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目錄

美國

證券交易委員會

華盛頓特區 20549

__________________________

表格 10-Q

__________________________

x			根據1934年證券交易法第13或15(d)條款的季度報告。

截至季度期結束的 2024年9月30日

或

o			根據1934年證券交易法第13或15(d)條款的過渡報告

過渡期從________到________

佣金檔案號碼 000-29599

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC.

(正式註冊人的確切名稱，如章程所規定)

康乃狄克						06-1559137
(依據所在地或其他管轄區) 的註冊地或組織地點)						(國稅局雇主 識別號碼)
900貝德福街, Stamford, 康乃狄克						06901
(總部辦公地址)						(郵遞區號)

(203) 252-5900

MNPR’(電話號碼，包括區號)

根據法案第12(b)條規定註冊的證券：

每種類別的名稱

交易標的（s）

每個註冊交易所的名稱

普通股

PNBK

納斯達克全球貨幣市場

請勾選以下項目，以判定在過去12個月(或更短期間，該註冊人被要求提交報告)內所有根據1934年證券交易法第13條或第15(d)條要求提供報告的報告是否已經提交，並且該註冊人在過去90天中是否受到提交報告的要求。 Yes x 沒有 o

請以勾選框表示，登記者在過去12個月內（或者對於要求提交此類文件的更短時期），是否已按照S-t規則405條要求提交了每個互動數據文件。 Yes x 沒有 o

請標示註冊人是否為大型加速報告者、加速報告者、非加速報告者、小型報告公司或新興成長公司。請參見《交易所法》第120億2條中對「大型加速報告者」、「加速報告者」、「小型報告公司」和「新興成長公司」的定義。

大型加速歸檔人

o

加速歸檔人

o

非加速歸檔人

x

小型報告公司

x

新興成長型企業

o

如果一家新興成長型公司，請用勾選標記表示該申報人已選擇不使用根據證交所法案13(a)條款提供的任何新的或修訂過的財務會計準則的延長過渡期。 o

在核准的名冊是否屬於殼公司（如股市法規第1202條所定義之意義）方面，請用勾選符號表示。是 o 沒有 x

僅適用於涉及破產的發行人

過去五年的進行情況：

請以核對印記表示，註冊者已在法院確認的計劃下分配證券後，根據1934年證券交易法第12、13或15(d)條的規定提交所有文件和報告。是 o 無 o

僅適用於公司發行人：

請表示於最近可行日期，每種發行人普通股的流通股數。

截至2024年11月19日， 3,976,073 股。

1

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目錄

T能夠 或 C本質

目錄			2
第一部分 - 基本報表			3
項目 1：綜合基本報表			3
合併資產負債表（未經審計）。			3
合併損益表（未經審計）。			4
綜合損益表（未經審核）			5
綜合股東權益報表（未經審計）			6
合併現金流量表（未經審計）。			8
附註股東權益基本報表（未經審核）			9
項目2：管理層對財務狀況及經營成果的討論與分析			44
項目3：有關市場風險的定量及定性披露			63
項目4：披露控制及程序			64
第二部分 - 其他信息			66
項目1：法律訴訟			66
第5項：其他資訊			66
第6項：展品			67
簽名			68

2

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第一部分 - 基本報表

項目 1：合併基本報表

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC.及其附屬公司

綜合資產負債表

			2024年9月30日						2023年12月31日
（單位：千元，股份數據除外）			未經審核
資產
現金及待收款項：
非利息管道的存款及現金			$	2,718					$	2,195
利息支票存款			70,013						50,322
受限現金			41						14,019
現金、現金等價物和限制性現金的總額			72,772						66,536
投資證券:
按公允價值衡量的可出售證券			89,578						89,187
其他投資，按成本計算			4,450						4,450
總投資證券			94,028						93,637
聯邦儲備銀行（FRB）股票，按成本計算			2,109						2,090
聯邦住房貸款銀行(FHLB)股票，按成本計算			3,473						4,202
應收貸款(淨額扣除信用損失準備金：2024年：$(14,984)及2023年：$(15,925))			740,687						832,934
待出售的貸款			13,658						20,767
應計利息及應收分紅派息			5,932						7,219
場地和設備，淨值			29,117						29,875
其他擁有的房地產			2,843						2,843
递延所得税資產			—						24,134
核心存款無形資產，淨額			168						203
其他資產			9,296						8,985
總資產			$	974,083					$	1,093,425
負債
存款：
非利息軸承存款			$	91,583					$	110,056
利息支票存款			733,306						730,255
總存款			824,889						840,311
FHLb、FRb及對應銀行借款			93,800						171,000
優先票據淨值			11,827						11,723
次級債務，淨額			9,891						9,869
對未合併trust的初級次級債務，淨額			8,144						8,137
應付款項備忘錄			216						376
向借款人預付稅金和保險款項			3,013						1,164
應計費用及其他負債			5,917						6,462
總負債			957,697						1,049,042
承諾和條件
股東權益
優先股，面額; 授權 no 面值； 1,000,000 授權股份數， no 已發行並流通股份			—						—
0.01.01 面值， 100,000,000 授權的股份；截至2024年9月30日： 4,049,814 發行股數； 3,976,073 已發行的股份；截至2023年12月31日： 4,049,814 發行股數； 3,976,073 股普通股流通。			106,790						106,670
累積虧損			(77,360)						(47,026)
累積其他全面損失			(13,044)						(15,261)
股東權益總額			16,386						44,383
總負債及股東權益			$	974,083					$	1,093,425

請參閱綜合基本報表的附註。

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC.及其附屬公司

綜合營運財務報表（未經審計）

			截至九月三十日的三個月												截至九月三十日的九個月。
(以千為單位，每股金額除外)			2024						2023						2024						2023
利息及分紅派息
貸款的利息和費用			$	11,704					$	13,936					$	36,345					$	40,538
投資證券利息			640						640						1,933						2,007
投資證券的分紅派息			89						110						238						416
其他利息收入			381						384						1,516						1,064
利息和股息總收入			12,814						15,070						40,032						44,025
利息費用
存入資金的利息			6,189						6,220						19,160						15,047
對FHLb、FRb及對應銀行借貸的利息			926						1,624						3,354						4,783
對高級債務的利息			290						290						869						869
對次級債務的利息			409						409						1,219						1,068
對應付票據的利息			1						2						4						7
總利息費用			7,815						8,545						24,606						21,774
淨利息收入			4,999						6,525						15,426						22,251
信用損失準備			1,026						4,688						4,776						8,233
經資產減損準備後的淨利息收入			3,973						1,837						10,650						14,018
非利息收入
貸款申請、檢查和處理費用			201						310						493						554
存入資金費用及服務收費			78						69						398						211
貸款銷售利潤			81						3						402						169
租金收入			75						106						226						330
(損失) 投資證券的出售盈餘，淨額			—						—						(24)						24
數位支付收入			1,333						625						3,509						1,391
其他收入			347						56						1,421						154
總非利息收入			2,115						1,169						6,425						2,833
非利息支出
工資和福利			4,710						4,833						13,489						13,761
佔用及設備支出			801						870						2,480						2,593
數據處理支出			321						355						981						965
專業及其他外部服務			952						702						2,530						2,343
項目開支，淨額			—						—						—						93
廣告及促銷開支			105						61						239						223
貸款管理及處理開支			58						48						118						202
監管評估			386						292						890						791
保險開支，淨額			82						70						231						215
通信、文具及用品			337						232						706						664
其他營業費用			644						646						1,957						1,906
總非利息支出			8,396						8,109						23,621						23,756
稅前損失			(2,308)						(5,103)						(6,546)						(6,905)
所得稅費用（效益）			24,646						(1,333)						23,788						(1,821)
淨虧損			$	(26,954)					$	(3,770)					$	(30,334)					$	(5,084)
基本每股損失			$	(6.78)					$	(0.95)					$	(7.63)					$	(1.28)
稀釋每股損失			$	(6.78)					$	(0.95)					$	(7.63)					$	(1.28)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Unaudited)

(In thousands)			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
Net loss			$	(26,954)					$	(3,770)					$	(30,334)					$	(5,084)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities			3,856						(3,636)						3,227						(4,143)
Income tax effect			(1,000)						938						(832)						1,069
Reclassification for realized loss (gain) on sale of investment securities			—						—						24						(24)
Income tax effect			—						—						(6)						6
Impact of update to effective tax rate			(98)						—						(196)						—
Total other comprehensive income (loss)			2,758						(2,698)						2,217						(3,092)
Comprehensive loss			$	(24,196)					$	(6,468)					$	(28,117)					$	(8,176)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

			Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
(In thousands, except shares)			Number of Shares						Common Stock						Accumulated Deficit						Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income						Total
Balance at June 30, 2024			3,976,073						$	106,735					$	(50,406)					$	(15,802)					$	40,527
Comprehensive (loss) income:
Net loss			—						—						(26,954)						—						(26,954)
Unrealized holding gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax			—						—						—						2,758						2,758
Total comprehensive (loss) income			—						—						(26,954)						2,758						(24,196)
Share-based compensation expense			—						55						—						—						55
Balance at September 30, 2024			3,976,073						$	106,790					$	(77,360)					$	(13,044)					$	16,386

			Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands, except shares)			Number of Shares						Common Stock						Accumulated Deficit						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss						Total
Balance at June 30, 2023			3,965,186						$	106,611					$	(44,161)					$	(16,039)					$	46,411
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss			—						—						(3,770)						—						(3,770)
Unrealized holding loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax			—						—						—						(2,698)						(2,698)
Total comprehensive loss			—						—						(3,770)						(2,698)						(6,468)
Share-based compensation expense			—						31						—						—						31
Balance at September 30, 2023			3,965,186						$	106,642					$	(47,931)					$	(18,737)					$	39,974

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited) (Continued)

			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
(In thousands, except shares)			Number of Shares						Common Stock						Accumulated Deficit						Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income						Total
Balance at January 1, 2024			3,976,073						$	106,670					$	(47,026)					$	(15,261)					$	44,383
Comprehensive (loss) income:
Net loss			—						—						(30,334)						—						(30,334)
Unrealized holding gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax			—						—						—						2,217						2,217
Total comprehensive (loss) income			—						—						(30,334)						2,217						(28,117)
Share-based compensation expense			—						120						—						—						120
Balance at September 30, 2024			3,976,073						$	106,790					$	(77,360)					$	(13,044)					$	16,386

			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands, except shares)			Number of Shares						Common Stock						Accumulated Deficit						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss						Total
Balance at January 1, 2023			3,965,186						$	106,565					$	(31,337)					$	(15,645)					$	59,583
Transition adjustment related to adoption of ASC326, net of tax			—						—						(11,510)						—						(11,510)
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss			—						—						(5,084)						—						(5,084)
Unrealized holding loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax			—						—						—						(3,092)						(3,092)
Total comprehensive loss			—						—						(5,084)						(3,092)						(8,176)
Share-based compensation expense			—						77						—						—						77
Balance at September 30, 2023			3,965,186						$	106,642					$	(47,931)					$	(18,737)					$	39,974

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(In thousands)			Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2024						2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss			$	(30,334)					$	(5,084)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Accretion of investment premiums and discounts, net			(113)						(82)
Amortization and accretion of purchase loan premiums and discounts, net			51						1,648
Amortization of debt issuance costs			133						133
Amortization of core deposit intangible			35						35
Amortization of servicing assets of sold SBA loans			177						92
Provision for credit losses			4,776						8,233
Depreciation and amortization			823						904
Loss (gain) on sales of available-for-sale securities			24						(24)
Gain on sale of premises and equipment			(3)						—
Share-based compensation			120						77
Decrease (increase) in deferred tax assets			23,100						(5,298)
Increase in deferred tax liabilities			723						—
Originations of loans held for sale, net			(415,600)						(21,312)
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale			421,924						4,758
Gains on sale of loans held for sale, net			(402)						(169)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Decrease in accrued interest and dividends receivable			1,287						143
(Increase) decrease in other assets			(361)						2,213
(Decrease) increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities			(1,105)						3,185
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities			5,255						(10,548)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Proceeds from maturity or sales on available-for-sale securities			2,281						1,780
Principal repayments on available-for-sale securities			2,987						3,408
Purchases of available-for-sale securities			(2,319)						(10,415)
(Purchases) Redemptions of FRB stock			(19)						178
Redemptions (purchases) of FHLB stock			729						(1,498)
Origination of loans receivable			(42,246)						(152,758)
Purchases of loans receivable			(127)						(19,751)
Payments received on loans receivable			130,767						121,962
Purchases of premises and equipment			(152)						(397)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment			13						—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities			91,914						(57,491)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Decrease in deposits, net			(15,422)						(23,423)
Proceeds from FHLB daily borrowing, net			22,800						60,000
Repayments of FHLB long term borrowings			(30,000)						—
Proceeds from FRB and correspondent bank borrowings			22,000						278,500
Repayments of FRB and correspondent bank borrowings			(92,000)						(208,500)
Principal repayments of note payable			(160)						(156)
Increase in advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance			1,849						2,053
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities			(90,933)						108,474
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash			6,236						40,435
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period			66,536						38,493
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period			$	72,772					$	78,928

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (Continued)

(In thousands)			Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2024						2023
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest			$	25,182					$	20,611
Cash paid for income taxes			$	500					$	44
Non-cash transactions:
Net change in unrealized (gain) loss on available-for-sale securities			$	(2,217)					$	3,092
Transfers of SBA loans held for sale to loans receivable			$	5,526					$	—
Transfers of loans receivable to loans held for sale			$	(4,339)					$	—
Capitalized servicing assets			$	119					$	85
Operating lease right-of-use assets / liabilities			$	300					$	16
(Decrease) increase in interest rate swaps			$	(24)					$	169
Decrease in premises and equipment recorded under other assets			$	93					$	—
Expected credit loss for loans - ASC 326 adoption			$	—					$	13,001
Expected credit loss for unfunded loan commitments - ASC 326 adoption			$	—					$	2,737
Deferred tax assets - ASC 326 adoption			$	—					$	(4,228)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

Note 1.    Basis of Financial Statement Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company” or “PNBK”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Patriot Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”), Patriot National Statutory Trust I and PinPat Acquisition Corporation (collectively, “Patriot”), have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) have been omitted. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included on the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2023 presented herein has been derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and to disclose contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management has identified accounting for the allowance for credit losses, the analysis and valuation of its investment securities, the valuation of deferred tax assets, the valuation of derivatives, and the valuation of servicing assets as certain of the Company’s more significant accounting policies and estimates, in that they are critical to the presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations. As they concern matters that are inherently uncertain, these estimates require management to make subjective and complex judgments in the preparation of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

The information furnished reflects, in the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the remainder of 2024.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

Note 2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Transactions

Please refer to the summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a list of all policies in effect as of December 31, 2023.

Significant Transactions

Deferred Income taxes

Patriot's deferred tax assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are presented below:

(In thousands)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets and liabilities:
Gross deferred tax assets			$	25,129					$	25,622
Less deferred tax asset valuation allowance			(25,129)						—
Total deferred tax assets			—						25,622
Gross deferred tax liabilities			(723)						(1,488)
Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets			$	(723)					$	24,134

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Patriot recognizes income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and loss carry forwards. Deferred tax assets (“DTA”s) and liabilities (“DTL”s) are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on DTAs and DTLs of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

In certain circumstances DTAs are subject to reduction by a valuation allowance. A valuation allowance is subject to ongoing adjustment based on changes in circumstances that affect management’s judgment about the realizability of the deferred tax asset. Adjustments to increase or decrease the valuation allowance are charged or credited to the deferred tax component of the income tax provision or benefit.

The Company recognize deferred tax assets to the extent we believe it is more likely than not the asset will be realized. Quarterly, management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit the use of existing deferred tax assets, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected taxable income, tax-planning strategies, carryback potential if permitted, and the results of recent operations. A significant piece of objective negative evidence is the existence of a three or four year cumulative loss. Such objective negative evidence limits the ability of management to consider other subjective evidence, such as projected taxable income. When appropriate, the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Based on our assessment performed as of September 30, 2024, we determined that a full valuation allowance was appropriate against the Company’s U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. This resulted in an increase in income tax expense of approximately $25.1 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024. Currently, the key factor on the Company’s assumption of providing 100% valuation allowance was purely based on our 3-year cumulative operating losses. Once we begin generating profits, we will re-evaluate whether providing 100% valuation allowance is appropriate or if we can reassess that allowance.

Accounting Policies

Non-interest income - Digital Payments Division

The Digital Payments Division ("DPD") provides solutions to our customers in the form of acceptance, processing and settlement of prepaid, debit, and charge card payments and accounts. Each of our customers, called Program Managers (“PMs”), signs a services agreement with the Bank with customized terms and fees. The typical fees include start-up fees and transaction fees, and the fees will vary by relationship. The start-up fees are to compensate the Bank for costs of due diligence on the PMs and the program, and to onboard the PMs and programs onto our infrastructure. The transaction fees are typically based on a charge per transaction settled, or a rate on the total dollar settlement volume in a month. The fees are billed after the activities occur and collected monthly.

The Bank receives interchange revenue from the networks, both MasterCard and Visa. The interchange revenue is a unique amount per transaction that settles to the Bank through their networks on a daily basis. As a part of the Program Manager services agreement, the Bank may share part or all of the interchange revenue with the PM. The interchange revenue is recognized as point in time transactions for the Bank and records a reduction of the revenue for any part of the interchange revenue that is shared with the PM. The networks, both MasterCard and Visa, charge fees to the merchant for utilization of the network, and the fees that are collected are paid to the Bank. The interchange rate may vary, as most transaction types have their own unique rate charged by the network at the time the purchase is completed.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently issued Accounting Pronouncements not yet Adopted

ASU 2023-06

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of Topics in the Codification. Certain of the amendments represent clarifications to or technical corrections of the current requirements. For entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. The amendments in this Update should be applied prospectively. For all entities, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the applicable requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, the pending content of the related amendment will be removed from the Codification and will not become effective for any entity. The adoption of ASU 2023-06 is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations but could change certain disclosures. The Company will continue to monitor for SEC action, and plan accordingly for adoption.

