5062434 2400December 31false00016887572024Q3P5YP2Yoneonehttp://fasb.org/us-gaap/2024#AccruedLiabilitiesCurrenthttp://fasb.org/us-gaap/2024#AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent0.67P1Yxbrli:sharesiso4217:USDiso4217:USDxbrli:sharesxbrli:pureesta:financial_institutionesta:segmentesta:unitesta:trancheesta:employee00016887572024-01-012024-09-3000016887572024-11-1100016887572024-09-3000016887572023-12-3100016887572024-07-012024-09-3000016887572023-07-012023-09-3000016887572023-01-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2024-01-012024-03-3100016887572024-01-012024-03-310001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2024-01-012024-03-310001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2024-01-012024-03-310001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2024-01-012024-03-310001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2024-03-310001688757us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2024-03-310001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2024-03-310001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2024-03-310001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2024-03-3100016887572024-03-310001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2024-04-012024-06-3000016887572024-04-012024-06-300001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2024-04-012024-06-300001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2024-04-012024-06-300001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2024-04-012024-06-300001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2024-06-300001688757us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2024-06-300001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2024-06-300001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2024-06-300001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2024-06-3000016887572024-06-300001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2022-12-310001688757us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2022-12-310001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2022-12-310001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2022-12-310001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2022-12-3100016887572022-12-310001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2023-01-012023-03-3100016887572023-01-012023-03-310001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2023-01-012023-03-310001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-01-012023-03-310001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2023-01-012023-03-310001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2023-03-310001688757us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2023-03-310001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2023-03-310001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2023-03-310001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-03-3100016887572023-03-310001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2023-04-012023-06-3000016887572023-04-012023-06-300001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2023-04-012023-06-300001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-04-012023-06-300001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2023-04-012023-06-300001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2023-06-300001688757us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2023-06-300001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2023-06-300001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2023-06-300001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-06-3000016887572023-06-300001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:CommonStockMember2023-09-300001688757us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember2023-09-300001688757us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2023-09-300001688757us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2023-09-300001688757us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-09-3000016887572023-09-300001688757country:BRus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMemberus-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757country:CRus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMemberesta:LongLivedAssetsBenchmarkMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757country:CRus-gaap:GeographicConcentrationRiskMemberesta:LongLivedAssetsBenchmarkMember2023-01-012023-12-310001688757esta:CustomerOneMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMemberus-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757esta:CustomerOneMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMemberus-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember2023-01-012023-12-310001688757esta:CustomerTwoMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMemberus-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember2023-01-012023-12-310001688757us-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMemberesta:AvantorIncMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757esta:AvantorIncMemberus-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMemberesta:InventoryRawMaterialsPurchasesMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMemberesta:AvantorIncMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757esta:AvantorIncMemberus-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMemberesta:InventoryRawMaterialsPurchasesMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMemberesta:AvantorIncMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:SupplierConcentrationRiskMemberesta:AvantorIncMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:ShippingAndHandlingMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:ShippingAndHandlingMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:ShippingAndHandlingMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:ShippingAndHandlingMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:EMEAMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:EMEAMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:EMEAMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:EMEAMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757srt:LatinAmericaMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757srt:LatinAmericaMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757srt:LatinAmericaMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757srt:LatinAmericaMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757srt:AsiaPacificMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757srt:AsiaPacificMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757srt:AsiaPacificMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757srt:AsiaPacificMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757srt:NorthAmericaMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757srt:NorthAmericaMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757srt:NorthAmericaMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757srt:NorthAmericaMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757srt:MinimumMember2024-09-300001688757srt:MaximumMember2024-09-3000016887572023-01-012023-12-310001688757us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:BuildingImprovementsMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:BuildingImprovementsMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:BuildingMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:BuildingMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:LandMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:LandMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:VehiclesMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:VehiclesMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressMember2023-12-310001688757esta:ZonaFrancaCoyolSAMemberus-gaap:LandBuildingsAndImprovementsMember2022-01-012022-12-310001688757esta:ZonaFrancaCoyolSAMemberus-gaap:LandMember2021-08-012021-08-310001688757esta:PatentsAndLicensingAgreementsMember2024-09-300001688757esta:PatentsAndLicensingAgreementsMembersrt:MinimumMember2024-09-300001688757esta:PatentsAndLicensingAgreementsMembersrt:MaximumMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMembersrt:MinimumMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMembersrt:MaximumMember2024-09-300001688757esta:A510kAuthorizationMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:DevelopedTechnologyRightsMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:SoftwareDevelopmentMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:SoftwareDevelopmentMembersrt:MinimumMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:SoftwareDevelopmentMembersrt:MaximumMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:OtherIntangibleAssetsMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:OtherIntangibleAssetsMembersrt:MinimumMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:OtherIntangibleAssetsMembersrt:MaximumMember2024-09-300001688757esta:PatentsAndLicenseRightsMember2024-09-300001688757esta:PatentsAndLicensingAgreementsMember2023-12-310001688757esta:PatentsAndLicensingAgreementsMembersrt:MinimumMember2023-12-310001688757esta:PatentsAndLicensingAgreementsMembersrt:MaximumMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMembersrt:MinimumMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMembersrt:MaximumMember2023-12-310001688757esta:A510kAuthorizationMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:DevelopedTechnologyRightsMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:SoftwareDevelopmentMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:SoftwareDevelopmentMembersrt:MinimumMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:SoftwareDevelopmentMembersrt:MaximumMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:OtherIntangibleAssetsMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:OtherIntangibleAssetsMembersrt:MinimumMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:OtherIntangibleAssetsMembersrt:MaximumMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:SoftwareDevelopmentMember2023-12-310001688757esta:PatentsAndLicenseRightsMember2023-12-310001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2022-04-2600016887572024-02-210001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheATermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2022-04-260001688757esta:MadrynCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2022-04-262022-04-260001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheBTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2022-04-260001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheCTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2024-02-210001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheDTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2024-02-210001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheDTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2024-02-202024-02-200001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheDTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2024-02-212024-02-210001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2022-04-262022-04-260001688757esta:TriggeringEventOneMemberesta:CreditAgreementTrancheBTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2022-04-260001688757esta:TriggeringEventOneMemberesta:CreditAgreementTrancheATermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2022-04-260001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMemberus-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPeriodOneMember2022-04-262022-04-260001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMemberus-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPeriodTwoMember2022-04-262022-04-260001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMemberus-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPeriodThreeMember2022-04-262022-04-260001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMemberus-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPeriodFourMember2022-04-262022-04-260001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheCTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2022-04-262022-04-260001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheDTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2022-04-262022-04-260001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheCTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2024-02-212024-02-210001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2024-09-300001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2022-04-262024-09-300001688757esta:OaktreeCreditAgreementMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:PrivatePlacementMember2024-01-092024-01-090001688757us-gaap:PrivatePlacementMember2024-01-090001688757esta:UnderwrittenPublicOfferingMember2023-04-272023-04-270001688757esta:UnderwrittenPublicOfferingMember2023-04-270001688757esta:UnderwriterSharesMember2023-04-270001688757us-gaap:OverAllotmentOptionMember2023-04-272023-04-2700016887572023-04-272023-04-270001688757us-gaap:WarrantMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:WarrantMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2023-12-310001688757esta:EquityIncentivePlan2018Member2024-09-300001688757esta:EquityIncentivePlan2018Member2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:RestrictedStockMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:RestrictedStockMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:EmployeeStockMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:EmployeeStockMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:PrivatePlacementMember2024-01-310001688757esta:RTWMasterFundLtd.Member2024-09-300001688757esta:RTWInnovationMasterFundLtd.Member2024-09-300001688757esta:EquityIncentivePlan2018Member2018-12-310001688757esta:EquityIncentivePlan2018Member2019-01-010001688757esta:EquityIncentivePlan2018Member2019-01-012019-01-010001688757esta:EquityIncentivePlan2018Member2023-01-010001688757esta:EquityIncentivePlan2018Member2024-01-010001688757esta:EquityIncentivePlan2018Member2020-01-010001688757esta:EquityIncentivePlan2018Member2022-01-010001688757esta:EquityIncentivePlan2018Member2021-01-010001688757us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember2024-07-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember2023-07-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757esta:ConsultantMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMemberus-gaap:ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMemberus-gaap:ShareBasedPaymentArrangementEmployeeMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757esta:ConsultantMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757esta:ConsultantMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMemberesta:ConsultantMemberus-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:ShareBasedPaymentArrangementNonemployeeMemberesta:ConsultantMemberus-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:RestrictedStockMembersrt:MinimumMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:RestrictedStockMembersrt:MaximumMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:RestrictedStockMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:RestrictedStockMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757esta:EmployeeAndNonemployeeStockOptionMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757esta:EmployeeAndNonemployeeStockOptionMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:ImmediateFamilyMemberOfManagementOrPrincipalOwnerMemberesta:HerramientasMedicasSAMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:ImmediateFamilyMemberOfManagementOrPrincipalOwnerMemberesta:HerramientasMedicasSAMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:ImmediateFamilyMemberOfManagementOrPrincipalOwnerMemberesta:HerramientasMedicasSAMember2024-09-300001688757us-gaap:ImmediateFamilyMemberOfManagementOrPrincipalOwnerMemberesta:HerramientasMedicasSAMember2023-12-310001688757us-gaap:ImmediateFamilyMemberOfManagementOrPrincipalOwnerMemberesta:DrChaconQuirosMember2016-12-310001688757us-gaap:ImmediateFamilyMemberOfManagementOrPrincipalOwnerMemberesta:DrChaconQuirosMember2022-08-310001688757us-gaap:ImmediateFamilyMemberOfManagementOrPrincipalOwnerMemberesta:DrChaconQuirosMember2020-12-012020-12-310001688757us-gaap:ImmediateFamilyMemberOfManagementOrPrincipalOwnerMemberesta:DrChaconQuirosMember2024-01-012024-09-300001688757us-gaap:ImmediateFamilyMemberOfManagementOrPrincipalOwnerMemberesta:DrChaconQuirosMember2023-01-012023-09-300001688757us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMemberus-gaap:RelatedPartyMemberesta:NicholasLewinBoDMember2022-12-122022-12-120001688757us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMemberus-gaap:RelatedPartyMemberesta:NicholasLewinBoDMember2023-05-282023-05-280001688757country:BR2024-01-012024-09-300001688757country:AR2024-01-012024-09-300001688757esta:MotivaBeneluxBVAndMotivaNLB.V.Memberus-gaap:SubsequentEventMember2024-10-012024-10-010001688757esta:MotivaBeneluxBVAndMotivaNLB.V.Memberus-gaap:SubsequentEventMember2024-10-082024-10-080001688757esta:MotivaBeneluxBVAndMotivaNLB.V.Memberus-gaap:SubsequentEventMember2024-11-012024-11-120001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheCTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMemberus-gaap:SubsequentEventMember2024-10-082024-10-080001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheCTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMemberus-gaap:SubsequentEventMember2024-10-080001688757esta:CreditAgreementTrancheDTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMemberus-gaap:SubsequentEventMember2024-11-072024-11-070001688757country:USesta:CreditAgreementTrancheDTermLoanMemberus-gaap:LineOfCreditMemberus-gaap:SubsequentEventMember2024-11-072024-11-070001688757us-gaap:SubsequentEventMemberus-gaap:PrivatePlacementMember2024-11-072024-11-070001688757us-gaap:SubsequentEventMemberus-gaap:PrivatePlacementMember2024-11-070001688757esta:PreFundedWarrantMemberus-gaap:SubsequentEventMemberus-gaap:PrivatePlacementMember2024-11-070001688757us-gaap:SubsequentEventMemberesta:PrivatePlacementAdditionalIssuanceMember2024-11-072024-11-070001688757us-gaap:SubsequentEventMemberesta:PrivatePlacementAdditionalIssuanceMember2024-11-07

美國
證券交易委員會
華盛頓特區20549
 
表格 10-Q
（標記一） 
☒    根據1934年證券交易法第13或15(d)節的季度報告
截至季度結束日期的財務報告2024年9月30日.
或者
☐    轉型 根據1934年證券交易所法案第13或15(d)條報告
過渡期從___________到_____________
委託文件編號：001-39866001-38593
Establishment Labs Holdings Inc.
（根據其章程規定的準確名稱）
英屬維爾京群島
98-1436377
註冊或組織所在地或其他司法轄區
註冊或組織
I.R.S.僱主識別號碼。
B15和25棟建築
科約爾自由區
阿拉胡埃拉
哥斯達黎加
不適用
主執行辦公室地址
郵政編碼
+506 2434 2400
註冊人電話號碼，包括區號。
不適用
如果上次報告以來更改了公司名稱、地址和財政年度，請註明。
請勾選適用的選項： (1) 在過去的12個月內（或註冊人要求提交這些報告的較短期間內），已按照證券交易法第13或第15(d)條的規定提交了所有要求提交的報告；並 (2) 在過去90天內一直履行了這些提交要求。是的 ☒沒有 ☐
請按複選標記指示是否在過去的12個月內（或註冊人需要提交此類文件的較短期間）每次提交自Rule 405條款和Regulation S-t（本章第232.405條）規定的互動數據文件。是的 ☒  否 ☐
用複選標記指明註冊人是大型加速申報人、加速申報人、非加速申報人、小型申報公司還是新興成長型公司。參見《交易法》第12b-2條中 「大型加速申報人」、「加速申報公司」、「小型申報公司」 和 「新興成長型公司」 的定義。
大型加速報告人☒
加速報表主體 ☐
非加速報告人 ☐
較小的報告公司☐
新興成長公司 ☐
如果新興成長公司，請勾選此項，以表示註冊人選擇不使用延長過渡期，遵守根據《證券交易法》第13(a)條規定提供的任何新的或修訂的財務會計準則。 ☐
請按複選標記指示是否爲殼公司（根據該法規第120億.2條款定義）。 是 ☐否 ☒
根據法案第12（b）條註冊的證券：
每一類的名稱交易標的在其上註冊的交易所的名稱
普通股，無面值ESTA
該 納斯達克資本市場
截至2024年11月11日，註冊人已發行的普通股數量爲 27,997,883.


目錄
  頁面
 
 
 
 
項目1A。
風險因素

i

說明：
在本報告中，除非上下文另有說明，"Establishment Labs"、"公司"、"我們"、"我們自己"和"我們的"指的是Establishment Labs Holdings Inc.，一家英屬維爾京群島實體，以及其合併子公司。
我們擁有或擁有與我們的業務控件相關的商標和商業名稱的權利，包括establishment labs和我們的標誌，以及其他品牌，如Motiva Implants、SilkSurface/SmoothSilk、VelvetSurface、ProgressiveGel、TrueMonobloc、BluSeal、Divina、Ergonomix、Ergomonix2、Ergonomix2金剛石、Mia Femtech和MotivaImagine等。本文中出現的其他商標和商業名稱爲其各自所有者的財產。爲了方便起見，本文中提到的某些商標和商業名稱未標註®和Tm符號，但在適用法律允許的最大範圍內，我們將主張我們對我們的商標和商業名稱的權利。
有關前瞻性聲明的特別說明
本報告包含根據1933年證券法第27A條及修訂案以及1934年證券交易法第21E條及修訂案的前瞻性陳述。您可以通過查找「近似」，「相信」，「期望」，「預計」，「估計」，「打算」，「將會」，「可能」或本報告中其他類似表達來找到這些陳述（但不是所有）。任何涉及到我們未來財務或經營績效、流動性、業務中預期的趨勢、我們的目標、戰略、重點和計劃以及其他對未來事件或情況的描述，包括表達對未來運營結果普遍樂觀的陳述，都屬於前瞻性陳述。
我們聲明依據1995年《私人證券訴訟改革法》中的安全港進行保護。我們警告投資者，本報告中提出的任何前瞻性聲明，或我們不時會以口頭或書面形式發表的聲明，都是我們基於當前可獲得信息所形成的信念和期望的表達。這些聲明是基於假設，實際結果將受已知和未知風險、趨勢、不確定因素和超出我們控制範圍的因素的影響。儘管我們認爲我們的假設是合理的，但它們並不是對未來表現的保證。因此，我們實際的未來結果可能會與我們的期望不同，且這些差異可能會是重大的。
可能導致或促成這些差異的因素包括但不限於下文「風險因素摘要」中討論的風險和不確定性，以及第II部分第1A條「風險因素」下討論的風險因素，此類風險因素可能會被我們隨後向證券交易委員會提出的提交資料不時修訂、更新或取代。本文中包括的風險和不確定性並非詳盡無遺，還可能有其他因素會對我們的業務和財務表現產生不利影響。我們運營在一個競爭激烈且快速變化的環境中。新的風險因素不時出現，我們無法預測所有此類風險因素，也無法評估所有此類風險因素對我們業務的影響，或任何因素或多因素結合可能導致實際結果與任何前瞻性陳述所含內容實質上有重大差異的程度。
我們不承擔更新任何向前看語句的義務。因此，投資者在依賴過去的向前看語句時應該謹慎，這些語句僅代表其發布日期的意見。

1


風險因素總結
以下是投資者在我們證券中的某些主要風險因素的摘要。您應該在投資公司之前，將此摘要與下文第1A項“風險因素”中討論的更詳細的風險和不確定性描述一起閱讀。
•全球經濟控制項不利，包括較慢增長或衰退、通膨或消費者支出能力或信心下降，過去已經且將來可能會對我們的業務、財務狀況或營運成果產生負面影響。
•我們預期在可預見的未來會遭受損失，而我們實現和維持盈利的能力取決於我們Motiva植入物的商業成功。
•如果我們可用的現金資源和預期的營運現金流無法滿足我們的流動性需求，我們可能會尋求出售股票或可轉換債務證券，簽訂信貸協議或其他形式的第三方資金，或尋求其他債務融資。
•我們在美國的運營歷史有限，可能會面臨在競爭激烈和快速變化的市場上早期商業化公司所遭遇的困難。
•我們的業務取決於維護我們的品牌以及產品和服務持續的客戶需求，若情感或需求顯著減少可能影響我們的營運結果。
•如果我們無法有效地與競爭對手競爭，而我們的競爭對手中許多擁有更豐富的資源，那麼我們的收入和營運結果可能會受到負面影響。
•我們現有設施的任何中斷都可能對我們的業務和營運結果產生不利影響。
•在某些市場，我們參與或預期會參與直接銷售工作。我們可能無法維持和發展我們的直接銷售團隊，因此我們的收入和財務結果可能會受到影響。此外，我們的直接銷售人員可能無法有效地賣出我們的產品。
•如果我們無法教育臨床醫生安全、有效和恰當地使用我們的產品和設計手術，我們可能會面臨不滿意的病人結果、負面宣發和增加的產品責任索賠，並可能無法實現我們預期的增長。
•我們的成功在一定程度上取決於我們持續增強現有產品和服務並開發或商業化符合客戶需求和偏好的新產品和服務，這將需要我們承擔巨額費用。
•延遲或無法獲取必要的許可或批准將對我們擴展業務的能力產生不利影響。
•遵守持續的監管義務和持續的監管審查可能導致額外的重大支出，如果我們未能遵守適用的監管要求，則可能使我們面臨罰款。
•醫療科技行業在聯邦、州和地方各級都是複雜且受嚴格監管的，政府機構可能判斷我們未能遵守適用法律或法規。
•我們依賴單一來源的第三方供應商提供醫療級的長期植入矽膠，這是我們Motiva植入物使用的主要原材料。正如過去所發生的情況一樣，如果這家供應商隨著時間增加這種原材料的價格，或無法持續供應我們這種原材料，我們的業務、財務控制項和運營結果可能會受到不利影響。
2

•我們對新興市場國家的經濟和政治情況有相當大的暴露，這些國家的發展可能會對我們的財務結果或我們的業務產生實質性的影響。
•大流行、流行病或其他公共衛生危機可能會對我們未來的業務和財務狀況產生負面影響，就像近年的COVID-19大流行一樣。
•金融服務行業受不良發展影響，例如涉及金融機構或交易對手的流動性、違約或不履行等實際事件或疑慮，可能對我們的流動性和財務表現產生不利影響。
•Our results of operations have been in the past, and could be in the future, adversely affected by fluctuations in currency rates.
•Negative publicity concerning our products or our competitors’ products, including due to product defects, recalls and any resulting litigation, could harm our reputation and reduce demand for silicone breast implants, either of which could adversely impact our financial results and/or share price.
•News coverage in recent years has called into question the long-term safety of breast implants and reports of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma linked to our competitors’ products which have led to regulatory actions regarding macrotextured devices in several countries and the worldwide recall of one of our competitor’s macrotextured implants and tissue expanders. These events and reports of other forms of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma and various lymphomas, from breast implant products may lead to a reduction in the demand for silicone breast implants and could adversely affect our business.
•The medical device industry is characterized by patent litigation, and we could become subject to litigation that could be costly, result in the diversion of management’s time and efforts, require us to pay damages or prevent us from marketing our existing or future products.
3
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share data)
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
九月三十日
2024		十二月三十一日
2023
（未審計）
資產
流動資產:
現金$39,697 $40,035 
應收帳款，扣除信用損失准備金 $2,715 和$1,841
67,251 46,918 
存貨淨額67,122 79,471 
預付費用及其他流動資產8,883 8,477 
全部流動資產182,953 174,901 
長期資產：
不動產、廠房及設備（扣除累計折舊）79,423 77,205 
商譽465 465 
無形資產，扣除累積攤銷金額為45,964。9,783 7,987 
淨承租權利運用資產4,849 3,381 
其他非流動資產5,212 4,702 
資產總計$282,685 $268,641 
負債及股東權益
流動負債：
應付賬款$34,397 $41,624 
應計負債13,821 13,690 
其他流動負債2,280 1,836 
流動負債合計50,498 57,150 
長期負債：
應付票據，扣除債務折價及發行成本194,360 188,739 
營運租賃負債，非流動3,825 2,712 
其他長期負債1,292 1,645 
總負債249,975 250,246 
承諾和或有事項（註13）
股東權益：
普通股—零面值，授權無限量; 28,372,099 而 26,495,250 分別於2024年9月30日和2023年12月31日發行的股份； 27,964,029 和 26,087,180 股份於2024年9月30日和2023年12月31日分別流通; 同時
368,930 315,634 
資本溢額73,569 63,748 
庫藏股，以成本計量， 408,070 分別於2024年9月30日和2023年12月31日持有的股份
(2,854)(2,854)
累積虧損(410,161)(360,096)
其他綜合收益累積額3,226 1,963 
股東權益總額
32,710 18,395 
負債總額及股東權益
$282,685 $268,641 
隨附附注是這些簡明綜合財務報表的重要組成部分。

4
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Revenue$40,227 $38,506 $121,511 $133,591 
Cost of revenue14,510 12,454 42,478 47,199 
Gross profit25,717 26,052 79,033 86,392 
Operating expenses:
Sales, general and administrative34,055 39,962 95,788 108,695 
Research and development4,801 7,128 14,562 20,608 
Total operating expenses38,856 47,090 110,350 129,303 
Loss from operations(13,139)(21,038)(31,317)(42,911)
Interest income234 271 1,278 516 
Interest expense(5,313)(3,679)(14,880)(11,055)
Other income (expense), net2,046 (4,158)(3,770)(2,086)
Loss before income taxes(16,172)(28,604)(48,689)(55,536)
Provision for income taxes(510)(669)(1,376)(2,424)
Net loss$(16,682)$(29,273)$(50,065)$(57,960)
Basic and diluted net loss per share$(0.59)$(1.12)$(1.80)$(2.28)
Weighted average outstanding shares used for basic and diluted net loss per share28,248,256 26,034,185 27,885,255 25,444,155 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Net loss$(16,682)$(29,273)$(50,065)$(57,960)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)110 144 1,263 (761)
Other comprehensive income (loss)110 144 1,263 (761)
Comprehensive loss$(16,572)$(29,129)$(48,802)$(58,721)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

Common SharesTreasury SharesAdditional
Paid-In
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Total
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance at January 1, 202426,495,250 $315,634 (408,070)$(2,854)$63,748 $(360,096)$1,963 $18,395 
Issuance of common shares, net of underwriters’ discount and issuance costs1,101,565 49,736 — — — — — 49,736 
Issuance of common shares in lieu of cash compensation
2,158 110 — — — — — 110 
Stock option exercises53,400 1,426 — — — — — 1,426 
Warrant exercises223,019 223 — — (223)— — — 
Share-based compensation11,979 12 — — 3,432 — — 3,444 
Shares withheld to cover income tax obligation upon vesting of restricted stock(2,622)(3)— — (116)— — (119)
Foreign currency translation gain— — — — — — 121 121 
Net loss— — — — — (16,202)— (16,202)
Balance at March 31, 202427,884,749 367,138 (408,070)(2,854)66,841 (376,298)2,084 56,911 
Issuance of common shares in lieu of cash compensation
2,418 110 — — — — — 110 
Warrant exercises376,972 377 — — (377)— — — 
Stock option exercises56,778 577 — — — — — 577 
Share-based compensation32,624 33 — — 3,725 — — 3,758 
Shares withheld to cover income tax obligation upon vesting of restricted stock(3,605)(3)— — (185)— — (188)
Foreign currency translation gain— — — — — — 1,032 1,032 
Net loss— — — — — (17,181)— (17,181)
Balance at June 30, 202428,349,936 368,232 (408,070)(2,854)70,004 (393,479)3,116 45,019 
Issuance of common shares in lieu of cash compensation
15,189 635 — — — — — 635 
Stock option exercises2,523 59 — — — — — 59 
Share-based compensation6,480 6 — — 3,650 — — 3,656 
Shares withheld to cover income tax obligation upon vesting of restricted stock(2,029)(2)— — (85)— — (87)
Foreign currency translation gain— — — — — — 110 110 
Net loss— — — — — (16,682)— (16,682)
Balance at September 30, 202428,372,099 $368,930 (408,070)$(2,854)$73,569 $(410,161)$3,226 $32,710 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

