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沙尘暴黄金有限公司(“公司”、“沙尘暴黄金”、“沙尘暴”或“注册人”)是一家加拿大发行商，有资格根据1934年证券交易法(“交易法”)第13节(经修订的“交易法”)，根据交易法的多司法管辖区披露制度，以Form 40-F格式提交年度报告。根据《交易法》规则3b-4的定义，该公司是一家“外国私人发行人”。因此，根据规则3a12-3，本公司的股权证券可获豁免遵守交易法第14(A)、14(B)、14(C)、14(F)及16条。

这份40-F表格年度报告以及本文所附的证据可能包含符合1933年证券法第27A条(“证券法”)、交易法第21E条、1995年私人证券诉讼改革法或美国证券交易委员会(“美国证券交易委员会”)制定的规则和新闻稿中所指的“前瞻性陈述”，所有这些陈述都与沙尘暴黄金公司的业务、运营、财务表现和状况有关。本年度报告中的Form 40-F中包含的前瞻性陈述仅在本报告发布之日作出。通过引用并入本年度报告的表格40-F中所载的展品中的前瞻性陈述仅在这些展品中所列的各自日期作出。除非法律要求，否则公司不打算，也不承担任何义务，更新或修改任何前瞻性陈述，无论是由于新信息、后续事件或其他原因。

一般而言，前瞻性信息可通过使用“计划”、“预期”或“不预期”、“预期”、“预算”、“预定”、“估计”、“预测”、“打算”、“预期”或“不预期”或“相信”等前瞻性术语，或某些行动、事件或结果“可能”、“可能”、“将”、“可能”或“将会采取”、“发生”或“将实现”等词语和短语的变体或陈述来确定。前瞻性信息基于沙尘暴黄金公司在信息发布之日作出的合理假设，受已知和未知风险、不确定因素和其他因素的影响，这些风险、不确定性和其他因素可能导致公司的实际结果、活动水平、业绩或成就与该前瞻性信息明示或暗示的结果大不相同，这些因素包括但不限于：一般业务和经济状况的影响；每项采矿业务(该术语的定义见沙尘暴公司截至2023年12月31日止年度的最新年度信息表格(“AIF”)，作为附件99.1)；对沙尘暴黄金将从其购买黄金或其他商品、或从这些采矿业务收取特许权使用费的采矿业务缺乏控制，或与这些采矿业务有关的风险，包括与国际业务有关的风险、矿山建设和作业的延误、政府和环境监管、采矿和当前勘探活动的实际结果、经济评价的结论以及随着计划的不断完善而改变的项目参数；矿物的可销售性所固有的问题；行业状况，包括金属价格的波动、汇率的波动和利率的波动；政府实体以对沙尘暴黄金不利的方式解释现有税法或颁布新的税法；根据NCIB(根据AIF的定义)可以购买的普通股的数量或总价值；CRA正在进行的审计(AIF的定义)和可用的补救措施；预期SSR矿业收购Hod Maden项目40%运营权益(定义见AIF)协议的里程碑收益付款条款将会实现，其寻求项目融资的意图，包括预期收购SSR矿业将给项目的整体发展带来好处，以及其履行其作为Hod Maden项目运营商的作用的能力，包括获得运营的社会和监管许可证；预期公司与AIF中描述的Horizon公司的交易将提供交易的潜在利益和协同效应，以及沙尘暴成功实现业务目标的能力，包括整合公司或资产或意外成本、负债或延迟的影响；管理层对沙尘暴增长的预期；股市波动；竞争、自然灾害、恐怖主义行为、健康危机和其他干扰和混乱的潜在影响；以及在MD&A中“沙尘暴的风险”一节和最新一期AIF中“风险因素”一节中讨论的那些因素。

这份Form 40-F年度报告中的前瞻性信息除其他外包括披露：CRA正在进行的审计和可用的补救措施，管理层对沙尘暴增长的期望，沙尘暴现有的金矿流(如AIF中的定义)和特许权使用费及其未来展望，矿山运营商履行其运营商角色的能力，包括经营的社会和监管许可证；任何采矿业务的矿产储量(在AIF中定义)、矿产资源(在AIF中定义)和产量估计、根据2023年ATM计划(在AIF中定义)可能出售的普通股数量或价值、

本公司根据国际会计准则委员会发布的国际财务报告准则会计准则编制财务报表。因此，该公司的财务报表可能无法与美国公司编制的财务报表相媲美。本公司于2023年及2022年12月31日及截至2022年12月31日止年度的经审核财务报表(“经审核财务报表”)及本公司的董事总经理及财务分析分别载于本公司2023年年报(“年报”)内，该年报以Form 40-F格式附于本年报附件99.2，并以供参考的方式并入本报告。

公司的AIF，附件为附件99.1作为本40-F年度报告附件99.2的Form 40-F年度报告，以及作为附件99.2的Form 40-F年度报告，均是根据加拿大矿产资源和矿产储量估计报告标准编制的，该标准与美国证券法以前和当前的标准不同。具体地说，在不限制前述一般性的情况下，在本招股说明书和通过引用并入本文的文件中使用或引用的术语“矿产储量”、“已探明矿产储量”、“可能矿产储量”、“推断矿产资源”、“指示矿产资源”、“已测量矿产资源”和“矿产资源”是根据加拿大国家文书43-101-矿物项目披露标准(“NI 43-101”)和加拿大采矿学会定义的加拿大矿物披露术语，冶金和石油(“CIM”)--CIM理事会通过的经修订的CIM定义标准(“CIM定义标准”)。