ASU 2023-07

In November, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. Additionally, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment and define other disclosure requirements. A public entity must apply the amendments retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations but could change certain disclosures.

ASU 2023-09

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023‑09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires more detailed disclosures of income taxes paid net of refunds received, income from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit, and income tax expense from continuing operations. This standard is to be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted, and will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2025. We do not expect adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements but will likely result in additional disclosures.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3.    Available-for-Sale Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair values of available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:

(In thousands)			Amortized Cost						Gross Unrealized Gains						Gross Unrealized (Losses)						Fair Value
September 30, 2024:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities			$	79,082					$	33					$	(12,826)					$	66,289
Corporate bonds			17,995						—						(3,290)						14,705
Subordinated notes			5,000						—						(601)						4,399
SBA loan pools			4,561						—						(863)						3,698
Municipal bonds			558						—						(71)						487
Total available-for-sale securities			$	107,196					$	33					$	(17,651)					$	89,578
December 31, 2023:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities			$	80,500					$	—					$	(14,829)					$	65,671
Corporate bonds			17,995						—						(4,229)						13,766
Subordinated notes			5,000						—						(773)						4,227
SBA loan pools			6,002						—						(965)						5,037
Municipal bonds			559						—						(73)						486
Total available-for-sale securities			$	110,056					$	—					$	(20,869)					$	89,187

The following table presents the available-for-sale securities’ gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by the length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous loss position as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)			Less than 12 Months												12 Months or More												Total
			Fair Value						Unrealized (Loss)						Fair Value						Unrealized (Loss)						Fair Value						Unrealized (Loss)
September 30, 2024:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities			$	2,237					$	(56)					$	61,966					$	(12,770)					$	64,203					$	(12,826)
Corporate bonds			—						—						14,705						(3,290)						14,705						(3,290)
Subordinated notes			—						—						4,399						(601)						4,399						(601)
SBA loan pools			—						—						3,698						(863)						3,698						(863)
Municipal bonds			—						—						487						(71)						487						(71)
Total available-for-sale securities			$	2,237					$	(56)					$	85,255					$	(17,595)					$	87,492					$	(17,651)
December 31, 2023:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities			$	9,984					$	(286)					$	55,687					$	(14,543)					$	65,671					$	(14,829)
Corporate bonds			—						—						13,766						(4,229)						13,766						(4,229)
Subordinated notes			—						—						4,227						(773)						4,227						(773)
SBA loan pools			—						—						5,037						(965)						5,037						(965)
Municipal bonds			—						—						486						(73)						486						(73)
Total available-for-sale securities			$	9,984					$	(286)					$	79,203					$	(20,583)					$	89,187					$	(20,869)

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, forty-eight of forty-nine and fifty of fifty available-for-sale securities had unrealized losses with an aggregate decline of (16.8)% and (19.0)% from the amortized cost of those securities, respectively.

At September 30, 2024, no allowance for credit losses has been recognized on available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position as the Company does not believe any of the debt securities are credit impaired. This is based on the Company’s analysis of the risk characteristics, including credit ratings, and other qualitative factors related to available-for-sale debt securities. The issuers of these debt securities continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. The Company does not intend to sell these debt securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the debt securities before recovery of their amortized cost, which may be at maturity. The unrealized losses are due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the debt securities were purchased.

With regard to U.S. mortgage-backed securities and municipal bonds issued by the U.S. government, or agencies thereof, it is expected that the securities will not be settled at prices less than the amortized cost basis of the securities as such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. government. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities.

With regard to corporate bonds, management considers (i) issuer bond ratings, (ii) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (iii) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, and (iv) internal forecasts. Securities under the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) government guaranteed loan pools program were purchased at a premium and the impairment was attributable primarily to increased prepayment speeds. The timely payment of principal and interest on these securities is guaranteed by the U.S. Government agency. The contractual terms of the subordinated notes do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost bases of the investments. Furthermore, as of September 30, 2024, there were no past due principal or interest payments associated with these securities. Based upon (i) the issuer’s strong bond ratings and (ii) a zero historical loss rate, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2024. All debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2024 continue to perform as scheduled and the Company does not believe there is a possible credit loss or that an allowance for credit loss on these debt securities is necessary.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, available-for-sale securities of $35.6 million and $68.5 million, respectively, were pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") and Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”). The securities were pledged primarily to secure borrowings from the FHLB and FRB.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following summarizes, by class and contractual maturity, the amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale debt securities held as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The mortgages underlying the mortgage-backed securities are not due at a single maturity date. Additionally, these mortgages often are and generally may be pre-paid without penalty, creating a degree of uncertainty that such investments can be held until maturity. For convenience, mortgage-backed securities have been included in the summary as a separate line item.

(In thousands)			Amortized Cost																								Fair Value
			Due Within 5 years						Due After 5 years through 10 years						Due After 10 years						Total						Due Within 5 years						Due After 5 years through 10 years						Due After 10 years						Total
September 30, 2024:
Corporate bonds			$	2,000					$	15,995					$	—					$	17,995					$	1,953					$	12,752					$	—					$	14,705
Subordinated notes			3,000						2,000						—						5,000						2,580						1,819						—						4,399
SBA loan pools			—						—						4,561						4,561						—						—						3,698						3,698
Municipal bonds			153						405						—						558						142						345						—						487
Available-for-sale securities with stated maturity dates			5,153						18,400						4,561						28,114						4,675						14,916						3,698						23,289
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities			—						5,178						73,904						79,082						—						4,320						61,969						66,289
Total available-for-sale securities			$	5,153					$	23,578					$	78,465					$	107,196					$	4,675					$	19,236					$	65,667					$	89,578
December 31, 2023:
Corporate bonds			$	2,000					$	15,995					$	—					$	17,995					$	1,947					$	11,819					$	—					$	13,766
Subordinated notes			3,000						2,000						—						5,000						2,527						1,700						—						4,227
SBA loan pools			—						1,096						4,906						6,002						—						1,084						3,953						5,037
Municipal bonds			153						406						—						559						140						346						—						486
Available-for-sale securities with stated maturity dates			5,153						19,497						4,906						29,556						4,614						14,949						3,953						23,516
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities			—						5,222						75,278						80,500						—						4,237						61,434						65,671
Total available-for-sale securities			$	5,153					$	24,719					$	80,184					$	110,056					$	4,614					$	19,186					$	65,387					$	89,187

Note 4.    Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, loans receivable, net, consisted of the following:

(In thousands)						September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate						$	452,155					$	472,093
Residential Real Estate						94,579						106,783
Commercial and Industrial						134,333						163,565
Consumer and Other						68,418						99,688
Construction						3,829						4,266
Construction to Permanent - CRE						2,357						2,464
Loans receivable, gross						755,671						848,859
Allowance for credit losses						(14,984)						(15,925)
Loans receivable, net						$	740,687					$	832,934

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Patriot's lending activities are conducted principally in Fairfield and New Haven Counties in Connecticut and Westchester County in New York, and the five Boroughs of New York City. Patriot originates commercial real estate loans, commercial business loans, a variety of consumer loans, and construction loans, and has purchased residential loans since 2016. All commercial and residential real estate loans are collateralized primarily by first or second mortgages on real estate. The ability and willingness of borrowers to satisfy their loan obligations is dependent to some degree on the status of the regional economy as well as upon the regional real estate market. Accordingly, the ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the loan portfolio and the recovery of a substantial portion of any resulting real estate acquired is susceptible to changes in market conditions.

Patriot has established credit policies applicable to each type of lending activity in which it engages and evaluates the creditworthiness of each borrower. Unless extenuating circumstances exist, Patriot limits the extension of credit on commercial real estate loans to 75% of the market value of the underlying collateral. Patriot’s loan origination policy for multi-family residential real estate is limited to 80% of the market value of the underlying collateral. In the case of construction loans, the maximum loan-to-value is 75% of the “as completed” appraised value of the real estate project. Management monitors the appraised value of collateral on an on-going basis and additional collateral is requested when warranted. Real estate is the primary form of collateral, although other forms of collateral do exist and may include such assets as accounts receivable, inventory, marketable securities, time deposits, and other business assets.

Risk characteristics of the Company’s portfolio classes include the following:

Commercial Real Estate Loans

In underwriting commercial real estate ("CRE") loans, Patriot evaluates both the prospective borrower’s ability to make timely payments on the loan and the value of the property securing the loans. Repayment of such loans may be negatively impacted should the borrower default, the value of the property collateralizing the loan substantially decline, or there are declines in general economic conditions. Where the owner occupies the property, Patriot also evaluates the business’ ability to repay the loan on a timely basis and may require personal guarantees, lease assignments, and/or the guarantee of the operating company.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, Patriot did not purchase any commercial real estate loans.

Residential Real Estate Loans

Patriot’s residential real estate loan portfolio consists primarily of purchased residential loans. The repayment of residential real estate loans, as well as the loans secured by residential real estate, may be negatively impacted if borrowers experience financial difficulties, if there is a significant decline in the value of the property securing the loan, or if there are declines in general economic conditions. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, Patriot purchased $41,000 and $127,000 residential real estate loans, respectively. During the three and nine months ended 2023, Patriot did not purchase any residential real estate loans.

In 2024, the Bank reentered the residential mortgage business, began originating mortgage loans through its mortgage origination unit, Residential Mortgage Division, based in Jacksonville, Florida. These mortgage loans are typically sold to third parties. For further details, refer to Loans Held for Sale disclosures in footnote 5.

Commercial and Industrial Loans

Patriot’s commercial and industrial loan portfolio consists primarily of commercial business loans and lines of credit to businesses and professionals. These loans are generally for the financing of accounts receivable, purchases of inventory, purchases of new or used equipment, or for other short- or long-term working capital purposes. These loans are generally secured by business assets but are also occasionally offered on an unsecured basis. In granting these types of loans, Patriot considers the borrower’s cash flow as the primary source of repayment, supported by the value of collateral, if any, and personal guarantees, as applicable. Repayment of commercial and industrial loans may be negatively impacted by adverse changes in economic conditions, ineffective management, claims on the borrower’s assets by others that are superior to Patriot’s claims, a loss of demand for the borrower’s products or services, or the death or disability of the borrower or other key management personnel.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Patriot’s syndicated and leveraged loan portfolio totaled $5.7 million at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The syndicated and leveraged loan is included in the commercial and industrial loan classification and is comprised of loan transaction led by a major financial institution, which is the Agent Bank or Lead Arranger, and is referred to as a syndicated loan or "Shared National Credit (SNC)". The SNC loan was determined to be complementary to the Bank’s existing commercial and industrial loan portfolio and product offerings. Further originations in this loan class are not expected.

Consumer and Other Loans

Patriot offers individual consumers various forms of credit including installment loans, credit cards, overdraft protection, auto loans and reserve lines of credit. Repayments of such loans are generally dependent on the personal income of the borrower, which may be negatively impacted by adverse changes in economic conditions. The Company does not place a high emphasis on originating these types of loans.

The Company has purchased unsecured consumer loans from a third party which are higher yielding loans of 2-5 year terms that are expected to incur an increased level of charge-offs. Loans outstanding under this program at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 totaled $26.1 million and $48.5 million, respectively. No loans were purchased under this program for three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Bank purchased $1.8 million and $15.4 million unsecured consumer loans, respectively.

The Company does not originate any lending programs commonly referred to as subprime lending. Subprime lending generally targets borrowers with weakened credit histories that are typically characterized by payment delinquencies, previous charge-offs, judgments against the consumer, a history of bankruptcies, or borrowers with questionable repayment capacity as evidenced by low credit scores or high debt-burdened ratios.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, Patriot did not purchase any home equity line of credit loans (“HELOC”). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Bank purchased HELOC loans of $1.5 million and $4.4 million, respectively.

Construction Loans

Construction loans are of a short-term nature, generally of eighteen months or less, that are secured by land and improvements intended for commercial, residential, or mixed-use development. Loan proceeds may be used for the acquisition of or improvements to the land under development and funds are generally disbursed as phases of construction are completed.

Included in this category are loans to construct single family homes where no contract of sale exists, based upon the experience and financial strength of the builder, the type and location of the property, and other factors. Construction loans tend to be personally guaranteed by the principal(s). Repayment of such loans may be negatively impacted by an inability to complete construction, a downturn in the market for new construction, by a significant increase in interest rates, or by decline in general economic conditions. The construction loans outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 totaled $3.8 million and $4.3 million, respectively.

Construction to Permanent - Commercial Real Estate

Construction to permanent loans represent a one-time close of a construction facility with simultaneous conversion to an amortizing mortgage loan. Construction to permanent loans combine a short-term period similar to a construction loan, generally with a variable rate, and a longer term commercial real estate loan typically 20-25 years, resetting every five years to the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) rate.

Close of the permanent facility typically occurs when events dictate, such as receipt of a certificate of occupancy and property stabilization, which is defined as cash flow sufficient to support a pre-defined minimum debt coverage ratio and other conditions and covenants particular to the loan. Construction facilities are typically variable rate instruments that, upon conversion to an amortizing mortgage loan, reset to a fixed rate instrument that is the greater of the in-force variable rate plus a predetermined spread over a reference rate (e.g., prime) or a minimum interest rate.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Small Business Administration ("SBA") Loans

Patriot originates SBA 7(a) loans, on which the SBA has historically provided guarantees of 75% of the principal balance. However, during the pandemic in 2021, the SBA temporarily increased the guarantees to 90% and reverted to 75% on October 1, 2021. The guaranteed portion of the Company’s SBA loans is generally sold in the secondary market with the unguaranteed portion held in the portfolio as a loan held for investment. SBA loans are for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory, or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. Loans are guaranteed by the businesses' major owners. SBA loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided. SBA loans held for investment are included in the commercial real estate loans and commercial and industrial loan classifications, which totaled $31.0 million and $30.0 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, $5.5 million SBA loans previously classified as held for sale were transferred to held for investment. No held for sale SBA loans were transferred to held for investment during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program

Under the Paycheck Protection Program of the CARES Act, small business loans were authorized to pay payroll and group health costs, salaries and commissions, mortgage and rent payments, utilities, and interest on other debt. The loans are provided through participating financial institutions that process loan applications and service the loans. The Bank participated in the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program in 2021. Paycheck Protection Program loans totaled $130,000 and $133,000 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which are included in the commercial and industrial loan classifications.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, which introduced the current expected credit loss ("CECL") methodology for estimating all expected losses over the life of a financial asset. Under the CECL methodology, the allowance for credit losses ("ACL") is measured on a collective basis for pools of loans with similar risk characteristics. For loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with the collectively evaluated pools, evaluations are performed on an individual basis. For all loan segments collectively evaluated, losses are predicted over a period of time determined to be reasonable and supportable, and at the end of the reasonable and supportable forecast period losses are reverted to long-term historical averages. The estimated credit losses for all loan segments are adjusted for changes in qualitative factors not inherently considered in the quantitative analyses.

The Company estimates expected credit losses for pooled loans using a modeling method that incorporates probability of default ("PD") and loss given default ("LGD"). The PD model employs a quarterly risk-rating transition method to estimate the probability of default by simulating loan downgrades and assigning increasing default probabilities to each loan. This captures the likelihood that borrowers will be unable to repay their loans according to the original terms. The LGD calculation considers characteristics such as collateral value and vintage, underlying collateral characteristics (e.g., CRE vs. residential, owner-occupied vs. investment), a floor for the LGD calculation (minimum loss in event of default regardless of collateral protection), and other relevant underwriting characteristics. Also calculated is the exposure at default. The probability of default is multiplied by the loss given default and the exposure at default. This calculation is forecasted for every year remaining in the life of each loan, and the results are aggregated to determine the necessary level of ACL for the pooled loans. Forecasted exposure at default can be influenced by prepayments speeds, which management elected to discount in part to reflect the expectation of slower voluntary prepayments in the face of an increasing interest rate environment.

Commercial and industrial loans include risks associated with borrower’s cash flow, debt service coverage and management’s expertise. These loans are subject to the risk that the Company may have difficulty converting collateral to a liquid asset if necessary, as well as risks associated with degree of specialization, mobility and general collectability in a default situation. These commercial loans may be subject to many different types of risks, including fraud, bankruptcy, economic downturn, deteriorated or non-existent collateral, and changes in interest rates.

Real estate construction loans include risks associated with the borrower’s credit-worthiness, contractor’s qualifications, borrower and contractor performance, and the overall risk and complexity of the proposed project. Construction lending is also subject to risks associated with sub-market dynamics, including population, employment trends and household income. During times of economic stress, this type of loan has typically had a greater degree of risk than other loan types.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Real estate mortgage loans consist of loans secured by commercial and residential real estate. Commercial real estate lending is divided into Investment CRE and Owner-Occupied CRE. Investment CRE is dependent upon successful management, marketing and expense supervision necessary to maintain the property. Repayment of these loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate market or the general economy. Owner-Occupied CRE is utilized by a business for the purpose of providing the space needs for that business and the running of its operations. Repayment is dependent on the cash flow and successful operations of the business. Repayment of these loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the specific owner’s industry. Also, commercial real estate loans typically involve relatively large loan balances to a single borrower. Residential real estate lending risks are generally less significant than those of other loans. Real estate lending risks include fluctuations in the value of real estate, bankruptcies, economic downturn and customer financial problems.