Common SharesTreasury SharesAdditional
Paid-In
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Total
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance at January 1, 202324,815,908 $223,637 (408,070)$(2,854)$49,911 $(281,594)$2,715 $(8,185)
Stock option exercises52,148 1,271 — — — — — 1,271 
Share-based compensation2,648 3 — — 3,321 — — 3,324 
Shares withheld to cover income tax obligation upon vesting of restricted shares(941)(1)— — (61)— — (62)
Foreign currency translation loss— — — — — — (402)(402)
Net loss— — — — — (11,942)— (11,942)
Balance at March 31, 202324,869,763 224,910 (408,070)(2,854)53,171 (293,536)2,313 (15,996)
Issuance of common shares, net of underwriters’ discount and issuance costs
1,265,000 84,538 — — — — — 84,538 
Issuance of common shares in lieu of cash compensation
509 35 — — — — — 35 
Stock option exercises13,293 210 — — — — — 210 
Share-based compensation36,517 36 — — 3,580 — — 3,616 
Shares withheld to cover income tax obligation upon vesting of restricted stock(4,049)(4)— — (278)— — (282)
Foreign currency translation loss— — — — — — (503)(503)
Net loss— — — — — (16,745)— (16,745)
Balance at June 30, 202326,181,033 $309,725 (408,070)$(2,854)$56,473 $(310,281)$1,810 $54,873 
Issuance of common shares, post-IPO4,306 250 — — — — — 250 
Issuance of common shares in lieu of cash compensation
713 35 — — — — — 35 
Stock option exercises23,850 593 — — — — — 593 
Share-based compensation5,321 5 — — 3,966 — — 3,971 
Shares withheld to cover income tax obligation upon vesting of restricted stock(1,719)(2)— — (104)— — (106)
Foreign currency translation gain— — — — — — 144 144 
Net loss— — — — — (29,273)— (29,273)
Balance at September 30, 202326,213,504 $310,606 (408,070)$(2,854)$60,335 $(339,554)$1,954 $30,487 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20242023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss$(50,065)$(57,960)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization4,680 2,944 
Provision for credit losses
966 712 
Provision for inventory obsolescence793 1,056 
Share-based compensation 10,858 10,911 
Loss/(gain) from disposal of property and equipment
(49)242 
Unrealized foreign currency (gain)/ loss, net1,851 (621)
Amortization of right-to-use asset504 542 
Change in reserve for PP&E impairment— (341)
Stock compensation in lieu of cash fees854 70 
Interest capitalized for construction in progress(555)(3,016)
Non-cash interest expense and amortization of debt discount5,622 9,860 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable(21,132)(19,634)
Inventory10,866 (32,958)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets347 (1,103)
Other assets(516)(149)
Accounts payable(4,376)8,674 
Accrued liabilities2,497 787 
Operating lease liabilities(443)(511)
Other liabilities(469)130 
Net cash used in operating activities(37,767)(80,365)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment(5,583)(7,253)
Cost incurred for intangible assets(5,883)(370)
Capital expenditures on construction in progress(2,326)(12,304)
Net cash used in investing activities(13,792)(19,927)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of common shares, net of underwriters’ discount and issuance costs
49,736 84,538 
Proceeds from stock option exercises2,062 2,074 
Tax payments related to shares withheld upon vesting of restricted stock(394)(450)
Net cash provided by financing activities51,404 86,162 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(183)(35)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
(338)(14,165)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period40,035 66,355 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$39,697 $52,190 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

9
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20242023
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for interest$5,118 $4,200 
Cash paid for income taxes$814 $1,810 
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Unpaid balance for property and equipment$1,186 $1,269 
Unpaid balance for intangible assets$344 $1,280 
Consideration payable related to asset acquisition
$— $250 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