出于在美国的报告目的，美国证券交易委员会已通过了对其披露规则(“美国证券交易委员会现代化规则”)的修正案，以使其证券根据修订后的1934年美国证券交易法(“交易法”)在美国证券交易委员会登记的发行人的矿业财产披露要求现代化。美国证券交易委员会现代化规则使美国证券交易委员会对矿业财产的披露要求和政策与包括NI 43-101在内的当前行业和全球监管做法和标准更加紧密地结合起来，并取代

根据美国证券法，行业指南7中对矿业注册人的历史财产披露要求。作为根据加拿大和美国证券监管机构采用的多司法管辖区信息披露制度有资格向美国证券交易委员会提交报告的外国私人发行人，该公司无需根据美国证券交易委员会现代化规则披露其矿产属性，而根据NI 43-101和CIM定义标准进行披露。因此，本文所载或以引用方式并入的矿产储量和矿产资源信息可能无法与美国公司披露的类似信息相比较。

由于采用了美国证券交易委员会现代化规则，美国证券交易委员会现在承认对“已测量矿产资源”、“指示矿产资源”和“推断矿产资源”的估计。此外，美国证券交易委员会还修改了“已探明矿产储量”和“可能矿产储量”的定义，使之与NI 43-101所要求的相应的CIM定义标准“大体相似”。虽然上述术语与CIM定义“基本相似”，但在“美国证券交易委员会”现代化规则和CIM定义标准下的定义存在差异。因此，无法保证如果本公司根据“美国证券交易委员会现代化规则”通过的标准编制本公司根据NI 43-101报告的“已探明矿产储量”、“可能的矿产储量”、“已测量的矿产资源”、“指示矿产资源”和“推断的矿产资源”，则该公司报告的任何矿产储量或矿产资源都是相同的。

于本Form 40-F年度报告所涵盖期间结束时，在包括首席执行官(“CEO”)及首席财务官(“CFO”)在内的本公司管理层的监督及参与下，对本公司的披露控制及程序(定义见交易所法案第13a-15(E)及15d-15(E)条)的有效性进行评估。基于这一评估，首席执行官和首席财务官得出结论认为，截至本Form 40-F年度报告所涵盖的期间结束时，公司的披露控制和程序有效地确保：(I)公司根据交易法提交或提交给美国证券交易委员会的报告中要求披露的信息已在适用规则和表格中指定的时间段内记录、处理、汇总和报告；(Ii)根据交易法提交的公司报告中要求披露的重大信息已累计并传达给公司管理层，包括首席执行官和首席财务官(视情况而定)。以便就所需披露作出准确和及时的决定。

由于所有控制系统的固有局限性，任何控制评估都不能绝对保证公司内部的所有控制问题和舞弊事件(如果有的话)都已被发现。这些固有的局限性包括这样的现实，即决策过程中的判断可能是错误的，故障可能因为简单的错误或错误而发生。此外，可以通过某些人的个人行为、两个或更多人的串通或通过控制的管理凌驾来规避控制。任何控制系统的设计也部分基于对未来事件可能性的某些假设，不能保证任何设计在所有可能的未来条件下都能成功地实现其所述目标；随着时间的推移，控制可能会因为条件的变化而变得不充分，或者遵守政策或程序的程度可能会恶化。由于具有成本效益的控制系统的固有限制，由于错误或欺诈而导致的错误陈述可能会发生，并且不会被发现。

在首席执行官和首席财务官的参与下，管理层按照特雷德韦委员会赞助组织委员会#年提出的标准，对截至2023年12月31日的公司财务报告内部控制的设计和运作进行了评估内部控制--综合框架(2013年框架)。这项评价包括审查控制措施的文件，评估控制措施的设计有效性，测试控制措施的操作有效性，以及对这项评估的结论。根据这一评估，管理层在其报告中得出结论，公司对财务报告的内部控制自2023年12月31日起有效。

本公司是一家资源型公司，从拥有高级开发项目或经营矿山的公司手中收购金流及其他金属采购协议(“金流”或“流”)。作为获得Stream的预付款的回报，沙尘暴公司有权以每盎司固定价格或现货价格的固定百分比购买矿山在矿山生命周期内黄金、白银或其他商品产量的一定比例。因此，公司对每条河流的购买承诺不是基于时间段，如少于一年或一至三年，而是持续到矿山的生命周期。此外，就公司的各种渠道而言，随着公司采矿项目的推进，某些款项会预付给公司。这些付款受到某些资金条件的限制，不是基于时间段。关于公司采购承诺的说明，见年报第40页和第99页的“承付款和或有事项”和“附注16--承付款和或有事项”。展品99.2本年度报告采用表格40-F，并以引用方式并入本文。

该公司的公司治理实践符合所有适用的加拿大现行监管准则和标准。本公司因在纽交所上市而被归类为外国私人发行人，并不需要遵守纽交所的大部分企业管治标准(“纽交所规则”)，而可能会遵守加拿大的企业管治惯例。然而，本公司的企业管治常规纳入了许多源自纽约证券交易所规则的最佳实践，并在公司网站上提供了本公司的公司管治实践与纽约证券交易所规则所要求的国内公司的重大不同之处的说明，网址为Www.sandstormgold.com.



		深圳市圣斯通金有限公司
日期：2024年3月27日	发信人：	/s/ Nolan Watson
	姓名：	诺兰·沃森
	标题：	首席执行官


不列颠哥伦比亚省，加拿大 (省或其他司法管辖区公司或组织)			1041 (主要标准行业分类代号)			98-1178734 （I.R.S.雇主编号）


审计师事务所ID： 271			审计师姓名：普华永道会计师事务所			审计师位置：加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华