Consumer loans carry a moderate degree of risk compared to other loans. They are generally more risky than traditional residential real estate loans, and carry generally low relative balances across a diverse borrowing pool. Risk of default is assessed based on FICO scores, debt to income ratios, historical loss rates other common consumer loan metrics. For the pool of purchased unsecured consumer loans, the risk of default and necessary ACL is assessed on an individual loan basis using a customized model that heavily weights payment/delinquency status, FICO scores, and remaining loan life until maturity.

The Company maintains an ACL for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments and letters of credit to provide for the risk of loss inherent in these arrangements. The allowance is computed using a methodology similar to that used to determine the ACL for loans, modified to take into account the probability of a drawdown on the commitment. The ACL on unfunded loan commitments is classified as a liability account on the Consolidated Balance Sheets within other liabilities, while the corresponding provision for these credit losses is recorded as a component of provision for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments was $177,000 at September 30, 2024 and $271,000 at December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses, allocated to segments of the loan portfolio, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

(In thousands)			Commercial Real Estate						Residential Real Estate						Commercial and Industrial						Consumer and Other						Construction						Construction to Permanent - CRE												Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
June 30, 2024			$	7,958					$	678					$	1,215					$	5,133					$	5					$	—											$	14,989
Charge-offs			(124)						—						(122)						(1,266)						—						—												(1,512)
Recoveries			—						—						160						263						—						—												423
Provisions (credits)			1,211						(70)						(197)						143						(3)						—												1,084			(1)
September 30, 2024			$	9,045					$	608					$	1,056					$	4,273					$	2					$	—											$	14,984
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Allowance for credit losses:
June 30, 2023			$	10,039					$	1,027					$	1,673					$	11,275					$	33					$	51											$	24,098
Charge-offs			—						(113)						(423)						(3,012)						—						—												(3,548)
Recoveries			—						3						9						306						—						—												318
Provisions (credits)			3,321						171						149						1,127						(31)						63												4,800			(2)
September 30, 2023			$	13,360					$	1,088					$	1,408					$	9,696					$	2					$	114											$	25,668

(1) The provision on credit losses included in the above table for the three months ended September 30, 2024 does not include the credit on unfunded loan commitments of $58,000.

(2) The provision on credit losses included in the above table for the three months ended September 30, 2023 does not include the credit on unfunded loan commitments of $112,000.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses, allocated to segments of the loan portfolio, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

(In thousands)			Commercial Real Estate						Residential Real Estate						Commercial and Industrial						Consumer and Other						Construction						Construction to Permanent - CRE						Unallocated						Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
December 31, 2023			$	6,089					$	607					$	1,269					$	7,843					$	4					$	113					$	—					$	15,925
Charge-offs			(282)						(21)						(936)						(5,638)						—						—						—						(6,877)
Recoveries			—						—						238						828						—						—						—						1,066
Provisions (credits)			3,238						22						485						1,240						(2)						(113)						—						4,870			(3)
September 30, 2024			$	9,045					$	608					$	1,056					$	4,273					$	2					$	—					$	—					$	14,984
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Allowance for credit losses:
December 31, 2022			$	6,966					$	665					$	1,403					$	1,207					$	24					$	10					$	35					$	10,310
Impact of ASC 326 Adoption			1,626						189						219						10,977						(4)						29						(35)						13,001
Charge-offs			—						(113)						(429)						(7,324)						(150)						—						—						(8,016)
Recoveries			—						14						25						739						—						—						—						778
Provisions (credits)			4,768						333						190						4,097						132						75						—						9,595			(4)
September 30, 2023			$	13,360					$	1,088					$	1,408					$	9,696					$	2					$	114					$	—					$	25,668

(3) The provision on credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 does not include the credit on unfunded loan commitments of $94,000.

(4) The provision on credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 does not include the credit on unfunded loan commitments of $1.4 million.

The following tables summarize, by loan portfolio segment, the amount of loans receivable evaluated individually and collectively for allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2024:

(In thousands)			Commercial Real Estate						Residential Real Estate						Commercial and Industrial						Consumer and Other						Construction						Construction to  Permanent  - CRE												Total
September 30, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated loans			$	7,010					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—											$	7,010
Collectively evaluated loans			2,035						608						1,056						4,273						2						—												7,974
Total allowance for credit losses			$	9,045					$	608					$	1,056					$	4,273					$	2					$	—											$	14,984
Loans receivable, gross:
Individually evaluated loans			$	28,254					$	—					$	4,378					$	—					$	—					$	2,357											$	34,989
Collectively evaluated loans			423,901						94,579						129,955						68,418						3,829						—												720,682
Total loans receivable, gross			$	452,155					$	94,579					$	134,333					$	68,418					$	3,829					$	2,357											$	755,671

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize, by loan portfolio, the amount of loans receivable evaluated individually and collectively for allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)			Commercial Real Estate						Residential Real Estate						Commercial and Industrial						Consumer and Other						Construction						Construction to Permanent - CRE												Total
December 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated loans			$	3,813					$	—					$	392					$	—					$	—					$	—											$	4,205
Collectively evaluated loans			2,276						607						877						7,843						4						113												11,720
Total allowance for credit losses			$	6,089					$	607					$	1,269					$	7,843					$	4					$	113											$	15,925
Loans receivable, gross:
Individually evaluated loans			$	12,775					$	—					$	3,904					$	—					$	454					$	—											$	17,133
Collectively evaluated loans			459,318						106,783						159,661						99,688						3,812						2,464												831,726
Total loans receivable, gross			$	472,093					$	106,783					$	163,565					$	99,688					$	4,266					$	2,464											$	848,859

Patriot monitors the credit quality of its loans receivable on an ongoing basis. Credit quality is monitored by reviewing certain indicators, including cash flow from business operations, loan to value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, and credit scores.

Patriot employs a risk rating system as part of the risk assessment of its loan portfolio. At origination, credit officers are required to assign a risk rating to each loan in their portfolio, which is ratified or modified by the Loan Committee to which the loan is submitted for approval. If financial developments occur on a loan in the credit officer’s portfolio of responsibility, the risk rating is reviewed and adjusted, as applicable. In carrying out its oversight responsibilities, the Loan Committee can adjust a risk rating based on available information. In addition, the risk ratings on all commercial loans over $250,000 are reviewed by the Credit Department either annually or biannually, or every 4 years, depending upon the amount of the bank’s exposure and other credit metrics.

Additionally, Patriot retains an independent third-party loan review firm to perform a semi-annual analysis of the results of its risk rating process. The semi-annual review is based on a randomly selected sample of loans within established parameters (e.g., value, concentration), in order to assess and validate the risk ratings assigned to individual loans. Any changes to the assigned risk ratings, based on the semi-annual review, are required to be reported to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

When assigning a risk rating to a loan, management utilizes the Bank’s internal eleven-point risk rating system. An asset is considered “special mention” when it has a potential weakness based on objective evidence, but does not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the following categories:

•Substandard: An asset is classified “substandard” if it is not adequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets have well defined weaknesses based on objective evidence, and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss, if noted deficiencies are not corrected.

•Doubtful: Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified as “substandard”, with the added characteristic that the identified weaknesses make collection or liquidation-in-full improbable, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values.

Charge-offs of loans to reduce the loan to its recoverable value that are solely collateral dependent, generally occur immediately upon confirmation of the partial loss amount. Loans that are cash flow dependent are modeled to reflect the expected cash flows through expected loan maturity, including any proceeds from refinancing or principal curtailment. A specific reserve is established for the amount by which the net investment in the loan exceeds the present value of discounted cash flows. Charge-offs on cash flow dependent loans also generally occur immediately upon confirmation of the partial loss amount. If either type of loan is classified as "Loss”, meaning full loss on the loan is expected, the full balance of the loan receivable is charged off, regardless of the potential recovery from a sale of the underlying collateral. Any amount that may be recovered on the sale of collateral underlying a loan is recognized as a “recovery” in the period in which the collateral is sold. In accordance with Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council published policies establishing uniform criteria for the classification of retail credit based on delinquency status, “Open-end” and “Closed-end” credits are charged off when 180 days and 90 days delinquent, respectively. Loans receivable that are part of the unsecured loan purchase program are charged-off in full when the loan is 90 days past due.

The allowance for credit losses may increase to reflect the decline in the performance of the loan portfolio and the higher level of incurred losses.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Loan Portfolio Vintage Analysis

The following tables summarize loan amortized cost by vintage, credit quality indicator, class of loans and charge-offs based on year of origination as of September 30, 2024:

			Term of Loans by Origination
As of September 30, 2024:			2024						2023						2022						2021						2020						Prior						Revolving						Total Loans Receivable Gross
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass			$	—					$	106,912					$	130,761					$	89,463					$	3,331					$	74,427					$	—					$	404,894
Special mention			—						—						12,693						899						—						436						—						14,028
Substandard			—						867						3,974						17,252						233						10,907						—						33,233
Total			—						107,779						147,428						107,614						3,564						85,770						—						452,155
Current period gross charge-offs			—						—						—						—						—						282						—						282
Residential Real Estate:
Pass			373						—						1,227						2,831						9,633						77,192						741						91,997
Special mention			—						—						—						—						1,053						1,398						—						2,451
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						131						—						131
Total			373						—						1,227						2,831						10,686						78,721						741						94,579
Current period gross charge-offs			—						—						—						—						—						21						—						21
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass			872						2,785						14,230						20,564						1,003						6,337						78,612						124,403
Special mention			—						5						19						40						—						887						750						1,701
Substandard			—						263						505						843						5,706						808						104						8,229
Total			872						3,053						14,754						21,447						6,709						8,032						79,466						134,333
Current period gross charge-offs			—						—						—						—						—						936						—						936
Consumer and Other:
Pass			282						3,247						20,085						2,346						—						16,517						24,545						67,022
Substandard			—						59						459						19						—						424						435						1,396
Total			282						3,306						20,544						2,365						—						16,941						24,980						68,418
Current period gross charge-offs			—						253						4,900						485						—						—						—						5,638
Construction:
Pass			—						—						—						3,829						—						—						—						3,829
Total			—						—						—						3,829						—						—						—						3,829
Construction to Permanent - CRE:
Substandard			—						—						—						2,357						—						—						—						2,357
Total			—						—						—						2,357						—						—						—						2,357
Total loans			$	1,527					$	114,138					$	183,953					$	140,443					$	20,959					$	189,464					$	105,187					$	755,671
Total Current period gross charge-offs			$	—					$	253					$	4,900					$	485					$	—					$	1,239					$	—					$	6,877
Loans receivable, gross:
Pass			$	1,527					$	112,944					$	166,303					$	119,033					$	13,967					$	174,473					$	103,898					$	692,145
Special mention			—						5						12,712						939						1,053						2,721						750						18,180
Substandard			—						1,189						4,938						20,471						5,939						12,270						539						45,346
Total Loans receivable, gross			$	1,527					$	114,138					$	183,953					$	140,443					$	20,959					$	189,464					$	105,187					$	755,671
Current period gross charge-offs			$	—					$	253					$	4,900					$	485					$	—					$	1,239					$	—					$	6,877

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize loan amortized cost by vintage, credit quality indicator, class of loans and charge-offs based on year of origination as of December 31, 2023:

			Term of Loans by Origination
As of December 31, 2023:			2023						2022						2021						2020						2019						Prior						Revolving						Total Loans Receivable Gross
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass			$	104,683					$	138,091					$	111,308					$	3,401					$	31,832					$	63,526					$	—					$	452,841
Special mention			—						6,482						—						—						—						—						—						6,482
Substandard			—						1,799						—						280						10,000						691						—						12,770
Total			104,683						146,372						111,308						3,681						41,832						64,217						—						472,093
Current period gross charge-offs			—						—						—						—						6,341						5						—						6,346
Residential Real Estate:
Pass			—						1,251						2,975						11,577						15,770						74,596						614						106,783
Total			—						1,251						2,975						11,577						15,770						74,596						614						106,783
Current period gross charge-offs			—						—						—						—						—						515						—						515
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass			2,696						13,916						23,099						8,004						9,578						7,024						96,431						160,748
Special mention			6						348						—						—						37						11						104						506
Substandard			16						—						801						—						401						1,093						—						2,311
Total			2,718						14,264						23,900						8,004						10,016						8,128						96,535						163,565
Current period gross charge-offs			—						182						85						—						516						144						—						927
Consumer and Other:
Pass			6,470						36,668						4,724						—						5,590						14,314						30,945						98,711
Substandard			197						645						61						—						—						—						74						977
Total			6,667						37,313						4,785						—						5,590						14,314						31,019						99,688
Current period gross charge-offs			114						9,013						1,280						—						6						66						—						10,479
Construction:
Pass			—						—						3,812						—						—						—						—						3,812
Substandard			—						—						—						—						454						—						—						454
Total			—						—						3,812						—						454						—						—						4,266
Current period gross charge-offs			—						—						150						—						—						—						—						150
Construction to Permanent - CRE:
Special mention			—						—						2,464						—						—						—						—						2,464
Total			—						—						2,464						—						—						—						—						2,464
Total loans			$	114,068					$	199,200					$	149,244					$	23,262					$	73,662					$	161,255					$	128,168					$	848,859
Total Current period gross charge-offs			$	114					$	9,195					$	1,515					$	—					$	6,863					$	730					$	—					$	18,417
Loans receivable, gross:
Pass			$	113,849					$	189,926					$	145,918					$	22,982					$	62,770					$	159,460					$	127,990					$	822,895
Special mention			6						6,830						2,464						—						37						11						104						9,452
Substandard			213						2,444						862						280						10,855						1,784						74						16,512
Loans receivable, gross			$	114,068					$	199,200					$	149,244					$	23,262					$	73,662					$	161,255					$	128,168					$	848,859
Total Current period gross charge-offs			$	114					$	9,195					$	1,515					$	—					$	6,863					$	730					$	—					$	18,417

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Loan Portfolio Aging Analysis

The following tables summarize performing and non-performing (i.e., non-accruing) loans receivable by portfolio segment, by aging category, by delinquency status as of September 30, 2024:

(In thousands)						Performing (Accruing) Loans
As of September 30, 2024:						30 - 59 Days Past Due						60 - 89 Days Past Due						90 Days or Greater Past Due						Total Past Due						Current						Total Performing Loans						Non- accruing Loans						Loans Receivable Gross
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass						$	185					$	—					$	—					$	185					$	401,524					$	401,709					$	3,185					$	404,894
Special mention						770						—						—						770						13,258						14,028						—						14,028
Substandard						306						—						3,979						4,285						3,878						8,163						25,070						33,233
						1,261						—						3,979						5,240						418,660						423,900						28,255						452,155
Residential Real Estate:
Pass						—						—						—						—						91,997						91,997						—						91,997
Special mention						—						—						—						—						2,451						2,451						—						2,451
Substandard						—						—						—						—						—						—						131						131
						—						—						—						—						94,448						94,448						131						94,579
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass						—						1,111						—						1,111						120,184						121,295						3,108						124,403
Special mention						19						—						—						19						1,682						1,701						—						1,701
Substandard						604						350						—						954						5,986						6,940						1,289						8,229
						623						1,461						—						2,084						127,852						129,936						4,397						134,333
Consumer and Other:
Pass						810						508						—						1,318						65,704						67,022						—						67,022
Substandard						—						—						—						—						—						—						1,396						1,396
						810						508						—						1,318						65,704						67,022						1,396						68,418
Construction:
Pass						—						—						—						—						3,829						3,829						—						3,829
						—						—						—						—						3,829						3,829						—						3,829
Construction to Permanent - CRE:
Substandard						—						—						—						—						—						—						2,357						2,357
						—						—						—						—						—						—						2,357						2,357
Total						$	2,694					$	1,969					$	3,979					$	8,642					$	710,493					$	719,135					$	36,536					$	755,671
Loans receivable, gross:
Pass						$	995					$	1,619					$	—					$	2,614					$	683,238					$	685,852					$	6,293					$	692,145
Special mention						789						—						—						789						17,391						18,180						—						18,180
Substandard						910						350						3,979						5,239						9,864						15,103						30,243						45,346
Loans receivable, gross						$	2,694					$	1,969					$	3,979					$	8,642					$	710,493					$	719,135					$	36,536					$	755,671

As of September 30, 2024, the loan 90 days past due and still accruing of $4.0 million, represented a 50% participation in a matured CRE loan for which an extension has been agreed to in exchange for a principal reduction and cash collateral, both of which have been deposited with lead bank pending documentation.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize performing and non-performing loans (i.e., non-accruing) receivable by portfolio segment, by aging category, by delinquency status as of December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)						Performing (Accruing) Loans
As of December 31, 2023:						30 - 59 Days Past Due						60 - 89 Days Past Due						90 Days or Greater Past Due						Total Past Due						Current						Total Performing Loans						Non- accruing Loans						Loans Receivable Gross
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass						$	2,274					$	231					$	—					$	2,505					$	448,707					$	451,212					$	1,629					$	452,841
Special mention						—						—						—						—						6,482						6,482						—						6,482
Substandard						—						—						—						—						1,624						1,624						11,146						12,770
						2,274						231						—						2,505						456,813						459,318						12,775						472,093
Residential Real Estate:
Pass						1,439						—						—						1,439						105,344						106,783						—						106,783
						1,439						—						—						1,439						105,344						106,783						—						106,783
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass						420						10						—						430						157,335						157,765						2,983						160,748
Special mention						—						348						—						348						158						506						—						506
Substandard						526						—						—						526						847						1,373						938						2,311
						946						358						—						1,304						158,340						159,644						3,921						163,565
Consumer and Other:
Pass						1,327						1,015						341						2,683						96,028						98,711						—						98,711
Substandard						—						—						—						—						—						—						977						977
						1,327						1,015						341						2,683						96,028						98,711						977						99,688
Construction:
Pass						—						—						—						—						3,812						3,812						—						3,812
Substandard						—						—						—						—						—						—						454						454
						—						—						—						—						3,812						3,812						454						4,266
Construction to Permanent - CRE:
Special mention						—						—						—						—						2,464						2,464						—						2,464
						—						—						—						—						2,464						2,464						—						2,464
Total						$	5,986					$	1,604					$	341					$	7,931					$	822,801					$	830,732					$	18,127					$	848,859
Loans receivable, gross:
Pass						$	5,460					$	1,256					$	341					$	7,057					$	811,226					$	818,283					$	4,612					$	822,895
Special mention						—						348						—						348						9,104						9,452						—						9,452
Substandard						526						—						—						526						2,471						2,997						13,515						16,512
Loans receivable, gross						$	5,986					$	1,604					$	341					$	7,931					$	822,801					$	830,732					$	18,127					$	848,859