10
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

1.    Formation and Business of the Company
Establishment Labs Holdings Inc., with its wholly owned subsidiaries, or the Company, is a global company that manufactures and markets innovative medical devices for aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. The Company was established in the British Virgin Islands on October 9, 2013, at which time Establishment Labs, S.A., the Costa Rican manufacturing company, was reincorporated as a wholly-owned subsidiary. As of September 30, 2024, the Company also has wholly-owned subsidiaries in the United States (JAMM Technologies, Inc. and Motiva USA LLC), Brazil (Establishment Labs Produtos para Saude Ltda), Belgium (European Distribution Center Motiva BV), France (Motiva Implants France SAS), Sweden (Motiva Nordica AB), Switzerland (JEN-Vault AG), the United Kingdom (Motiva Implants UK Limited), Italy (Motiva Italy S.R.L), Spain (Motiva Implants Spain, S.L.), Austria (Motiva Austria GmbH), Germany (Motiva Germany GmbH) and Argentina (Motiva Argentina S.R.L). Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are derived from the sale of silicone gel-filled breast implants, branded as Motiva Implants.
The main manufacturing activities are conducted at manufacturing facilities in Costa Rica. In 2024, the Company completed construction of its newest facility. In 2010, the Company began operating under the Costa Rica free zone regime (Régimen de Zona Franca), which provides for reduced income tax and other tax obligations pursuant to an agreement with the Costa Rican authorities.
The Company’s products are approved for sale in Europe, the Middle East, Latin America, and Asia, and the United States. In September 2024, the Company received PMA approval from the FDA for its Motiva Implants. Beginning in October 2024, the Company began selling Motiva Implants for use in breast augmentation for patients in the United States.
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the significant accounting policies described in Note 2 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021 presented in the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on March 4, 2024. Below are those policies with current period updates.
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 presented in the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 4, 2024.
11
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the Company’s accounts and those of its wholly owned subsidiaries as of September 30, 2024 as follows:
SubsidiaryIncorporation/Acquisition Date
Establishment Labs, S.A. (Costa Rica)January 18, 2004
Motiva USA, LLC (USA)February 20, 2014
JAMM Technologies, Inc. (USA)October 27, 2015
Establishment Labs Produtos par Saude Ltda (Brazil)January 4, 2016
European Distribution Center Motiva BV (Belgium)March 4, 2016
Motiva Implants France SAS (France)September 12, 2016
JEN-Vault AG (Switzerland)November 22, 2016
Motiva Nordica AB (Sweden)November 2, 2017
Motiva Implants UK Limited (the United Kingdom)July 31, 2018
Motiva Italy S.R.L (Italy)July 31, 2018
Motiva Implants Spain, S.L. (Spain)January 3, 2019
Motiva Austria GmbH (Austria)January 14, 2019
Motiva Germany GmbH (Germany)August 1, 2019
Motiva Argentina S.R.L (Argentina)February 7, 2020
All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Information
The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2024 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and the related interim information contained within the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments which are necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2024, and the results of its operations and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year 2024, or for any future period.
Segments
The chief operating decision maker for the Company is the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by information about revenue by geographic region, for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company has one business activity and there are no segment managers who are held accountable for operations, operating results or plans for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it has a single reportable and operating segment structure. The Company and its Chief Executive Officer evaluate performance based primarily on revenue in the geographic regions in which the Company operates.
Geographic Concentrations
The Company derives substantially all its revenues from sales to customers in Europe, the Middle East, Latin America, and Asia. The Company received approval to sell its Motiva Implants in the United States in September 2024 and Motiva Flora Tissue Expanded in October 2023. The revenue derived in the United States prior to the FDA approvals consisted of microtransponder sales.
12
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, no single country accounted for more than 10% of consolidated revenue, on a ship-to destination basis. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Brazil accounted for 14.0% of consolidated revenue and no other individual country exceeded 10% of consolidated revenue, on a ship-to destination basis.
The majority of the Company’s consolidated total assets, including cash and tangible assets, is held in the United States. The Company’s long-lived assets, which primarily consist of property and equipment and intangible assets located in Costa Rica, represented 82% and 80% of the total long-lived assets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates and management judgments reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements include items such as accounts receivable valuation and allowances, inventory valuation and allowances, valuation of acquired intangible assets, and valuation of deferred income tax assets, including tax valuation allowances. Estimates are based on historical experience, where applicable, and other assumptions believed to be reasonable by management. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and accounts receivable. The majority of the Company’s cash is held at two financial institutions in the United States. Balances in the Company’s cash accounts exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, limit of $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses to its deposits of cash.
Substantially all of the Company’s revenue has been derived from sales of its products in international markets, principally Europe, the Middle East, Latin America, and Asia. In the international markets in which the Company operates, the Company uses a combination of distributors and direct sales to customers. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its distributors and customers, does not require collateral, and maintains allowances for potential credit losses on customer accounts when deemed necessary.
Substantially all of the Company’s revenues were derived from the sale of Motiva Implants. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, no customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue. One customer accounted for approximately 17.1% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balance as of September 30, 2024. Two customers accounted for approximately 12.7% and 11.6% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2023.
The Company relies on Avantor, Inc. (formerly NuSil Technology, LLC), or Avantor, as the sole supplier of medical-grade silicone used in Motiva Implants. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had purchases of $8.2 million, or 29.9% of total purchases, and $45.2 million, or 69.5% of total purchases, respectively, from Avantor. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had an outstanding balance owed to this vendor of $7.4 million and $5.3 million, respectively.
The Company’s financial condition and future results of operations involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Factors that could affect the Company’s future operating results and cause actual results to vary materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, unfavorable economic conditions, uncertainty of regulatory approval of the Company’s current and potential future products, uncertainty of market acceptance of the Company’s products, competition from substitute products and larger companies, securing and protecting proprietary technology, access to capital, strategic relationships and dependence on key individuals and sole source suppliers.
Products developed by the Company require clearance from the FDA or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that the products will receive the necessary clearances. If the Company is denied clearance, clearance is delayed, or the Company is unable to maintain its existing clearances, these developments could have a material adverse impact on the Company.
13
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company’s cash consists of cash maintained in checking and interest-bearing accounts. The majority of the Company’s cash is held at two financial institutions in the United States, with balances in excess of FDIC insurance limits. The Company accounts for financial instruments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase as cash equivalents. The Company held $1.8 million and $2.8 million in cash equivalents as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Accounts receivable balance is stated at invoice value less estimated allowances for returns and credit losses. The Company continually monitors customer payments and maintains an allowance for estimated losses resulting from customers’ inability to make required payments. In evaluating the Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivable balances, the Company considers various factors including the age of the balance, the creditworthiness of the customer, which is assessed based on ongoing credit evaluations and payment history, and the customer’s current financial condition. In cases where there are circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations, an allowance is recorded against amounts due, which reduces the net recognized receivable to the amount reasonably believed to be collectible.
Inventory and Cost of Revenue
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost to purchase or manufacture the inventory or the net realizable value of such inventory. Cost is determined using the standard cost method which approximates actual costs using the first-in, first-out basis. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities, actual losses, projected future demand, and remaining shelf life to record a provision for obsolete and/or damaged inventory. Provision for inventory obsolescence of $3.7 million and $3.9 million has been recorded as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The Company recognizes the cost of inventory transferred to the customer in cost of revenue when revenue is recognized.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at the inception date of the contract. The Company has elected an expedient to account for each separate lease component and its associated non-lease components as a single lease component for the majority of its asset classes.
The lease term may include periods covered by options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise a renewal option, or reasonably certain it will not exercise an early termination option. The Company recognizes lease liabilities and right-of-use, or ROU, assets upon commencement for all material leases with a term greater than 12 months. The Company has elected an expedient not to recognize leases with a lease term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet. These short-term leases are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses. For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, shipping and handling costs were $1.8 million and $2.8 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, shipping and handling costs were $4.9 million and $9.2 million, respectively.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue related to sales of products to distributors or directly to customers in markets where it has regulatory approval, net of discounts and allowances. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASC 606 requires the Company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.
The Company recognizes revenue related to the sales of products to distributors at the time of shipment of the
14
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
product, which represents the point in time when the distributor has taken ownership and assumed the risk of loss, and the required revenue recognition criteria are satisfied. The Company’s distributors are obligated to pay within specified terms regardless of when, or if, they sell the products. The Company’s contracts with distributors typically do not contain right of return or price protection and have no post-delivery obligations.
The Company recognizes revenue when title to the product and risk of loss transfer to customers, provided there are no remaining performance obligations required of the Company or any written matters requiring customer acceptance. The Company allows for the return of products from direct customers in certain regions in limited instances within fifteen days after the original sale and records estimated sales returns as a reduction of sales in the same period revenue is recognized. Appropriate reserves are established for anticipated sales returns based on historical experience, recent gross sales and any notification of pending returns. Actual sales returns in any future period are inherently uncertain and thus may differ from the estimates. If actual sales returns differ significantly from the estimates, an adjustment to revenue in the current or subsequent period is recorded. An allowance of $0.1 million and $0.3 million was recorded for product returns as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Taxes collected from customers for remittance to governmental authorities are excluded from net sales.
A portion of the Company’s revenue is generated from the sale of consigned inventory maintained at physician, hospital, or clinic locations. For these products, revenue is recognized at the time the Company is notified by the consignee that the product has been implanted, not when the consigned products are delivered to the consignee’s warehouse.
Revenue was generated in these primary geographic markets:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
2024
2023
(in thousands)
EMEA (Europe / Middle East / Africa)$19,564 $23,328 $61,122 $63,499 
Latin America9,573 12,581 27,064 40,519 
Asia-Pacific10,772 2,417 32,820 27,963 
North America
318 180 505 1,610 
Total revenue$40,227 $38,506 $121,511 $133,591 
The Company has a limited warranty for the shelf life of breast implants, which is five years from the time of manufacture. Estimated warranty obligations are recorded at the time of sale. The Company also offers a warranty to patients in the event of rupture and a replacement program for capsular contracture events, provided certain registration requirements are met. Revenue for extended warranties is recognized ratably over the term of the agreement. To date, these warranty and program costs have been de minimis. The Company will continue to evaluate the warranty reserve policies for adequacy considering claims history.
Deferred revenue primarily consists of payments received in advance of meeting revenue recognition criteria. The Company has received payments from distributors to provide distribution exclusivity within a geographic area and recognizes revenue on a ratable basis over the term of such contractual distribution relationship. Additionally, the Company has received payments from customers in direct markets prior to surgical implantation and recognizes deferred revenue at the time the Company is notified by the customer that the product has been implanted. For all arrangements, any revenue that has been deferred and is expected to be recognized beyond one year is classified as long-term deferred revenue and included in “Other liabilities, long-term” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 3).
15
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Research and Development
Costs related to research and development, or R&D, activities are expensed as incurred. R&D costs primarily include personnel costs, materials, clinical expenses, regulatory expenses, product development, consulting services, and outside research activities, all of which are directly related to research and development activities.
The Company estimates IDE clinical trial expenses based on the services performed, pursuant to contracts with research institutions and clinical research organizations that conduct and manage clinical trials on its behalf. In accruing service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed and the level of patient enrollment and activity expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses include sales and marketing costs, payroll and related benefit costs, insurance expenses, shipping and handling costs, legal and professional fees and administrative overhead.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization.
The Company depreciates owned buildings on a straight-line basis over 50 years of useful life. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives of five to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the remaining lease term after factoring expected renewal periods. Upon retirement or disposal of assets, the costs and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is recognized in operations. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Substantially all of the Company’s manufacturing operations and related property and equipment are located in Costa Rica.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Company records the excess of the acquisition purchase price over the net fair value of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as goodwill. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, the Company tests goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. In connection with the annual impairment test for goodwill, the Company elected the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company determines that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the impairment test is performed.
Consistent with the Company's assessment that it has only one reporting segment, the Company has determined that it has only one reporting unit and tests goodwill for impairment at the entity level using the two-step process required by ASC 350. In the first step, the Company compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to the fair value of the enterprise. If the fair value of the enterprise exceeds the carrying value, goodwill is not considered impaired and no further testing is required. If the carrying value of the enterprise exceeds the fair value, goodwill is potentially impaired, and the second step of the impairment test must be performed. In the second step, the Company compares the implied fair value of the goodwill, as defined by ASC 350, to its carrying amount to determine the impairment loss, if any.
The Company capitalizes certain costs related to intangible assets, such as patents, trademarks and software development costs. The Company follows the provisions of ASC 350-40, Internal Use Software for determining whether computer software is internal-use software and on accounting for the costs of computer software originally developed or obtained for internal use. The Company expenses all costs incurred during the preliminary project stage of software development and capitalizes the costs incurred during the application development stage. Costs incurred relating to upgrades and enhancements to the software are capitalized if it is determined that these upgrades or enhancements add additional functionality to the software. Costs incurred to improve and support products after they become available are charged to expense as incurred.
The Company records purchased intangible assets at their respective estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Purchased finite-lived intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over their
16
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
remaining estimated useful lives, which range from two to fifteen years. The Company evaluates the remaining useful lives of intangible assets on a periodic basis to determine whether events or circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining estimated amortization period. The Company tests indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on at least an annual basis and whenever circumstances suggest the assets may be impaired. If indicators of impairment are present, the Company evaluates the carrying value of the intangible assets in relation to estimates of future undiscounted cash flows. The Company also evaluates the remaining useful life of an indefinite-lived intangible asset to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, there was no impairment of goodwill or intangible assets based on the qualitative assessments performed by the Company. As of September 30, 2024, no triggering events have occurred which would indicate that the acquired intangible asset values may not be recoverable.
Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable. When such an event occurs, management determines whether there has been impairment by comparing the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flows to the related asset group’s carrying value. If an asset is considered impaired, the asset is written down to fair value, which is determined based either on discounted cash flows or appraised value, depending on the nature of the asset. There were no impairment charges, or changes in estimated useful lives recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, no triggering events have occurred which would indicate that the acquired long-lived asset values may not be recoverable.
Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Discounts
Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of new debt are capitalized. Capitalizable debt issuance costs paid to third parties and debt discounts, net of amortization, are recorded as a reduction to the long-term debt balance on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense on capitalized debt issuance costs and debt discounts related to loans are calculated using the effective interest method over the term of the loan commitment and is recorded as interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes
The Company records income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or income tax returns. In estimating future tax consequences, expected future events, enactments or changes in the tax law or rates are considered. Valuation allowances are provided when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The Company operates in various tax jurisdictions and is subject to audits by various tax authorities.
The Company records uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process whereby (1) a determination is made as to whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. Significant judgment is required in the identification of uncertain tax positions and in the estimation of penalties and interest on uncertain tax positions.
There were no material uncertain tax positions in fiscal year 2023 or for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Foreign Currency
The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries whose functional currencies are the local currencies are translated into U.S. dollars for consolidation as follows: assets and liabilities at the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity at the historical rates of exchange, and income and expense amounts at the average exchange rate for the period. Translation adjustments resulting from the translation of the subsidiaries’ accounts are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income” as equity in the condensed
17
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
consolidated balance sheet. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the applicable functional currency are converted to the functional currency at the exchange rate on the transaction date. At period end, monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured to the functional currency using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included within “Other income (expense), net” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, foreign currency transaction gain amounted to $2.2 million as compared to a foreign currency transaction loss of $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, foreign currency transaction loss amounted to $3.6 million as compared to a foreign currency transaction loss of $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Comprehensive Loss
The Company’s comprehensive loss consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments arising from the consolidation of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all share-based awards in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Stock Compensation. Share-based awards granted include stock options, restricted stock units, or RSUs, and restricted stock awards, or RSAs. Share-based compensation expense for stock options and RSAs or RSUs granted to employees is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the awards and is recognized as an expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of options to purchase shares is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model.
The calculation of share-based compensation expense requires the Company to make assumptions and judgments about the variables used in the Black-Scholes model, including the expected term, expected volatility of the underlying common shares, risk-free interest rate and dividends.
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, any shares issuable upon exercise of warrants, stock options and non-vested RSUs or RSAs outstanding under the Company’s equity plan are potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for periods where the Company reported a net loss because including the dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no material impact on the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2024 or results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Recent Accounting Standards
Periodically, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption.
The following recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements:
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure
18
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
requirements for reportable segments, especially significant segment expenses, and provides new disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the updated requirements, but based on current understanding, does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances the disclosure requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on the financial statement disclosures.
3.     Balance Sheet Accounts
Inventory, Net
September 30,
2024		December 31,
2023
(in thousands)
Raw materials$34,411 $40,663 
Work in process2,458 1,727 
Finished goods30,253 37,081 
Total inventory, net
$67,122 $79,471 
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $9.6 million and $7.1 million of inventory was on consignment, respectively.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
September 30,
2024		December 31,
2023
(in thousands)
Prepaid insurance$1,916 $2,747 
Prepaid services635 420 
Prepaid taxes390 1,073 
Prepaid assets641 394 
Prepaid raw materials and accessories535 468 
Prepaid U.S. clinical trial costs196 176 
Prepaid warranty and distribution rights412 275 
Prepaid software678 506 
Other
3,480 2,418 
Total prepaid expenses
$8,883 $8,477 
19
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Property and Equipment, Net
September 30,
2024		December 31,
2023
(in thousands)
Machinery and equipment$22,869 $20,510 
Building improvements16,783 10,626 
Furniture and fixtures15,271 9,224 
Building37,227 16,109 
Leasehold improvements2,591 2,600 
Land3,694 3,694 
Vehicles176 176 
Construction in process— 30,593 
Total98,611 93,532 
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization(19,188)(16,327)
Total property and equipment, net
$79,423 $77,205 
For each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $1.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $3.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively.
In August 2021, the Company entered into a contract with the Zona Franca Coyol, S.A., or ZFC, to begin construction of a new manufacturing facility in the Coyol Free Zone, or the CFZ, in Costa Rica. The costs for improvement of the land and construction of a cold shell building were being paid for by ZFC while the Company paid for internal improvements and customization. In 2022, the Company exercised its option to purchase the title to the land and cold shell building for approximately $12.6 million. The construction for this third facility was completed in June 2024. The Company also has the option to buy an adjacent lot of land for approximately $2.8 million and engage ZFC to construct an additional manufacturing facility.
20
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Accrued Liabilities
September 30,
2024		December 31,
2023
(in thousands)
Performance bonus$4,941 $4,451 
Payroll and related expenses5,512 5,223 
Operating lease liabilities - current1,148 773 
Commissions445 344 
Professional and legal services590 1,269 
Taxes121 109 
Warranty reserve134 119 
Other930 1,402 
Total accrued liabilities$13,821 $13,690 
Other Liabilities, Short-Term
September 30,
2024		December 31,
2023
(in thousands)
Deferred revenue$1,653 $1,836 
Other
627 — 
Total other liabilities, short-term
$2,280 $1,836 
Other Liabilities, Long-Term
September 30,
2024		December 31,
2023
(in thousands)
Deferred revenue$1,213 $1,498 
Other79 147 
Total other liabilities, long-term
$1,292 $1,645 
4.     Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of entities accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting are recorded at the estimated fair value of the assets acquired. Purchased intangibles include certain patents and license rights, 510(k) authorization by the FDA to sell a medical device and other intangible assets.
The Company’s goodwill and most intangibles at September 30, 2024 are the result of previous asset and business acquisitions. Finite-lived intangibles are amortized over their estimated useful lives based on expected future benefit.
In addition to the intangibles acquired, the Company capitalized certain patent and license rights as identified
21
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
intangibles based on patent and license rights agreements entered into over the past several years. Additionally, the Company capitalized certain software development costs.
There were no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:
Balance as of January 1, 2024
AdditionsAccumulated Impairment Losses
Balance as of September 30, 2024
(in thousands)
Goodwill$465 $— $— $465 
The carrying amounts of these intangible assets other than goodwill as of September 30, 2024 were as follows:
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountEstimated Useful Lives
(in thousands)(in years)
Patents and license rights$2,033 $(1,484)$549 
7-12
Customer relationships2,033 (1,949)84 
4-10
510(k) authorization567 (336)231 15
Developed technology62 (62)— 10
Capitalized software development costs12,373 (3,988)8,385 
2-5
Other183 (90)93 
2-5
Patents and license rights not yet amortized
441 — 441 
Total intangibles other than goodwill
$17,692 $(7,909)$9,783 
The carrying amounts of intangible assets other than goodwill as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountEstimated Useful Lives
(in thousands)(in years)
Patents and license rights$2,007 $(1,414)$593 
7-12
Customer relationships2,033 (1,987)46 
4-10
510(k) authorization567 (307)260 15
Developed technology62 (62)— 10
Capitalized software development costs5,293 (2,653)2,640 
2-5
Other183 (41)142 
2-5
Capitalized software development costs not yet amortized
3,865 — 3,865 
Patents and license rights not yet amortized
441 — 441 
Total intangibles other than goodwill
$14,451 $(6,464)$7,987 
For each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, amortization expense related to intangible assets was $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The amortization expense associated with intangible assets was $1.4 million and $0.9 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
22
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Non-product related amortization is recorded in SG&A while product related amortization is recorded in cost of revenue.
As of September 30, 2024, the amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets, with definite useful lives, in future periods is expected to be as follows:
Year Ending December 31,
Amortization Expense
(in thousands)
2024 (remaining)
$622 
2025
2,457 
20261,994 
20271,762 
20281,615 
Thereafter892 
Total expected future amortization expense
$9,342 
The Company evaluates the recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there was no impairment of goodwill or intangible assets based on the qualitative assessments performed by the Company. As of September 30, 2024, no triggering events have occurred which would indicate that the acquired intangible asset values may not be recoverable.
5.    Debt
Oaktree Debt
On April 26, 2022, or the Closing Date, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement and Guaranty, or the Credit Agreement, together with certain of its subsidiaries party thereto as guarantors, the lenders from time to time party thereto, or the Lenders, and Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as administrative agent for the Lenders, or the Administrative Agent, pursuant to which the Lenders agreed to make term loans to the Company in an aggregate principal amount of up to $225 million, or collectively, the Term Loans.
On February 21, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement, or the Amendment, which amends terms applicable to the two remaining available tranches, Tranche C Term Loans and Tranche D Term Loans. The terms of the Tranche A Term Loans and Tranche B Term Loans were not modified.
Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, as amended, the Term Loans will be advanced in four tranches:
•The first tranche, or the Tranche A Term Loan, was advanced in the amount of $150 million on the Closing Date. A portion of the first tranche was used to repay the outstanding principal and interest under the Company’s credit agreement with Madryn Health Partners, LP, as administrative agent, and a syndicate of lenders in full, including the early repayment penalty of $6.5 million.
•The second tranche, or the Tranche B Term Loan, of $25 million was advanced in December 2022 at the Company’s election upon satisfaction of specified gross sales thresholds and subject to the other terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement.
•The third tranche, or the Tranche C Term Loan, of $25 million was advanced in October 2024 at the Company’s election following the Administrative Agent’s receipt of evidence that the FDA’s approval of Motiva Implants for augmentation use in the United States had been issued, subject to the other terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement and the Amendment.
•Based on terms existing as of September 30, 2024, the fourth tranche, or the Tranche D Term Loan, of $25 million would be advanced at the Company’s election prior to June 30, 2025, subject to the
23
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Administrative Agent having received both (a) evidence that a specified gross sales threshold has been met, and (b) the Tranche C Term Loan having been funded, and subject to the other terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment reduced the applicable gross sales threshold from trailing twelve-month gross sales of $225 million to $195 million. As described in Note 14 “Subsequent Events”, the funding terms for the Tranche D Term Loan were amended pursuant to a Third Amendment to Credit Agreement entered into on November 7, 2024.
The Term Loans will mature on the 5-year anniversary of the Closing Date, or the Maturity Date. The Term Loans accrue interest at a rate equal to 9% per annum for Tranche A and Tranche B, 10% per annum for Tranche C and Tranche D, or, at any time following the Tranche C Funding Milestone and the Administrative Agent’s receipt of evidence that a gross sale threshold of $225 million in trailing twelve month gross sales have been met, 8.25% per annum for Tranche A and Tranche B. Accrued interest is due and payable in cash on the last business day of March, June, September, and December of each year; provided, however, that prior to the second anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company may pay an amount of interest on the outstanding Tranche A Term Loans and Tranche B Term Loans corresponding to 600 basis points of the interest rate in kind, or PIK, on each applicable payment date, subject to prior written notice delivered to the Administrative Agent, which has been delivered. Each of the Term Loans will be subject to the original issue discount of 2% of the principal amount thereof upon the drawing of each applicable tranche. Upon any payment or prepayment in full or in part of the Term Loans, whether voluntary or involuntary, the Company is required to pay an exit fee equal to 3% of the principal amount of the Term Loan paid, or the Exit Fee.
The Company may elect to prepay all or any portion of the amounts owed prior to the Maturity Date, provided that the Company provides notice to the Administrative Agent, the amount is not less than $5 million, and the amount is accompanied by all accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of prepayment, plus the applicable yield protection premium and the applicable Exit Fee. Prepayments of the Tranche A Term Loans or Tranche B Term Loans prior to the second anniversary of the Closing Date or prepayments of the Tranche C Term Loans or Tranche D Term Loans prior to the one-year anniversary of the applicable funding date will be accompanied by a yield protection premium equal to the sum of all interest that would have accrued through such second anniversary plus 4% of the principal amount so prepaid. Prepayments of the Term Loans after the second anniversary of the Closing Date in the case of Tranche A Term Loans and Tranche B Term Loans or the one year anniversary of the applicable funding date in the case of the Tranche C Term Loans and the Tranche D Term Loans but before, in each case, the third anniversary of the Closing Date, will be accompanied by a yield protection premium equal to 4% of the principal amount so prepaid if made prior to the third anniversary of the Closing Date, 2% if made on or after the 3rd anniversary of the Closing Date but prior to the fourth anniversary of the Closing Date, and 0% if made on or after the 4th anniversary of the Closing Date. If the Term Loans are accelerated following the occurrence of an event of default, the Company shall immediately pay to Lenders the sum of all obligations for principal, accrued interest, the applicable yield maintenance premium and the applicable Exit Fee. Under the Amendment, Tranche D Term Loans were modified to provide for a make whole plus 4% for any prepayments of the Tranche C Term Loans and Tranche D Term Loans during the one year period after their advance. The existing prepayment premium schedule was otherwise preserved.
Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the obligations of the Company are guaranteed by its subsidiaries that are party thereto as guarantors. On the Closing Date, the Company and such subsidiaries entered into a U.S. Security Agreement in favor of the Administrative Agent on behalf of Lenders, or the U.S. Security Agreement. Pursuant to the U.S. Security Agreement, the Company and its subsidiaries party thereto granted the Administrative Agent a security interest in substantially all of its personal property, rights and assets to secure the payment of all amounts owed to Lenders under the Credit Agreement.
The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and restrictive covenants and representations and warranties. The Company and its subsidiaries are bound by certain affirmative covenants setting forth actions that are required during the term of the Credit Agreement, including, without limitation, certain information delivery requirements, obligations to maintain certain insurance, and certain notice requirements. Additionally, the Company and its subsidiaries are bound by certain restrictive covenants setting forth actions that are not permitted to be taken during the term of the Credit Agreement without prior written consent, including, without limitation, incurring certain additional indebtedness, consummating certain mergers, acquisitions or other business combination transactions, or incurring any non- permitted lien or other encumbrance on the assets of the
24
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Company or any of its subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement also contains other customary provisions, such as confidentiality obligations and indemnification rights for the benefit of Lenders. The Credit Agreement contains financial covenants requiring (a) the Company to maintain minimum liquidity of at least $20 million from and after the Closing Date or $25 million from and after the funding of the Tranche B Term Loans, and (b) for each fiscal quarter until gross sales of the Company and its subsidiaries for any 12-consecutive month period are no less than $200 million, minimum gross sales of the Company and its subsidiaries for each consecutive 12-month period ending on the last day of each fiscal quarter in excess of 50% of specified target gross sales for such period. The Credit Agreement provides for a customary equity cure right in the event the Company fails to comply with the minimum gross sales covenant.
As of September 30, 2024, the effective interest rate under the Credit Agreement is 10.4%, and the weighted average interest rate is 9.0%. The Company elected to pay interest in kind on up to two-thirds of cash interest payments prior to the second anniversary of the Closing Date, resulting in a minimum initial cash interest rate of 3.00%. In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company incurred $5.2 million and $4.3 million in interest expense during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $15.2 million and $12.6 million in interest expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. No principal payments are due on the Term Loans until the final maturity date on April 26, 2027.
As of September 30, 2024, $196.4 million was outstanding under the Credit Agreement representing the initial principal of $150 million for the Tranche A Term Loan, $25 million for the Tranche B Term Loan and $21.4 million of interest accrued into the principal balance.
The Company recorded Oaktree debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:
September 30,
2024		December 31,
2023
(in thousands)
Principal$196,367 $192,566 
Net unamortized debt discount and issuance costs(2,007)(3,827)
Net carrying value of Oaktree debt$194,360 $188,739 
As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial debt covenants.
6.     Leases
The Company recognizes lease liabilities and ROU assets upon commencement for all material leases with a term greater than 12 months. The Company has elected an expedient not to recognize leases with a lease term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet. These short-term leases are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When the rate implicit to the lease cannot be readily determined, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of the future lease payments. Lease liabilities are accreted each period and reduced for payments. The ROU asset also includes other adjustments, such as for the effects of escalating rents, rent abatement or initial lease costs. The lease term may include periods covered by options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise a renewal option, or reasonably certain it will not exercise an early termination option. For operating leases, lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. For finance leases, the ROU asset depreciates on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or useful life of the ROU asset and the lease liability accretes interest based on the interest method using the discount rate determined at lease commencement. The Company’s finance leases are not material.
25
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The Company has operating leases for facilities and office spaces. Operating lease assets and the related lease liabilities are included within the ROU operating lease assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is performed at the inception of the arrangement. The Company has operating leases for certain facilities, and office spaces to be used in its operations, with remaining lease terms ranging from monthly to 7 years. These leases require monthly lease payments that may be subject to annual increases throughout the lease term. Certain of these leases also include renewal options at the election of the Company to renew or extend the lease for additional years. These optional periods have not been considered in the determination of the ROU or lease liabilities associated with these leases as management did not consider it reasonably certain it would exercise the options.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company earned income from subleasing a warehouse facility for the remaining life of an existing master lease. The sublease agreement did not release the Company from its obligations under the master lease, and no modifications were made to the lease agreement. Income from the sublease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.
The Company’s lease and sublease agreements do not contain any termination options, material residual value guarantees, material bargain purchase options or material restrictive covenants. The Company does not have any lease transactions with related parties.
Total lease cost includes the following components:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
(in thousands)
Operating lease expense cost$1,023 $819 
Sublease income
(233)(156)
Total lease cost, net of sublease income$790 $663 
September 30,
2024		December 31,
2023
Supplemental balance sheet information
(in thousands)
Operating lease right-of-use assets$4,849 $3,381 
Operating lease liabilities - short-term$1,148 $773 
Operating lease liabilities - long-term3,825 2,712 
Total operating lease liabilities$4,973 $3,485 
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases4.14.6
Weighted-average discount rate (%)
Operating leases10.8 %9.3 %
26
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities(in thousands)
Operating cash outflows from operating lease expenses
$908 $796 
Operating cash inflows from subleases
(239)(135)
Operating cash outflows from operating leases, net of sublease income$669 $661 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities
Operating leases$2,091 $478 
Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024 were as follows:
Years Ending December 31,
Operating Leases
(in thousands)
2024 (remaining)
$370 
2025
1,607 
20261,536 
20271,360 
2028840 
Thereafter538 
Total future minimum lease payments6,251 
Less: Amount of lease payments representing interest(1,278)
Present value of future minimum lease payments$4,973 
The undiscounted future cash receipts from the Company’s sublease as of September 30, 2024 were as follows:
Years Ending December 31,
Sublease
(in thousands)
2024 (remaining)
$82 
2025
332 
2026343 
2027355 
2028368 
Thereafter315 
Total undiscounted future sublease cash receipts
$1,795 
7.    Shareholders’ Equity
Under the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, or Articles, in effect as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has authorized an unlimited number of common shares with no par value.
27
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 28,372,099 and 26,495,250 common shares, respectively, were issued and 27,964,029 and 26,087,180 common shares, respectively, were outstanding.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted stock options and RSUs to employees and contractors (see Note 9).
On January 9, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with select institutional accredited investors to sell 1,101,565 common shares at a price of $25.00 per share and pre-funded warrants to purchase 898,435 common shares at a price of $24.999 per share. The pre-funded warrants may be exercised immediately at a price of $0.001 per share until exercised in full. Net proceeds to the Company from the offering, after deducting offering expenses, were approximately $49.7 million.
On April 27, 2023, the Company issued 1,100,000 common shares in an underwritten public offering, at a price to the public of $71.50 per share. The underwriters purchased the shares from the Company at a price of $67.21 per share and exercised the option to purchase an additional 165,000 common shares, at the public offering price per share. Net proceeds to the Company after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses were approximately $84.6 million.
The Company had reserved common shares for future issuances as follows:
September 30,
2024
December 31, 2023
Warrants to purchase common shares298,435 — 
Options to purchase common shares1,442,501 1,487,387 
Remaining shares available under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan2,861,321 2,953,884 
Shares issuable on vesting of grants of RSUs299,974 196,177 
Remaining shares available under the 2018 ESPP1,222,000 1,035,000 
Total common shares reserved for future issuances
6,124,231 5,672,448 
8.    Warrants
In January 2024, the Company issued pre-funded warrants for the purchase of 898,435 common shares to select institutional accredited investors at a fixed exercise price of $0.001 per share. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable immediately and until exercised in full.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, warrants to purchase 600,000 shares were net exercised to obtain 599,991 shares. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, zero warrants were exercised. As of September 30, 2024, warrants to purchase 298,435 common shares were outstanding and exercisable, as set forth in the table below. As of December 31, 2023, no warrants were outstanding and exercisable.
Warrant HolderIssue DateSharesExercise PriceExpiration Date
RTW Master Fund, Ltd.1/9/2024164,367$0.001 *
RTW Innovation Master Fund, Ltd.1/9/2024134,068$0.001 *
* The warrants are exercisable immediately and until exercised in full.
9.     Share-Based Compensation
In 2015, the Board of Directors approved and adopted the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, or 2015 Plan. Pursuant to the 2015 Plan, the Company granted RSAs and stock options to members of the Board of Directors, employees and consultants.
28
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
In 2018, the Board of Directors terminated the 2015 Plan and approved the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, with an initial reserve of 1,500,000 common shares. Under the 2018 Plan, the Company may grant stock options, equity appreciation rights, RSUs and RSAs. If an award granted under the 2018 Plan expires, terminates, is unexercised, or is forfeited, or if any shares are surrendered in connection with an incentive award, the shares subject to such award and the surrendered shares become available for further awards under the 2018 Plan.
Pursuant to the “evergreen” provision contained in the 2018 Plan, the number of common shares reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan automatically increases on first day of each fiscal year, commencing on January 1, 2019, in an amount equal to the least of (1) 750,000 shares, (2) 4% of the total number of the Company’s common shares outstanding on the last day of the preceding fiscal year, or (3) a number of common shares as may be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors prior to any such increase date. On each of January 1, 2019 through 2024 the number of common shares authorized for issuance increased automatically by 750,000 shares in accordance with the evergreen provision, increasing the maximum number of common shares reserved under the 2018 Plan to 6,000,000.
During the periods presented, the Company recorded the following share-based compensation expense for stock options and RSUs:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
(in thousands)
Sales, general and administrative $3,036$3,205$9,051$9,219
Research and development6207661,8071,692
Total stock compensation expense
$3,656$3,971$10,858$10,911
Stock Options
 Number of Options OutstandingWeighted-Average Exercise PriceWeighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2023
1,487,387 $47.47 6.27$4,308 
Granted (weighted-average fair value $33.03 per share)
208,152 46.95 
Exercised(112,701)18.30 
Forfeited/canceled(140,337)69.16 
Balances at September 30, 2024
1,442,501 $47.56 6.47$12,833 
As of September 30, 2024, 964,349 options were vested and exercisable with a weighted-average exercise price of $42.79 per share and a total aggregate intrinsic value of $12.1 million.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 112,701 options were exercised at a weighted-average price of $18.30 per share. The intrinsic value of the options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $3.5 million and $3.9 million, respectively. Upon the exercise of stock options, the Company issued new shares from its authorized shares.
29
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
At September 30, 2024, unrecognized compensation expense was $11.3 million related to stock options granted to employees and members of the Board of Directors and $1.1 million related to stock options granted to consultants. The weighted-average period over which such compensation expense will be recognized is 2.2 years.
Stock Options Granted to Employees
Share-based compensation expense for employees is based on the grant date fair value. The Company recognizes compensation expense for all share-based awards ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting term of four years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $5.6 million and $6.7 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense for stock options granted to employees.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model to value options granted to employees and consultants, which requires the use of highly subjective assumptions to determine the fair value of share-based awards. The assumptions used in the Company’s option-pricing model represent management’s best estimates. These estimates are complex, involve a number of variables, uncertainties and assumptions and the application of management’s judgment. If factors change and different assumptions are used, the Company’s share-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. The assumptions and estimates that the Company uses in the Black-Scholes model are as follows:
▪Fair Value of Common Shares. The closing price of the Company’s publicly-traded common shares on the date of grant is used as the fair value of the shares. The Board of Directors intended all options granted to be exercisable at a price per share not less than the estimated per share fair value of the shares underlying those options on the date of grant.
▪Risk-Free Interest Rate. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes valuation model on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a term equivalent to that of the term of the options for each option group on the measurement date.
▪Term. For employee stock options, the expected term represents the period that the Company’s share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. Because of the limitations on the sale or transfer of the Company’s shares during the period the Company was a privately held company, the Company does not believe its historical exercise pattern is indicative of the pattern it experiences as a publicly traded company. The Company consequently uses the Staff Accounting Bulletin 110, or SAB 110, simplified method to calculate the expected term of employee stock options, which is the average of the contractual term and vesting period. The Company plans to continue to use the SAB 110 simplified method until it has sufficient trading history as a publicly traded company. For consultant stock options, the term used is equal to the remaining contractual term on the measurement date.
▪Volatility. The Company determines the price volatility based on the historical volatilities of industry peers as it does not have sufficient trading history for its shares. Industry peers consist of several public companies in the medical device industry with comparable characteristics, including revenue growth, operating model and working capital requirements. The Company intends to continue to consistently apply this process using the same or a similar peer group of public companies until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of its own shares becomes available, or unless circumstances change such that the identified peer companies are no longer similar, in which case other suitable peer companies whose common share prices are publicly available would be utilized in the calculation. The volatility is calculated based on the term on the measurement date.
▪Dividend Yield. The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s current expectations about its anticipated dividend policy. The Company has no expectation that it will declare dividends on its common shares, and therefore has used an expected dividend yield of zero.
30
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The fair value of stock options granted to employees was estimated using the following assumptions:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
Volatility
63% - 88%
62% - 66%
Risk-free interest rate
3.7% - 4.8%
3.4% - 4.4%
Term (in years)6.256.25
Dividend yield——
Stock Options Granted to Non-Employees
Share-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to non-employees is recognized as the stock options are earned using an accelerated attribution method. The Company believes that the estimated fair value of the stock options is more readily measurable than the fair value of the services rendered. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized expense of $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, for stock options granted to consultants.
The fair value of stock options granted to consultants was estimated using the following assumptions during the following periods presented:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
Volatility
57% - 68%
60% - 62%
Risk-free interest rate
4.3% - 4.5%
4.0%
Term (in years)1010
Dividend yield——
Restricted Stock
Each vested RSU entitles the holder to be issued one common share. These awards vest according to a vesting schedule determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, generally over a one to four year period.
The following table represents RSU activity for fiscal 2024:
 Restricted Stock Units Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding unvested at December 31, 2023
196,177 $56.89 
Granted187,050 47.46 
Vested(51,083)65.36 
Forfeited/canceled(32,170)60.36 
Outstanding unvested at September 30, 2024
299,974 $49.19 
The fair value of RSUs is the grant date market value of common shares. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense related to RSUs using a straight-line method over the vesting term of the awards. The
31
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
share-based compensation expense for RSUs that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was $4.8 million and $3.5 million, respectively, which was calculated based on the market value of the Company’s common shares on the applicable grant date.
As of September 30, 2024, the Company had unrecognized share-based compensation cost of approximately $12.7 million associated with unvested awards of RSUs. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.5 years.
10.    Net Loss Per Share
The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Numerator:
Net loss$(16,682)$(29,273)$(50,065)$(57,960)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used for basic and diluted earnings per share28,248,256 26,034,185 27,885,255 25,444,155 
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted
$(0.59)$(1.12)$(1.80)$(2.28)
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares and dilutive share equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-share method and the as-if converted method, for convertible securities, if inclusion of these is dilutive.
If the Company reports a net loss, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for those periods because including the dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive.
The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding at the end of the periods presented have been excluded from the computation of diluted shares:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
Options to purchase common shares1,442,501 1,565,802 
Shares issuable on vesting of grants of RSUs299,974 222,573 
Total potentially dilutive shares outstanding
1,742,475 1,788,375 
11.    Related Party Transactions
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded revenue of $1.0 million and $1.0 million each for product sales to Herramientas Medicas, S.A., a distribution company owned by a family member of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Accounts receivable owed to the Company from this distribution company amounted to approximately $0.5 million and $0.6 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
In 2016, the Company also entered into a separate agreement with Dr. Chacón Quirós, the brother of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer Juan José Chacón Quirós, to maintain his clinic in Costa Rica as a
32
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
MotivaImagine Excellence Center and to host and train physicians in the use of the Company’s products in relevant procedures, among other services, in exchange for cash reimbursement of up to $4,500 per day that such services are rendered. In August 2022, the Company entered into a new agreement with Dr. Chacón Quirós, replacing the original agreement, to continue the training services in exchange for cash reimbursement of his hourly rate of $531 when such services are rendered. In December 2020, Dr. Chacón Quirós was granted options to purchase 22,068 common shares vesting over four years in equal annual installments, provided that he continues to provide these services at such times. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid Dr. Chacón Quirós approximately $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for services rendered.
On December 12, 2022, the Company granted to Nicholas Lewin, a member of the board of directors, a stock option award for 7,829 options with a grant date fair value of $0.4 million as a compensation for consulting services he performs for the Company in addition to his services as a non-employee director. In addition, on May 28, 2023, the Company awarded Mr. Lewin a performance-based grant for 27,756 restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $1.8 million as compensation for consulting services he performed for the Company.
12.     Employee Benefits
Short-term employee benefits, including vacation (paid absences) and year-end bonuses (also known as 13th month salary), are current liabilities included in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and are calculated at the non-discounted amount that the Company expects to pay as a result of uncharged employee salaries or retentions.
Regarding employee termination benefits, Costa Rica labor laws establish the payment of benefits in case of death, retirement or termination without cause. This compensation is calculated according to time served in the Company and the corresponding salary in the last six months of employment and is equal to between 19.5 and 22 days’ salary for each year served, up to a maximum of 8 years.
Company policy recognizes termination benefits as expenses of the period during which the termination occurs, when the legal obligation is assumed due to the aforementioned events.
As of September 30, 2024, the Company has 43 employees in Brazil and 3 employees in Argentina who are represented by a labor union.
13.     Commitments and Contingencies
Contingencies
Periodically, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made, and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, and as of December 31, 2023, contingent liabilities were not material, individually or in aggregate, to the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, any monetary liability or financial impact to the Company from these contingent liabilities could differ materially from the Company's expectations.
Indemnification
The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless, and agrees to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, in connection with any trade secret, copyright, patent or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third-party with respect to the Company’s technology. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future that have not yet been made.
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual.
The Company has not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification
33
Table of Contents
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
agreements. No liability associated with such indemnifications has been recorded to date.
14.    Subsequent Events
Business Acquisition
On October 1, 2024, European Distribution Center Motiva BV, or EDC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired Motiva Benelux BV, a distribution company in Belgium, and Motiva NL B.V., a distribution company in Netherlands. The acquisition's total consideration includes: (1) an initial payment of approximately $0.2 million in cash made on October 1, 2024, (2) a payment of approximately $1.2 million in the Company’s common shares made on October 8, 2024; (2) a subsequent payment of approximately $3.0 million in the Company’s common shares to be made in November 2024; (3) a payment due in March 2025 contingent on achieving specific revenue targets for fiscal 2024; and (4) a true-up amount payable or receivable in March 2026, based on meeting operational expense targets for fiscal 2025. The Company retains the option to settle the outstanding payments either in cash or in the Company’s common shares.
Advancement of Tranche C of the Credit Agreement
On October 8, 2024, the third tranche of the Credit Agreement, or the Tranche C Term Loan, of $25 million, net of $0.5 million debt discount, was advanced by the Administrative Agent.
Amendment of the Credit Agreement
On November 7, 2024, the Company entered into a Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement, or the Amendment. The Amendment extended the Commitment Termination Date, with respect to the commitments applicable to the Tranche D Term Loans, from June 30, 2025 to December 31, 2025, and modified the milestone triggering the availability of the Tranche D Term Loans to provide for availability of the Tranche D Term Loans upon achieving trailing twelve month gross sales of $195 million, including trailing twelve month gross sales of $30 million in the U.S. with respect to Motiva Implants and the Motiva Flora Tissue Expander product. The terms of the Tranche A Term Loans, Tranche B and Tranche C Term Loans were not modified.
Securities Offering
On November 7, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with a limited number of purchasers in connection with a registered direct offering of 765,696 common shares of the Company at a purchase price of $45.71 per share and, in lieu of common shares to certain purchasers who so chose, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 328,154 common shares at a purchase price of $45.709 per pre-funded warrant, which represents the price per share at which the common shares are being sold to the purchasers in the offering, minus $0.001, which is the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant. The Company also agreed to issue up to 76,569 additional common shares and additional pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 32,814 common shares, which in the aggregate equals ten percent of the aggregate number of common shares and pre-funded warrants to purchase common shares being sold in the offering. These additional securities will be issuable for no additional consideration if the average closing price of the Company’s common shares on The Nasdaq Capital Market during the period from January 1, 2025 to August 31, 2025 does not exceed $45.71, which is the price per common share sold in this offering. The aggregate gross proceeds from the offering, before deducting offering expenses, will be approximately $50.0 million. The offering closed on November 12, 2024.
34
Table of Contents
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors,” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above.
Overview
Our line of silicone gel-filled breast implants, branded as Motiva Implants, is the centerpiece of our medical technology platform and, to date, are registered to be sold more than 85 countries, including, most recently, in the United States. Our post-market surveillance data (which was not generated in connection with a United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, pre-market approval, or PMA, study collected at defined follow-ups but was patient or practitioner reported) and published third-party registries and data indicate that Motiva Implants have low rates of adverse events (including rupture, capsular contracture, and safety related reoperations) that we believe compare favorably with those of our competitors. We believe the proprietary technologies that differentiate our Motiva Implants enable improved safety and aesthetic outcomes and drive our revenue growth. We have developed other complementary products and services, which are aimed at further enhancing patient outcomes.
We have devoted a majority of our resources since inception to developing our Motiva Implants, which we began selling in October 2010. We have incurred net losses in each year since inception, and we have financed our operations primarily through equity financings and debt financings.
In September 2024, we received FDA approval to sell Motiva Implants in the United States. In October 2023, the FDA granted 510(k) clearance for the Motiva Flora SmoothSilk Tissue Expander.
Financial Highlights
Our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $121.5 million and $133.6 million, respectively, a decrease of $12.1 million, or 9.1%. Net losses were $50.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $58.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2024 we had an accumulated deficit of $410.2 million.
Our cash balance as of September 30, 2024 was $39.7 million.
Recent Developments
Regulatory and Operational Updates
In October 2024, we completed and announced the results of the three-year 100-patient clinical study for Mia Femtech, our patented technologies that can increase breast shape by 1 to 2 cups in a 15-minute procedure without the need for general anesthesia. The single-center, Institutional Review Board approved study began in December 2020 and involved participation of fifteen board-certified plastic surgeons in multiple geographies. We now offer Mia Femtech in over 30 cities across the world with over 80 plastic surgeons fully certified to provide the Mia experience.
In September 2024, we received PMA approval from the FDA for our Motiva Implants. Beginning in October 2024, we began selling Motiva Implants for use in breast augmentation for patients in the United States.
In June 2024, we finalized the construction of our manufacturing and corporate offices in the Coyol Free Zone, or CFZ, in Costa Rica, which includes approximately 100,000 square feet of facility space intended to increase our manufacturing capacity by approximately 730,000 units per year. The facility obtained necessary regulatory approvals to commence manufacturing. We incurred approximately $56.0 million in costs for this phase of the project. Additional phases of the project may be executed, at our option, to further expand manufacturing capacity at the new facility.
35
Table of Contents
In January 2024, we announced the commercial launch of Motiva Implants in China and the completion of the first procedure with the Motiva Flora SmoothSilk Tissue Expander in the United States. These events follow our receipt of National Medical Products Administration, or NMPA, approval in China for Motiva Implants and our 510(k) clearance from the FDA for the Motiva Flora SmoothSilk Tissue Expander in the United States in 2023.
In October 2023, we also launched, in select geographies, Zen - the newest generation of our passive RFID technology that is now non-ferromagnetic. Zen is available with Motiva Ergonomix2 Round implants in the Joy program.
Financing Activities
On November 7, 2024, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with a limited number of purchasers in connection with a registered direct offering of 765,696 common shares of the Company at a purchase price of $45.71 per share and, in lieu of common shares to certain purchasers who so chose, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 328,154 common shares at a purchase price of $45.709 per pre-funded warrant, which represents the price per share at which the common shares are being sold to the purchasers in the offering, minus $0.001, which is the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant. We also agreed to issue up to 76,569 additional common shares and additional pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 32,814 common shares, which in the aggregate equals ten percent of the aggregate number of common shares and pre-funded warrants to purchase common shares being sold in the offering. These additional securities will be issuable for no additional consideration if the average closing price of our common shares on The Nasdaq Capital Market during the period from January 1, 2025 to August 31, 2025 does not exceed $45.71, which is the price per common share sold in the offering. The aggregate gross proceeds from the offering, before deducting offering expenses, will be approximately $50.0 million. The offering closed on November 12, 2024.
Also on November 7, 2024, we entered into a Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement and Guaranty, dated April 26, 2022, or the Credit Agreement, that we entered into together with certain of our subsidiaries party thereto as guarantors, the lenders from time to time party thereto, or the Lenders, and Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as administrative agent for the Lenders, or the Administrative Agent. The Third Amendment extended the commitment termination date, with respect to the commitments applicable to the Tranche D Term Loans, from June 30, 2025 to December 31, 2025, and modified the milestone triggering the availability of the Tranche D Term Loans to provide for availability of the Tranche D Term Loans upon achieving trailing twelve month gross sales of $195 million, including trailing twelve month gross sales of $30 million in the U.S. with respect to Motiva Implants and the Motiva Flora Tissue Expander product. The terms of the Tranche A Term Loans, Tranche B and Tranche C Term Loans were not modified.
In February 2024, we entered into a Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement, which provides for term loans to the Company in an aggregate principal amount of up to $225 million. The Second Amendment modified the access conditions, commitment termination dates and interest rates for the two remaining available tranches, Tranche C Term Loans and Tranche D Term Loans. See Note 5 “Debt” for additional information. The Tranche C Term Loan of $25 million was advanced in October 2024 at the Company’s election following the administrative agent’s receipt of evidence that the FDA’s approval of Motiva Implants for augmentation use in the United States had been issued, subject to the other terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement, as amended.
In January 2024, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with select institutional accredited investors to sell 1,101,565 common shares and pre-funded warrants to purchase 898,435 common shares. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable immediately, at a price of $0.001 per share, until exercised in full. Net proceeds to us from the offering, after deducting offering expenses, were approximately $49.7 million. See Note 7 “Shareholders’ Equity” for additional information.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We commenced sales of our Motiva Implants in October 2010, which have historically accounted for the majority of our revenues. Sales of our Motiva Implants accounted for over 95% of our revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and we expect our revenues to continue to be driven primarily by sales of these products.
36
Table of Contents
We primarily derive revenue from sales of our Motiva Implants to two types of customers: (1) medical distributors and (2) direct sales to physicians, hospitals, and clinics.
We recognize revenue related to the sales of products at the time of shipment, except for a portion of our direct sales revenue that is generated from the sale of consigned inventory maintained at physician, hospital, and clinic locations. For consignment sales, revenue is recognized at the time we are notified by the consignee that the product has been implanted. Our contracts with distributors do not typically contain right of return or price protection and have no post-delivery obligations.
We expect our revenue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors, including seasonal fluctuations in demand for Motiva Implants and foreign currency fluctuations.
Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin
Our implants are manufactured at our facilities in Costa Rica. Construction of our third facility in Costa Rica was completed in June 2024. Subsequently, the smallest manufacturing facility ceased production in September 2024. Cost of revenue is primarily the cost of silicone but also includes other raw materials, packaging, components, quality assurance, labor costs, as well as manufacturing and overhead expenses. Cost of revenue also includes depreciation expense for production equipment, and amortization of certain intangible assets.
We calculate gross margin as revenue less cost of revenue for a given period divided by revenue. Our gross margin may fluctuate from period to period depending, in part, on the efficiency and utilization of our manufacturing facilities, fluctuations of foreign currency exchange rates, targeted pricing programs, and sales volume based on geography, customer and product type.
Operating Expenses
Sales, General and Administrative
Sales, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses primarily consist of compensation, including salary, share-based compensation and employee benefits for our sales and marketing personnel, and for administrative personnel that support our general operations such as information technology, executive management, financial accounting, customer service, and human resources personnel. SG&A expenses also include costs attributable to freight, marketing, sales support, travel, legal services, financial audit fees, insurance costs, and consulting services.
We expect our SG&A expenses to remain significant in absolute dollars as our business grows and we continue to invest in our sales, marketing, medical education, training and general administration resources to build our corporate infrastructure. However, we expect our SG&A expenses to decrease as a percentage of our revenue over the long term, although our SG&A expenses may fluctuate from period to period due to the timing of expenses related to our sales and marketing campaigns, as well as expansion into new markets and geographies.
Research and Development
Our research and development, or R&D, activities primarily consist of engineering and research programs associated with our products under development, as well as R&D activities associated with our clinical development activities. Our R&D expenses primarily consist of compensation, including salary, share-based compensation and employee benefits for our R&D and clinical personnel. We also incur significant expenses for supplies, development prototypes, design and testing, clinical study costs and product regulatory and consulting expenses.
We expect our R&D expenses to remain elevated for the foreseeable future as we continue to advance our products under development, as well as initiate and prepare for additional clinical studies. We received an approval of an IDE from the FDA in March 2018 to initiate a clinical trial and enrolled the first patient in April 2018. The IDE clinical trial is expected to cost between $30.0 million and $40.0 million over the duration of the clinical trial period of ten years. As of September 30, 2024, approximately $32.2 million has been spent on the trial to date. We also have other products under development for which we may be required to conduct clinical trials in future periods in order to receive regulatory approval to market these products.
37
Table of Contents
Interest Expense
Interest expense consists primarily of cash and non-cash interest related to outstanding debt and amortization of debt discounts. As of September 30, 2024, we had $196.4 million in outstanding principal under our term loan, including interest accrued into the principal balance. See Note 5 “Debt” for additional information.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net primarily consists of foreign currency gains/losses and interest income.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense consists primarily of income taxes in foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business. Due to our history of losses, with the exception of Belgium and JAMM Technologies, Inc., we maintain a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets including net operating loss carry-forwards, R&D tax credits, capitalized R&D and other book versus tax differences.
Business Update Regarding Macroeconomic Conditions
•Financial Results: Demand in fiscal 2024 improved from the second half of fiscal 2023. Latin America, Brazil in particular, which remains our largest single market, continues to suffer from weaker underlying demand for aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery as compared to fiscal 2023.
•Outlook: Demand for our products is dependent on the relative strength of the global and regional medical device markets, which are sensitive to general macroeconomic conditions. The current global macroeconomic environment remains complex, with elevated inflation and interest rates driving reductions in discretionary spending in the markets we operate. While several regions are showing strong performance, the demand remains inconsistent, with Latin America, especially Brazil, underperforming. In September 2024, we received FDA approval to sell Motiva Implants in the United States and have seen strong demand from the plastic surgeon community and positive feedback in the press. We expect higher selling prices in the United States and the introduction of other new products will positively impact gross margins in 2025. While we are still very focused on managing operating expenses, our commercial and operational activities will increase following the FDA approval of Motiva Implants. As a result, we expect overall operating expenses will rise as compared to the previous quarters.
For additional information on the various risks and other uncertain macroeconomic conditions on our business, financial condition and results of operations, please see Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
38
Table of Contents
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods presented, in dollars:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
(unaudited) (in thousands)
Revenue$40,227 $38,506 $121,511 $133,591 
Cost of revenue14,510 12,454 42,478 47,199 
Gross profit25,717 26,052 79,033 86,392 
Operating expenses:
Sales, general and administrative34,055 39,962 95,788 108,695 
Research and development4,801 7,128 14,562 20,608 
Total operating expenses38,856 47,090 110,350 129,303 
Loss from operations(13,139)(21,038)(31,317)(42,911)
Interest expense(5,313)(3,679)(14,880)(11,055)
Other income (expense), net
2,280 (3,887)(2,492)(1,570)
Loss before income taxes(16,172)(28,604)(48,689)(55,536)
Provision for income taxes(510)(669)(1,376)(2,424)
Net loss$(16,682)$(29,273)$(50,065)$(57,960)
39
Table of Contents
Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
Three Months Ended
September 30,
20242023
(unaudited) (in thousands)
Revenue$40,227 $38,506 
Cost of revenue14,510 12,454 
Gross profit$25,717 $26,052 
Gross margin63.9 %67.7 %
Revenue
Revenue increased $1.7 million, or 4.4%, to $40.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $38.5 million the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in demand in the Asia-Pacific region, resulting in an approximately 346% increase in revenue in this region as compared to the same period in fiscal 2023, and was partially offset by a decrease in the EMEA and Latin American regions, resulting in an approximately 19% decrease in revenue in these regions compared to the same period in 2023. We believe the decrease in demand for aesthetic procedures in certain affected regions is a result of continuing general uncertainty about macroeconomic conditions, as well as seasonality. These conditions have continued in certain markets in 2024.
Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin
Cost of revenue increased $2.0 million, or 16.0%, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in cost of revenue is in line with the increase in revenue except as described below.
Gross margin decreased to 63.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to 67.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily attributable to a shift in geographic mix favoring distributor markets, which typically have lower selling prices compared to direct market revenue, as well as increased labor and overhead costs. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations also negatively impacted the gross profit margin for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Operating Expenses
Three Months Ended
September 30,
20242024
(unaudited) (in thousands)
Operating expenses:
Sales, general and administrative$34,055 $39,962 
Research and development4,801 7,128 
Total operating expenses$38,856 $47,090 
Sales, General and Administrative Expense
SG&A expense decreased $5.9 million, or 14.8%, to $34.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $40.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in SG&A was primarily due to a $3.0 million decrease in sales and marketing expenses, a $2.5 million decrease in consulting fees, a $0.7 million decrease in freight associated with lower sales, a $0.5 million decrease in sales commissions, a $0.4 million decrease in software implementation costs, and a $0.3 million decrease in facilities costs, partially offset by a $0.7 million increase in depreciation and amortization expenses. In the fourth quarter of 2023, we
40
Table of Contents
implemented measures targeting a decrease in operating expenses, including headcount reduction to lower global personnel costs.
Research and Development Expense
R&D expense decreased $2.3 million, or 32.4%, to $4.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to a $2.7 million decrease in personnel costs from decreased headcount, partially offset by a $0.4 million increase in stock compensation costs.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $5.3 million as compared to $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in debt principal.
Provision for Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes decreased $0.2 million, or 28.6%, to $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The change in the provision for income taxes is primarily due to the decrease in pre-tax income in certain U.S. and foreign jurisdictions.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net, increased $6.2 million to a gain of $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to a loss of $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations of the euro and the Brazilian real as compared to the U.S. dollar in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023, resulting in a foreign currency transaction gain of $2.2 million, the majority of which remains unrealized, for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to a $3.8 million loss for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
41
Table of Contents
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
(unaudited) (in thousands)
Revenue
$121,511 $133,591 
Cost of revenue42,478 47,199 
Gross profit$79,033 $86,392 
Gross margin65.0 %64.7 %
Revenue
Revenue decreased $12.1 million, or 9.1%, to $121.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $133.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in overall demand in Latin America resulting in an approximately 33% decrease in revenue in this region as compared to the same period in fiscal 2023, partially offset by an increase in the Asia Pacific region, resulting in an approximately 17% increase in revenue in this region as compared to the same period in fiscal 2023. Revenue from our EMEA market remained relatively stable. The second half of fiscal year 2023 showed a slowing in revenue growth as a result of an overall slowdown in demand for aesthetic procedures, primarily due to general uncertainty about macroeconomic conditions and seasonality. These conditions have continued in certain markets in 2024.
Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin
Cost of revenue decreased $4.7 million, or 10.0%, to $42.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $47.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in cost of revenue is in line with the decrease in revenue.
Gross margin remained stable at 65.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 64.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Operating Expenses
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
(unaudited) (in thousands)
Operating expenses:
Sales, general and administrative$95,788 $108,695 
Research and development14,562 20,608 
Total operating expenses$110,350 $129,303 
Sales, General and Administrative Expense
SG&A expense decreased $12.9 million, or 11.9%, to $95.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $108.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in SG&A was primarily due to a $4.6 million decrease in consulting fees, a $3.7 million decrease in sales and marketing expenses, a $3.5 million decrease in freight associated with lower sales, a $2.0 million decrease in commissions, a $1.5 million decrease in personnel and related costs from decreased headcount, and a $0.6 million decrease in costs in facilities, partially offset by a $1.4 million increase in depreciation and amortization expenses, a $0.8 million increase in insurance expenses, and a $0.2 million increase in software implementation costs. In the fourth quarter of 2023, we implemented measures targeting a decrease in operating expenses, including headcount reduction to lower global personnel costs.
42
Table of Contents
Research and Development Expense
R&D expense decreased $6.0 million, or 29.1%, to $14.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $20.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in R&D expense was primarily due to a $5.9 million decrease in personnel cost.
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $14.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $11.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in debt principal.
Provision for Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes decreased $1.0 million, or 41.7%, to $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The change in the provision for income taxes is primarily due to the decrease in pre-tax income in certain US and foreign jurisdictions.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net decreased $1.7 million to a loss of $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to a loss of $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the foreign currency fluctuations of the Brazilian real and euro as compared to the U.S. dollar in fiscal 2024 and 2023, resulting in a foreign currency transaction loss of $3.6 million, the majority of which remains unrealized, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to a $1.4 million loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $410.2 million. Since our inception, we have generated losses and expect to continue to generate losses in the near term. We have financed our operations through a combination of equity financings and debt financings, and from cash generated from operations, primarily from the collection of accounts receivable resulting from sales. Our historical cash outflows have primarily been associated with cash used for operating activities such as expansion of our sales and marketing and distributor infrastructure, investing in inventory, R&D activities, asset acquisitions, capital improvements, including our new manufacturing facility, and other working capital needs. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had cash of $39.7 million and $40.0 million, respectively.
As described above under “Recent Developments - Financing Activities,” in February 2024 and November 2024, we entered into amendments to the Credit Agreement, which, among other changes, extended the termination date for commitments for Tranche C and Tranche D Term Loans and modified the milestones triggering the availability of those loans. The Tranche C Term Loan of $25 million was advanced in October 2024. See Note 5 “Debt” and Note 14 “Subsequent Events” for additional information.
During 2024, we also engaged in capital markets financing activities. These included a registered direct offering of common shares and pre-funded warrants to purchase common shares that closed on November 12, 2024 and will generate approximately $50 million in gross proceeds before offering expenses, and a private offering of our common shares and pre-funded warrants to purchase our common shares that we completed in January 2024 resulting in net proceeds to us, after deducting offering expenses, of approximately $49.7 million. In 2023, we completed an underwritten public offering of common shares, resulting in net proceeds to us after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses of approximately $84.6 million. See Note 7 “Shareholders’ Equity” and Note 14 “Subsequent Events” for additional information.