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize non-performing (i.e., non-accruing) loans by aging category and status, within the applicable loan portfolio segment as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)						Non-accruing Loans
						30 - 59 Days Past Due						60 - 89 Days Past Due						90 Days or Greater Past Due						Total Past Due						Current						Total Non-accruing Loans
As of September 30, 2024:
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass						$	—					$	—					$	3,185					$	3,185					$	—					$	3,185
Substandard						—						—						16,055						16,055						9,015						25,070
Residential Real Estate:
Substandard						—						—						131						131						—						131
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass						—						—						2,660						2,660						448						3,108
Substandard						—						4						991						995						294						1,289
Consumer and Other:
Substandard						—						1						1,395						1,396						—						1,396
Construction to permanent - CRE:
Substandard						—						—						2,357						2,357						—						2,357
Total non-accruing loans						$	—					$	5					$	26,774					$	26,779					$	9,757					$	36,536
As of December 31, 2023:
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass						$	—					$	—					$	1,629					$	1,629					$	—					$	1,629
Substandard						—						770						439						1,209						9,937						11,146
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass						—						—						2,054						2,054						929						2,983
Substandard						—						371						535						906						32						938
Consumer and Other:
Substandard						—						16						887						903						74						977
Construction:
Substandard						—						—						—						—						454						454
Total non-accruing loans						$	—					$	1,157					$	5,544					$	6,701					$	11,426					$	18,127

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due for payment unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection. Consumer loans are typically charged-off when they become 120 days past due (180 days for open ended consumer credit). Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual status or charged-off, at an earlier date, if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued, but not collected for loans that are placed on non-accrual status or charged-off, is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is generally accounted for on the cash-basis method until qualifying for return to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, future payments are reasonably assured, after at least six months of timely payment history. The Bank considers loans under $100,000 and consumer installment loans to be pools of smaller homogeneous loan balances, and therefore are collectively evaluated for credit losses, and not individually measured for credit losses.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

If non-accrual loans had been performing in accordance with the original contractual terms, additional interest income (net of cash collected) of approximately $894,000 and $2.2 million would have been recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, additional interest income (net of cash collected) of approximately $328,000 and $605,000 would have been recognized, respectively.

Interest income collected and recognized on non-accruing loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $325,000 and $543,000, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, interest income collected and recognized on non-accruing loans was $152,000 and $396,000, respectively.

Individually Evaluated Loans

The following table reflects information about the individually evaluated loans by class as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)			September 30, 2024																		December 31, 2023
			Recorded Investment						Principal Outstanding						Related Allowance						Recorded Investment						Principal Outstanding						Related Allowance
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate			$	3,808					$	4,498					$	—					$	2,838					$	5,879					$	—
Commercial and Industrial			4,378						5,432						—						2,266						2,899						—
Construction			—						—						—						454						461						—
Construction to permanent - CRE			2,357						2,476						—						—						—						—
			10,543						12,406						—						5,558						9,239						—
With a related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate			24,446						25,367						7,010						9,937						10,137						3,813
Commercial and Industrial			—						—						—						1,638						3,159						392
			24,446						25,367						7,010						11,575						13,296						4,205
Individually evaluated loans, Total:
Commercial Real Estate			28,254						29,865						7,010						12,775						16,016						3,813
Commercial and Industrial			4,378						5,432						—						3,904						6,058						392
Construction			—						—						—						454						461						—
Construction to permanent - CRE			2,357						2,476						—						—						—						—
Total			$	34,989					$	37,773					$	7,010					$	17,133					$	22,535					$	4,205

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table summarizes additional information regarding individually evaluated loans by class for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

			Three Month Ended September 30,																								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)			2024												2023												2024												2023
			Average Recorded Investment						Interest Income Recognized						Average Recorded Investment						Interest Income Recognized						Average Recorded Investment						Interest Income Recognized						Average Recorded Investment						Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate			$	3,923					$	—					$	384					$	—					$	3,922					$	—					$	591					$	—
Residential Real Estate			—						—						183						—						—						—						694						—
Commercial and Industrial			4,479						125						3,246						97						3,720						236						2,639						212
Consumer and Other			—						—						—						—						—						—						205						—
Construction			—						—						362						—						—						—						840						—
Construction to permanent - CRE			2,357						—						—						—						2,411						—						—						—
			10,759						125						4,175						97						10,053						236						4,969						212
With a related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate			24,627						59						10,405						—						25,018						274						13,833						15
Residential Real Estate			—						—						1,352						—						—						—						1,514						—
Commercial and Industrial			—						—						4,052						55						—						—						3,821						169
Consumer and Other			—						—						18						—						—						—						7						—
			24,627						59						15,827						55						25,018						274						19,175						184
Individually evaluated loans, Total:
Commercial Real Estate			28,550						59						10,789						—						28,940						274						14,424						15
Residential Real Estate			—						—						1,535						—						—						—						2,208						—
Commercial and Industrial			4,479						125						7,298						152						3,720						236						6,460						381
Consumer and Other			—						—						18						—						—						—						212						—
Construction			—						—						362						—						—						—						840						—
Construction to permanent - CRE			2,357						—						—						—						2,411						—						—						—
Total			$	35,386					$	184					$	20,002					$	152					$	35,071					$	510					$	24,144					$	396

Credit losses for loans that no longer share similar risk characteristics with the collectively evaluated pools are excluded from the collective evaluation and estimated on an individual basis (individually evaluated loans). Individual evaluations are performed for nonaccrual loans in excess of $100,000 as well as selected substandard loans. Specific allowances were estimated based on one of several methods, including the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, observable market value of similar debt or the present value of expected cash flows.

For collateral dependent loans, appraisal reports of the underlying collateral have been obtained from independent licensed appraisal firms. For non-performing loans, the independently determined appraised values were first reduced by a 5.8% discount to reflect the Bank’s experience selling Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO") properties, and were further reduced by 8% in selling costs, in order to estimate the potential loss, if any, that may eventually be realized. Performing loans are monitored to determine when, if at all, additional credit loss reserves may be required for a loss of underlying collateral value. For cash flow dependent loans, the Bank determined the reserve based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate.

Loans not requiring specific reserves had fair values exceeding the total recorded investment, supporting the net investment in the loan which includes principal balance, unamortized fees and costs and accrued interest, if any. Once a borrower is in default, Patriot is under no obligation to advance additional funds on unused commitments.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

On a case-by-case basis, Patriot may agree to modify the contractual terms of a borrower’s loan to assist customers who may be experiencing financial difficulty. Substantially all loan modifications involve lowering the monthly payments on such loans through either a reduction in interest rate below market rate, an extension of the term of the loan, or a combination of adjusting these two contractual attributes. Loan modifications may also result in the forgiveness of principal or accrued interest. In addition, when modifying commercial loans, Patriot frequently obtains additional collateral or guarantor support. If the borrower has performed under the existing contractual terms of the loan and Patriot’s underwriters determine that the borrower has the capacity to continue to perform under the terms of the loan, the loan continues accruing interest. Non-accruing modified loans may be returned to accrual status when there has been a sustained period of performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are reasonably assured of collection.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no modified loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were no modified loans that had a payment default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no commitments to advance additional funds under the modified loans.

Note 5.    Loans Held for Sale

SBA Loans held for sale

SBA Loans held for sale represent the guaranteed portion of SBA loans originated and are reflected at the lower of aggregate cost or market value. As of September 30, 2024, there were no SBA loans held for sale. There were $9.9 million SBA loans held for sale at December 31, 2023, consisting of $3.5 million SBA commercial and industrial loans and $6.4 million SBA commercial real estate loans. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, $5.5 million SBA loans previously classified as held for sale were transferred to held for investment. No SBA held for sale loans were transferred to held for investment in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The Company generally sells the guaranteed portion of its SBA loans to a third party and retains the servicing, holding the unguaranteed portion in its portfolio. When sales of SBA loans do occur, the premium received on the sale and the present value of future cash flows of the servicing assets, less the discount of the retained portion of the loan are recognized in income.

Servicing assets represent the estimated fair value of retained servicing rights, net of servicing costs, at the time loans are sold. Servicing assets are amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing revenues. Impairment will be evaluated based on stratifying the underlying financial assets by date of origination and term. Fair value is determined using prices for similar assets with similar characteristics, when available, or based upon discounted cash flows using market-based assumptions. Any impairment, if temporary, would be reported as a valuation allowance.

Serviced loans sold to others are not included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The total amount of such loans serviced, but owned by a third party, amounted to approximately $46.0 million and $47.5 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the servicing asset has a carrying value of $791,000 and $857,000, respectively, and fair value of $848,000 and $932,000, respectively. Income and fees collected for loan servicing are credited to noninterest income when earned, net of amortization on the related servicing assets. The servicing asset is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents an analysis of the activity in the SBA servicing assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

(In thousands)			Three Month Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
Beginning balance			$	790					$	882					$	857					$	886
Servicing rights capitalized			38						27						111						85
Servicing rights amortized			(15)						(23)						(49)						(45)
Servicing rights disposed			(22)						(7)						(128)						(47)
Ending balance			$	791					$	879					$	791					$	879

Loans held for sale - Consumer Loans

The Bank's Digital Payments Division has entered into a Program Management Agreement with a Buyer. Under the agreement, Patriot originates various types of consumer loans that are marketed by the buyer. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank had credit card loans held for sale totaling $10.2 million and $10.8 million, respectively. The credit card loans expected to be held for no longer than three days before being sold to the buyer. The credit card loans are fully cash-secured by deposits at Patriot. The credit card loans are sold to the buyer as a whole loan sale transaction, priced at par, thus there is no servicing asset or gain or loss on sale.

Loans held for sale Residential Mortgage Loans

In 2024, the Bank reentered the residential mortgage business. The Residential Mortgage Division, located in Jacksonville, FL, generates the loans and typically sells them to third parties. As of September 30, 2024, the Company reported residential mortgage loans held for sale totaling $3.5 million. These loans are recorded at the lower of aggregate cost or market value. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, a total gain on sale of $10,000 and $24,000 was recorded, respectively. A servicing asset of $8,000 was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Note 6.    Deposits

The following table presents the balance of deposits held, by category as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)						September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Non-interest bearing						$	91,583					$	110,056
Interest bearing:
Negotiable order of withdrawal accounts						27,984						33,035
Savings deposits						38,824						44,104
Interest bearing DDA						183,132						171,577
Money market						178,479						200,280
Certificates of deposit, $250,000 or less						167,788						175,988
Certificates of deposit, more than $250,000						65,022						64,745
Brokered deposits						72,077						40,526
Interest bearing, Total						733,306						730,255
Total Deposits						$	824,889					$	840,311

The deposits from Digital Payments Division are included in the non-interest-bearing deposits, interest bearing DDA and money market deposits, and totaled approximately $235.1 million and $213.4 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

As of September 30, 2024, contractual maturities of Certificates of Deposit (“CDs”), and brokered deposits is summarized as follows:

(In thousands)			Certificates of Deposit $250,000 or less						Certificates of Deposit more than $250,000						Brokered Deposits						Total
1 year or less			$	143,289					$	52,906					$	17,334					$	213,529
More than 1 year through 2 years			20,292						9,464						49,701						79,457
More than 2 years through 3 years			3,935						2,652						5,042						11,629
More than 3 years through 4 years			69						—						—						69
More than 4 years through 5 years			203						—						—						203
			$	167,788					$	65,022					$	72,077					$	304,887

Note 7.    Derivatives

Derivatives Not Designated in Hedge Relationships

Patriot is party to interest rate swap derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments. Under a program, Patriot will execute interest rate swaps with commercial lending customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. These interest rate swaps with customers are simultaneously offset by interest rate swaps that Patriot executes with a third party, such that Patriot minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. Because the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings. The changes in the fair value of the swaps offset each other, except for the credit risk of the counterparties, which is determined by taking into consideration the risk rating, probability of default and loss given default for all counterparties.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, Patriot did not have any cash pledged for collateral on its interest rate swaps. No net gain or loss was recognized in other noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Information about the valuation methods used to measure the fair value of derivatives is provided in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table presents summary information regarding these derivatives for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

(In thousands)			Notional Amount						Maturity (Years)						Fixed Rate						Variable Rate						Fair Value
September 30, 2024
Classified in Other Assets:
3rd party interest rate swap			$	1,300					4.80						4.38		%				1 Mo. SOFR + 2.00%						$	50
Classified in Other Liabilities:
Customer interest rate swap			1,300						4.80						4.38		%				1 Mo. SOFR + 2.00%						(50)
December 31, 2023
Classified in Other Assets:
3rd party interest rate swap			1,327						5.50						4.38		%				1 Mo. SOFR + 2.00%						74
Classified in Other Liabilities:
Customer interest rate swap			1,327						5.50						4.38		%				1 Mo. SOFR + 2.00%						(74)

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 8.     Share-Based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plan

In 2011, the Company adopted the Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. 2012 Stock Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan was amended in 2020 and renamed as the Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. 2020 Restricted Stock Award Plan (the “2020 Plan”). A copy of the 2020 Plan was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed on April 30, 2021. The 2020 Plan provides an incentive to directors and employees of the Company by the grant of restricted stock awards (“RSA”).On November 10, 2022, the Board of Directors approved the Amendment and Restatement of the 2020 Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2020 Plan”), which was approved and ratified by shareholders of the Company on December 14, 2022.

The 2020 Plan was amended primarily to (i) reduce the total number of shares authorized for issuance thereunder from 3,000,000 shares to 400,000 shares; and (ii) limit the maximum number of shares of Company’s Common Stock granted during a single fiscal year to any non-employee director, together with any cash fees paid to such director, to be no more than a total value of $300,000. As of September 30, 2024, 74,540 shares of stock were available for issuance under the Plan. In accordance with the terms of the Plan, the vesting of RSAs may be accelerated at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee sets the terms and conditions applicable to the vesting of RSAs. RSAs granted to directors and employees generally vest in quarterly or annual installments over a three, four or five year period from the date of grant.

The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s restricted shares and changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Three months ended September 30, 2024:						Number of Shares Awarded						Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at June 30, 2024						108,839						$4.16
Granted						53,125						$1.60
Unvested at September 30, 2024						161,964						$3.32
Nine months ended September 30, 2024:
Unvested at December 31, 2023						17,506						$6.09
Granted						144,458						$2.98
Unvested at September 30, 2024						161,964						$3.32

Three months ended September 30, 2023						Number of Shares Awarded						Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at June 30, 2023						22,660						$7.11
Granted						4,761						$9.04
Unvested at September 30, 2023						27,421						$7.45
Nine months ended September 30, 2023:
Unvested at December 31, 2022						22,660						$7.11
Granted						4,761						$9.04
Unvested at September 30, 2023						27,421						$7.45

The Company recognizes compensation expense for all director and employee share-based compensation awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is equal to the vesting schedule of each award, for each vesting portion of an award equal to its grant date fair value.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Unrecognized compensation expense attributable to the unvested restricted shares outstanding as of September 30, 2024 amounted to $493,000, which amount is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining life of the awards of 2.4 years.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized total share-based compensation expense of $55,000 and $120,000, respectively. The share-based compensation attributable to employees of Patriot amounted to $43,000 and $88,000, respectively. Included in share-based compensation expense attributable to Patriot’s external directors, were $12,000 and $32,000, respectively. The directors received total compensation of $56,000 and $184,000 respectively, which amounts are included in other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized total share-based compensation expense of $31,000 and $77,000, respectively. The share-based compensation attributable to employees of Patriot amounted to $14,000 and $42,000, respectively. Included in share-based compensation expense were $16,000 and $34,000 attributable to Patriot’s external directors, who received total compensation of $73,000 and $181,000 for each of those periods, respectively.

Dividends

The Company has not paid any dividends since 2020 and has no present plans to pay dividends.

Retirement Plan

Patriot offers employees participation in the Patriot Bank, N.A. 401(k) Savings Plan (the "401(k) Plan") under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, along with the ROTH feature to the Plan. The 401(k) Plan covers substantially all employees who have completed one month of service, are 21 years of age and who elect to participate. Under the terms of the 401(k) Plan, participants can contribute up to the maximum amount allowed, subject to Federal limitations. At its discretion, Patriot may match eligible participating employee contributions at the rate of 50% of the first 6% of the participants’ salary contributed to the 401(k) Plan. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, Patriot made matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan of $68,000 and $236,000, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compensation expense under the 401(k) aggregated $71,000 and $228,000, respectively.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 9.    Earnings per share

The Company is required to present basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share in its Consolidated Statements of Operations. Basic earnings per share amounts are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if potentially dilutive shares of common stock had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential shares of common stock that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding unvested RSAs granted to directors and employees. The dilutive effect resulting from these potential shares is determined using the treasury stock method. The Company is also required to provide a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the computation of both basic and diluted earnings per share.