43
Table of Contents
Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of operating expenses and interest payments on the Credit Agreement. We believe that our available cash and cash from operations will be sufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months, including our contractual and other obligations summarized in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 under “Material Cash Requirements”, as updated below. Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of operating expenses, including SG&A and R&D expenses related to our IDE clinical trial, regulatory compliance and product development and funds necessary to pay for the interest and principal payment on our Term Loans. Our liquidity assumptions may prove to be incorrect, and we could utilize our available financial resources sooner than we currently expect.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:
▪the degree and rate of market adoption of our products, particularly our Motiva Implants;
▪the cost and timing of our regulatory activities;
▪the emergence of new competing technologies and products;
▪the costs of R&D activities we undertake to develop and expand our products;
▪the costs of commercialization activities, including sales, marketing and manufacturing;
▪the level of working capital required to support our growth; and
▪our need for additional personnel, information technology or other operating infrastructure to support our growth and operations as a public company.
We may need to raise additional capital to execute our business plan. In April 2023, we filed an automatic shelf registration statement, or Shelf Registration Statement, with the SEC that expires in April 2026, which will allow us to offer and sell our common shares, warrants, rights and units. We may use the Shelf Registration Statement or other capital sources, including other offerings of equity or debt securities or the credit markets, to satisfy future financing needs. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, or on terms acceptable to us, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.
Cash Flows
The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented below:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023
(unaudited) (in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities$(37,767)$(80,365)
Investing activities(13,792)(19,927)
Financing activities51,404 86,162 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(183)(35)
Net increase in cash$(338)$(14,165)
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities of $37.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily comprised of a net loss of $50.1 million, changes in operating assets and liabilities of $13.2 million and $0.6 million of interest capitalized for construction in progress, partially offset by $10.9 million of share-based compensation expense, $5.6 million of non-cash interest expense due to accretion of debt discounts, $4.7 million of non-cash depreciation and amortization expense, $1.9 million of unrealized foreign currency loss, a $1.0 million change in allowance for credit losses, a $0.8 million change in provision for inventory obsolescence, $0.9 million in stock compensation in lieu of cash fees, and $0.5 million of right-to-use asset amortization.
Net cash used in operating activities of $80.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily comprised of a net loss of $58.0 million, changes in operating assets and liabilities of $44.8 million, $0.6 million of
44
Table of Contents
unrealized foreign currency gain and $3.0 million of interest capitalized for construction in progress, partially offset by $10.9 million of share-based compensation expense, $9.9 million of non-cash interest expense due to accretion of debt discounts, $2.9 million of non-cash depreciation and amortization expense, a $1.1 million change in provision for inventory obsolescence, and a $0.7 million change in allowance for doubtful accounts.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities of $13.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily reflected $5.9 million in costs incurred for intangible assets primarily driven by the development of an enterprise resource planning system for the anticipated U.S. launch of Motiva Implants, $5.6 million in purchases of property and equipment primarily related to the new manufacturing facility, and $2.3 million of cash paid for capital expenditures on construction in progress related to our new manufacturing facility in the CFZ in Costa Rica.
Net cash used in investing activities of $19.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily consisted of $12.3 million of cash paid for capital expenditures on construction in progress related to our new manufacturing facility in the CFZ in Costa Rica and $7.3 million in purchases of property and equipment primarily related to the new manufacturing facility.
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities of $51.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily reflected $49.7 million of proceeds received for the issuance of common shares and pre-funded warrants, net of offering expenses, from our private placement offering in January 2024 and $2.1 million in proceeds received for stock option exercises partially offset by $0.4 million paid to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $86.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily $84.5 million of proceeds received for the issuance of common shares, net of underwriters’ discount and issuance costs, from our public offering in April 2023 and $2.1 million in proceeds received for stock option exercises, partially offset by $0.5 million paid to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock.
Material Cash Requirements
Except as described above with respect to the advancement of the Tranche C Term Loan, our material cash requirements have not changed materially from those included in our Annual Report on the Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 4, 2024.
Indebtedness
On April 26, 2022, or the Closing Date, we entered into the Credit Agreement, pursuant to which the Lenders agreed to make term loans to the Company in an aggregate principal amount of up to $225 million, which we collectively refer to as the Term Loans, with the first tranche of $150 million advanced on the Closing Date. Part of the first tranche was used to repay the outstanding principal and interest under the Madryn Credit Agreement in full, including the early repayment penalty of $6.5 million. In December 2022, we qualified to borrow and received an advance of $25 million under the second tranche. The Term Loans will mature on the 5-year anniversary of the Closing Date and accrue interest at a rate equal to 9% per annum. As of September 30, 2024, $196.4 million was outstanding under the Credit Agreement, representing the initial principal of $150 million for the Tranche A Term Loan, $25 million for the Tranche B Term Loan and $21.4 million of interest accrued into the principal balance.
In February 2024, we amended the Credit Agreement to modify the access conditions, commitment termination dates and interest rates for the two then-remaining available tranches, Tranche C Term Loans and Tranche D Term Loans. The Tranche C Term Loan of $25 million was advanced in October 2024. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” above and Note 5 “Debt” and Note 14 “Subsequent Events” for additional information. Our ability to draw down the Tranche D Term Loan under the Credit Agreement will depend on our ability to satisfy the gross sales thresholds required to advance the tranches by the dates specified.
Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments and Use of Estimates
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Our estimates are based on our historical
45
Table of Contents
experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates. We believe that the critical accounting policies discussed below are essential to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s estimates and judgments.
We identified certain critical accounting policies that affect certain of our more significant estimates and assumptions used in preparing our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 4, 2024, which we disclosed in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations―Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments and Use of Estimates in the Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have not made any material changes to these policies as previously disclosed in the Form 10-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Please refer to Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for information on recent accounting pronouncements and the expected impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our exposure to market risk during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 has not materially changed from what was previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. See Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for additional information.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of September 30, 2024, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on From 10-Q, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report at the reasonable assurance level.
Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 that we had a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 related to primary change management controls for direct database changes that were not designed and implemented effectively for specific localities.
Plan for Remediation of the Material Weakness
As described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, we implemented a number of measures to address the material weakness referenced above. We improved policies and procedures and designed and documented more effective change management monitoring controls, through the use of systematic audit logging, that addresses the relevant risks in order to remediate the identified material weakness. The material weakness persists and will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and management has concluded, through testing, that the control objective is achieved, and the controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of this material weakness will be completed by the end of 2024.
46

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than with respect to the remediation effort discussed above, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Our management recognizes that any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain judgments and assumptions and cannot provide absolute assurance that its objectives will be met. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Similarly, an evaluation of controls cannot provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.
47
Table of Contents
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are and may become from time to time a party to various claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business, but we are not a party to any material legal proceeding required to be disclosed under Item 103 of Regulation S-K.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. We operate in a rapidly changing economic and competitive environment that presents numerous risks, many of which are driven by factors that we cannot control or predict. The following risk factors describe circumstances or events that could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. You should consider the following risks carefully, together with all the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, before you invest in our common shares. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, or operating results, could be adversely affected. As a result, the trading price of our common shares could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe are not material could also impair our business, financial condition or operating results.
Risks Related to the Development and Commercialization of Our Products
We have a limited operating history in the United States and may face difficulties encountered by companies early in their commercialization in competitive and rapidly evolving markets.
Our products have been marketed solely in countries outside of the United States from October 2010 until 510(k) clearance for the Motiva Flora SmoothSilk Tissue Expander in October 2023 and FDA approval of our Motiva Implants in September 2024, and as such, we have a limited operating history in the United States upon which to evaluate our business and forecast our future net sales and operating results. In assessing our business prospects, you should consider the various risks and difficulties frequently encountered by companies early in their commercialization in competitive markets, particularly companies that develop and sell medical devices. These risks include our ability to:
•implement and execute our business strategy;
•expand and improve the productivity of our direct sales force, distributors and marketing programs to grow sales of our products;
•increase awareness of our brands and build loyalty among plastic surgeons and patients;
•manage expanding operations;
•respond effectively to competitive pressures and developments;
•enhance our existing products and develop new products;
•maintain and obtain regulatory clearance or approval of our existing products and commercialize new products;
•respond to changing regulations associated with medical devices across all geographies;
•perform clinical trials with respect to our existing products and any new products;
•attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel in various areas of our business; and
•obtain and maintain coverage and adequate levels of reimbursement for our products.
Due to our limited operating history in the United States, we may not have the institutional knowledge or experience to be able to effectively address these and other risks that we may face. In addition, we may not be able to develop insights into trends that could emerge and negatively affect our business and may fail to respond effectively to those trends. As a result of these or other risks, we may not be able to execute key components of our business strategy, and our business, financial condition and operating results may suffer.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to enhance our existing products and services and develop or commercialize new products and services that respond to customer needs and preferences, which we expect will require us to incur significant expenses.
In recent years, we have incurred significant costs in connection with the research and development of Motiva Implants, the Mia Femtech technology, and our other product candidates, products and services.
48
Table of Contents
We may not be able to compete effectively with our competitors, and ultimately satisfy the needs and preferences of our customers, unless we can continue to enhance existing products and develop or acquire new innovative products and services. Product development requires the investment of significant financial, technological and other resources. Product improvements and new product introductions also require significant planning, design, development and testing at the product and manufacturing process levels. We may not be able to timely or effectively develop product improvements or new products and services. Likewise, we may not be able to acquire new products on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Furthermore, in most countries, we need to obtain regulatory approval in order to market and sell our products, which may limit our ability to act quickly in scaling commercialization in those countries, including the United States. Our competitors’ new products may beat our products to market, be more effective or safer or have new features, obtain better market acceptance or render our products and services obsolete. Any new or modified products and services that we develop may not receive regulatory clearance or approval, or achieve market acceptance or otherwise generate any meaningful sales or profits for us.
Changes in funding or disruptions at the FDA and other government agencies caused by funding shortages or global health concerns could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, or otherwise prevent new or modified products from being developed, approved or commercialized in a timely manner or at all, or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal business functions on which the operation of our business may rely, which could negatively impact our business.
The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, the ability to hire and retain key personnel, the ability to accept the payment of user fees, statutory, regulatory and policy changes and other events that may otherwise affect the FDA’s ability to perform routine functions. Average review times at the agency have fluctuated in recent years as a result. In addition, government funding of the SEC and other government agencies on which our operations may rely, including those that fund research and development activities is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable.
Disruptions at the FDA and other agencies may also slow the time necessary for new drugs and devices to be reviewed and/or approved by necessary government agencies, which would adversely affect our business. For example, during various times in the recent past, the U.S. government has shut down and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA and the SEC, had to furlough critical employees and stop critical activities. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, or if other events, including global health concerns, prevent the FDA or other regulatory authorities from conducting their regular inspections, reviews or other regulatory activities in a timely manner, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, in our operations as a public company, future federal government shutdowns or delays in annual appropriations could impact our ability to access the public markets and obtain necessary capital in order to properly capitalize and continue our operations.
Any future distribution or commercialization agreements we may enter into with respect to our current or planned products may place the development of these products outside our control, or may otherwise be on terms unfavorable to us.
We may enter into additional distribution or commercialization agreements with third parties with respect to our current or planned products, for commercialization in or outside the United States. Our likely collaborators for any distribution, marketing, licensing or other collaboration arrangements include large and mid-size medical device and diagnostic companies, regional and national medical device and diagnostic companies, and distribution or group purchasing organizations. We will have limited control over the amount and timing of resources that our collaborators dedicate to the development or commercialization of our planned products. Our ability to generate revenue from these arrangements will depend in part on our collaborators’ abilities to successfully perform the functions assigned to them in these arrangements.
Collaborations may be terminated and, if terminated, may result in a need for additional capital to pursue further development or commercialization of the applicable planned products. Collaborators may own or co-own intellectual property covering our products that results from our collaboration with them. In such cases, we would not have the exclusive right to commercialize such intellectual property.
49
Table of Contents
Any termination or disruption of collaborations could result in delays in the development of planned products, increases in our costs to develop the planned products or the termination of development of a planned product.
If we are unable to educate clinicians on the safe, effective and appropriate use of our products and designed surgeries, we may experience unsatisfactory patient outcomes, negative publicity and increased claims of product liability and may be unable to achieve our expected growth.
We make extensive physician medical education resources available to clinicians in an effort to ensure that they have access to current treatment methodologies, are aware of the advantages and risks of our Motiva Implants and other products and are educated regarding the safe and appropriate use of our products. It is critical to the success of our business to broadly educate clinicians who use or desire to use our products to provide them with adequate instructions in the appropriate use of our products and designed surgeries. Certain of our products require the use of specialized techniques which may not be covered in medical school curricula and/or product-specific knowledge. For example, metal implant such as screws or artificial joints, produce an artifact when magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is used to image the area in which the object resides. Our Qid Safety Technology microtransponder embedded in certain Motiva Implants contains metal and causes an artifact that can affect breast cancer screening using MRI, and this artifact is not present in other imaging modalities such as breast ultrasound and film or digital mammography. It is important that we educate physicians and patients on the risks associated with MRI artifacts and how to mitigate them if they choose to utilize Motiva Implants that contain a Qid microtransponder. Failure to provide adequate training and education could result in, among other things, unsatisfactory patient outcomes, patient injury, negative publicity or increased product liability claims or lawsuits against the company, any of which could have a material and adverse effect on our business and reputation. Claims against the company may occur even if such claims are without merit and/or no product defect is present, due to improper surgical technique, inappropriate use of our products, or other lack of awareness regarding the safe and effective use of our products. If we fail to educate physicians and patients about any of these factors, they may make decisions or conclusions regarding Motiva Implants without full knowledge of the risks and benefits or may view our Motiva Implants negatively.
As part of our effort to educate and train plastic surgeons through our medical educational platform, we completed 192 and 201 medical training sessions worldwide during 2023 and 2022, respectively. If we are unable to offer, or if we experience a delay in offering, medical training sessions, we may experience reduced or slower than expected adoption of our products. Although we offer virtual training sessions through our medical educational platform, any limited ability to provide in-person programs to surgeons may reduce the effectiveness of, and interest in, our medical education efforts.
Commercial success of Motiva Implants in the United States or elsewhere depends on our ability to accurately forecast customer demand and manufacture sufficient quantities of product in the implant sizes that patients and physicians request, and to manage inventory effectively and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Manufacturing of silicone breast implants requires costly capital equipment and a highly skilled workforce. There is a significant lead time to build and certify a new manufacturing facility. Until 2017, we had one manufacturing facility in Costa Rica, causing occasional inventory shortages. In March 2017, our second Costa Rica facility became operational, received MDSAP certification, and began shipping products. Construction of a third facility started in 2021 and was completed in 2024. In August 2024, the smallest facility was shut down. Although we believe our current facilities give us adequate manufacturing capacity to meet current demand, we have, in the past, been unable to fill all incoming orders. If demand increases faster than we expect, or if we are unable to produce the quantity of goods that we expect with our current facilities, we may not be able to grow revenue at an optimal rate. There may be other negative effects from supply shortages, including loss of our reputation in the marketplace and a negative impact on our relationships with our distributors.
On the other hand, if demand for our products declines, or if market supply surpasses demand, we may not be able to reduce manufacturing expenses or overhead costs proportionately. We have invested significantly in our manufacturing capacity in order to vertically integrate our business. If an increase in supply outpaces the increase in market demand, or if demand decreases, the resulting oversupply could adversely impact our sales and result in the underutilization of our manufacturing capacity, higher inventory carrying costs and associated working capital, changes in revenue mix, and/or price erosion, any of which would lower our margins and adversely impact our financial results.
50
Table of Contents
Risks Related to Our Business, Industry and Operations
We expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and our ability to achieve and maintain profitability depends on the commercial success of our Motiva Implants.
We have incurred losses to date and expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. Sales of our Motiva Implants accounted for approximately 95% of our revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 95% and 98% of our revenues for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and we expect our revenues to continue to be driven primarily by sales of these products. In order to achieve and sustain profitability, our revenues from these products will need to grow beyond the levels we have achieved in the past. If physicians and/or patients do not perceive our products to be competitive in features and safety when compared to other products in the market, or if demand for our Motiva Implants or for breast implants in general decreases, we may fail to achieve sales levels that provide for future profitability.
Our ability to successfully market Motiva Implants and our other current and future offerings depends on numerous factors, including but not limited to:
•the outcomes of current and future clinical studies of Motiva Implants to demonstrate our products’ value in improving safety outcomes and/or patient satisfaction;
•acceptance of Motiva Implants as safe and effective by patients, caregivers and the medical community;
•an acceptable safety profile of Motiva Implants in the global market;
•whether key thought leaders in the medical community accept that such clinical studies are sufficiently meaningful to influence their or their patients’ choices of product;
•maintenance of our existing regulatory approvals and expansion of the geographies in which we have regulatory approvals;
•designing commercially viable processes at a scale sufficient to meet anticipated demand at an adequate cost of manufacturing, and that are compliant with ISO 13485 Quality Management System requirements and/or good manufacturing practice, or GMP, requirements, as set forth in the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, Brazilian and other international regulations;
•our success in educating physicians and patients about the benefits, administration and use of Motiva Implants;
•the availability, perceived advantages, relative cost, relative safety and relative efficacy of alternative and competing treatments;
•the willingness of patients to pay out-of-pocket for breast augmentation and reconstruction procedures in the absence of coverage and reimbursement for such procedures;
•the success of our internal sales and marketing organization and the sales forces of our distributors; and
•continued demand for breast augmentation and reconstruction procedures using silicone implants, which may be adversely affected by events involving either our products or those of our competitors, including FDA warnings to patients regarding Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, or BIA-ALCL and other lymphomas or cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma.
Some of these factors are beyond our control. If we are unable to continue to commercialize Motiva Implants and our other products, or unable to obtain a partner to commercialize them, we may not be able to produce any incremental revenues related to Motiva Implants and our other products. This would result in an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Unfavorable global economic conditions, including slower growth or recession, inflation or decreases in consumer spending power or confidence, have in the past, and could in the future, adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our results of operations have been in the past, and could be in the future, adversely affected by general conditions in the global economy and in the global financial markets, such as slower growth or recession, continued inflation or decreases in consumer spending or confidence. A severe or prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to our business, including general economic pressure on our customers’ patients. Elective aesthetic procedures, including breast augmentation, are typically not covered by insurance and are less of a priority than other items for those patients that have lost their jobs, are furloughed, have reduced work hours or have to allocate their cash to other priorities. As a result, adverse changes in the global economy, including as a result of current inflationary pressures, higher interest rates, geopolitical conflicts, including the Russia-Ukraine
51
Table of Contents
war and the Hamas-Israel conflict, or macroeconomic fallout from a potential U.S. government default on its debt, may cause consumers to reassess their spending choices and reduce demand for elective aesthetic procedures, which could have an adverse effect on our net sales and profitability. A weak or declining global economy could also strain our manufacturers or suppliers, possibly resulting in supply disruption, or cause our customers or distributors to delay making payments for our products. Any of the foregoing could harm our business and we cannot anticipate all of the ways in which the economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely affect our business.
We have incurred net operating losses in the past and expect to incur net operating losses for the foreseeable future.
We have incurred net operating losses since our inception, and we continue to incur significant research and development and general and administrative expenses related to our operations. We do not expect to be profitable in 2024, and in future years we expect to incur significant research and development expenses related to, among other things, the IDE clinical study of Motiva Implants in the United States. Investment in medical device product development, particularly clinical studies, is highly speculative. It entails substantial upfront capital expenditures and significant risk that any potential planned product will fail to demonstrate adequate accuracy or clinical utility. We may not be profitable for some time. As of September 30, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $410.2 million.
We expect that our future financial results will depend primarily on our success in launching, selling and supporting Motiva Implants and other products that are part of our product platform. This will require us to be successful in a range of activities, including manufacturing, marketing, and selling Motiva Implants. We may not succeed in these activities and may never generate revenue that is sufficient to be profitable in the future. Even if we are profitable, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our failure to achieve sustained profitability would depress the value of our company and could impair our ability to raise capital, expand our business, diversify our planned products, market our current and planned products, or continue our operations.
If our available cash resources and anticipated cash flow from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may seek to sell equity or convertible debt securities, enter into a credit facility or another form of third-party funding, or seek other debt financing.
We may need additional funds to support our operations, and such funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all, which would force us to delay, reduce or suspend our planned development and commercialization efforts. Raising additional capital may subject us to unfavorable terms, cause dilution to our existing shareholders, restrict our operations, or require us to relinquish rights to our products and technologies.
Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since our inception, and we expect to incur significant expenses in connection with our planned research, development and product commercialization efforts. We believe that our available cash and cash from operations will be sufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months. If our available cash resources and anticipated cash flow from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may seek to sell equity or convertible debt securities, enter into a credit facility or another form of third-party funding, or seek other debt financing. However, we are subject to restrictive covenants under the Credit Agreement which restrict our ability to incur additional debt. Any failure to raise the funds necessary to support our operations or liquidity requirements may force us to delay, reduce or suspend our planned clinical trials, research and development programs, or other commercialization efforts.
To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, your ownership may be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a shareholder. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take certain actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends.
If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic collaborations or partnership, or marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may be required to do so at an earlier stage than would otherwise be ideal and/or may have to limit valuable rights to our intellectual property, technologies, products, or future revenue streams, or grant licenses or other rights on terms that are not favorable to us. Furthermore, any additional fundraising efforts may divert our management from their day-to-day activities, which may adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize our products.
52
Table of Contents
Our business depends on maintaining our brand and ongoing customer demand for our products and services, and a significant reduction in sentiment or demand could affect our results of operations.
Our success depends on the reputation of our brands, which depends on factors such as the safety and quality of our products, our communication activities, including marketing and education efforts, and our management of our customer experience. Maintaining, promoting and positioning our brands is important to expanding our customer base. This will depend largely on the success of our education and marketing efforts and our ability to provide a consistent, high-quality customer experience.
We may need to make substantial investments in the areas of education and marketing in order to maintain and enhance our brands. Ineffective marketing, negative publicity, significant discounts by our competitors, product defects and related liability litigation, failure to obtain regulatory clearance for our products, counterfeit products, unfair labor practices and failure to protect the intellectual property rights in our brands are some of the potential threats to the strength of our business. To protect our brands’ status, we may need to make substantial expenditures to mitigate the impact of such threats.
We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brands in the countries in which we currently sell our products, and in new countries where we have limited brand recognition, is important to expanding our customer base. If we are unable to maintain or enhance the strength of our brands in the countries in which we currently sell our products and in new countries, then our growth strategy could be adversely affected.
If we fail to compete effectively against our competitors, many of whom have greater resources than we have, our revenues and results of operations may be negatively affected.
Alternatives exist for Motiva Implants and for our other products, and we will likely face competition with respect to any planned products that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future from major pharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies, medical device companies and biotechnology companies worldwide. There are several large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that currently market silicone breast implants. We also face competition from manufacturers of saline-filled breast implants, and we see emerging competition from non-implant breast augmentation techniques such as hyaluronic acid injection and novel fat grafting methodologies. Any of these may present competitive barriers to Motiva Implants.
Our leading competitors are large, multi-national companies with significant resources and capabilities. Sientra, Mentor Worldwide LLC (a division of Johnson & Johnson) and Allergan plc (recently acquired by AbbVie Inc.) have conducted large prospective clinical studies that started in the United States in 2002, 2000 and 1998, respectively, and they use this data extensively to promote their products. This can put us at a disadvantage when promoting our products to physicians and patients, even outside the United States. In addition, the significant financial and staff resources and brand recognition that our competitors possess mean they may be able to compete with us regardless of the differentiating features of our products. If we are not successful in capturing market share, even outside the United States, or if physicians or patients do not perceive our products to be safer or more favorable, our revenues and/or our operating margins may be significantly impaired.
In addition, manufacturers of competitive products may reduce prices for their competing products in an effort to gain or retain market share and undermine the value proposition that Motiva Implants might otherwise be able to offer to customers. Potential competitors also include academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations that conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangements for research, development, manufacturing and commercialization. These competitors may develop new technologies that are superior to our products or replace silicone.
Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies. These third parties may compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified technical and management personnel, establishing clinical study sites and patient registrations for clinical studies, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, our programs.
Pricing pressure from customers and our competitors may impact our ability to sell our products at prices necessary to support our current business strategies and future expansion.
The industry environment for silicone implants and complementary products in certain international markets is price sensitive. In these markets, or in the United States if we are successful in obtaining the required regulatory approval to sell in the U.S. market, our competitors may adopt aggressive pricing strategies to intensify the competitive pricing pressure for breast implants. If we are not successful in educating customers or third-party payers on the differentiation of our Motiva Implants as compared to our competitors’ products, customers may
53
Table of Contents
choose our competitors’ products. Additionally, as more competitors introduce products that compete with ours, we may face additional pricing pressure that would adversely impact our future results.
We expect to increase the size of our organization in certain jurisdictions and functions; as a result, we may encounter difficulties in managing our growth, which could disrupt our operations and/or increase our net losses.
As of September 30, 2024, we had 933 employees. Unless it is necessary for us to make reductions to our workforce as a cost management strategy, over the next several years, we expect to experience growth in the number of our employees and the scope of our operations, principally in the areas of manufacturing and sales and marketing, and particularly as we prepare our operations in the wake of obtaining approval from the FDA to commercialize our Motiva Implants in the United States. We also intend to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures, which may require additional personnel. Such growth could place a strain on our administrative and operational infrastructure, and/or our managerial abilities, and we may not be able to make improvements to our management information and control systems in an efficient or timely manner. We may discover deficiencies in existing systems and controls.
Many of these employees will be in countries outside of our corporate headquarters, which adds additional complexity. To manage our anticipated future growth, we must continue to implement and improve our managerial, operational and financial systems, expand our facilities and continue to recruit and train additional qualified personnel. We may not be able to effectively manage these activities. The physical expansion of our operations may lead to significant costs and may divert our management and business development resources. Future growth would impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including:
•identifying, recruiting, maintaining, motivating and integrating additional employees with the expertise and experience we will require, in multiple countries;
•managing our internal development efforts effectively while complying with our contractual obligations to licensors, licensees, contractors and other third parties;
•managing additional relationships with various distributors, suppliers, and other third parties;
•improving our managerial, development, operational and finance reporting systems and procedures; and
•expanding our facilities.
Our failure to accomplish any of these tasks could prevent us from growing successfully. Any inability to manage growth could delay the execution of our business plans or disrupt our operations. We may also be exposed or subject to additional unforeseen or undisclosed liabilities as well as increased levels of indebtedness.
In certain markets, we engage or anticipate engaging in direct sales efforts. We may fail to maintain and develop our direct sales force, and our revenues and financial outcomes could suffer as a result. Furthermore, our direct sales personnel may not effectively sell our products.
We have established a direct sales force for our business in Brazil and United States, and we have implemented a direct sales strategy in several European countries. We have hired and will need to retain and motivate a significant number of sales and marketing personnel in order to support our anticipated growth in these countries. There is significant competition for quality personnel experienced in such activities, including from companies with greater financial resources than ours. If we are not successful in our efforts to continue recruiting, retaining, and motivating such personnel, we may not be able to increase our revenues, or we may increase our expenses in greater measure than our revenues, negatively impacting our operating results.
We may be subject to substantial warranty or product liability claims or other litigation in the ordinary course of business that may adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We face an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to the sale of Motiva Implants and any planned products in clinical studies. The marketing, sale and use of Motiva Implants and our planned products could lead to the filing of product liability claims against us if someone alleges that our products failed to perform as designed or caused significant adverse events in patients. We may also be subject to liability for a misunderstanding of, or inappropriate reliance upon, the information we provide. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against claims that Motiva Implants or our planned products caused injuries, we may incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:
•decreased demand for any planned products we may develop;
54
Table of Contents
•injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention;
•withdrawal of patients from clinical studies or cancellation of studies;
•significant costs to defend the related litigation and distraction to our management team;
•substantial monetary awards to plaintiffs;
•loss of revenue; and
•the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.
We currently hold $25 million in product liability insurance coverage, which may not be adequate to cover all liabilities we may incur. Insurance coverage is increasingly expensive. We may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in an amount adequate to satisfy any liability that may arise.
Counterfeit products may be represented as ours, which could compete with our genuine products and may also expose us to risks associated with adverse events and product liability.
We routinely see counterfeit versions of our major competitor’s branded products in the marketplace, and we are aware of potential counterfeiting of our Motiva Implants. This is particularly common in emerging markets, where sensitivity to price is higher and regulatory enforcement is under-resourced. These counterfeit products are typically manufactured with significantly lower quality than the products they are claimed to be, and in some cases may be manufactured with silicones that are not medical grade. They may expose patients to significant adverse event risks, and there is a risk that certain adverse events with counterfeit products may be attributed to our genuine products. This could reduce demand for our products, result in negative publicity, or otherwise impact our business and the price of our shares.
Negative publicity concerning our products or our competitors’ products, including due to product defects, recalls and any resulting litigation, could harm our reputation and reduce demand for silicone breast implants, either of which could adversely impact our financial results and/or share price.
The silicone breast implant industry has been the focus of significant regulatory and media scrutiny. Silicone breast implants were removed from the U.S. marketplace for a period in the 1990s and 2000s related to safety concerns. Certain patient advocacy groups exist to publicize real and perceived health risks associated with silicone breast implants and plastic surgery generally. Recently, some breast implant patients have begun to self-identify and report various symptoms that they believe are related to their breast implants; they refer to these symptoms as Breast Implant Illness, or BII, but BII is not an official medical diagnosis. Additionally, the activities of legislative bodies, regulatory agencies, physician organizations, and other groups may lead to publicity around the real and perceived risks to patients from silicone implants. The responses of potential patients, physicians, the news media, legislative and regulatory bodies and others to information about complications or alleged complications of our products or our competitors’ products, or products liability litigation against us or our competitors, could materially reduce market acceptance and patient demand for our products, or could, even in the absence of a change in demand, negatively impact our business and reputation and negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations or the market price of our common shares. In addition, activity of this type could result in an increase in the number or size of product liability claims, which would adversely affect our business, financial results, and/or the price of our shares.
News coverage in recent years has called into question the long-term safety of breast implants and reports of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma linked to our competitors’ products which have led to regulatory actions regarding macrotextured devices in several countries and the worldwide recall of one of our competitor’s macrotextured implants and tissue expanders. These events and reports of other forms of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma and various lymphomas, from breast implant products may lead to a reduction in the demand for silicone breast implants and could adversely affect our business.
Women with breast implants have reported higher rates, as compared to the general population, of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, or BIA-ALCL, an uncommon type of cancer affecting cells of the immune system. In January 2011, the FDA indicated that there was a possible association between certain saline and silicone gel-filled breast implants and higher rates of BIA-ALCL, with the causal links neither yet understood nor confirmed. In March 2015, France’s National Cancer Institute, or NCI, noted that there is a clearly established link between anaplastic large cell lymphoma and certain breast implants, which is referred to as breast implant-associated ALCL, or BIA-ALCL. The NCI noted in that report that most of the reported cases occurred in women with textured implants.
55
Table of Contents
In August 2017, the FDA updated its advisory on BIA-ALCL and subsequently requested all breast implant manufacturers to revise their physician and patient labeling with the most current information. The August 2017 update described BIA-ALCL as “rare” and stated “we have strengthened our understanding of this condition and concur with the World Health Organization designation of BIA-ALCL as a rare T-cell lymphoma that can develop following breast implants. The exact number of cases remains difficult to determine due to significant limitations in world-wide reporting and the lack of global implant sales data. At this time, most data suggest that BIA-ALCL occurs more frequently following implantation of breast implants with textured surfaces rather than those with smooth surfaces.” The FDA noted it does not recommend prophylactic breast implant removal in a patient without symptoms or other abnormalities.
In March 2018, the FDA further updated its advisory on BIA-ALCL stating “we are reporting that we are aware of 414 total cases of BIA-ALCL. Additionally, studies reported in medical literature estimate that the lifetime risk of developing BIA-ALCL for patients with textured breast implants ranges from 1 in 3,817 to 1 in 30,000.” The FDA noted that the update did not change the agency’s recommendation and that choosing to obtain a breast implant is a personal decision that patients and providers should make with the most complete information available. In the fourth quarter of 2018, following the non-renewal of its textured breast implant CE Mark licenses in Europe, Allergan plc suspended sales of textured breast implants in Europe and withdrew its remaining textured breast implants on the market within Europe.
On February 6, 2019, the FDA further reported that as of September 2018, the agency had received a total of 660 medical device reports regarding BIA-ALCL cases since 2010. Of the 660 reports, the FDA’s analysis suggested that there were 457 unique cases of BIA-ALCL, including nine patient deaths. Additionally, on February 12, 2019, Health Canada confirmed that as of January 1, 2019, it had received reports of 22 confirmed and 22 suspected Canadian cases of BIA-ALCL and that it would be updating its safety review of BIA-ALCL in Spring 2019. In April 2019, the Agence Nationale de Securite du Medicament et des Produits de Sante, or ANSM, the regulatory authority in France, announced that 59 cases of BIA-ALCL had been reported in France since 2011 and banned several types of macrotextured and polyurethane implants linked to BIA-ALCL. Between February and September 2019, authorities from Australia, Colombia, Canada, South Korea and Singapore announced similar bans. 
In July 2019, the FDA requested that Allergan plc recall its Biocell® textured implants in the U.S. market and Allergan subsequently announced the global recall of its Biocell® textured breast implants and tissue expanders. In the announcement, the FDA noted that it had reviewed 573 unique cases globally of BIA-ALCL, including 33 patient deaths, of which 12 of the 13 known deaths were attributed to Biocell® implants. The FDA further noted that it will continue to monitor the incidence of BIA-ALCL across other textured and smooth breast implants and tissue expanders as well as other devices intended for use in the breast. The FDA subsequently identified the recall as a Class I recall in September 2019 and stated that use of the recalled devices may cause serious injuries and death. As the BIA-ALCL risk continues to become more highly publicized, this could have a significant negative impact on demand for breast implants globally, including our Motiva Implants.
In August 2020, the FDA updated its analysis of medical device reports of breast implant illness and breast implant associated lymphoma. In this update, the FDA updated the table on the agency’s BIA-ALCL webpage to include a total of 733 unique cases and 36 patient deaths globally as of January 5, 2020, which reflect an increase of 160 new cases and 3 deaths since the early-July 2019 update.
In September 2020, the FDA released finalized guidance on breast implant labeling recommendations, including the addition of a boxed warning, a patient decision checklist, material and device descriptions, implant rupture screening recommendations and a patient device card. In October 2021, the FDA took several additional actions to strengthen breast implant risk communication, including restricting the sale and distribution of breast implants to only health care providers and facilities that provide information to patients using the patient decision checklist. The FDA also approved new labeling for all legally marketed breast implants that includes a boxed warning, a patient decision checklist, updated silicone gel-filled breast implant rupture screening recommendations, a device description with a list of specific materials, and a patient device card.
In September 2022, the FDA informed the public about reports of cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma, or SCC, and various lymphomas, in the scar tissue (capsule) that forms around breast implants different from the lymphomas described in previous FDA communications as BIA-ALCL. In March 2023, the FDA provided updated information about SCC, noting it has received 24 reports of SCC related to breast implants, but that this this does not necessarily represent cancer incidence because of potential underreporting or duplicated reports. The FDA noted that, while the agency believes the occurrences of SCC or various lymphomas in the capsule around the
56
Table of Contents
breast implant to be rare, health care providers and people who have or are considering breast implants should be aware that cases have been reported to the FDA and in the literature.
We do not produce the types of rough textured implants that have been involved in these reports. To date, no cases of BIA-ALCL or SCC have been reported in patients with Motiva Implants. Furthermore, there have been no reported cases of BIA-ALCL in patients with smooth implants with no history of previously having a textured device. Future clinical studies or clinical experience may indicate that breast implants expose potentially genetically predisposed patients to greater risks of BIA-ALCL, which may reduce demand for silicone implants generally, expose us to product liability claims, as well as to class actions and other lawsuits. These impacts may occur in the absence of any specific linkage with our products. Moreover, if cases of BIA-ALCL, SCC, or other complications are discovered in the future and/or are reported in patients with Motiva Implants, we could be subject to mandatory product recalls, suspension or withdrawal of our regulatory licensure for sale in one or more countries, and significant legal liability. Any of these may have an adverse effect on our business or operating results, or a negative impact on our share price.
The loss of members of our executive management team or other employees, or other turnover in our management team, could adversely affect our business.
Our success in implementing our business strategy depends largely on the skills, experience and performance of members of our executive management team and other key employees, including Juan José Chacón Quirós, our Chief Executive Officer, Roberto de Mezerville, our Chief Technology Officer, Rajbir Denhoy, our Chief Financial Officer, and Ross Mansbach, our General Counsel and Chief Human Resources Officer. The collective efforts of each of these persons, and others working with them as a team, are critical as we continue to develop our tests and technologies and pursue our research and development and sales programs. In addition, we have experienced significant changes in our executive leadership in recent years, including in our General Counsel and Chief Operating Officer positions. As a result of the difficulty in locating qualified new management and other key employees, the loss or incapacity of existing members of our executive management team could adversely affect our operations. If we were to lose one or more key employees, we could experience difficulties in finding qualified successors, competing effectively, developing our technologies and implementing our business strategy. In addition, changes to strategic or operating goals, which can often times occur with the appointment of new executives and directors, can create uncertainty, may negatively impact our ability to execute quickly and effectively, and may ultimately be unsuccessful. Executive leadership transition periods are often difficult as the new executives gain detailed knowledge of our operations, and friction can result from changes in strategy and management style. Management turnover inherently causes some loss of institutional knowledge, which can negatively affect strategy and execution. We do not have “key person” life insurance on our senior executives, and the loss of any of the key team members would have a negative impact to our business and financial results. In addition, the job market in Costa Rica and other locations in which we operate has recently become more competitive and we are competing for talent with major multinational corporations which have significantly more resources than us, and we may find new difficulties in retaining our most talented employees.
In addition, we rely on collaborators, consultants and advisors, including scientific and clinical advisors, to assist us in formulating our research and development and commercialization strategy. Our collaborators, consultants and advisors are generally employed by employers other than us and may have commitments under agreements with other entities that may limit their availability to us.
We have made multiple acquisitions in the past, and in the future, we may acquire other businesses, form joint ventures or make investments in other companies or technologies. If we are not successful in integrating these businesses, as well as identifying and controlling risks associated with the past operations of these businesses, we may incur significant costs, receive penalties or other sanctions from various regulatory agencies and/or incur significant diversions of management time and attention.
We believe our business growth will be enhanced if we continually seek opportunities to enhance and broaden our product offerings. As part of our business strategy, we may pursue acquisitions or licenses of assets, or acquisitions of businesses. We also may pursue strategic alliances and joint ventures that leverage our core technology and industry experience to expand our product offerings or sales and distribution resources. We have acquired companies and/or assets and licensed assets in a variety of countries, including Brazil and several European countries.
We may do more of these types of transactions in the future and may also form strategic alliances and joint ventures. We may not be able to find suitable partners or acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to
57
Table of Contents
complete such transactions on favorable terms, if at all. If we make any acquisitions, we may not be able to integrate these acquisitions successfully into our existing business, and we could assume unknown or contingent liabilities. Any future acquisitions also could result in significant write-offs or the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, any of which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Integration of an acquired company may also disrupt ongoing operations and require management resources that would otherwise focus on developing our existing business. We may experience losses related to investments in other companies, which could have a negative effect on our results of operations. We may not identify or complete these transactions in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis, or at all, and we may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, license, strategic alliance or joint venture. To finance such a transaction, we may choose to issue common shares as consideration, which would dilute the ownership of our shareholders. If the price of our common shares is low or volatile, we may not be able to acquire other companies or fund a joint venture project using our shares as consideration. Alternatively, it may be necessary for us to raise additional funds for acquisitions through public or private financings. Additional funds may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all.
We do not know whether we will be able to successfully integrate any acquired business, product or technology. The success of any given acquisition may depend on our ability to retain any key employees related thereto, and we may not be successful at retaining or integrating such key personnel. Integrating any business, product or technology we acquire could be expensive and time-consuming, disrupt our ongoing business, impact our liquidity, and/or distract our management. If we are unable to integrate any acquired businesses, products or technologies effectively, our business may suffer. Whether as a result of unsuccessful integration, unanticipated costs, including those associated with assumed liabilities and indemnification obligations, negative accounting impact, or other factors, we may not realize the economic benefits we anticipate from acquisitions. In addition, any amortization or charges resulting from the costs of acquisitions could increase our expenses.
We have significant exposure to the economic and political situations in emerging market countries, and developments in these countries could materially impact our financial results, or our business more generally.
Many of the countries in which our products are sold are emerging markets. Our global growth strategy contemplates the expansion of our existing sales activities in Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific region as well as North America. Our exposure to emerging markets has increased in recent years, as have the number and importance of our distributor arrangements. Economic and political developments in Brazil and other emerging markets, including economic crises, currency inflation, or political instability, have had in the past, and may have in the future, a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, as these markets continue to grow, competitors may seek to enter these markets and existing market participants will likely try to aggressively protect or increase their market shares. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced margins and our inability to gain or hold market share, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as actual events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults, or non-performance by financial institutions or transactional counterparties, could adversely affect our liquidity and financial performance.
Bank failures, events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. For example, on March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, as receiver. Similarly, on March 12, 2023, Signature Bank Corp. and Silvergate Capital Corp. were each swept into receivership. We do not maintain balances with and are not a borrower under or party to any credit agreement, material letter of credit or any other such instruments, with any financial institution currently in receivership. However, we regularly maintain cash balances at third-party financial institutions in excess of the FDIC standard insurance limit, with balances concentrated at a small number of financial institutions. The failure of a bank, or other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets impacting financial institutions at which we maintain balances, or which we do business with, could adversely impact our liquidity and financial performance. There can be no assurance that our deposits in excess of the FDIC or other comparable insurance limits will be backstopped by the U.S. or any applicable foreign government in the future or that any bank or financial institution with which we do business will be able to
58
Table of Contents
obtain needed liquidity from other banks, government institutions or by acquisition in the event of a future failure or liquidity crisis. In addition, if any of our partners or parties with whom we conduct business are unable to access funds due to the status of their financial institution, such parties’ ability to pay their obligations to us or to enter into new commercial arrangements requiring additional payments to us could be adversely affected.
Investor concerns regarding the U.S. or international financial systems could result in less favorable commercial financing terms, including higher interest rates or costs and tighter financial and operating covenants, or systemic limitations on access to credit and liquidity sources, thereby making it more difficult for us to acquire financing on acceptable terms or at all.
Our results of operations have been in the past, and could be in the future, adversely affected by fluctuations in currency rates.
We present our results of operations in U.S. dollars, which is our reporting currency. However, as of September 30, 2024, the majority of our revenues are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar - primarily the euro, the Brazilian real, and the British pound. As of September 30, 2024, the majority of our expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars or in Costa Rican colones, which are linked to the U.S. dollar. In the future, we expect to have significant revenues and expenses denominated in these non-U.S. currencies. As such, unfavorable fluctuations in currency exchange rates have had, and in the future could continue to have, an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Because our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we must translate revenues, expenses and income, as well as assets and liabilities, into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period. Therefore, changes in the value of the U.S. dollar in relation to the British pound, the euro, Costa Rican colones and the Brazilian real will affect our revenue, cost of goods, and operating expenses as well as the value of balance sheet items originally denominated in other currencies. These changes would cause our growth in consolidated earnings stated in U.S. dollars to be higher or lower than our growth in local currency when compared against other periods. For example, the weakening of the euro for the majority of fiscal 2022 had a negative effect on our European revenue. We do not currently engage in currency hedging arrangements to protect us from fluctuations in the exchange rates of the euro and other currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar (and/or from inflation of such currencies), and we are exposed to material adverse effects from such movements. We cannot predict any future trends in rates of inflation or exchange rates of other currencies against the U.S. dollar, and there can be no assurance that any contractual provisions will offset their impact, or that any future currency hedging activities will be successful.
Continued international expansion of our business will expose us to business, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks associated with doing business internationally.