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

(Net loss in thousands)			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
Basis loss per share:
Net loss attributable to Common shareholders			$	(26,954)					$	(3,770)					$	(30,334)					$	(5,084)
Divided by:
Weighted average shares outstanding			3,976,073						3,965,186						3,976,073						3,965,186
Basic loss per share of common stock			$	(6.78)					$	(0.95)					$	(7.63)					$	(1.28)
Diluted loss per share:
Net loss attributable to Common shareholders			$	(26,954)					$	(3,770)					$	(30,334)					$	(5,084)
Weighted average shares outstanding			3,976,073						3,965,186						3,976,073						3,965,186
Effect of potentially dilutive restricted shares of common stock			—			(1)			—			(2)			—			(3)			—			(4)
Divided by:
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding			3,976,073						3,965,186						3,976,073						3,965,186
Diluted loss per share of common stock			$	(6.78)					$	(0.95)					$	(7.63)					$	(1.28)

(1)			The weighted average diluted shares outstanding does not include 91,697 anti-dilutive restricted shares of common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
(2)			The weighted average diluted shares outstanding does not include 1,651 anti-dilutive restricted shares of common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
(3)			The weighted average diluted shares outstanding does not include 44,296 anti-dilutive restricted shares of common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
(4)			The weighted average diluted shares outstanding does not include 3,009 anti-dilutive restricted shares of common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 10. Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk

In the normal course of business, Patriot is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the balance sheet. The contractual amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement Patriot has in particular classes of financial instruments.

The contractual amount of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit represents the maximum amount of potential accounting loss should: the contract be fully drawn upon; the customer default; and the value of any existing collateral become worthless. Patriot applies its credit policies to entering commitments and conditional obligations and, as with its lending activates, evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. Management believes that it effectively mitigates the credit risk of these financial instruments through its credit approval processes, establishing credit limits, monitoring the on-going creditworthiness of recipients and grantees, and the receipt of collateral as deemed necessary.

Financial instruments with credit risk at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:

(In thousands)						September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Commitments to extend credit:
Unused lines of credit						$	70,762					$	63,435
Undisbursed construction loans						861						2,607
Home equity lines of credit						24,997						26,488
						$	96,620					$	92,530

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses, and may require payment of a fee by the borrower. Since these commitments could expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary upon extending credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies, but may include commercial property, residential property, deposits and securities. Patriot has established an allowance for credit loss of $177,000 and $271,000 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

Standby letters of credit are written commitments issued by Patriot to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Guarantees that are not derivative contracts are recorded at fair value and included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

As of September 30, 2024, the Bank has an irrevocable stand-by letter of credit for a maximum of $45 million, issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston on behalf of the Bank, with Mastercard as the beneficiary, which expires on April 30, 2025.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 11. Regulatory and Operational Matters

Federal and state regulatory authorities have adopted standards requiring financial institutions to maintain increased levels of capital. Effective January 1, 2015, federal banking agencies imposed four minimum capital requirements on a community bank’s risk-based capital ratios consisting of Total Capital, Tier 1 Capital, Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) Capital, and a Tier 1 Leverage Capital ratio. The risk-based capital ratios measure the adequacy of a bank's capital against the riskiness of its on- and off-balance sheet assets and activities. Failure to maintain adequate capital is a basis for "prompt corrective action" or other regulatory enforcement action. In assessing a bank's capital adequacy, regulators also consider other factors such as interest rate risk exposure, liquidity, funding and market risks, quality and level of earnings, concentrations of credit, quality of loans and investments, nontraditional activity risk, policy effectiveness, and management's overall ability to monitor and control risk.

In September 2019, the community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”) framework was jointly issued by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) and FRB. The final rule gives qualifying community banks the option to use a simplified measure of capital adequacy instead of risk based capital, beginning with their March 31, 2020 Call Report. Under the final rule a community bank may qualify for the CBLR framework if it has a Tier 1 leverage ratio of greater than 9%, less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities. The CARES Act directed the federal banking agencies to issue an interim rule temporarily lowering the CBLR ratio to 8% which the agencies did with a transition back to 9% beginning January 1, 2022.

Capital adequacy is one of the most important factors used to determine the safety and soundness of individual banks and the banking system. A community bank which meets the leverage ratio requirement and other CBLR framework requirements will not be subject to other capital and leverage requirements and will be considered "well capitalized."

From September 2021 to September 30, 2023, the Company elected to adopt the CBLR framework. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company elected to use the instituted regulatory risk-based capital approach.

Under the instituted regulatory framework, to be considered “well capitalized”, a financial institution must generally have a Total Capital ratio of at least 10%, a Tier 1 Capital ratio of at least 8.0%, a CET1 Capital ratio at least 6.5%, and a Tier 1 Leverage Capital ratio of at least 5%. However, regardless of a financial institution’s ratios, the OCC may require increased capital ratios or impose dividend restrictions based on the other factors it considers in assessing a bank’s capital adequacy. Under the final capital rules that became effective on January 1, 2015, there was a requirement for a CET1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, which is in addition to the other minimum risk-based capital standards in the rule. Institutions that do not maintain this required capital buffer become subject to progressively more stringent limitations on the percentage of earnings that may be distributed to shareholders or used for stock repurchases and on the payment of discretionary bonuses to senior executive management. The capital conversation buffer of 2.5% has been included in the minimum capital adequacy ratios as of September 30, 2024.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The Company and Bank’s regulatory capital amounts and ratios at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:

						September 30, 2024																								December 31, 2023
						Patriot National Bancorp, Inc.												Patriot Bank, N.A.												Patriot National Bancorp, Inc.												Patriot Bank, N.A.
(Dollar amounts in thousands)						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets):
Actual						$	61,681					7.82		%				$	73,206					9.29		%				$	89,727					10.00		%				$	100,683					11.22		%
To be Well Capitalized			(1)			—						—						78,837						10.00		%				—						—						89,732						10.00		%
For capital adequacy with Capital Buffer			(2)			—						—						82,779						10.50		%				—						—						94,218						10.50		%
For capital adequacy						63,090						8.00		%				63,070						8.00		%				71,788						8.00		%				71,785						8.00		%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets):
Actual						43,018						5.45		%				64,543						8.19		%				73,282						8.17		%				94,238						10.50		%
To be Well Capitalized			(1)			—						—						63,070						8.00		%				—						—						71,785						8.00		%
For capital adequacy with Capital Buffer			(2)			—						—						67,012						8.50		%				—						—						76,272						8.50		%
For capital adequacy						47,317						6.00		%				47,302						6.00		%				53,841						6.00		%				53,839						6.00		%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets):
Actual						35,018						4.44		%				64,543						8.19		%				65,282						7.27		%				94,238						10.50		%
To be Well Capitalized			(1)			—						—						51,244						6.50		%				—						—						58,325						6.50		%
For capital adequacy with Capital Buffer			(2)			—						—						55,186						7.00		%				—						—						62,812						7.00		%
For capital adequacy						35,488						4.50		%				35,477						4.50		%				40,381						4.50		%				40,379						4.50		%
Tier 1 Leverage Capital (to average assets):
Actual						43,018						4.35		%				64,543						6.53		%				73,282						6.76		%				94,238						8.70		%
To be Well Capitalized			(1)			—						—						49,383						5.00		%				—						—						54,170						5.00		%
For capital adequacy						39,516						4.00		%				39,506						4.00		%				43,339						4.00		%				43,336						4.00		%

(1) Designation as "Well Capitalized" does not apply to bank holding companies - the Company. Such categorization of capital adequacy only applies to insured depository institutions - the Bank.

(2) The Capital Conservation Buffer implemented by the FDIC began to be phased in beginning January 1, 2016. It was not applicable to periods prior to that date and does not apply to bank holding companies - the Company.

On April 17, 2024, based on its supervisory profile, the Bank was notified by the OCC that it established individual minimum capital ratios (IMCR) for the Bank. Specifically, the Bank is required to maintain the following ratios: a common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 10.00%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 10.00%, a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 9.00% and a total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets of 11.50%.

As of September 30, 2024, the Bank did not meet all of its regulatory capital requirements. The common equity tier 1 capital was $64.5 million, or 8.19% of risk-weighted assets, below the required level of 10.00%. The Tier 1 capital was $64.5 million, or 8.19% of risk-weighted assets, also below the required level of 10.00%. The Tier 1 leverage capital was $64.5 million, or 6.53% of average assets, falling short of the required 9.00%. The total risk-based capital was $73.2 million, or 9.29% of risk-weighted assets, below the required 11.50%. During 2024, the Bank significantly reduced its total and risk-based assets to work towards achieving the IMCR targets. This trend will continue into the remainder of 2024 with a goal of achieving the IMCR targets.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 12. Fair Value and Interest Rate Risk

Patriot measures the carrying value of certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value, as required by its policies as a financial institution and by US GAAP. The carrying values of certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, such as available-for-sale securities; while other assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis due to external factors requiring management’s judgment to estimate potential losses of value resulting in asset impairments or the establishment of valuation reserves. Measuring assets and liabilities at fair value may result in fluctuations to carrying value that have a significant impact on the results of operations or other comprehensive income for the period and period over period.

Following is a detailed summary of the guidance provided by US GAAP regarding the application of fair value measurements and Patriot’s application thereof. Additionally, the following information includes detailed summaries of the effects fair value measurements have on the carrying amounts of asset and liabilities presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The objective of fair value measurement is to value an asset that may be sold or a liability that may be transferred at the estimated value which might be obtained in a transaction between unrelated parties under current market conditions. US GAAP establishes a framework for measuring assets and liabilities at fair value, as well as certain financial instruments classified in equity. The framework provides a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and minimizes unobservable inputs, which are inputs for which market data are not available and that are developed by management using the best information available to develop assumptions about the value market participants might place on the asset to be sold or liability to be transferred.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy consist of:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date (such as active exchange-traded equity securities and certain U.S. and government agency debt securities).

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as:

–Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets (such as U.S. agency and government sponsored mortgage-backed securities)

–Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in less active markets (such as certain U.S. and government agency debt securities, and corporate and municipal debt securities that trade infrequently)

–Other inputs that are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability (i.e. interest rates, yield curves, prepayment speeds, default rates, etc.).

Level 3 - Valuation techniques that require unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability (such as pricing and discounted cash flow models that typically reflect management’s estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability).

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, and for estimating fair value for financial and non-financial instruments not recorded at fair value, is set forth below.

Cash and due from banks, restricted cash, and accrued interest receivable and payable

The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value and accordingly these are classified as Level 1. These financial instruments are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Available-for-sale securities

The fair value of securities available for sale (carried at fair value) are determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1), or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted prices, or using unobservable inputs employing various techniques and assumptions (Level 3).

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Other Investments

The Bank’s investment portfolio includes the Solomon Hess SBA Loan Fund, which is utilized by the Bank to satisfy its Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) lending requirements. As this fund operates as a private fund, shares in the fund are not publicly traded but may be redeemed with 60 days’ notice at cost. For that reason, the carrying amount was considered comparable to fair value at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to its short-term nature.

Federal Reserve Bank Stock and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Shares in the FRB and FHLB are purchased and redeemed based upon their $100 par value. The stocks are non-marketable equity securities, and as such, are considered restricted securities that are carried at cost.

Loans

The fair value of loan portfolio is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. We estimate the fair value of our loan portfolio using an exit price notion resulting in prior periods no longer being comparable. The exit price notion requires determination of the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depending on facts and circumstances, such as origination rates, credit risk, transaction costs, liquidity, national and regional market trends and other adjustments, utilizing publicly available rates and indices. The application of an exit price notion requires the use of significant judgment.

Loans Held for Sale

The fair value of loans held for sale is estimated by using a market approach that includes prices for loans sold awaiting settlement and other observable inputs. The Company has determined that the inputs used to value the loans held for sale fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

SBA Servicing Asset

Servicing assets do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. The Company estimates the fair value of servicing assets using discounted cash flow models incorporating numerous assumptions from the perspective of a market participant including market discount rates and prepayment speeds. Due to the significant unobservable input related to the servicing rights, the SBA servicing asset is classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Other Real Estate Owned

The fair value of OREO the Bank may obtain is based on current appraised property value less estimated costs to sell. When fair value is based on unadjusted current appraised value, OREO is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Patriot classifies OREO within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when unobservable inputs are used to determine adjustments to appraised values. Patriot does not record OREO at fair value on a recurring basis, but rather initially records OREO at fair value on a non-recurring basis and then monitors property and market conditions that may indicate a change in value is warranted.

Derivative asset (liability) - Interest Rate Swaps

The Company’s derivative assets and liabilities consist of transactions as part of management’s strategy to manage interest rate risk. The valuation of interest rate swap agreements does not contain any counterparty risk. The valuation of the Company’s interest rate swaps is obtained from a third-party pricing service and is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. The pricing analysis is based on observable inputs for the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity and interest rate curves. The Company has determined that the inputs used to value its interest rate derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. See Note 8 for additional disclosures on derivatives.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Deposits

The fair value of demand deposits, regular savings and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date.

The fair value of certificates of deposit and other time deposits is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities, estimated using local market data, to a schedule of aggregated expected maturities on such deposits. Patriot does not record deposits at fair value on a recurring basis.

Senior Notes, Subordinated Notes, and Junior Subordinated Debt and Note Payable

Patriot does not record senior notes at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of the senior notes was estimated by discounting future cash flows at rates at which similar notes would be made. The carrying value is considered comparable to fair value.

Patriot does not record subordinated notes at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of the subordinated notes was estimated by discounting future cash flows at rates at which similar notes would be made. The carrying value is considered comparable to fair value.

Patriot does not record junior subordinated debt at fair value on a recurring basis. Junior subordinated debt reprices quarterly, as a result, the carrying amount is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value.

The Company considers its own credit worthiness in determining the fair value of its senior notes, subordinated notes, notes payable and junior subordinated debt.

Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings

The fair value of FHLB advances is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies current FHLB interest rates for advances of similar maturity to a schedule of maturities of such advances. Patriot does not record FHLB advances at fair value on a recurring basis.

Off-balance sheet financial instruments

Off-balance sheet financial instruments are based on interest rate changes and fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. Patriot does not record the off-balance-sheet financial instruments (i.e., commitments to extend credit) at fair value on a recurring basis.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table provides a comparison of the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of Patriot’s financial assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)									September 30, 2024												December 31, 2023
			Fair Value Hierarchy						Carrying Amount						Estimated Fair Value						Carrying Amount						Estimated Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and noninterest bearing balances due from banks			Level 1						$	2,718					$	2,718					$	2,195					$	2,195
Interest-bearing deposits due from banks			Level 1						70,013						70,013						50,322						50,322
Restricted cash			Level 1						41						41						14,019						14,019
Available-for-sale securities			Level 2						78,437						78,437						78,925						78,925
Available-for-sale securities			Level 3						11,141						11,141						10,262						10,262
Other investments			Level 2						4,450						4,450						4,450						4,450
Federal Reserve Bank stock			Level 2						2,109						2,109						2,090						2,090
Federal Home Loan Bank stock			Level 2						3,473						3,473						4,202						4,202
Loans receivable, net			Level 3						740,687						719,395						832,934						812,856
Loans held for sale			Level 2						13,658						13,658						20,767						21,557
SBA servicing assets			Level 3						791						848						857						932
Other real estate owned			Level 2						2,843						2,843						2,843						2,843
Accrued interest receivable			Level 2						5,932						5,932						7,219						7,219
Interest rate swap receivable			Level 2						50						50						74						74
Financial assets, total									$	936,343					$	915,108					$	1,031,159					$	1,011,946
Financial Liabilities:
Demand deposits			Level 2						$	91,583					$	91,583					$	110,056					$	110,056
Negotiable order of withdrawal accounts			Level 2						27,984						27,984						33,035						33,035
Savings deposits			Level 2						38,824						38,824						44,104						44,104
Interest bearing DDA			Level 2						183,132						183,132						171,577						171,577
Money market deposits			Level 2						178,479						178,479						200,280						200,280
Time deposits			Level 2						232,810						232,294						240,733						239,655
Brokered deposits			Level 1						72,077						70,995						40,526						40,453
FHLB, FRB and correspondent bank borrowings			Level 2						93,800						93,800						171,000						170,171
Senior notes			Level 2						11,827						11,669						11,723						11,397
Subordinated debt			Level 2						9,891						9,888						9,869						10,102
Junior subordinated debt owed to unconsolidated trust			Level 2						8,144						8,144						8,137						8,137
Note payable			Level 3						216						210						376						362
Accrued interest payable			Level 2						525						525						1,235						1,235
Interest rate swap liability			Level 2						50						50						74						74
Financial liabilities, total									$	949,342					$	947,577					$	1,042,725					$	1,040,638

The carrying amount of cash and noninterest bearing balances due from banks, restricted cash, interest-bearing deposits due from banks, and demand deposits approximates fair value, due to the short-term nature and high turnover of these balances. These amounts are included in the table above for informational purposes.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

In the normal course of its operations, Patriot assumes interest rate risk (i.e., the risk that general interest rate levels will fluctuate). As a result, the fair value of Patriot’s financial assets and liabilities are affected when interest market rates change, which change may be either favorable or unfavorable. Management attempts to mitigate interest rate risk by matching the maturities of its financial assets and liabilities. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay their obligations in a rising interest rate environment and more likely to prepay their obligations in a falling interest rate environment. Conversely, depositors receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising interest rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling interest rate environment. Management monitors market rates of interest and the maturities of its financial assets and financial liabilities, adjusting the terms of new loans and deposits in an attempt to minimize interest rate risk. Additionally, management mitigates its overall interest rate risk through its available funds investment strategy.