Our products are commercially available in 86 countries, and we operate subsidiaries in the United States, Costa Rica, Brazil, and several European countries. Our business strategy contemplates continued international expansion, including partnering with medical device distributors, and introducing Motiva Implants and other planned products outside the United States. The sale and shipment of our products internationally, as well as the purchase of components from international sources, subjects us to potential trade, import and export, and customs regulations and laws.
Compliance with these regulations and laws is costly and exposes us to penalties for non-compliance. Any failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory obligations could impact us in a variety of ways that include, but are not limited to, significant criminal, civil and administrative penalties, including imprisonment of individuals, fines and penalties, denial of export or import privileges, seizure of shipments, restrictions on certain business activities and exclusion or debarment from government contracting. Also, the failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory obligations could result in the disruption of our shipping, marketing and sales activities.
In addition, several of the countries in which we sell our products or conduct our operations are, to some degree, subject to political, economic or social instability. Doing business in Costa Rica and other countries outside the United States involves a number of other risks, including:
•compliance with the free zone regime regulations under which the manufacturing sites operate;
•different regulatory requirements for device approvals in international markets;
•multiple, conflicting and changing laws and regulations such as tariffs and tax laws, export and import restrictions, employment laws, environmental laws, regulatory requirements and other governmental approvals, permits and licenses;
59
Table of Contents
•potential failure by us or our distributors to obtain and/or maintain regulatory approvals for the sale or use of our products in various countries;
•difficulties in managing global operations;
•logistics and regulations associated with shipping products, including infrastructure conditions and transportation delays;
•limits on our ability to penetrate international markets if our distributors do not execute successfully;
•governmental price controls, differing reimbursement regimes and other market regulations;
•financial risks, such as longer payment cycles, difficulty enforcing contracts and collecting accounts receivable, and exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations;
•reduced protection for intellectual property rights, or lack of them in certain jurisdictions, forcing more reliance on our trade secrets, if available;
•economic weakness, political and economic instability, including wars, terrorism and political unrest, outbreak of disease, boycotts, curtailment of trade and other business restrictions;
•the British exit from the EU, including with respect to its effect on the value of the British pound relative to other currencies;
•failure to comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, including its books and records provisions and its anti-bribery provisions, by maintaining accurate information and control over sales activities and distributors’ activities;
•failure to comply with restrictions on the ability of companies to do business in foreign countries, including restrictions on foreign ownership of telecommunications providers imposed by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control;
•failure to comply with evolving reporting expectations on environmental, social and governance issues;
•unexpected changes in tariffs, trade barriers and regulatory requirements;
•compliance with tax, employment, immigration and labor laws;
•taxes, including withholding of payroll taxes;
•currency fluctuations, which could result in increased operating expenses and reduced revenue, and other obligations incident to doing business in another country;
•workforce uncertainty in countries where labor unrest is more common than in the United States;
•production shortages resulting from any events affecting raw material supply or manufacturing capabilities abroad; and
•business and shipping interruptions resulting from natural or other disasters including earthquakes, volcanic activity, hurricanes, floods and fires.
Any of these risks, if encountered, could harm our future international expansion and operations and, consequently, have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Any disruption at our existing facilities could adversely affect our business and operating results.
Our headquarters are located in Costa Rica, and all of our main manufacturing activities are conducted in the ISO-13485 and GMP compliant manufacturing facilities in Costa Rica through Establishment Labs, S.A. The newest facility in Costa Rica was completed in June 2024 and commenced manufacturing in the second half of fiscal 2024. Despite our efforts to maintain and safeguard our manufacturing facilities, including acquiring insurance and adopting maintenance and health and safety protocols, vandalism, terrorism or a natural or other climate-related disaster, such as earthquake, volcanic activity, fire or flood, could damage or destroy our inventory of finished goods, cause substantial delays in our operations and manufacturing, result in the loss of key information and cause us to incur additional expenses. Our insurance may not cover our losses in any particular case. In addition, regardless of the level of insurance coverage, damage to our facilities may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Fluctuations in insurance costs and availability, and future insurance requirements could adversely affect our profitability or our risk management profile.
We hold a number of insurance policies, including product liability insurance, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, general liability insurance, property insurance and workers’ compensation insurance. If the costs of maintaining adequate insurance coverage increase significantly in the future, our operating results could be
60
Table of Contents
adversely affected. Likewise, if any of our current insurance coverage should become unavailable to us or become economically impractical, we would be required to operate our business without indemnity from commercial insurance providers. If we operate our business without insurance, we could be responsible for paying claims or judgments against us that would have otherwise been covered by insurance, which would adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
Risks Related to Manufacturing and Other Third-Party Relationships
Our operations involve hazardous materials and we and third parties with whom we contract must comply with environmental laws and regulations, which can be expensive and restrict how we do business and could expose us to liability if our use of such hazardous materials causes injury.
Our manufacturing processes currently require the controlled use of potentially harmful chemicals, including highly flammable solvents. We cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury to employees or third parties from the use, storage, handling or disposal of these materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed our resources or any applicable insurance coverage we may have. Additionally, we are subject to, on an ongoing basis, federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and specified waste products. These are particularly stringent in California, where Avantor, one of our key suppliers, is located. The cost of compliance with these laws and regulations may become significant and could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In the event of an accident or if we otherwise fail to comply with applicable regulations, we could lose our permits or approvals or be held liable for damages or penalized with fines.
We rely on third parties to conduct certain components of our clinical studies, and those third parties may not perform satisfactorily, including failing to meet deadlines for the completion of such studies, which could interfere with or delay our ability to obtain regulatory approval or commercialize our products.
We rely on third parties, such as contract research organizations, or CROs, clinical data management organizations, medical institutions and clinical investigators, to perform various functions for our clinical trials. These service providers may serve as scientific advisors or consultants to us from time to time and receive compensation in connection with such services. We are required to collect and provide financial disclosure notifications or certifications for our clinical investigators to the FDA. If the FDA concludes that a financial relationship between us and a clinical investigator has created a conflict of interest or otherwise affected interpretation of the trial, the FDA may question the integrity of the data generated at the applicable clinical trial site and the utility of the clinical trial itself may be jeopardized.
Our reliance on these third parties for clinical development activities reduces our control over these activities but does not relieve us of our responsibilities. We remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical studies is conducted in accordance with the general investigational plan and protocols for the study. Moreover, the International Council for Harmonization, or ICH, and the FDA require us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical studies to ensure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of patients in clinical studies are protected. Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical studies in accordance with regulatory requirements or our stated protocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, regulatory approvals for our planned products and will not be able to, or may be delayed in our efforts to, successfully commercialize our planned products.
We rely on a single-source, third-party supplier for medical-grade long-term implantable silicone, which is the primary raw material used in our Motiva Implants. As has occurred in the past, if this supplier were to increase prices for this raw material over time or experience interruptions in its ability to supply us with this raw material, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We rely on Avantor Inc. (formerly NuSil Technology, LLC), or Avantor, as the sole supplier of medical-grade silicone used in our Motiva Implants as well as other products that we manufacture under contract to other customers. To our knowledge, Avantor is the only supplier of such raw materials with the appropriate filings with the FDA and other regulatory bodies to enable the manufacturing of products with our requirements. Avantor supplies our major competitors with raw material as well, and at least two of these are larger-volume customers of Avantor than we are.
61
Table of Contents
If Avantor becomes unable or unwilling to supply sufficient quantities of medical-grade silicone of the specifications required for our products, or if Avantor increases prices further in the future, we may not be able to replace this supply source quickly, or at all. Similarly, they may become unable or unwilling to manufacture our needed raw materials in compliance with regulatory requirements, or their manufacturing facilities may not be able to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements. Any replacement supplier would have to be qualified with the relevant regulatory authorities, which is an expensive and time-consuming process during which we may experience an interruption in our manufacturing operations. We may also be unsuccessful in negotiating favorable terms with such a supplier. Any of these contingencies would likely affect the financial results of our operations and may have a negative impact on our share price. In particular, if we are not able to establish a replacement vendor for our medical-grade silicone, we would be unable to manufacture our Motiva Implants as well as other products that we manufacture under contract to other customers until such time as a replacement vendor is identified, which would likely significantly affect the financial results of our operations and have a significantly negative impact on our share price.
In addition, our relationship with Avantor involves other risks, including but not limited to the following:
•it may not be able, or willing, to manufacture silicone raw materials with our agreed-upon specifications;
•it may not be able, or willing, to manufacture our needed raw materials in compliance with regulatory requirements, or our its manufacturing facilities may not be able to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements;
•it may not be able to supply sufficient quantities of each raw material quickly enough for us to respond to rapid increases in demand;
•it may unintentionally convey information to our competitors that is helpful in understanding our proprietary compositions and other trade secrets of our manufacturing processes;
•we may be subject to price fluctuations if we fail to meet certain minimum order requirements, or if our existing contract expires or is renegotiated;
•it may lose access to critical services and components, resulting in interruption in manufacture or shipment of medical-grade silicone;
•its facilities may be affected by earthquakes, wildfires, mud slides or other natural disasters, which could delay or impede production of our raw materials;
•we may be required to obtain regulatory approvals related to any change in our supply chain;
•Avantor may wish to discontinue supply of products to us due to its existing relationships with our competitors;
•Avantor may stop supply and claim ownership of intellectual property on materials associated with future products;
•Avantor or its parent entity may encounter financial or other hardships unrelated to our demand for products, which could negatively impact their ability to fulfill our orders and support our regulatory approvals; and
•disputes may arise over the terms of the Master Supply Agreement, by and between the Company and Avantor, dated May 13, 2022.
Various factors outside our direct control, including the reliance on single-source suppliers, may adversely affect manufacturing and supply of our Motiva Implants and other products.
We currently manufacture Motiva Implants at our facilities in the Coyol Free Zone, Alajuela, Costa Rica, under the multi-country MDSAP protocol. Our Qid Safety Technology microtransponders are manufactured by contract manufacturers with final testing and packaging at a manufacturing supplier facility in Regensburg, Germany, with additional inspection of the units at our facilities in Costa Rica, prior to approval for inclusion in Motiva Implants. If demand for our current products and our planned products increases more rapidly than we anticipate, or if we secure regulatory approval to commercialize our products in additional geographies, we will need to either expand our manufacturing capabilities or outsource to other manufacturers. The manufacture of these products in compliance with ISO standards and the FDA’s regulations requires significant expertise and capital investment, including the development of advanced manufacturing techniques and process controls. Manufacturers of medical device products often encounter difficulties in production, including difficulties with production costs and yields, quality control, quality assurance testing, shortages of qualified personnel, as well as compliance with strictly enforced FDA requirements, other federal and state regulatory requirements, and foreign regulations.
62
Table of Contents
We currently purchase components for the Qid Safety Technology microtransponders under purchase orders and do not have long-term contracts with most of the suppliers of the materials included in these products. We rely on Avantor as the sole supplier of medical-grade silicone used in our Motiva Implants as well as other products that we manufacture under contract to other customers. See the risk factor above titled “We rely on a single-source, third-party supplier for medical-grade long-term implantable silicone, which is the primary raw material used in our Motiva Implants. As has occurred in the past, if this supplier were to increase prices for this raw material over time or experience interruptions in its ability to supply us with this raw material, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.” In addition, the suppliers of certain packaging components and the surgical tools that we sell with Motiva Implants, including the cannulas, retractors, and insertion sleeves, are all purchased by us from single-source suppliers.
If our single-source and other suppliers were to delay or stop producing our components, or if the prices they charge us were to increase significantly, or if they elected not to sell to us at all or on commercially reasonable terms, we would need to identify and initiate relationships with alternative suppliers, if possible. We could experience delays in manufacturing our products or the interruption of the availability of Motiva Implants or our other products for sale, while finding another acceptable supplier, which would impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even if such alternative suppliers are available on commercially reasonable terms, the changes could also result in increased costs associated with qualifying the new materials and in increased operating costs. Further, any prolonged disruption in a supplier’s operations could have a significant negative impact on our ability to manufacture and deliver products in a timely manner and as a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The manufacturing, sterilization and distribution of our Motiva Implants and other products are technically challenging. Changes that our suppliers may make, or additional requirements from regulatory agencies, are outside of our direct control and can have an impact on our processes, on quality, and on the successful delivery of products to our customers. Mistakes and mishandling are not uncommon and can affect supply and delivery. Some of these risks include:
•failure to complete sterilization on time or in compliance with the required regulatory standards;
•transportation and import and export risk, particularly given the global nature of our supply and distribution chains;
•delays in analytical results or failure of analytical techniques that we depend on for quality control and release of products;
•natural or other disasters, labor disputes, financial distress, lack of raw material supply, issues with facilities and equipment or other forms of disruption to business operations affecting our manufacturer or its suppliers;
•latent defects that may become apparent after products have been released and that may result in a recall of such products;
•contamination of our raw materials or manufactured products; and
•inclusion of vendors of raw materials not in compliance with ISO-13485 requirements.
As referenced above in this risk factor, some of the components used in our Motiva Implants and our other products are currently single-sourced, and substitutes for these components might not be obtained easily or may require substantial redesign or manufacturing modifications related to our specifications or due to regulatory requirements. Any significant problem experienced by one of our single-source suppliers may result in a delay or interruption in the supply of components or products to us because the number of third-party manufacturers with the necessary manufacturing and regulatory expertise and facilities is limited and certification of a new supplier may be complex and time consuming. Any delay or interruption would likely lead to a delay or interruption in our manufacturing or distribution operations and/or adversely affect our ability to sell Motiva Implants. The inclusion of substitute components or products must meet our specifications and could require us to qualify the new supplier with the appropriate regulatory authorities. The added time and cost to arrange for alternative suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our business. New manufacturers of any current or planned product would be required to qualify under applicable regulatory requirements and would need to have sufficient rights under applicable intellectual property laws to the design and method of manufacturing the planned product. Obtaining the necessary FDA or international approvals or other qualifications under applicable regulatory requirements and
63
Table of Contents
ensuring non-infringement of third-party intellectual property rights could result in a significant interruption of supply and could require the new manufacturer to bear significant additional costs that may be passed on to us.
A substantial proportion of our sales are through exclusive distributors, and we do not have direct control over the efforts these distributors may use to sell our products. If our relationships with these third-party distributors deteriorate, or if these third-party distributors fail to sell our products or engage in activities that harm our reputation, or fail to adhere to medical device regulations, our financial results may be negatively affected.
Historically, our sales model has been to sell primarily through distributors rather than through our own sales force, with the notable exception of Brazil and several European countries where we are selling directly, but, in the future, we may utilize a hybrid sales model that includes both distributors and a direct sales effort. We believe that our reliance on distributors improves the economics of our business, as we do not carry the high fixed costs of a direct sales force in many of the countries in which our Motiva Implants are sold. If we are unable to maintain or enter into such distribution arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our products in certain countries. Furthermore, distributors can choose the level of effort that they apply to selling our products relative to others in their portfolio. The selection, training, and compensation of a distributors’ sales personnel are within their control rather than our own and may vary significantly in quality from distributor to distributor.
In addition, although our contract terms require our distributors to comply with all applicable laws regarding the sale of our products, including anti-competition, anti-money laundering, and sanctions laws, we may not be able to ensure proper compliance. If our distributors fail to effectively market and sell our products in full compliance with applicable laws, our results of operations and business may suffer.
Risks Related to Public Health Crises
Pandemics, epidemics, or other public health crises may adversely affect our business and financial results in the future, as was the case with the COVID-19 pandemic in recent years.
As was the case with the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a material disruption of our operations in fiscal 2020 and to a lesser degree in fiscal 2021, we are subject to risks associated with pandemics, epidemics or other public health crises. The full extent to which any pandemic, epidemic, or public health crisis may, directly or indirectly, impact our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our sales, expenses, supply chain integrity, manufacturing capability, research and development activities, and employee-related compensation, is highly uncertain and will depend on future developments that are also highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with reasonable accuracy at this time, including, without limitation:
•the contagiousness or virulence of the virus, disease or other condition giving rise to the pandemic, epidemic or public health crisis;
•the scope and length of any governmental or other restrictions implemented to reduce the spread of virus, disease or other condition giving rise to the pandemic, epidemic or public health crisis or other actions required or recommended to contain or treat infected individuals;
•the deferral of procedures using our products or other adverse impact on patients’ willingness to undergo procedures in which our products could be used during or following any pandemic, epidemic or other public health crisis;
•volatility in the global capital markets, impacting access to and cost of capital;
•disruptions in the manufacture and distribution of our products and in our supply chain;
•delays in clinical trials;
•disruptions or restrictions on the ability of many of our employees, and of third parties on which we rely, to work effectively, including “stay-at-home” orders and similar government actions;
•temporary closures of our facilities and of the facilities of our customers and suppliers; and
•other direct and indirect economic impacts, both domestically and abroad, of a pandemic, epidemic, or public health crisis as a result of any or all of the foregoing, including actions taken by local, state, national and international governmental agencies, whether such impact affects customers, suppliers, or markets generally.
64
Table of Contents
Risks Related to Intellectual Property and Data Security
If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, the value of our technology could be materially adversely affected, harming our business and competitive position.
In addition to our patented technology and products, we rely upon confidential proprietary information, including trade secrets, unpatented know-how, technology and other proprietary information, to develop and maintain our competitive position. Any disclosure to or misappropriation by third parties of our confidential proprietary information could enable competitors to quickly duplicate or surpass our technological achievements, thus eroding our competitive position in the market. We seek to protect our confidential proprietary information, in part, by confidentiality agreements with our employees and our collaborators and consultants. We also have agreements with our employees and selected consultants that obligate them to assign their inventions to us. These agreements are designed to protect our proprietary information, however, we cannot be certain that our trade secrets and other confidential information will not be disclosed or that competitors will not otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, or that technology relevant to our business will not be independently developed by a person that is not a party to such an agreement. Furthermore, if the employees, consultants or collaborators that are parties to these agreements breach or violate the terms of these agreements, we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach or violation, and we could lose our trade secrets through such breaches or violations. Further, our trade secrets could be disclosed, misappropriated or otherwise become known or be independently discovered by our competitors. In addition, intellectual property laws in foreign countries may not protect trade secrets and confidential information to the same extent as the laws of the United States. If we are unable to prevent disclosure of the intellectual property related to our technologies to third parties, we may not be able to establish or maintain a competitive advantage in our market, which would harm our ability to protect our rights and have an adverse effect on our business.
If we are not able to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our products and technologies, or if the scope of our patents is not sufficiently broad, we may not be able to effectively maintain our market leading technology position.
Our success depends in large part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent and other intellectual property protection in the United States and in other countries with respect to our proprietary technology and products.
The patent position of medical device and diagnostic companies generally is highly uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions for which legal principles remain unresolved. In recent years, patent rights have been the subject of significant litigation. As a result, the issuance, scope, validity, enforceability and commercial value of the patent rights we rely on are highly uncertain. Pending and future patent applications may not result in patents being issued which protect our technology or products or which effectively prevent others from commercializing competitive technologies and products. Changes in either the patent laws or interpretation of the patent laws in the United States and other countries may diminish the value of the patents we rely on or narrow the scope of our patent protection. The laws of other countries may not protect our rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S. Publications of discoveries in the scientific literature often lag behind the actual discoveries, and patent applications in the United States and other jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after filing, or in some cases not at all. Therefore, we cannot be certain that we were the first to make the inventions claimed in our patents or pending patent applications, or that we or were the first to file for patent protection of such inventions.
Even if the patent applications we rely on issue as patents, they may not issue in a form that will provide us with any meaningful protection, prevent competitors from competing with us or otherwise provide us with any competitive advantage. Our competitors may be able to circumvent our patents by developing similar or alternative technologies or products in a non-infringing manner. The issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its scope, validity or enforceability, and the patents we rely on may be challenged in the courts or patent offices in the United States and abroad. Such challenges may result in patent claims being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable, which could limit our ability to stop or prevent us from stopping others from using or commercializing similar or identical technology and products, or limit the duration of the patent protection of our technology and products. Given the amount of time required for the development, testing and regulatory review of new planned products, patents protecting such products might expire before or shortly after such products are
65
Table of Contents
commercialized. As a result, our patent portfolio may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to ours or otherwise provide us with a competitive advantage.
We may not be able to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights throughout the world.
Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on all of our planned products throughout the world may be prohibitively expensive to us. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection to develop their own products and, further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection but where enforcement is not as strong as in the United States. These products may compete with our products in jurisdictions where we do not have any issued patents and our patent claims or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing. Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in international jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.
We may become involved in legal proceedings to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, which could be expensive, time consuming, or unsuccessful.
Competitors may infringe or otherwise violate the patents we rely on, or our other intellectual property rights. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, we may be required to file infringement claims, which can be expensive and time-consuming. Any claims that we assert against perceived infringers could also provoke these parties to assert counterclaims against us alleging that we infringe their intellectual property rights. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent we are asserting is invalid or unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that the patents we are asserting do not cover the technology in question. An adverse result in any litigation proceeding could put one or more patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation.
Interference or derivation proceedings provoked by third parties or brought by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, or any other patent authority may be necessary to determine the priority of inventions or other matters of inventorship with respect to patents and patent applications. We may become involved in proceedings, including oppositions, interferences, derivation proceedings, inter partes reviews, patent nullification proceedings, or re-examinations, challenging our patent rights or the patent rights of others, and the outcome of any such proceedings are highly uncertain. An adverse determination in any such proceeding could reduce the scope of, or invalidate, important patent rights, allow third parties to commercialize our technology or products and compete directly with us, without payment to us, or result in our inability to manufacture or commercialize products without infringing third-party patent rights. Our business also could be harmed if a prevailing party does not offer us a license on commercially reasonable terms, if any license is offered at all. Litigation or other proceedings may fail and, even if successful, may result in substantial costs and distract our management and other employees. We may also become involved in disputes with others regarding the ownership of intellectual property rights. If we are unable to resolve these disputes, we could lose valuable intellectual property rights.
Even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims may cause us to incur significant expenses and could distract our technical or management personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the market price of our common shares. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing or distribution activities. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of intellectual property litigation or other proceedings could have an adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketplace.
66
Table of Contents
The medical device industry is characterized by patent litigation, and we could become subject to litigation that could be costly, result in the diversion of management’s time and efforts, require us to pay damages or prevent us from marketing our existing or future products.
Patent litigation is prevalent in the medical device and diagnostic sectors. Our commercial success depends in part upon our ability and that of our distributors, contract manufacturers, and suppliers to manufacture, market and sell our planned products, and to use our proprietary technologies without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the proprietary rights or intellectual property of third parties. We may become party to, or be threatened with, future adversarial proceedings or litigation regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our products and technology. Third parties may assert infringement claims against us based on existing or future intellectual property rights. If we are found to infringe a third-party’s intellectual property rights, we could be required to obtain a license from such third party to continue developing and marketing our products and technology. We may also elect to enter into such a license in order to settle pending or threatened litigation. However, we may not be able to obtain any required license on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Even if we were able to obtain a license, it could be non-exclusive, thereby giving our competitors access to the same technologies licensed to us and could require us to pay significant royalties and other fees. We could be forced, including by court order, to cease commercializing the infringing technology or product. In addition, we could be found liable for monetary damages. A finding of infringement could prevent us from commercializing our planned products in commercially important territories, or force us to cease some of our business operations, which could harm our business. Many of our employees were previously employed at, and many of our current advisors and consultants are employed by, universities or other biotechnology, medical device or pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try to ensure that our employees, advisors and consultants do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we, or these employees, have used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of any such employee’s former employer. These and other claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties can have a similar negative impact on our business to the infringement claims discussed above.
Even if we are successful in defending against intellectual property claims, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to such claims may cause us to incur significant expenses and could distract our technical and management personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common shares. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce our resources available for development activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to adequately conduct such litigation or proceedings. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their substantially greater financial resources. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of litigation or other intellectual property related proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketplace.
Obtaining and maintaining patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.
Periodic maintenance fees, renewal fees, annuity fees and various other governmental fees on patents or applications will be due to be paid by us to the USPTO and various governmental patent agencies outside of the United States in several stages over the lifetime of the patents or applications. The USPTO and various non-U.S. governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. In many cases, an inadvertent lapse can be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules. However, there are situations in which noncompliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. In such an event, our competitors might be able to use our technologies and this circumstance would have a material adverse effect on our business.
If we fail to comply with our obligations in our intellectual property agreements, we could lose intellectual property rights that are important to our business.
We are a party, and expect to become party in the future, to certain intellectual property agreements that impose various diligence, milestone payment, royalty, insurance and other obligations on us. If we fail to comply with these obligations, any licensor may have the right to terminate such agreements, in which event we may not be
67
Table of Contents
able to develop and market any product that is covered by such agreements. Termination of such agreements, or reduction or elimination of our rights under such agreements, may result in our having to negotiate new or reinstated arrangements on less favorable terms, or our not having sufficient intellectual property rights to operate our business. The occurrence of such events could harm our business and financial condition.
The risks described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pertaining to our intellectual property rights also apply to any intellectual property rights that we may license, and any failure by us or any future licensor to obtain, maintain, defend and enforce these rights could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our information systems, or those used by third parties which we rely on, may fail, be impacted by cybersecurity incidents, suffer other security breaches or be vulnerable to other forms of attack or damage.
The operation of our business depends on our information systems and, in some cases, the information systems used by third parties. We rely on our information systems to, among other things, effectively manage sales and marketing data, accounting and financial functions, inventory management, product development tasks, clinical data, customer service and technical support functions. Despite the implementation of security measures, our information systems, or those used by third parties which we rely on, are vulnerable to a variety of cybersecurity incidents and cybersecurity threats, as well as other forms of attack or damage, including damage or interruption from earthquakes, fires, floods and other natural disasters, terrorist attacks, power losses, computer system or data network failures, security breaches, data corruption, and cyberattacks. Cybersecurity incidents can include, but are not limited to, computer viruses, computer denial-of-service attacks, phishing attacks, ransomware attacks, worms, and other malicious software programs or other attacks, covert introduction of malware to computers and networks, social engineering or impersonation of authorized users, and efforts to discover and exploit any design flaws, bugs, security vulnerabilities, or security weaknesses, as well as intentional or unintentional acts by employees or other insiders with access privileges, intentional acts of vandalism by third parties and sabotage. Further, we rely on third-party service providers and technologies to operate critical business systems to process sensitive information in a variety of contexts, including, without limitation, cloud-based infrastructure, enterprise cloud solutions, encryption and authentication technology, employee email, and other similar functions. Although we prefer third parties that are SOC 1 compliant or adhere to other related regulations, our ability to monitor their information security practices is limited, and they may not have adequate security measures in place. They may also experience unexpected power losses, computer system failures, or data network disruptions, negatively impacting the systems or solutions we depend on. If our third-party providers face a security incident or other interruptions, or if there is a flaw or failed software update in the third-party software used in our systems, our information systems may become disabled or inaccessible. This could limit access to our data and business information, potentially causing significant disruptions to our operations.
Attacks upon information systems are increasing in their frequency, levels of persistence, sophistication and intensity, and are being conducted by sophisticated and organized groups and individuals with a wide range of motives and expertise. Furthermore, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or to sabotage, information systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. We may also experience cybersecurity incidents or other security breaches that may remain undetected for an extended period. Even if identified, we may be unable to adequately investigate or remediate cybersecurity incidents or threats due to attackers increasingly using tools and techniques that are designed to circumvent controls, to avoid detection, and to remove or obfuscate forensic evidence.
While we have not experienced any material cybersecurity incident or other system failure or security breach to our knowledge to date, if such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our development programs and our business operations, leading to increased costs, product shortages or lost revenues. To the extent that any cybersecurity incident, security breach or other attack or damage to our information systems were to result in a loss or misuse of proprietary or confidential information, intellectual property, or sensitive or personal information, we could incur liability and the further development and commercialization of our current and future products could be delayed. For example, the loss of data from completed, ongoing or future studies could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. In addition, any such cybersecurity incident, security breach,
68
Table of Contents
or other attack or damage could harm our reputation, erode customer confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, and negatively impact our ability to attract new customers.
Our failure to adequately protect personal information in compliance with evolving legal requirements could harm our business.
In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including legally protected patient health information, credit card information and personally identifiable information. We collect this kind of information on our customers for purposes of servicing potential warranty claims and for post-marketing safety vigilance. These data protection and privacy-related laws and regulations are evolving and may result in ever-increasing regulatory and public scrutiny and escalating levels of enforcement and sanctions.
There are a number of state, federal and international laws protecting the privacy and security of health information and personal data. As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 2009, or ARRA, Congress amended the privacy and security provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA. HIPAA imposes limitations on the use and disclosure of an individual’s protected health information by certain health care providers, health care clearinghouses, and health insurance plans, collectively referred to as covered entities, that involve the creation, use, maintenance or transmission of protected health information. The HIPAA amendments also impose compliance obligations and corresponding penalties for non-compliance on individuals and entities that perform a function or provide specified services to health care providers and other covered entities, collectively referred to as business associates. Most recently, on December 10, 2020, HHS issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, which if finalized, would make changes to some of HIPAA’s regulatory requirements, which would impact us, to the extent we are a business associate. ARRA also made significant increases in the penalties for improper use or disclosure of an individual’s protected health information under HIPAA and extended enforcement authority to state attorneys general. The amendments also create notification requirements for individuals whose protected health information has been inappropriately accessed or disclosed, notification requirements to federal regulators and in some cases, notification to local and national media. Notification is not required under HIPAA if the health information that is improperly used or disclosed is deemed secured in accordance with encryption or other standards developed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS. Most states have laws requiring notification of affected individuals and state regulators in the event of a breach of personal information, which is a broader class of information than the protected health information protected by HIPAA. Many state laws impose significant data security requirements, such as encryption or mandatory contractual terms to ensure ongoing protection of personal information.
In addition, even when HIPAA does not apply, according to the FTC, failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal information secure constitutes unfair acts or practices in or affecting commerce in violation of Section 5(a) of the FTCA, 15 U.S.C § 45(a). The FTC expects a company’s data security measures to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business, and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities. Medical data is considered sensitive data that merits stronger safeguards. The FTC’s guidance for appropriately securing consumers’ personal information is similar to what is required by the HIPAA Security Rule.
Many foreign countries and governmental bodies, including the EU, Canada, Australia and other relevant jurisdictions, have laws and regulations concerning the collection and use of personal or sensitive data obtained from their residents or by businesses operating within their jurisdiction. For example, the European Commission recently adopted the General Data Protection Regulation, including as implemented in the UK, or the GDPR, effective on May 25, 2018, that supersedes current EU data protection legislation, imposes more stringent EU data protection requirements and provides for greater penalties for noncompliance. The GDPR regulates the processing of personal data and places certain obligations on the processing of such personal data including ensuring the lawfulness of processing personal data (including obtaining valid consent of the individuals to whom the personal data relates, where applicable), the processing details disclosed to the individuals, the adequacy, relevance and necessity of the personal data collected, the retention of personal data collected, the sharing of personal data with third parties, the transfer of personal data out of the European Economic Area/UK to third countries including the US, contracting requirements (such as with clinical trial sites and vendors), the use of personal data in accordance with individual rights, the security of personal data and security breach/incident notifications. Non-compliance with the GDPR can trigger steep fines for the most serious breaches of up to €20 million or 4% of total worldwide annual revenues, whichever is higher. Given the breadth and depth of changes in data protection obligations, meeting the GDPR’s requirements requires time, resources and a review of the technology and systems currently in use against the GDPR’s requirements.
69
Table of Contents
We may be at risk of enforcement actions taken by certain EU data protection authorities while we continue to build our business practices to ensure that all transfers of personal data to us from the European Economic Area, including the EU, United Kingdom and Switzerland, are conducted in compliance with all applicable regulatory obligations, the guidance of data protection authorities and evolving best practices. We may find it necessary to establish systems to maintain personal data originating from the EU in the European Economic Area, which may involve substantial expense and may cause us to need to divert resources from other aspects of our business, all of which may adversely affect our business.
Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or to protect such data, could result in enforcement actions against us, including fines, imprisonment of company officials and public censure, claims for damages by end-customers and other affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill, any of which could harm on our operations, financial performance, and business. Evolving and changing definitions of personal data and personal information, within the European Union, the United States, and elsewhere, may limit or inhibit our ability to operate or expand our business, including limiting strategic partnerships that may involve the sharing of data. Moreover, if the relevant laws and regulations change, or are interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data practices or the operation of our products, we may need to expend resources in order to change our business operations, data practices, or the manner in which our products operate. Even the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation and inhibit adoption of our products.
There is the risk that the limits we obtained for our cyber liability insurance may not cover the total loss experienced in the event of a data security incident, including the financial loss, legal costs, and business and reputational harm, particularly if there is an interruption to our systems. Additionally, there is the risk of a data privacy or security incident by an employee, which may expose us to liability. If personal information of our customers or employees is misappropriated, our reputation with our customers and employees may be injured resulting in loss of business and/or morale, and we may incur costs to remediate possible injury to our customers and employees or be required to pay fines or take other action with respect to judicial or regulatory actions arising out of such incidents.
Risks Related to Regulatory and Political Environment
The regulatory approval process is expensive, time consuming and uncertain. Our future success depends on our ability to develop, receive regulatory clearance or approval for, and introduce new products that will be accepted by the market in a timely manner. There is no guarantee that the FDA or similar foreign regulatory authority will authorize the commercialization of our planned products on a timely basis, if at all. Delays or failure to obtain necessary clearances or approvals would adversely affect our ability to grow our business.
The research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, approval, selling, import, export, marketing and distribution of medical devices are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States and other countries, where regulations differ from country to country. Our products are registered to be sold in 86 countries, including the United States. See Item 1, “Business” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information about the regulatory process.
Obtaining approval for sale of a medical device from the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities in the countries in which we conduct business can be a lengthy, expensive and uncertain process. For example, the PMA approval process in the United States generally takes from one to three years and the 510(k) clearance process in the United States usually takes from three to twelve months, although each could take longer.
Prior to receiving approval to commercialize any of our planned products in the United States or abroad, we may be required to demonstrate with substantial evidence from preclinical and well-controlled clinical studies, and to the satisfaction of the FDA or other regulatory authorities abroad, that such planned products are safe and effective for their intended uses. We may not successfully complete required clinical trials, or they may yield results which are different than anticipated. Results from preclinical studies and clinical studies can be interpreted in different ways. Even if we believe the preclinical or clinical data for our planned products are promising, such data may not be sufficient to support approval by the FDA and other regulatory authorities. Administering any of our planned products to humans may produce undesirable side effects, which could interrupt, delay or cause suspension of clinical studies of our planned products and result in the FDA or other regulatory authorities denying approval of our planned products for any or all targeted indications.
70
Table of Contents
Regulatory approval from the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities is not guaranteed, and the approval process is expensive and may take several years. For example, we initiated a modular PMA submission process with the FDA for approval of our Motiva Implants in the United States in 2021, and received FDA approval for our Motiva Implants in the United States in September 2024. The FDA and other regulatory authorities also have substantial discretion in the approval process. Despite the time and expense exerted, failure can occur at any stage, and we could encounter problems that cause us to abandon or repeat clinical studies or perform additional preclinical studies and clinical studies. The number of preclinical studies and clinical studies that will be required for approval varies depending on the jurisdiction, the planned product, the indication that the planned product is designed to address and the regulations applicable to any particular planned product. The FDA can delay, limit or deny approval of a planned product for many reasons, including, but not limited to, the following:
▪a planned product or one or more of its features may not be deemed safe or effective;
▪FDA officials may not find the data from preclinical studies and clinical studies sufficient;
▪the FDA might not approve our manufacturing or our third-party supplier’s processes or facilities; or
▪the FDA may change its approval policies or adopt new regulations.
In addition, the FDA or other regulatory authority may change its clearance and approval policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions that may prevent or delay approval or clearance of our products under development or impact our ability to modify our currently approved or cleared products on a timely basis. In the United States, the FDA could also reclassify some or all of our products that are currently classified as Class II to Class III requiring additional controls, clinical studies and submission and approval of a PMA for us to market and sell those products. Any change in the approval policies or new or amended regulations governing the clearance and approval processes could increase the costs of obtaining approval/clearance of a product or result in delays in, or failure to receive or maintain clearance or approval for our products.
Moreover, approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries, and approval by one or more international regulatory authorities does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries or by the FDA. However, a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory process in others. An international regulatory approval process may include all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA approval. We may not obtain international regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all. We may not be able to file for regulatory approvals and, even if we file, we may not receive necessary approvals to commercialize our products in any market. If our products, fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy in further clinical studies that may be required for U.S. approval, or do not gain regulatory approval, our business and results of operations will be harmed.
If Motiva Implants or any planned products fail to demonstrate safety and effectiveness in preclinical and clinical studies, if there is a change in the approval policies or new or amended regulations governing the clearance and approval process for our products, or if our products do not gain regulatory approval or clearance, our business and results of operations will be harmed.