The following tables detail the financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the valuation techniques utilized relative to the fair value hierarchy, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)						Total
September 30, 2024:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities			$	—					$	66,289					$	—					$	66,289
Corporate bonds			—						3,564						11,141						14,705
Subordinated notes			—						4,399						—						4,399
SBA loan pools			—						3,698						—						3,698
Municipal bonds			—						487						—						487
Available-for-sale securities			$	—					$	78,437					$	11,141					$	89,578
Interest rate swap receivable			$	—					$	50					$	—					$	50
Interest rate swap liability			$	—					$	50					$	—					$	50
December 31, 2023:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities			$	—					$	65,671					$	—					$	65,671
Corporate bonds			—						3,504						10,262						13,766
Subordinated notes			—						4,227						—						4,227
SBA loan pools			—						5,037						—						5,037
Municipal bonds			—						486						—						486
Available-for-sale securities			$	—					$	78,925					$	10,262					$	89,187
Interest rate swap receivable			$	—					$	74					$	—					$	74
Interest rate swap liability			$	—					$	74					$	—					$	74

Patriot measures certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis. When circumstances dictate (e.g., impairment of long-lived assets, other than temporary impairment of collateral value), the carrying values of such financial assets and financial liabilities are adjusted to fair value or fair value less costs to sell, as may be appropriate.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, four corporate bonds were classified as Level 3 instruments. The fair values of these securities were determined using a present value approach. The discount rate assumed was determined based on unobservable inputs in a pricing model. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no transfers into or out of Levels 1, 2 or 3.

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PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 for Level 3 available-for-sale securities is as follows:

			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)			2024						2023						2024						2023
Level 3 fair value, beginning of period			$	10,365					$	9,882					$	10,262					$	9,427
Purchases			—						—						—						—
Realized gain (loss)			—						—						—						—
Unrealized (loss) gain			776						(11)						879						444
Transfers in and /or out of Level 3			—						—						—						—
Level 3 fair value, end of period			$	11,141					$	9,871					$	11,141					$	9,871

The table below presents the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)			Fair Value						Valuation Methodology						Unobservable Inputs						Range of Inputs
September 30, 2024:
Individually evaluated loans, net			$	27,979					Real Estate Appraisals						Discount for appraisal type						5.8		%	-			20%
SBA servicing assets			848						Discounted Cash Flows						Market discount rates						14.73		%	-			14.90%
December 31, 2023:
Individually evaluated loans, net			$	12,928					Real Estate Appraisals						Discount for appraisal type						5.8		%	-			20%
SBA servicing assets			932						Discounted Cash Flows						Market discount rates						14.73		%	-			14.90%

Patriot discloses fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. Certain financial instruments are excluded from disclosure requirements and, accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not necessarily represent the complete underlying value of financial instruments included in the consolidated financial statements.

The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and have not been reevaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of the financial instruments measured may be different than if they had been subsequently valued.

The information presented should not be interpreted as an estimate of the total fair value of Patriot’s assets and liabilities, since only a portion of Patriot’s assets and liabilities are required to be measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. Due to the wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between Patriot’s fair value disclosures and those of other bank holding companies may not be meaningful.

Note 13.    Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all events or transactions that occurred through the date the Company issued these financial statements. During this period, the Company did not have any material recognizable or non-recognizable subsequent events.

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Item 2: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

"Safe Harbor" Statement Under Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that relate to future events and expectations and, as such, constitute forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Certain statements, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our strategies, outlook, business and financial prospects, business plans, objectives, and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements.” These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believes,” “project,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “strategy,” “plan,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. Although Patriot believes that the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, these expectations may not be attained and it is possible that actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties and changes in circumstances, many of which are beyond Patriot’s control.

Many possible events or factors could affect Patriot’s future financial results and performance and could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Patriot to differ materially from any anticipated results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others:

(1)changes in prevailing interest rates which would affect the interest earned on the Company’s interest earning assets and the interest paid on its interest bearing liabilities;

(2)the timing of re-pricing of the Company’s interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities;

(3)the effect of changes in governmental monetary policy;

(4)the effect of changes in regulations applicable to the Company and the Bank and the conduct of its business;

(5)changes in competition among financial service companies, including possible further encroachment of non-banks on services traditionally provided by banks;

(6)the ability of competitors that are larger than the Company to provide products and services which it is impracticable for the Company to provide;

(7)the state of the economy and real estate values in the Company’s market areas, and the consequent effect on the quality of the Company’s loans;

(8)demand for loans and deposits in our market area;

(9)recent governmental initiatives that are expected to have a profound effect on the financial services industry and could dramatically change the competitive environment of the Company;

(10)other legislative or regulatory changes, including those related to residential mortgages, changes in accounting standards, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) premiums that may adversely affect the Company;

(11)the application of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), consistently applied;

(12)the fact that one period of reported results may not be indicative of future periods;

(13)the state of the economy in the greater New York metropolitan area and its particular effect on the Company's customers, vendors and communities and other such factors, including risk factors, as may be described in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”);

(14)political, social, legal and economic instability, civil unrest, war, catastrophic events, acts of terrorism;

(15)possible future outbreaks of infectious diseases, including the ongoing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak;

(16)changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for c losses;

(17)our ability to access cost-effective funding;

(18)our ability to implement and change our business strategies;

(19)changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios;

(20)technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;

(21)our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;

(22)our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;

(23)changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

(24)our ability to retain key employees;

(25)our compensation expense associated with equity allocated or awarded to our employees;

(26)the premiums paid for the guaranteed portion of SBA loans by third party investors; and

(27)our ability to meet regulatory capital requirements.

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The risks and uncertainties included here are not exhaustive. In addition to those included herein further information concerning our business, including additional factors that could materially affect our financial results, is included in our other filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”). Further, it is not possible to assess the effect of all risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. In addition, we disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this report.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and to disclose contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management has identified the accounting for the allowance for credit losses, the analysis and valuation of its investment securities, the valuation of deferred tax assets, the valuation of derivatives, and the valuation of servicing assets as certain of the Company’s most critical accounting policies and estimates in that they are important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. They require management’s most subjective and complex judgment as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Refer to the 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.

Summary

The Company reported net loss of $27.0 million ($6.78 basic and diluted loss per share) for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, compared to a net loss of $3.8 million ($0.95 basic and diluted loss per share) for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The $23.2 million increase in net loss for the quarter was primarily driven by a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets ("DTA") of $25.1 million, see Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information. This increase was partially offset by a pretax $3.7 million reduction in provision for credit losses and a pretax $1.5 million decrease in net interest income.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the net loss was $30.3 million, or $7.63 basic and diluted loss per share, compared to a net loss of $5.1 million, ($1.28 basic and diluted loss per share) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This represents a year-over-year increase in net loss of $25.3 million. The primary driver of this increase was the same $25.1 million DTA valuation allowance, see Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information. This increase is offset by fluctuations including lower pretax net interest income of $6.8 million, lower pretax provision for credit losses of $3.5 million and higher pretax noninterest income of $3.6 million, primarily from revenue on the Digital Payments Division.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Total assets decreased $119.3 million to $974.1 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $1.09 billion at December 31, 2023, primarily due to the decline in loans receivable of $93.2 million as of September 30, 2024.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased from $66.5 million at December 31, 2023 to $72.8 million at September 30, 2024. The increase in 2024 reflects the intention to boost balance sheet liquidity. For further details, refer to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

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Investments

The following table is a summary of the Company’s investment securities portfolio, at fair value, at the dates shown:

			September 30,						December 31,						Increase /(Decrease)
(In thousands)			2024						2023						($)						(%)
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities			$	66,289					$	65,671					$	618					0.94		%
Corporate bonds			14,705						13,766						939						6.82		%
Subordinated notes			4,399						4,227						172						4.07		%
SBA loan pools			3,698						5,037						(1,339)						(26.58)		%
Municipal bonds			487						486						1						0.21		%
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value			89,578						89,187						391						0.44		%
Other investments, at cost			4,450						4,450						—						—		%
Total investment securities			$	94,028					$	93,637					$	391					0.42		%

Total investments increased by $0.4 million, from $93.6 million at December 31, 2023 to $94.0 million at September 30, 2024. The increase in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to a $2.3 million increase in purchase of available-for-sale securities and a $3.3 million unrealized gain on securities, partially offset by the sale and repayment of securities totaling $5.3 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Bank sold available-for-sale securities of $2.3 million and recognized a net loss of $24,000.

Loans held for investment

The following table provides the composition of the Company’s loan held for investment portfolio as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)			September 30, 2024												December 31, 2023
			Amount						%						Amount						%
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate			$	452,155					59.83		%				472,093						55.62		%
Residential Real Estate			94,579						12.52		%				106,783						12.58		%
Commercial and Industrial			134,333						17.78		%				163,565						19.27		%
Consumer and Other			68,418						9.05		%				99,688						11.74		%
Construction			3,829						0.51		%				4,266						0.50		%
Construction to permanent - CRE			2,357						0.31		%				2,464						0.29		%
Loans receivable, gross			755,671						100.00		%				848,859						100.00		%
Allowance for credit losses			(14,984)												(15,925)
Loans receivable, net			$	740,687											$	832,934

The Company’s loan portfolio decreased $93.2 million, from $848.9 million at December 31, 2023 to $755.7 million at September 30, 2024. The Company has continued the trend of restricting loan growth and allowing loans to pay down as the balance sheet is reduced in order to strengthen capital ratios.

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SBA loans held for investment were included in the commercial real estate loans and commercial and industrial loan classifications above. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, SBA loans included in the commercial and industrial loans were $11.6 million and $17.1 million, respectively. SBA loans included in the commercial real estate loans were $19.5 million and $12.9 million, respectively.

At September 30, 2024, the net loan to deposit ratio was 89.8% and the net loan to total assets ratio was 76.0%. At December 31, 2023, these ratios were 99.1% and 76.2%, respectively.

The following table provides the composition of the commercial real estate loan portfolio segment as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)			September 30, 2024												December 31, 2023
			Amount						%						Amount						%
Commercial Real Estate
CRE owner occupied			$	85,345					18.88		%				$	83,120					17.61		%
CRE multifamily			80,683						17.84		%				82,342						17.44		%
CRE office			62,959						13.92		%				61,368						13.00		%
CRE retail			56,787						12.56		%				63,918						13.54		%
Other CRE non-owner occupied			166,381						36.80		%				181,345						38.41		%
Total			$	452,155					100.00		%				$	472,093					100.00		%

The following table provides the commercial real estate loan portfolio segment by geographic concentrations as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)			September 30, 2024												December 31, 2023
			Amount						%						Amount						%
New York			$	224,064					49.55		%				$	241,711					51.20		%
Connecticut			103,911						22.98		%				111,523						23.62		%
New Jersey			36,858						8.15		%				37,277						7.90		%
Outside Market (1)			87,322						19.31		%				81,582						17.28		%
Total Commercial Real Estate			$	452,155					100.00		%				$	472,093					100.00		%

(1) Outside Market consists of loans in all other states, none of which are greater than 5% of the total.

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Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") on Loans

The allowance for credit losses on loans was $15.0 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $15.9 million as of December 31, 2023, a reduction of $941,000. The decrease in allowance was mainly due to reduction in loan balances and the recognition of charge-offs on the unsecured consumer loan portfolio. Based upon the overall assessment and evaluation of the loan portfolio at September 30, 2024, management believes $15.0 million in the allowance for credit losses, which represented 1.98% of gross loans outstanding, is adequate under prevailing economic conditions to absorb existing losses in the loan portfolio.

The following table provides detail of activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)			2024						2023						2024						2023
Balance at beginning of the period			$	14,989					$	24,098					$	15,925					$	10,310
Charge-offs:
Commercial Real Estate			(124)						—						(282)						—
Residential Real Estate			—						(113)						(21)						(113)
Commercial and Industrial			(122)						(423)						(936)						(429)
Consumer and Other			(1,266)						(3,012)						(5,638)						(7,324)
Construction			—						—						—						(150)
Total charge-offs			(1,512)						(3,548)						(6,877)						(8,016)
Recoveries:
Residential Real Estate			—						3						—						14
Commercial and Industrial			160						9						238						25
Consumer and Other			263						306						828						739
Total recoveries			423						318						1,066						778
Net charge-offs			(1,089)						(3,230)						(5,811)						(7,238)
Impact of CECL adoption			—						—						—						13,001
Provision for credit losses			1,084						4,800						4,870						9,595
Balance at end of the period			$	14,984					$	25,668					$	14,984					$	25,668
Ratios:
Net charge-offs to average loans (annualized)			(0.56)		%				(1.40)		%				(0.96)		%				(1.07)		%
Allowance for credit losses to total loans			1.98		%				2.88		%				1.98		%				2.88		%
Allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans			41.01		%				83.26		%				41.01		%				83.26		%

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, net charge-offs decreased $2.1 million to $1.1 million, with a net charge-offs to average loans ratio of 0.56%, compared to $3.2 million and 1.40% for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net charge-offs declined $1.4 million to $5.8 million, with a net charge-offs to average loans ratio of 0.96% , down from $7.2 million and 1.07% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The reduction in net charge-offs for both three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primary driven by a $1.7 million decrease in charge-offs related to purchased unsecured consumer loans as the portfolio balances have declined.

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The average loan balance decreased by $137.4 million, from $921.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, to $783.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. For the nine-month period, the average loan balance decreased $89.4 million, from $899.5 million in 2023 to $810.1 million in 2024. This decrease in average loan balance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, reflects the Company's continued approach of limiting loan growth and allowing loans to pay down to strengthen capital ratios as the balance sheet is reduced.

As of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, the ACL was $15.0 million and $25.7 million, respectively. The decrease was due to significant charge-offs of reserved CRE and consumer loans after September 30, 2023, which also impacted the ACL to loans ratio of 1.98%, compared to an ACL of $25.7 million and an ACL to loans ratio of 2.88% as of September 30, 2023.

The nonaccrual loan was $36.5 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $30.8 million as of September 30, 2023. The allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans ratio was 41.01% as of September 30, 2024, compared to 83.26% as of September 30, 2023. The rate at September 30, 2023 was significantly higher due to reserves on individually evaluated CRE loans that were subsequently charged-off after September 30, 2023.

The following table provides an allocation of allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment:

(In thousands)			September 30, 2024												December 31, 2023
			Allowance for credit losses						Percent of loans in each category to total loans						Allowance for credit losses						Percent of loans in each category to total loans
Commercial Real Estate			$	9,045					59.83		%				$	6,089					55.62		%
Residential Real Estate			608						12.52		%				607						12.58		%
Commercial and Industrial			1,056						17.78		%				1,269						19.27		%
Consumer and Other			4,273						9.05		%				7,843						11.74		%
Construction			2						0.51		%				4						0.50		%
Construction to permanent - CRE			—						0.31		%				113						0.29		%
Total Allowance for credit losses			$	14,984					100.00		%				$	15,925					100.00		%

Non-performing Assets

The following table presents non-performing assets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Non-accruing loans:
Commercial Real Estate			$	28,255					$	12,775
Residential Real Estate			131						—
Commercial and Industrial			4,397						3,921
Consumer and Other			1,396						977
Construction			—						454
Construction to Permanent - CRE			2,357						—
Total non-accruing loans			36,536						18,127
Loans past due over 90 days and still accruing			3,979						341
Other real estate owned			$	2,843					$	2,843
Total nonperforming assets			$	43,358					$	21,311
Nonperforming assets to total assets			4.45		%				1.95		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans, net			5.47		%				2.22		%

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As of September 30, 2024, non-accrual loans increased to $36.5 million, compared to $18.1 million as of December 31, 2023. The non-accrual loans at September 30, 2024 was comprised of 116 borrowers. Of these, 14 loans were individually evaluated, and a specific reserve of $7.0 million was established for them. For collateral dependent loans, the Bank has obtained appraisal reports from independent licensed appraisal firms and discounted those values based on the Bank’s experience selling OREO properties and for estimated selling costs to determine estimated impairment. For cash flow dependent loans, the Bank determined the reserve based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate.

As of December 31, 2023, the $18.1 million of non-accrual loans was comprised of 139 borrowers. Of which, 19 loans were individually evaluated, and a specific reserve of $4.2 million was established.

Loans held for sale

SBA loans held for sale totaled nil and $9.9 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. SBA loans held for sale represent the guaranteed portion of SBA loans and are reflected at the lower of aggregate cost or market value. SBA loans held for sale at December 31, 2023, consisted of $3.5 million SBA commercial and industrial loans and $6.4 million SBA commercial real estate loans, respectively.For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, total gain on sale of $67,000 and $378,000 was recorded. A servicing asset of $791,000 and $857,000 was recognized as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024, the credit card loans held for sale from Digital Payments division totaled $10.2 million. The credit card loans expected to be held for no longer than three days before being sold. The credit card receivable are fully cash-secured by deposits at Patriot. The credit card loans are sold to the third party as a whole loan sale transaction, priced at Par, thus there is no servicing asset or gain or loss on sale.

In 2024, the Bank reentered the residential mortgage business. The Residential Mortgage Division, located in Jacksonville, FL, generates the loans and typically sells them to third parties. As of September 30, 2024, the Company reported residential mortgage loans held for sale totaling $3.5 million. These loans are recorded at the lower of aggregate cost or market value. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, a total gain on sale of $10,000 and $24,000 was recorded. A servicing asset of $8,000 was recognized as of September 30, 2024.

Deferred Taxes

As of September 30, 2024 the carrying value of the deferred tax assets is nil as there is a full valuation allowance against all of the DTAs. As of December 31, 2023, DTAs were $24.1 million, consisting predominately of Federal and state net operating losses, capitalized costs and allowance for credit losses.

The effective tax provision rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was 1067.85%, compared to the effective tax benefit rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 of (26.12)%. The effective tax provision and benefit rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were 363.40% and (26.37)%, respectively. The Company’s effective rates for both periods were affected by state taxes and non-deductible expenses and the full valuation allowance against all of the DTAs in the third quarter of 2024.

As of September 30, 2024, Patriot has $54.7 million of net operating losses ("NOLs") available for Connecticut tax purposes at September 30, 2024, which may be used to offset up to 50% of taxable income in any year. The NOLs expire between 2030 and 2044.

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Valuation Allowance against Deferred Tax Assets

Patriot recognizes income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets (DTAs) and liabilities (DTLs) are recognized for the estimated tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and loss carry forwards. DTAs and DTLs are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on DTAs and DTLs of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

In certain circumstances DTAs are subject to reduction by a valuation allowance. A valuation allowance is subject to ongoing adjustment based on changes in circumstances that affect management’s judgment about the realizability of the deferred tax asset. Adjustments to increase or decrease the valuation allowance are charged or credited to the deferred tax component of the income tax provision or benefit.

The Company recognize deferred tax assets to the extent we believe it is more likely than not the asset will be realized. Quarterly, management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit the use of existing deferred tax assets, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected taxable income, tax-planning strategies, carryback potential if permitted, and the results of recent operations. A significant piece of objective negative evidence is the existence of a three or four year cumulative loss. Such objective negative evidence limits the ability of management to consider other subjective evidence, such as projected taxable income. When appropriate, the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Based on our assessment performed as of September 30, 2024, we determined that a full valuation allowance was appropriate against the Company’s U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. This resulted in an increase in our income tax expense of approximately $25.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Currently, the key factor on the Company’s assumption of providing 100% valuation allowance was purely based on our historical operating losses. Once we begin generating profits, we will re-evaluate whether providing 100% valuation allowance is appropriate or if we can reassess that allowance. As deferred tax assets associated with NOL carryforwards are already a direct reduction to Tier 1 Capital, the valuation allowance at September 30, 2024 resulted in a reduction of Tier 1 Capital of $19.9 million.

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Deposits

The following table is a summary of the Company’s deposits at the dates shown:

(In thousands)			September 30,						December 31,						Increase/(Decrease)
			2024						2023						$						%
Non-interest bearing:
Non-interest bearing			$	80,376					$	95,109					$	(14,733)					(15.49)		%
Non-interest bearing DDA- Digital Payments			11,207						14,947						(3,740)						(25.02)		%
Total non-interest bearing			91,583						110,056						(18,473)						(16.79)		%
Interest bearing:
Negotiable order of withdrawal accounts (NOW)			27,984						33,035						(5,051)						(15.29)		%
Savings			38,824						44,104						(5,280)						(11.97)		%
Interest bearing DDA			17,780						7,127						10,653						149.47		%
Interest bearing DDA - Digital Payments			165,352						164,450						902						0.55		%
Money market			119,899						166,294						(46,395)						(27.90)		%
Money market - Digital Payments			58,580						33,986						24,594						72.37		%
Certificates of deposit, $250,000 or less			167,788						175,988						(8,200)						(4.66)		%
Certificates of deposit, more than $250,000			65,022						64,745						277						0.43		%
Brokered deposits			72,077						40,526						31,551						77.85		%
Total Interest bearing			733,306						730,255						3,051						0.42		%
Total Deposits			$	824,889					$	840,311					$	(15,422)					(1.84)		%
Total Digital Payments deposits			$	235,139					$	213,383					$	21,756					10.20		%
Total retail branch bank deposits			$	399,889					$	394,819					$	5,070					1.28		%
Total uninsured deposits			264,749						334,300						(69,551)						(20.80)		%
Uninsured deposits to total deposits			32.10		%				39.78		%
Non-GAAP uninsured deposits to total deposits excluding Digital Payments deposits			16.38		%				20.06		%

Non-GAAP Financial Measures:

In addition to evaluating the Company's financial performance in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), management may evaluate certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as uninsured deposits to total deposits excluding Digital Payments deposits. A computation and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures used for these purposes is contained in the accompanying Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures tables. We believe that by excluding Digital Payments deposits, management can present a view of uninsured deposits that better reflects the Company's traditional deposit base, providing investors with useful information for understanding our uninsured deposits position and financial stability. Digital Payments deposits are analyzed for FDIC insurance at the Program Manager level. Certain accounts are reciprocal deposits through the IntraFi network and therefore the entire deposit balances qualify for FDIC insurance. The remaining deposit balances are aggregated at the Program Manager level, and any deposits exceeding $250,000 are considered uninsured.

The non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for GAAP basis measures and results, and we strongly encourage investors to review our consolidated financial statements in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure.

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Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures (unaudited):

(Dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Non-GAAP Uninsured deposits to total deposits excluding Digital Payments deposits
Total deposits			$	824,889					$	840,311
Digital Payments deposits			235,139						213,383
Non-GAAP total deposits excluding Digital Payments deposits			589,750						626,928
Total uninsured deposits			$	264,749					$	334,300
Total uninsured Digital Payments deposits			168,177						208,524
Total uninsured deposits excluding Digital Payments deposits			96,572						125,776
Non-GAAP uninsured deposits to total deposits excluding Digital Payments deposits			16.38		%				20.06		%

Borrowings

Total borrowings were $123.9 million and $201.1 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Borrowings consist primarily of FHLB advances, senior notes, subordinated notes, junior subordinated debentures and a note payable. The senior notes, subordinated notes and junior subordinated debentures contain affirmative covenants that require the Company to maintain its and its subsidiaries’ legal entity and tax status, pay its income tax obligations on a timely basis, and comply with SEC and FDIC reporting requirements.

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings

The Company is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston ("FHLB-B"). Borrowings from the FHLB-B are limited to a percentage of the value of qualified collateral, as defined on the FHLB-B Statement of Products Policy. Qualified collateral, as defined, primarily consists of mortgage-backed securities and loans receivable that are required to be free and clear of liens and encumbrances, and may not be pledged for any other purposes.

FHLB-B advances are structured to facilitate the Bank’s management of its balance sheet and liquidity requirements. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company repaid $30.0 million in long-term advances. As a result, the outstanding advances decreased from $101.0 million as of December 31, 2023, to $93.8 million as of September 30, 2024. At September 30, 2024, the FHLB-B advances carried a fixed interest rates of 5.03% with maturities of 1 day.

At September 30, 2024, collateral for FHLB-B borrowings consisted of a mixture of real estate loans and securities with book value of $221.2 million. Remaining unused borrowing capacity under this line totaled $5.4 million at September 30, 2024.

In addition, Patriot has a $2.0 million revolving line of credit with the FHLB-B. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, no funds had been borrowed under the line of credit.

Interest expense incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $292,000 and $1.0 million, respectively. Interest expense incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $748,000 and $3.8 million, respectively.

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Correspondent Bank - Line of Credit

Patriot has entered into unsecured federal funds sweep and federal funds line of credit facility agreements with certain correspondent banks. Borrowings available under the agreements totaled $5.0 million and $22.0 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The purpose of the agreements is to provide a credit facility intended to satisfy overnight federal account balance requirements and to provide for daily settlement of FRB, Automated Clearing House (ACH), and other clearinghouse transactions.

There was no outstanding balance under the agreements at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Interest expense incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $2,000 and $4,000, respectively. For three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, interest expense incurred was nil and $117,000, respectively.

Other Borrowing

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“FRBNY”) accepts loan pledges from qualifying depository institutions to secure borrowings from the Discount Window. Patriot has pledged eligible loans as collateral to support its borrowing capacity at the FRBNY. As of September 30, 2024, the book value of the pledged loans totaled $25.5 million, with a collateral value of $19.4 million. No funds were borrowed from the Discount Window under the FRBNY's Borrower-in-Custody ('BIC") program, and no interest expense was incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, a total of $12.0 million was borrowed, and interest expense incurred was $43,000 and $48,000, respectively.

In July 2023, the Bank established a collateralized funding line of $73.8 million at par value under the Federal Reserve's newly established Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP"). The program provided additional funding to eligible depository institutions, assuring they can meet the needs of all their depositors. The program served as an additional source of liquidity against high-quality securities, eliminating the need of an institution to quickly sell those securities in times of stress. The line allowed for a fixed rate borrowing at market rates, for up to one year, with repayment permitted at any time without penalty. The BTFP ceased allowing any new advances after March 11, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, Patriot paid off the BTFP borrowing of $70.0 million that was outstanding as of December 31, 2023. Interest expense incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $632,000 and $2.3 million, respectively. Interest expense incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $833,000.

Senior notes

On December 22, 2016, the Company issued $12 million of senior notes ("2016 Senior Notes") bearing interest at 7% per annum. On November 17, 2021, the original maturity date of the 2016 Senior Notes was extended from December 22, 2021 to June 30, 2022.

On June 22, 2022, the Company amended and restated the 2016 Senior Notes. The maturity date of the Senior Notes was further extended to December 31, 2022, and the interest rate increased from (i) 7% to 7.25% from July 1, 2022 until September 30, 2022 and (ii) from 7.25% to 7.50% thereafter. The 2016 Senior Notes was repaid in December 2022.

On December 21, 2022, the Company completed an issuance and sale of $12 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.50% fixed rate senior notes due January 15, 2026 (“2022 Senior Notes”). In connection with the issuance of the 2022 Senior Notes, the Company incurred $326,000 of costs, which are being amortized over the term of the 2022 Senior Notes to recognize a constant rate of interest expense. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $173,000 and $277,000 of unamortized debt issuance costs were deducted from the face amount of the 2022 Subordinated Notes included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively.

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The 2022 Senior Note Purchase Agreement contains certain customary representations, warranties, and covenants made by each of the Company and the Purchasers. The 2022 Senior Notes are not subject to any sinking fund and are not convertible into or exchangeable for any other securities or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The 2022 Senior Notes are not subject to redemption at the option of the holders. Principal and interest on the 2022 Senior Notes are subject to acceleration only in limited circumstances. The 2022 Senior Notes are an unsecured, unsubordinated obligation and ranks equally in right of payment to all of the Company’s existing and future unsecured indebtedness, liabilities and other obligations that are not subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Note, and will be effectively subordinated to any of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness. The 2022 Senior Notes are the obligations of the Company only and are not obligations of, and are not guaranteed by, any of the Company’s affiliates.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized interest expense of $290,000 and $869,000, respectively. Interest expense incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $290,000 and $869,000, respectively.

Subordinated notes

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into certain subordinated note purchase agreements with two institutional accredited investors and completed a private placement of $10 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes with the maturity date of September 30, 2028 (the “Subordinated Notes”) pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

The Subordinated Notes initially bore interest at 6.25% per annum, from and including June 29, 2018, to but excluding, June 30, 2023, payable semi-annually in arrears. From and including June 30, 2023, until but excluding June 30, 2028 or an early redemption date, the interest rate shall reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to the then current three-month LIBOR, which was replaced by SOFR in 2023 (but not less than zero) plus 332.5 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears. The Company may, at its option, beginning on June 30, 2023 and on any scheduled interest payment date thereafter, redeem the Subordinated Notes.

In connection with the issuance of the Subordinated Notes, the Company incurred $291,000 of debt issuance costs, which are being amortized over the term of the Subordinated Notes to recognize a constant rate of interest expense. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $109,000 and $131,000 of unamortized debt issuance costs were deducted from the face amount of the Subordinated Notes included in the consolidated balance sheet, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized interest expense of $229,000 and $680,000, respectively. Interest expense incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $229,000 and $556,000, respectively.

Junior subordinated debt owed to unconsolidated trust

In 2003, the Patriot National Statutory Trust I (“the Trust”), which has no independent assets and is wholly-owned by the Company, issued $8.0 million of trust preferred securities. The proceeds, net of a $240,000 placement fee, were invested in junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company, which invested the proceeds in the Bank. The Bank used the proceeds to fund its operations.

Trust preferred securities currently qualify for up to 25% of the Company’s Tier I Capital, with the excess qualifying as Tier 2 Capital.

The junior subordinated debentures are unsecured obligations of the Company. The debentures are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness of the Company. In addition to its obligations under the junior subordinated debentures and in conjunction with the Trust, the Company issued an unconditional guarantee of the trust preferred securities.

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The junior subordinated debentures bear interest at three-month SOFR plus 3.15% and mature on March 26, 2033, at which time the principal amount borrowed will be due. The placement fee of $240,000 is amortized and included as a component of the periodic interest expense on the junior subordinated debentures, in order to produce a constant rate of interest expense. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the unamortized placement fee deducted from the face amount of the junior subordinated debt owed to the unconsolidated trust amounted to $104,000 and $111,000, respectively, and accrued interest on the junior subordinated debentures was $9,000 and $12,000, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized interest expense of $180,000 and $539,000, respectively. Interest expense incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $180,000 and $512,000, respectively.

At its option, exercisable on a quarterly basis, the Company may redeem the junior subordinated debentures from the Trust, which would then redeem the trust preferred securities.

Note Payable

In September 2015, the Bank purchased the property in which its Fairfield, Connecticut branch is located for approximately $2.0 million, a property it had been leasing until that date. The purchase price was primarily satisfied by issuing the seller a $2.0 million, nine-year, promissory note bearing interest at a fixed rate of 1.75% per annum. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance on the note was $216,000 and $376,000, respectively. The note is secured by a first Mortgage Deed and Security Agreement on the purchased property. The note originally set to mature in August 2024, was extended from August 25, 2024 to September 1, 2025, with the Bank continuing its scheduled principal and interest payments.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized interest expense of $1,000 and $4,000, respectively. Interest expense incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $2,000 and $7,000, respectively.

Derivatives

As of September 30, 2024, Patriot has two interest rate swaps (“swaps”). One swap is with a loan customer to provide a facility to mitigate the fluctuations in the variable rate on the respective loan. The other swap is with an outside third party. The customer interest rate swap is matched in offsetting terms to the third party interest rate swap. The swaps are reported at fair value in other assets or other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Patriot’s swaps are derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments, thus any net gain or loss resulting from changes in the fair value is recognized in other noninterest income. The Company recognized no gain on the swaps for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Further discussion of the fair value of derivatives is set forth in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

Equity

Equity decreased $28.0 million, from $44.4 million at December 31, 2023 to $16.4 million at September 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily due to a net loss of $30.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, partially offset by a net unrealized gain in investments of $2.2 million.

Off-Balance Sheet Commitments

The Company’s off-balance sheet commitments primarily consist of commitments to lend of $96.6 million and $92.5 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024, the Bank has an irrevocable stand-by letter of credit for a maximum of $45 million, issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston on behalf of the Bank, with Mastercard as the beneficiary, which expires on April 30, 2025.

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Average Balances

The following tables present daily average balance sheets, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding yields earned and rates paid for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

(In thousands)			Three Months Ended September 30,
			2024																		2023
			Average Balance						Interest						Yield						Average Balance						Interest						Yield
ASSETS
Interest Earning Assets:
Loans			$	783,787					$	11,704					5.92		%				$	921,232					$	13,936					6.00		%
Investments			96,654						729						3.02		%				99,481						750						3.02		%
Cash equivalents and other			27,509						381						5.49		%				25,038						384						6.08		%
Total interest earning assets			907,950						12,814						5.60		%				1,045,751						15,070						5.72		%
Cash and due from banks			24,653																		2,619
Allowance for credit losses			(14,646)																		(22,611)
OREO			2,843																		—
Other assets			46,832																		68,403
Total Assets			$	967,632																	$	1,094,162
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities:
Deposits			$	699,661					$	6,189					3.51		%				$	742,684					$	6,220					3.32		%
Borrowings			86,527						926						4.25		%				135,175						1,624						4.77		%
Senior notes			11,805						290						9.83		%				11,666						290						9.94		%
Subordinated debt			18,029						409						9.00		%				17,990						409						9.02		%
Note Payable			232						1						1.71		%				444						2						1.79		%
Total interest bearing liabilities			816,254						7,815						3.80		%				907,959						8,545						3.73		%
Demand deposits			101,026																		131,664
Other liabilities			8,609																		8,183
Total Liabilities			925,889																		1,047,806
Shareholders' equity			41,743																		46,356
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity			$	967,632																	$	1,094,162
Net interest income									$	4,999																	$	6,525
Interest margin															2.18		%																2.48		%
Interest spread															1.80		%																1.99		%

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(In thousands)			Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2024																		2023
			Average Balance						Interest						Yield						Average Balance						Interest						Yield
ASSETS
Interest Earning Assets:
Loans			$	810,086					$	36,345					5.98		%				$	899,505					$	40,538					6.03		%
Investments			96,209						2,171						3.01		%				101,243						2,423						3.19		%
Cash equivalents and restricted cash			37,851						1,516						5.34		%				26,019						1,064						5.47		%
Total interest earning assets			944,146						40,032						5.65		%				1,026,767						44,025						5.73		%
Cash and due from banks			13,468																		3,439
Allowance for credit losses			(14,129)																		(22,958)
OREO			2,843																		—
Other assets			58,639																		68,867
Total Assets			$	1,004,967																	$	1,076,115
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities:
Deposits			$	717,299					$	19,160					3.56		%				$	696,776					$	15,047					2.89		%
Borrowings			103,582						3,354						4.31		%				119,074						4,783						5.37		%
Senior notes			11,770						869						9.84		%				11,639						869						9.96		%
Subordinated debt			18,019						1,219						9.01		%				17,980						1,068						7.94		%
Note Payable			285						4						1.87		%				496						7						1.89		%
Total interest bearing liabilities			850,955						24,606						3.85		%				845,965						21,774						3.44		%
Demand deposits			103,323																		153,000
Other liabilities			7,404																		28,529
Total Liabilities			961,682																		1,027,494
Shareholders' equity			43,285																		48,621
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity			$	1,004,967																	$	1,076,115
Net interest income									$	15,426																	$	22,251
Interest margin															2.18		%																2.90		%
Interest spread															1.80		%																2.29		%

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The following table presents the change in interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities by major category and the related change in the interest income earned and interest expense incurred thereon attributable to the change in transactional volume in the financial instruments and the rates of interest applicable thereto, comparing the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

			Three Months Ended September 30,																		Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2024 compared to 2023																		2024 compared to 2023
(In thousands)			Increase/(Decrease)																		Increase/(Decrease)
			Volume						Rate						Total						Volume						Rate						Total
Interest Earning Assets:
Loans			$	(2,222)					$	(10)					$	(2,232)					$	(4,273)					$	80					$	(4,193)
Investments			(35)						14						(21)						(213)						(39)						(252)
Cash equivalents and other			38						(41)						(3)						488						(36)						452
Total interest earning assets			(2,219)						(37)						(2,256)						(3,998)						5						(3,993)
Interest bearing liabilities:
Deposit			784						(815)						(31)						(3,295)						7,408						4,113
Borrowings			(586)						(112)						(698)						(1,243)						(186)						(1,429)
Senior notes			3						(3)						—						10						(10)						—
Subordinated debt			—						—						—						—						151						151
Note payable and other			(1)						—						(1)						(3)						—						(3)
Total interest bearing liabilities			200						(930)						(730)						(4,531)						7,363						2,832
Increase (decrease) in net interest income			$	(2,419)					$	893					$	(1,526)					$	533					$	(7,358)					$	(6,825)

Results of Operations

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, interest income and dividend income was $12.8 million, which decreased $2.3 million as compared to $15.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Total interest expense was $7.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, which decreased $730,000 as compared to $8.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Net interest income decreased $1.5 million from $6.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, interest income and dividend income was $40.0 million, which decreased $4.0 million as compared to $44.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Total interest expense was $24.6 million, which increased $2.8 million as compared to $21.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Net interest income was $15.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which decreased $6.8 million from $22.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The decline for both three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 reflects a lower loan balance and narrower net interest margin due to higher deposit costs and increase in nonaccrual loans.