Once commercialized, modifications to our marketed products may require new 510(k) clearances or approval of PMA supplements, or equivalent steps in other countries, or may require us to cease marketing or recall the modified products until certification, clearances or regulatory approvals are obtained.
Modifications to any of our products once they are commercialized may require new regulatory approvals or clearances, including 510(k) clearances or approval of PMA supplements, or require us to recall or cease marketing the modified systems until these clearances or approvals are obtained. The FDA requires device manufacturers to initially make and document a determination of whether or not a modification requires a new approval, supplement or clearance. A manufacturer may determine that a modification could not affect safety or efficacy and does not represent a major change in its intended use, so that no new clearance or approval is necessary. However, the FDA can review a manufacturer’s decision and may disagree. The FDA may also on its own initiative determine that a new clearance or approval of a PMA supplement is required. We may make modifications in the future that we believe do not or will not require additional clearances or approvals. If the FDA disagrees and requires new clearances or approvals for the modifications, we may be required to recall and to stop marketing our products as modified, which could require us to redesign our products and/or seek new marketing authorizations and harm our operating results. In these circumstances, we may be subject to significant enforcement actions.
71
Table of Contents
For example, if a manufacturer determines that a modification to a PMA approved device could affect its safety or effectiveness or would constitute a major change in its intended use, then the manufacturer must file for a new a new PMA or approval of a PMA supplement. Where we determine that modifications to our products require a new PMA approval, we may not be able to obtain those additional approvals for the modifications or additional indications in a timely manner, or at all. Obtaining new approvals can be a time-consuming process, and delays in obtaining required future approvals would adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner, which in turn would harm our future growth.
For those products sold in the EEA, we must notify our EU notified body if significant changes are made to the products or if there are substantial changes to our quality assurance systems affecting those products. Obtaining certification can be a time-consuming process, and delays in obtaining required future clearances or approvals would adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner, which in turn would harm our future growth.
Even if we receive regulatory approval for a planned product, we will be subject to ongoing regulatory obligations and continued regulatory review. Compliance with ongoing regulatory obligations and continued regulatory review may result in significant additional expense and subject us to penalties if we fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements.
When a regulatory approval is obtained, the approved product and its manufacturer are subject to continual review by the FDA or non-U.S. regulatory authorities. Our regulatory approval for Motiva Implants, as well as any regulatory approval that we receive for future modifications to Motiva Implants or for any planned products may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed. Future approvals may contain requirements for potentially costly post-marketing follow-up studies to monitor the safety and effectiveness of the approved product in real-world post-market use. For example, in connection with FDA approval of our Motiva Implants, we are required to monitor the clinical trial patients for our IDE clinical trial for up to ten years, create a patient registry or large post approval study, and/or other studies, and implement training programs for physicians. In addition, we are subject to extensive and ongoing regulatory requirements by the FDA and other regulatory authorities with regard to the labeling, packaging, adverse event quarterly reporting, device tracking, device retrieval studies, storage, advertising, promotion and recordkeeping for our products. We are also required to comply with regulations regarding the manufacture of Motiva Implants, which include requirements related to quality control and quality assurance as well as the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Further, regulatory authorities must inspect these manufacturing facilities and determine that they are in compliance with FDA good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the Quality System Regulation, or QSR, before the products can be approved. These facilities are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory authorities for compliance with the QSR and associated regulations. Failure to comply with FDA and other applicable U.S. and foreign regulatory requirements may subject us to administrative or judicially imposed sanctions, including the following:
•Warning Letters;
•civil or criminal penalties and fines;
•injunctions;
•suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approval;
•suspension of any ongoing clinical studies;
•voluntary or mandatory product recalls and publicity requirements;
•refusal to accept or approve applications for marketing approval of new devices or supplements to approved applications filed by us;
•restrictions on operations, including costly new manufacturing requirements; or
•seizure or detention of our products or import bans.
Our products may cause or contribute to adverse medical events or be subject to failures or malfunctions that we are required to report to the FDA, and if we fail to do so, we would be subject to sanctions that could harm our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. The discovery of serious safety issues with our products, or a recall of our products either voluntarily or at the direction of the FDA or another governmental authority, could have a negative impact on us.
Our products are subject to medical device reporting regulations, which require us to report to the FDA any information that reasonably suggests one of our products may have caused or contributed to a death or serious
72
Table of Contents
injury, or one of our products malfunctioned and, if the malfunction were to recur, this device or a similar device that we market would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. Our obligation to report under the medical device reporting regulations is triggered on the date on which we become aware of information that reasonably suggests a reportable adverse event occurred. We may fail to report adverse events of which we become aware within the prescribed timeframe. We may also fail to recognize that we have become aware of a reportable adverse event, especially if it is not reported to us as an adverse event, it is an adverse event that is unexpected or if the product characteristic that caused the adverse event is removed in time from our products. If we fail to comply with our medical device reporting obligations, the FDA could issue warning letters or untitled letters, take administrative actions, commence criminal prosecution, impose civil monetary penalties, demand or initiate a product recall, seize our products, or delay the clearance of our future products.
Depending on the corrective action we take to redress a product’s deficiencies or defects, the FDA may require, or we may decide, that we will need to obtain new clearances or approvals for the device before we may market or distribute the corrected device. Seeking such clearances or approvals may delay our ability to replace the recalled devices in a timely manner. Moreover, if we do not adequately address problems associated with our devices, we may face additional regulatory enforcement action, including FDA warning letters, product seizure, injunctions, administrative penalties or civil or criminal fines, which may harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business.
We are subject to extensive and dynamic medical device regulation, and oversight in the United States and other countries. If we fail to obtain or maintain necessary regulatory approvals for our products, or if approvals or clearances for future products are delayed or not issued, it will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our products, marketing, sales and development activities and manufacturing processes are subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by various regulatory agencies and governing bodies. Under the US Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDC Act), medical devices must receive FDA clearance or approval or an exemption from such clearance or approval before they can be commercially marketed in the U.S. Additionally, such devices are subject to wide-ranging regulations including, among other things: product design, development, manufacture and release; laboratory and clinical testing, labeling, packaging, storage, and distribution; product safety and effectiveness; record-keeping; product promotion and advertising; post-marketing surveillance; post-market approval studies, where applicable; and import and export rules. In the EU, we are required to comply with applicable medical device directives (including the Medical Devices Directive and the European Medical Device Regulation) and obtain CE Mark certification in order to market medical devices. In addition, exported devices are subject to the regulatory requirements of each country to which the device is exported.
The FDA or other regulators could delay, limit, or deny clearance or approval of a device for many reasons, including:
•our inability to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or the applicable regulatory entity or notified body that our devices and any accessories are substantially equivalent to a legally marketed predicate device or safe or effective for their proposed intended uses;
•disagreement of the FDA with the design or implementation of any clinical trials or the interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical trials;
•serious and unexpected adverse device effects experienced by participants in our clinical trials;
•insufficiency of the data from preclinical studies or clinical trials to support clearance or approval;
•our inability to demonstrate that the clinical and other benefits of the device outweigh the risks;
•failure of our manufacturing process or facilities to meet applicable requirements; and
•the potential for approval policies or regulations of the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory bodies to change significantly in a manner rendering our clinical data or regulatory filings insufficient for clearance or approval.
Many countries require that product approvals be renewed or recertified on a regular basis, generally every four to five years. The renewal or recertification process requires that we evaluate any device changes and any new regulations or standards relevant to the device and conduct appropriate testing to document continued compliance. Where renewal or recertification applications are required, they may need to be renewed and/or approved in order to continue selling our products in those countries. There can be no assurance that we will
73
Table of Contents
receive the required approvals for new products or modifications to existing products on a timely basis or that any approval will not be subsequently withdrawn or conditioned upon extensive post-market study requirements.
The European Union regulatory bodies finalized a new Medical Device Regulation (MDR) in 2017, which replaced the existing directives and provided three years for transition and compliance. After a one-year delay, the MDR became effective on May 26, 2021. The MDR changes several aspects of the existing regulatory framework, such as updating clinical data requirements and introducing new ones, such as Unique Device Identification, or UDI. We and the Notified Bodies who will oversee compliance to the new MDR face uncertainties as the MDR is rolled out and enforced by the Commission and EEA Competent Authorities, creating risks in several areas, including the CE Marking process and data transparency, in the upcoming years. Additionally, the U.K.’s withdrawal from the EU and the end of the mutual recognition and related trade facilitating effects for medical devices between the EU and Switzerland in May 2021 have added certain costs and complexities to the shipment and sales of our products in those countries.
Regulations regarding the development, manufacture and sale of medical devices are evolving and subject to future change. We cannot predict what impact, if any, those changes might have on our business. Failure to comply with regulatory requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product or manufacturer could result in fines, delays or suspensions of regulatory clearances or approvals, seizures or recalls of products, physician advisories or other field actions, operating restrictions and/or criminal prosecution. We may also initiate field actions as a result of a failure to strictly comply with our internal quality policies. The failure to receive product approval clearance on a timely basis, suspensions of regulatory clearances or approvals, seizures or recalls of products, physician advisories or other field actions, or the withdrawal of product approval or clearance by regulatory authorities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our products, such as Motiva Implants, may in the future be subject to product recalls that could harm our reputation, business and financial results.
Medical devices can experience performance problems in the field that require review and possible corrective action. The occurrence of component failures, manufacturing errors, design defects or labeling inadequacies affecting a medical device could lead to a government-mandated or voluntary recall by the device manufacturer, in particular when such deficiencies may endanger health. The FDA requires that certain classifications of recalls be reported to the agency within 10 working days after the recall is initiated. Companies are required to maintain certain records of recalls, even if they are not reportable to the FDA. We may initiate voluntary recalls involving Motiva Implants or other planned devices in the future that we determine do not require notification of the FDA. If the FDA disagrees with our determinations, they could require us to report those actions as recalls. Product recalls may divert management attention and financial resources, expose us to product liability or other claims, harm our reputation with customers and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The medical technology industry is complex and intensely regulated at the federal, state, and local levels and government authorities may determine that we have failed to comply with applicable laws or regulations.
As a company which manufactures and distributes medical devices and technologies, we are subject to numerous regional, national and local laws and regulations. There are significant costs involved in complying with these laws and regulations. Moreover, if we are found to have violated any applicable laws or regulations, we could be subject to civil and/or criminal damages, fines, sanctions or penalties, including exclusion from participation in governmental healthcare programs. We may also be required to change our method of operations. These consequences could be the result of current conduct or even conduct that occurred a number of years ago. We also could incur significant costs merely if we become the subject of an investigation or legal proceeding alleging a violation of these laws and regulations. We cannot predict whether any government authority will determine that we are not operating in accordance with law, or whether the laws will change in the future and impact our business.
Under some circumstances, government investigations can also be initiated by private individuals under whistleblower provisions which may be incentivized by the possibility for private recoveries. Responding to inquiries and enforcement activities can be costly and disruptive to our business operations, even when the allegations are without merit. We also may be subject to other financial sanctions or be required to modify our
74
Table of Contents
operations. Any of these actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we obtain approval for our products, we may be subject to enforcement action if we engage in improper marketing or promotion of Motiva Implants or our other products.
We have obtained PMA approval to sell Motiva Implants in the United States and 501(k) clearance to sell Intraoperative Sizers and SmoothSilk Tissue Expanders in the United States. We are not permitted to promote or market other investigational products. After approval, our promotional materials and training methods must comply with FDA and other applicable laws and regulations, including the prohibition of the promotion of unapproved, or off-label, use. Surgeons may use our products off-label, as the FDA does not restrict or regulate a surgeon’s choice of treatment within the practice of medicine. However, if the FDA determines that our promotional materials or training constitutes promotion of an off-label use, it could request that we modify our training or promotional materials or subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions, including the issuance of an untitled letter, a warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine, or criminal penalties. It is also possible that other federal, state, or foreign enforcement authorities might take action if they consider our promotional or training materials to constitute promotion of an off-label use, which could result in significant fines or penalties under other statutory authorities, such as laws prohibiting false claims for reimbursement. In that event, our reputation could be damaged and adoption of the products could be impaired. In addition, the off-label use of our products may increase the risk of product liability claims. Product liability claims are expensive to defend and could divert our management’s attention, result in substantial damage awards against us, and harm our reputation.
Our relationship with customers and third party payors will be subject to applicable anti-kickback, fraud and abuse, and other health care laws and regulations, which could expose us to criminal sanctions, civil penalties, damages, reputational harm and diminished profits and future earnings.
Our future arrangements with third-party payors and health care providers may expose us to broadly applicable fraud and abuse and other health care laws and regulations that may constrain the business or the financial relationships and engagement we enter into to market, sell, promote and distribute our products for which we obtain clearance in the U.S. Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements with these third parties will comply with applicable health care laws and regulations will involve substantial costs. It is possible that governmental authorities will conclude that our business practices may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law involving applicable fraud and abuse or other health care laws and regulations. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws or any other governmental regulations that may apply to us, we may be subject to significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, fines, imprisonment, exclusion from government funded healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations. The requirements and restrictions under these broadly applicable laws and regulations are described in the section on Fraud and Abuse Laws in Item 1. Business.
Health care reform measures could hinder or prevent our planned products’ commercial success.
From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the regulatory approval, manufacture and marketing of regulated products or the reimbursement thereof. In addition, the FDA may change its clearance and approval policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions, which may prevent or delay approval or clearance of our future products under development or impact our ability to modify our currently cleared products on a timely basis. Any new regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations may impose additional costs or lengthen review times of planned or future products. It is impossible to predict whether legislative changes will be enacted or FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations changed, and what the impact of such changes, if any, may be.
FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the FDA in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. Any new statutes, regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations may impose additional costs or lengthen review times of any future products or make it more difficult to obtain clearance or approval for, manufacture, market or distribute our products. For example, In January of 2024, FDA issued a final rule to replace the QSR with the adoption of ISO 13485. We cannot determine what effect changes in regulations, statutes, legal interpretation or policies, when and if promulgated, enacted or adopted may have on our business in the future. Such changes could, among other things, require: additional testing prior to obtaining clearance or approval; changes to manufacturing methods; recall, replacement or discontinuance of our products; or additional record keeping.
75
Table of Contents
In the United States, there have been, and we expect there will continue to be, a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the health care system in ways that could affect our future revenue and future profitability and the future revenue and future profitability of our potential customers. Federal and state lawmakers regularly propose and, at times, enact legislation that could result in significant changes to the health care system, some of which are intended to contain or reduce the costs of medical products and services.
For example, one of the most significant health care reform measures in decades, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or PPACA, was enacted in 2010. The PPACA contains a number of provisions, including those governing enrollment in federal health care programs, reimbursement changes and fraud and abuse measures, all of which will impact existing government health care programs and will result in the development of new programs. There have been judicial and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the PPACA. Furthermore, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act passed in December of 2017 included a provision repealing the PPACA’s individual mandate penalty, the tax-based shared responsibility payment on certain individuals who fail to maintain qualifying health coverage for all or part of a year. Congress may consider other legislation to repeal or replace elements of the PPACA on a provision-by-provision basis. We cannot assure you that the PPACA, as currently enacted or as amended in the future, will not adversely affect our business and financial results and we cannot predict how future federal or state legislative or administrative changes relating to health care reform will affect our business.
In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the PPACA was enacted. For example, the Budget Control Act of 2011, among other things, created the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to recommend proposals for spending reductions to Congress. The Joint Select Committee did not achieve a targeted deficit reduction of at least $1.2 trillion for the years 2013 through 2021, which triggered the legislation’s automatic reduction to several government programs, including aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year, starting in 2013. Sequestration is currently set at 2% and will increase to 2.25% for the first half of fiscal year 2030, to 3% for the second half of fiscal year 2030, and to 4% for the remainder of the sequestration period that lasts through the first six months of fiscal year 2031.
We cannot predict the impact that ongoing health care reform will have on our business, and there is uncertainty as to what healthcare programs and regulations may be implemented or changed at the federal and/or state level in the United States, and as to the effect of any future legislation or regulation. However, it is possible that such initiatives could have an adverse effect on our ability to obtain approval and/or successfully commercialize products in the United States in the future. For example, any changes that reduce, or impede the ability to obtain, reimbursement for the type of products we intend to commercialize in the United States (or our products more specifically, if approved) or reduce medical procedure volumes could adversely affect our business plan to introduce our products in the United States.
There likely will continue to be legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at containing or lowering the cost of health care. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future or their full impact. The continuing efforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payers of health care services to contain or reduce costs of health care may adversely affect:
▪our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for our products;
▪our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability; and
▪the availability of capital.
The coverage and reimbursement status of newly-approved products is uncertain. Failure to obtain or maintain adequate coverage and reimbursement for new or current products could limit our ability to market those products and decrease our ability to generate revenue.
Market acceptance and sales of any one or more of our product candidates will depend on reimbursement policies and may be affected by future healthcare reform measures in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions. Government authorities and third-party payers, such as private health insurers and health maintenance organizations, decide which products they will cover and establish payment levels. We cannot be certain that reimbursement will be available for any of our products or product candidates. Also, we cannot be certain that reimbursement policies will not reduce the demand for, or the price paid for, our products. If reimbursement is not available or is available on a limited basis, we may not be able to successfully commercialize any product candidates that we develop.
76
Table of Contents
The pricing, coverage and reimbursement of our product candidates must be adequate to support our commercial infrastructure. Our per-patient prices must be sufficient to recover our development and manufacturing costs and potentially achieve profitability. However, sales of any product depend, in part, on the extent to which such product will be covered by third-party payors, such as federal, state, and foreign government healthcare programs, commercial insurance and managed healthcare organizations, and the level of reimbursement for such product by third-party payors. Significant uncertainty exists as to the coverage and reimbursement status of any newly approved product. Decisions regarding the extent of coverage and amount of reimbursement to be provided are made on a plan-by-plan basis. One third-party payor’s decision to cover a product does not ensure that other payors will also provide coverage for the product. As a result, we do not have assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be applied consistently or obtained in the first instance.
Further, third-party payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the medical necessity and reviewing the cost effectiveness of medical products and product candidates. Adoption of price controls and cost-containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existing controls and measures, could further limit or delay sales of any of our future products. A decision by a third-party payor not to cover a product could reduce patient demand for any of our products.
The political situation in the United States can affect the ability of our company to conduct business in certain areas or countries if new trade conditions are imposed or enforced by the U.S. government.
There could be negative consequences to our company’s revenue if the U.S. government unexpectedly changes its trade policies towards determined geographies or countries. These policy changes can include such things as trade barriers, which serve to limit or prevent international trade. The U.S. government may request additional funds or tariffs in exchange for the right to export items into the country. Tariffs or quotas may be used to protect domestic producers from foreign competition. Changes may include the modification or withdrawal of free trade agreements already in place. This also can have a large effect on the profits of our company because it either cuts revenues as a result of a tax on imports/exports or restricts the amount of revenues that can be earned.
The global economic instability caused by the ongoing military conflicts in Ukraine and Israel may adversely affect our business in Europe and the Middle East.
The conflicts in Ukraine and Israel have resulted in worldwide geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainty and have caused, and will likely continue to cause, disruption and instability in affected markets. It is not possible at this time to predict the ultimate consequences of the conflicts or the responses of governments or others to the conflicts, which could include, among other things, additional sanctions, greater regional instability or expansion of the conflict, embargoes, geopolitical shifts, litigation, and impacts on macroeconomic conditions, commodities, currency exchange rates, supply chains, and financial markets, which could adversely impact our business and results of operations.
Risks Related to Taxation
Tax authorities may disagree with our positions and conclusions regarding certain tax positions, resulting in unanticipated costs, taxes or non-realization of expected benefits.
We have subsidiaries in multiple countries. From time to time, tax authorities disagree with tax positions that we have taken. If we are unable to successfully resolve such disagreements, we could experience increased tax liabilities. For example, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service or another foreign tax authority could challenge the amounts paid between our affiliated companies pursuant to our intercompany arrangements and transfer pricing policies. A tax authority may, as has occurred recently in Brazil, take the position that certain tax liabilities, interest and penalties are payable by us, in which case, we expect that we might, as we have in Brazil, contest such assessment. Contesting such an assessment can be lengthy and costly, and if we were unsuccessful in disputing the assessment, the implications could materially increase our anticipated effective tax rate, where applicable. In addition, we may be subject to additional tax liabilities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The application, interpretation and enforcement of value-added tax, or VAT, and other taxes and related regulations applicable to medical device companies is complex and evolving.
We are a multinational organization faced with increasingly complex tax issues in many jurisdictions, and changes in tax laws or their application to the operation of our business could adversely impact our operating results and our business.
We conduct operations in multiple jurisdictions, and we are subject to certain taxes, including income, sales and use, employment, value added and other taxes, in the United States and other jurisdictions in which we do
77
Table of Contents
business. A change in the tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we do business, including an increase in tax rates or an adverse change in the treatment of an item of income or expense, possibly with retroactive effect, could result in a material increase in the amount of taxes we incur.
Our determination of our tax liability is subject to review by applicable U.S. and foreign tax authorities. Any adverse outcome of such a review could harm our operating results and financial condition. The determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities requires significant judgment and, in the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is complex and uncertain. Moreover, as a multinational business, we have subsidiaries that engage in many intercompany transactions in a variety of tax jurisdictions where the ultimate tax determination is complex and uncertain. The taxing authorities of the jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies, which could impact our financial position and operating results. Historically, we have allocated some of our employees’ and contractors’ time across multiple business entities in the international jurisdictions in which we operate. If it were determined that we had misclassified our employees’ or contractors’ employment status or certain of our expenditures under local laws, we may be subjected to penalties or be required to pay withholding taxes, extend employee benefits, provide compensation for unpaid overtime, or otherwise incur substantially greater expenses with respect to such employees and contractors. Any of the foregoing circumstances could have a material adverse impact on our operating results and financial condition.
In addition, the European Union Economic and Financial Affairs Council has in recent years released a list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes. The stated aim of the list is to promote good governance worldwide in order to maximize efforts to promote fair tax competition and address harmful tax practices. In February 2023, Costa Rica was added to this list, which now includes 16 jurisdictions. According to the European Union Economic and Financial Affairs Council, Costa Rica was added to the list because it has not fulfilled a commitment to abolish or amend harmful aspects of its foreign source income exemption regime. In October 2023, the EU Council announced that three jurisdictions have been removed from the list of non-cooperative tax jurisdiction, one of which was Costa Rica. This follows the reforms made to Costa Rica’s Income Tax Law, amending aspects of the foreign-source income exemption regime. The reforms include a clarification to the scope of the territoriality principle and introduction of a new taxation regime for foreign-source passive income.
We are periodically reviewed and audited by tax authorities with respect to income and non-income taxes. Tax authorities may disagree with certain positions we have taken, and we may have exposure to additional income and non-income tax liabilities which could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. Such authorities could impose additional taxes, interest and penalties, claim that various withholding requirements apply to us or our subsidiaries or assert that benefits of tax treaties are not available to us or our subsidiaries. In addition, our future effective tax rates could be favorably or unfavorably affected by changes in tax rates, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets or liabilities, the effectiveness of our tax planning strategies, or changes in tax laws or their interpretation. Such changes could have an adverse impact on our financial condition.
As a result of these and other factors, the ultimate amount of tax obligations owed may differ from the amounts recorded in our financial statements and any such difference may harm our operating results in future periods in which we change our estimates of our tax obligations or in which the ultimate tax outcome is determined.
Our ability to use net operating losses to offset future taxable income and certain other tax attributes may be subject to certain limitations.
Federal and California laws impose restrictions on the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and research and development credit carryforwards in the event of a change in ownership of the Company, which constitutes an “ownership change” as defined by Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383. Generally, an ownership change occurs if the percentage of the value of the shares that are owned by one or more direct or indirect “five percent shareholders” increases by more than 50% over their lowest ownership percentage at any time during the applicable testing period. If we have experienced an “ownership change” at any time since our formation, we may already be subject to limitations on our ability to utilize our existing net operating losses and other tax attributes. We have not experienced an ownership change in the past that would materially impact the availability of its net operating losses and tax credits. Nevertheless, future changes in our share ownership, which may be outside of our control, may trigger an “ownership change” and, consequently, Section 382 and 383 limitations. We have not completed a Section 382 and 383 analysis to determine if an ownership change has occurred. Until such analysis is completed, we cannot be sure that the full amount of the existing net operating loss carryforwards will be available to us, even if we do generate taxable income before their expiration. In addition, under the newly
78
Table of Contents
enacted U.S. federal income tax law, federal net operating losses incurred in 2018 and in future years may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such federal net operating losses is limited.
U.S. holders of our common shares may suffer adverse tax consequences if we are characterized as a passive foreign investment company.
A non-U.S. corporation will be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in any taxable year in which either (1) at least 75% of its gross income is passive income; or (2) at least 50% of the average quarterly value of its total gross assets is attributable to assets that produce “passive income” or are held for the production of passive income. Based on the project composition of our income and valuation of our assets, we do not believe we were a PFIC in 2023 and 2022, and we do not expect to become one in the future. However, because our PFIC status is subject to a number of uncertainties, neither we nor our tax advisors can provide any assurances regarding our PFIC status. If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. holder holds our common shares, the U.S. holder may be subject to adverse tax consequences. U.S. investors should consult their advisors regarding the application of these rules and the availability of any potential elections.
If a United States person is treated as owning at least 10% of our common shares, such holder may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.
If a United States person is treated as owning (directly, indirectly, or constructively) at least 10% of the value or voting power of our ordinary shares, such person may be treated as a “United States shareholder” with respect to each “controlled foreign corporation” in our group (if any). We may become a controlled foreign corporation. In addition, because our group includes one or more U.S. subsidiaries, certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries could be treated as controlled foreign corporations (regardless of whether or not we are treated as a controlled foreign corporation). A U.S. shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation may be required to report annually and include in its U.S. taxable income its pro rata share of “Subpart F income,” “global intangible low-taxed income,” and investments in U.S. property by controlled foreign corporations, regardless of whether we make any distributions. An individual that is a U.S. shareholder with respect to a controlled foreign corporation generally would not be allowed certain tax deductions or foreign tax credits that would be allowed to a U.S. shareholder that is a U.S. corporation. Failure to comply with these reporting obligations may subject a U.S. shareholder to significant monetary penalties and may prevent the statute of limitations with respect to such shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax return for the year for which reporting was due from starting. We cannot provide any assurances that we will assist investors in determining whether we or any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is treated as a controlled foreign corporation or whether any investor is treated as a U.S. shareholder with respect to any such controlled foreign corporation or furnish to any U.S. shareholders information that may be necessary to comply with the aforementioned reporting and tax paying obligations. A U.S. investor should consult its advisors regarding the potential application of these rules to an investment in our common shares.
Discontinuation of preferential tax treatments we currently enjoy or other unfavorable changes in tax law could result in additional compliance obligations and costs.
Discontinuation of preferential tax treatments we currently enjoy or other unfavorable changes in tax law could result in additional compliance obligations and costs. We are currently the beneficiary of a tax holiday in Costa Rica pursuant to which we are subject to a tax at a 0% rate. The tax holiday is effective through December 31, 2030, and it may be extended if certain additional requirements are satisfied. However, there can be no assurance that we will continue to qualify for or receive such favorable tax treatment after the expiration date. If we fail to maintain such favorable tax treatment, we may be subject to tax in Costa Rica at a significantly higher rate.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities
Our share price may be volatile, and purchasers of our securities could incur substantial losses.
The price at which our common shares trade may be volatile. The securities markets in general, and the market for biotechnology and medical device companies in particular, have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. Additionally, the lack of an active market may impair the value of our common shares, or your ability to sell your shares at the time you wish to sell them or at a price that you consider reasonable. Although our common shares are listed on Nasdaq, if we fail to satisfy the continued listing standards, we could be delisted, which would negatively impact the price of our common shares. The market price for our shares may be influenced by many factors, including the following:
•our ability to successfully commercialize, and realize revenues from sales of, Motiva Implants;
79
Table of Contents
▪the success of competitive products or technologies;
▪results of clinical studies of Motiva Implants or planned products or those of our competitors;
•regulatory or legal developments in the United States and other countries, especially changes in laws or regulations applicable to our products;
•introductions and announcements of new products by us, our commercialization partners, or our competitors, and the timing of these introductions or announcements;
•actions taken by regulatory agencies with respect to our products, clinical studies, manufacturing processes or sales and marketing terms;
•variations in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us;
•the success of our efforts to acquire or in-license additional products or planned products;
•developments concerning our collaborations, including but not limited to those with our sources of manufacturing supply and our commercialization partners;
•developments concerning our ability to bring our manufacturing processes to scale in a cost-effective manner;
•announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;
•developments or disputes concerning patents or other proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our products;
•our ability or inability to raise additional capital and the terms on which we raise it;
•the recruitment or departure of key personnel;
•changes in the structure of health care payment systems;
•negative shifts in the economy affecting the number of aesthetic breast procedures;
•market conditions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors;
•actual or anticipated changes in earnings estimates or changes in securities analyst recommendations regarding our common shares, other comparable companies or our industry generally;
•trading volume of our common shares;
•sales of our common shares by us or our shareholders;
•short selling activities;
•the impact of pandemics, epidemics or other public health crises;
•general economic, industry and market conditions; and
•the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.
These broad market and industry factors may harm the market price of our common shares, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against companies. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
We identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future that may cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements of our consolidated financial statements. If we fail to establish and maintain effective control over financial reporting, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results could be adversely affected.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Prior to the completion of our IPO, we were a private company with limited accounting and compliance personnel and other resources to address our internal control over financial reporting.
80
Table of Contents
On December 31, 2021, it was determined that our primary user access controls (i.e. provisioning, de-provisioning, and quarterly user access review) to ensure appropriate segregation of duties that would adequately restrict user and privileged access to the financially relevant systems and data to appropriate Company personnel were not operating effectively. These user access control deficiencies resulted in a lack of segregation of duties with respect to certain user roles. Automated process-level controls and manual controls that are dependent upon the information derived from such financially relevant systems were also determined to be ineffective as a result of such deficiency. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we completed our testing of the operating effectiveness of the implemented controls and found them to be effective. As a result, we have concluded the material weakness identified as of December 31, 2021 has been remediated as of December, 31 2023.
It was determined that as of December 31, 2023, our primary change management controls for direct database changes were not designed and implemented effectively for specific localities. Other Information Technology General Controls, automated process-level controls, and manual controls that are dependent upon the information derived from such financially relevant systems were also determined to be ineffective as a result of such deficiency. We have made significant progress remediating change management controls as of December 31, 2023. We improved policies and procedures and designed and documented more effective change management monitoring controls, through the use of systematic audit logging, that address the relevant risks in order to remediate the identified material weakness. The material weakness persists and will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and management has concluded, through testing, that the control objective is achieved, and the controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of this material weakness will be completed during 2024.
We also expect that we will need to continue to improve existing, and implement new operational and financial systems, procedures and controls to manage our business effectively. Any delay in the implementation of, or disruption in the transition to, new or enhanced systems, procedures or controls, may cause our operations to suffer and we may be unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective and to obtain an unqualified report on internal controls from our auditors as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control are discovered or occur in the future, it may materially adversely affect our ability to report our financial condition and results of operations in a timely and accurate manner and impact investor confidence in our Company.
The actions we have taken are subject to continued review, supported by confirmation and testing by management as well as audit committee oversight. The identification and remediation of additional material weaknesses in the future, could adversely affect our ability to report financial information, including our filing of quarterly or annual reports with the SEC on a timely and accurate basis and prohibit us from producing timely and accurate consolidated financial statements, which may adversely affect our share price and we may be unable to maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing requirements.
Risks Related to Being a British Virgin Islands Company
Rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, and, accordingly, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the BVI Act, and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the British Virgin Islands and by the BVI Act. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the British Virgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law. As a result of the foregoing, holders of our ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against our management, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.
81
Table of Contents
British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of one avenue to protect their interests.
British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstances in which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect of any such action, may result in the rights of shareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly, shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are also unlikely to recognize or enforce judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law, or to impose liabilities based on certain liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands. There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands will generally recognize and enforce the non-penal judgment of a non-U.S. court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits. This means that even if shareholders were to sue us successfully, they may not be able to recover anything to make up for the losses suffered.
British Virgin Islands law differs from the laws in effect in the United States, and U.S. investors may have difficulty enforcing civil liabilities against us, our directors or members of senior management.
Under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, we may indemnify and hold our directors harmless against all claims and suits brought against them, subject to limited exceptions. Furthermore, to the extent allowed by law, the rights and obligations among or between us, any of our current or former directors, officers and employees and any current or former shareholder will be governed exclusively by the laws of the British Virgin Islands and subject to the jurisdiction of the British Virgin Islands courts, unless those rights or obligations do not relate to or arise out of their capacities as such. Although there is doubt as to whether U.S. courts would enforce these provisions in an action brought in the United States, under U.S. securities laws, these provisions could make judgments obtained outside of the British Virgin Islands more difficult to enforce against our assets in the British Virgin Islands or jurisdictions that would apply British Virgin Islands law.
The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide limited protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have limited or no recourse if they are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.
Under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, there is limited statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Act dealing with shareholder remedies, as summarized under “Description of Share Capital-Shareholders’ Rights Under British Virgin Islands Law Generally.” One protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents of a British Virgin Islands company and are entitled to have the affairs of the Company conducted in accordance with the BVI Act and the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company. As such, if those who control the Company have disregarded the requirements of the BVI Act or the provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, then the courts will likely grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are the following: (i) an act complained of which is illegal; (ii) acts that constitute oppression, unfair discrimination or unfair prejudice against the minority where the wrongdoers control the Company; (iii) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right to vote; and (iv) acts where we have not complied with provisions requiring approval of a special or extraordinary majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights afforded to minority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.
Provisions in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and under British Virgin Islands law could make an acquisition of us more difficult and may prevent attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management.
Provisions in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control of us that shareholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for our common shares, thereby reducing the market price of our common shares. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for shareholders to replace members of our Board of Directors. Because our Board of Directors is responsible for appointing the members of
82
Table of Contents
our management team, these provisions could in turn affect any attempt by our shareholders to replace current members of our management team. Among others, these provisions include the following:
•while we are commencing a phased-in process to declassify our Board of Directors, our Board of Directors is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms and will not be fully declassified until our 2026 annual meeting of shareholders, which may delay or prevent a change of our management or a change in control;
•our Board of Directors has the right to elect directors to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our Board of Directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which will prevent shareholders from being able to fill vacancies on our Board of Directors;
•our shareholders are not able to act by written consent, and, as a result, a holder, or holders, controlling a majority of our shares are not able to take certain actions other than at annual shareholders’ meetings or special shareholders’ meetings;
•our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association do not allow cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority shareholders to elect director candidates;
•our shareholders are required to provide advance notice and additional disclosures in order to nominate individuals for election to our Board of Directors or to propose matters that can be acted upon at a shareholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company; and
•our Board of Directors is able to issue, without shareholder approval, preferred shares with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to acquire us.
Moreover, because we are incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, we are governed by the provisions of BVI Business Companies Act, 2004, as amended, or the BVI Act, which provide for different shareholder rights than a Delaware corporation. See, for example, the risk factor titled “Rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, and, accordingly, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.”
83
Table of Contents
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we issued and sold to third parties the securities listed below without registering the securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). None of these transactions involved any public offering. All our securities were sold through private placement either (i) outside the United States or (ii) in the United States to a limited number of investors in transactions not involving any public offering. Therefore, we believe that each issuance of these securities was exempt from, or not subject to, registration under the Securities Act, relying on Section 4(a)(2) (or Regulation D promulgated thereunder) or Regulation S of the Securities Act.
As consideration for royalties, we issued 12,650 common shares, valued at $0.5 million, to Dr. Randquist on August 9, 2024.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Insider Trading Arrangements
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
84
Table of Contents
(a)     Exhibits.
Exhibit Number
Description of Exhibit
Incorporation by Reference
3.1
Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 31, 2023
4.1
Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2024
10.1
Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 26, 2024
10.2
Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2024
10.3
Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2024.
31.1
31.2
32.1*
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* The certifications filed as Exhibits 32.1 are not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof irrespective of any general incorporation by reference language contained in any such filing, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.
85
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
ESTABLISHMENT LABS HOLDINGS INC.
By: /s/ Juan José Chacón Quirós
Date:November 12, 2024By:Juan José Chacón Quirós
Title:Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:November 12, 2024By: /s/ Rajbir S. Denhoy
Name:Rajbir S. Denhoy
Title:Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer)
86