The net interest margin was 2.18% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, compared to 2.48% for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the net interest margin was 2.18% and 2.90%, respectively. The decline in interest margins for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023, was primarily associated with an increase in the cost of deposits and other borrowings due to the significant rise in market interest rates and a decline in loan interest income due to the declining loan balance and the increase in nonaccrual loans, partially mitigated by the rise in variable rate interest earning assets.

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Provision for Credit Losses ("PCL")

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the provision for credit losses was $1.0 million, consisting of a $1.1 million loan provision and a $58,000 credit for off-balance-sheet exposure reserves. In comparison, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, the provision for credit losses was $4.7 million, including a $4.8 million loan provision and a $112,000 credit for off-balance-sheet exposure reserves.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the PCL was $4.8 million, which included a $4.9 million loan provision and a $94,000 credit for off-balance-sheet exposure reserves. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the provision was $8.2 million, consisting of a $9.6 million provision and a $1.4 million credit for off-balance-sheet exposure reserves.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Bank has been selectively managing down its credit exposure in certain higher-risk areas. The loan portfolio declined from $889.9 million as of September 30, 2023, to $755.7 million as of September 30, 2024. This reduction in credit exposure has required a lower level of reserves. Consequently, the ACL for loans outstanding decreased from $25.7 million as of September 30, 2023, to $15.0 million as of September 30, 2024.

One key driver in both the level of outstanding loans and reserves is the pool of purchased unsecured consumer loans, which decreased from $58.3 million as of September 30, 2023 to $26.1 million as of September 30, 2024. Correspondingly, the reserves for this pool also fell, declining from $9.2 million as of September 30, 2023 to $3.8 million as of September 30, 2024. Additionally, as of September 30, 2023, the Bank had obligations of $18.1 million yet to fund under these same pools, against which the bank held $1.1 million of reserves. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Bank entered into an agreement with the originator and servicer that released the Bank from any obligation for further funding, thereby freeing up the aforementioned $1.1 million of reserves.

As of September 30, 2023, the ACL also included $6.2 million of reserves against an $8.9 million loan that had been originated in part for community development purposes. The loan was used to finance a special-use property and was charged-off during the fourth quarter of 2023, resulting in a loss of approximately $5.9 million.

Non-interest income

Non-interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $2.1 million, compared to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, non-interest income was $6.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively. The increase was primarily attributable to higher non-interest income from the Bank's Digital Payments Division.

Non-interest expense

Non-interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased to $8.4 million, compared to $8.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Non-interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $23.6 million, compared to $23.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Provision for income taxes

The Company reported a provision for income taxes of $24.6 million and $23.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, compared to a benefit for income taxes of $1.3 million and $1.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the third quarter of 2024 included a valuation allowance recorded against all deferred tax assets of $25.1 million, See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

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Liquidity

The Company measures liquidity in two primary ratios: on-hand liquidity to total liabilities, and total liquidity to total liabilities. On-hand liquidity is comprised of interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents and unpledged available-for-sale securities. Total liquidity includes on-hand liquidity, plus total available credit lines, plus availability of brokered deposits which is subject to internal limitations. The Company monitors other metrics in addition to on-hand liquidity and total liquidity to manage concentration risk in certain types of liabilities.

The Company's on-hand liquidity and total liquidity ratios for the periods ending September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are as follows:

(In thousands)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
On-hand liquidity
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents			$	70,013					$	50,322
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value			89,578						89,187
Less: pledged available-for-sale securities			(35,627)						(68,465)
Total on-hand liquidity			123,964						71,044
Borrowing capacity
FHLB borrowing capacity			146,301						174,533
FRB borrowing capacity			19,379						81,401
Unsecured credit lines from correspondent banks			5,000						22,000
Brokered deposit capacity			123,733						126,047
Total borrowing capacity			294,413						403,981
Less: used borrowing capacity
FHLB capacity used (including the standby letter of credit)			(140,860)						(173,147)
FRB capacity used			—						(70,000)
Outstanding brokered deposits			(72,077)						(40,526)
Total used borrowing capacity			(212,937)						(283,673)
Total liquidity			$	205,440					$	191,352
Total liabilities			$	957,697					$	1,049,042
On-hand liquidity to total liabilities			12.94		%				6.77		%
Total liquidity to total liabilities			21.45		%				18.24		%

On-hand liquidity increased $53 million from December 31, 2023 to September 30, 2024 due to the payoff of the $70 million Federal Reserve BTFP borrowing, which released the pledge of certain available-for-sale securities. The payoff of the BTFP will have a slight benefit on the Company's Net Interest Income as the rate on the BTFP was slightly higher than the current replacement funding. Both on-hand liquidity to total liabilities and total liquidity to total liabilities increased at September 30, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023 due to the increased total liquidity and the reduction in total liabilities as the overall balance sheet has shrunk in an effort to improve the Bank's capital ratios.

Liquidity is a measure of the Company’s ability to generate adequate cash to meet its financial obligations. The principal cash requirements of a financial institution are to cover downward fluctuations in deposit accounts. Management believes the Company’s liquid assets provide sufficient coverage to satisfy loan demand, cover potential fluctuations in deposit accounts, and to meet other anticipated operational cash requirements.

Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $15.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Within this activity there was a significant increase in originations of loans held for sale and proceeds from sale of assets held for sale. This activity is primarily related to the Digital Payments Division credit card loans. This program started in the third quarter of 2023 and continues today. The activity generates non-interest income and only requires short term liquidity as the loans are originated and expected to be sold within three days.

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Net cash provided by investing activities increased by $149 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase is primarily due to lower originations of loans receivable and purchases of loans receivable as the Company is focused on lowering total assets to improve the Company's capital ratios.

Net cash provided by financing activities decreased by $199 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease is primarily due to activity in proceeds from FRB and correspondent bank borrowings and repayments of FRB and correspondent bank borrowings. The Company did not require as much funding from FRB and correspondent bank borrowings due to the net cash provided by lower loan originations and loan purchases.

Management manages its capital resources by seeking to maintain a capital structure that will ensure an adequate level of capital to support anticipated asset growth and absorb potential losses while effectively leveraging capital to enhance profitability and return to shareholders. Dividends have not been paid to shareholders since 2020 but may resume in future periods.

The primary source of liquidity at the Company is returns of capital from the Bank. These capital returns are subject to OCC approval and are needed periodically to provide funds needed to service debt payments at the Company.

Capital

The following tables illustrate the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:                                                

						September 30, 2024																								December 31, 2023
						Patriot National Bancorp, Inc.												Patriot Bank, N.A.												Patriot National Bancorp, Inc.												Patriot Bank, N.A.
(Dollar amounts in thousands)						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets)						$	61,681					7.82		%				$	73,206					9.29		%				$	89,727					10.00		%				$	100,683					11.22		%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets)						43,018						5.45		%				64,543						8.19		%				73,282						8.17		%				94,238						10.50		%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets)						35,018						4.44		%				64,543						8.19		%				65,282						7.27		%				94,238						10.50		%
Tier 1 Leverage Capital (to average assets)						43,018						4.35		%				64,543						6.53		%				73,282						6.76		%				94,238						8.70		%

Capital adequacy is one of the most important factors used to determine the safety and soundness of individual banks and the banking system. From September 2021 to September 30, 2023, the Company elected to adopt the CBLR framework. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company elected to use the instituted regulatory risk-based capital approach.

Under the regulatory framework for prompt correction action, to be considered “well capitalized,” an institution must generally have a leverage capital ratio of at least 5.0%, CET1 capital ratio at least 6.5%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.0% and a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10%. However, the OCC has the discretion to require increased capital ratios. Management continuously assesses the adequacy of the Bank’s capital with the goal to maintain a “well capitalized” classification.

On April 17, 2024, based on its supervisory profile, the Bank was notified by the OCC that it established individual minimum capital ratios ("IMCR") for the Bank. Specifically, the Bank is required to maintain the following ratios: a common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 10.00%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 10.00%, a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 9.00% and a total capital ratio of 11.50%.

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As of September 30, 2024, the Bank did not meet all of its regulatory capital requirements. The common equity tier 1 capital was $64.5 million, or 8.19% of risk-weighted assets, below the required level of 10.00%. The Tier 1 capital was $64.5 million, or 8.19% of risk-weighted assets, also below the required level of 10.00%. However, the Tier 1 leverage capital was $64.5 million, or 6.53% of average assets, falling short of the required 9.00%. The total risk-based capital was $73.2 million, or 9.29% of risk-weighted assets, below the required 11.50%. During the second quarter, the Bank significantly reduced its total and risk-based assets to work towards achieving the IMCR targets. This trend will continue through the remainder of 2024 with a goal of achieving the IMCR in 2025. The Company has restricted new loan originations significantly to allow the loan portfolio to decline in order to lower average assets and risk weighted assets. Average assets are down $100 million to $984 million at September 30, 2024 from $1,083 million at December 31, 2023, reflecting the actions of the Company during the year to lower assets.

If a bank fails to maintain its capital ratios above the higher minimums established in the IMCR, the OCC may issue a capital directive requiring the bank to submit and adhere to an acceptable plan to achieve or maintain its required capital levels. Additionally, the OCC may deem a bank’s failure to maintain capital ratios above the IMCR an unsafe or unsound practice within the meaning of 12 USC 1818.1

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than the effect of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or with the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. Notwithstanding this, inflation can directly affect the value of loan collateral, in particular, real estate. Inflation, deflation or disinflation could significantly affect the Company’s earnings in future periods.

Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is defined as the sensitivity of income to fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices and other market-driven rates or prices. The Company’s market risk is primarily limited to interest rate risk.

The Company’s goal is to maximize long term profitability while minimizing its exposure to interest rate fluctuations. The first priority is to structure and price the Company’s assets and liabilities to maintain an acceptable interest rate spread while reducing the net effect of changes in interest rates. In order to accomplish this, the focus is on maintaining a proper balance between the timing and volume of assets and liabilities re-pricing within the balance sheet. One method of achieving this balance is to originate variable rate loans for the portfolio and purchase short-term investments to offset the increasing short-term re-pricing of the liability side of the balance sheet. In fact, a number of the interest-bearing deposit products have no contractual maturity. Therefore, deposit balances may run off unexpectedly due to changing market conditions. Additionally, loans and investments with longer term rate adjustment frequencies can be matched against longer term deposits and borrowings to lock in a desirable spread.

The exposure to interest rate risk is monitored by the Management Asset and Liability Committee consisting of senior management personnel. The Committee reviews the interrelationships within the balance sheet to maximize net interest income within acceptable levels of risk. This Committee reports to the Board of Directors. In addition to the Management Asset and Liability Committee, there is a Board Asset and Liability Committee (“ALCO”), which meets quarterly. ALCO monitors the interest rate risk analyses, reviews investment transactions during the period and determines compliance with the Company’s Investment, ALCO and Liquidity policies.

Management analyzes the Company’s interest rate sensitivity position to manage the risk associated with interest rate movements through the use of interest income simulation and gap analysis. The matching of assets and liabilities may be analyzed by examining the extent to which such assets and liabilities are “interest sensitive.” An asset or liability is said to be interest sensitive within a specific time period if it will mature or reprice within that time period.

1 The Office of the Comptroller of Currency Policy and Procedure Manual, PPM 5310-3.

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Management’s goal is to manage asset and liability positions to moderate the effects of interest rate fluctuations on net interest income. Interest income simulations are completed quarterly and presented to ALCO. The simulations provide an estimate of the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income under a range of assumptions. Changes to these assumptions can significantly affect the results of the simulations. The simulation incorporates assumptions regarding the potential timing in the repricing of certain assets and liabilities when market rates change and the changes in spreads between different market rates.

Simulation analysis is only an estimate of the Company’s interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time. Management regularly reviews the potential effect changes in interest rates could have on the repayment of rate-sensitive assets and funding requirements of rate-sensitive liabilities.

The tables below set forth examples of changes in estimated net interest income and the estimated net portfolio value based on projected scenarios of interest rate increases and decreases. The analyses indicate the rate risk embedded in the Company’s portfolio at the dates indicated should all interest rates instantaneously rise or fall. The results of these changes are added to or subtracted from the base case; however, there are certain limitations to these types of analyses. Rate changes are rarely instantaneous and these analyses may therefore overstate the impact of short-term repricings. In certain low interest rate environments, the calculated effects of the 100 and 200 basis point downward shocks cannot absolutely reflect the risk to earnings and equity, since the interest rates on certain balance sheet items have approached their minimums. Therefore, it is not possible for the analyses to fully measure the true impact of these downward shocks.

						Net Portfolio Value - Performance Summary
(In thousands)						As of September 30, 2024																		As of December 31, 2023
Projected Interest Rate Scenario						Estimated Value						Change from Base ($)						Change from Base (%)						Estimated Value						Change from Base ($)						Change from Base (%)
+200						$	89,739					$	(20,213)					(18.38)		%				$	107,524					$	(5,779)					(5.10)		%
+100						102,320						(7,632)						(6.94)		%				112,036						(1,267)						(1.12)		%
BASE						109,952						—						—						113,303						—						—
-100						113,081						3,129						2.85		%				114,032						729						0.64		%
-200						112,743						2,791						2.54		%				106,718						(6,585)						(5.81)		%

						Net Interest Income - Performance Summary
(In thousands)						September 30, 2024																		December 31, 2023
Projected Interest Rate Scenario						Estimated Value						Change from Base ($)						Change from Base (%)						Estimated Value						Change from Base ($)						Change from Base (%)
+200						$	24,167					$	(2,131)					(8.10)		%				$	34,529					$	483					1.42		%
+100						25,334						(964)						(3.67)		%				34,425						379						1.11		%
BASE						26,298						—						—						34,046						—						—
-100						27,609						1,311						4.99		%				34,120						74						0.22		%
-200						28,785						2,487						9.46		%				34,595						549						1.61		%

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Item 4: Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Patriot maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information that is required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and accumulated and communicated to management in a timely fashion.

Patriot’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this report, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based on this evaluation, Patriot’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, Patriot’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e), were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

Due to its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. In addition, projections of any evaluations of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and/or procedures may deteriorate.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

Patriot does not have any pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation, incidental to its business, to which Patriot is a party or any of its property is subject. Management is of the opinion that the ultimate disposition of these routine legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity of Patriot.

Item 5: Other Information

None.

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ITEM 6: Exhibits

The exhibits marked with the section symbol (#) are interactive data files.

No.						Description
3(i)						Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 1, 1999).
3(i)(A)						Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. dated July 16, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i)(A) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2004 filed on March 25, 2005).
3(i)(B)						Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. dated June 15, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i)(B) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006 filed on November 14, 2006).
3(i) (C)						Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot National Bancorp Inc. dated October 6, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 21, 2010)
3(ii)						Amended and Restated By-laws of Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2010)
31(1)						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31(2)						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32*						Section 1350 Certifications
101.INS#						Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH#						Inline XBRL Schema Document
101.CAL#						Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB#						Inline XBRL Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE#						Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF#						Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded with the Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

The exhibits marked with the section symbol (#) are interactive data files.

*The certification is being furnished and shall not be deemed filed.

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SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 19, 2024			Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. (Registrant)
			By:			/s/ David Finn
						David Finn
						Executive Vice President and Interim Chief Financial Officer
			By:			/s/ David Lowery
						David Lowery
						President and Chief Executive Officer

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