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目錄

美國

證券交易委員會

華盛頓特區20549

表格 10-Q

（在以下選項中加上一個）

☒			根據1934年證券交易法第13或15(d)節的季度報告

截至季度結束日期的財務報告2024年9月30日

或者

☐			根據1934年證券交易法第13或15(d)節的轉型報告書

過渡期從__________到_____________

委託文件編號：001-39866000-55983

(根據其章程規定的註冊人準確名稱)

賓夕法尼亞州			83-1561918
（國家或其他管轄區的 公司成立或組織）			（納稅人識別號碼）

9號老林肯公路, Malvern, 賓夕法尼亞州 19355

（總部地址）（郵政編碼）

(484) 568-5000

(註冊人電話號碼，包括區號)

類別名稱			交易代碼			登記的交易所名稱
普通股，每股面值爲1美元			MRBK			納斯達克證券交易所

請勾選以下選項以指示註冊人是否在過去12個月內(或在註冊人需要提交此類報告的較短時間內)已提交證券交易法1934年第13或15(d)條所要求提交的所有報告，並且在過去90天內已受到此類報告提交要求的影響。☒Yes ☐No

請在以下勾選方框表示註冊人是否已在Regulation S-T Rule 405規定的前12個月(或在註冊人需要提交此類文件的較短期間內)提交了每個互動數據文件。☒Yes ☐No

請在以下選項前打勾表示公司屬於大型快速記錄者、快速記錄者、非快速記錄者、小額報告公司還是新興增長公司。可參考《交易所法規》規則12億.2中對「大型快速記錄者」、「快速記錄者」、「小額報告公司」和「新興增長公司」的定義。

大型加速存取器

☐

加速存取器

☒

非加速申報人

☐

較小報告公司

☒

新興成長公司

☐

如果是新興成長型企業，請勾選複選標記，表明註冊者已選擇不使用延長過渡期來符合根據證券交易法第13(a)條規定提供的任何新財務會計準則。 ☐

請打勾表明註冊人是否爲殼公司（根據證券交易法規則12b-2定義）。 ☐是☒否

指出截至最近實際日期，發行人每個普通股類別的流通股數。截至2024年11月4日， 11,240,075 發行人普通股的流通股爲每股面值1.00美元。

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目錄

目錄

第一部分財務信息
項目1 基本報表 (未經審計)			3
綜合資產負債表 – 2024年9月30日 和 2023年12月31日			3
綜合收入表 – 三個和九個 截至 2024年9月30日 和 2023			4
綜合損益綜合表 – 三個和九個 截至 2024年9月30日 和 2023			5
股東權益綜合報表 – 三個和九個 截至 2024年9月30日 和 2023			6
現金流量綜合報表 – 九個月結束 2024年9月30日 和 2023			7
合併財務報表附註（未經審計）			8
項目2管理的財務狀況和業績討論與分析			34
項目三關於市場風險的定性和定量披露			47
項目四控制和程序			49
第二部分 其他信息
項目1 法律訴訟			49
項目1A 風險因素			49
項目2未註冊的股權銷售和使用所得款項			49
項目3 拖欠高級證券			49
項目4 礦山安全披露			49
項目5 其他信息			49
項目6 陳列品			50
簽名			51

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目錄

縮略語、縮寫和術語詞彙表

以下列出的首字母縮略詞、縮寫詞和術語在本報告的各個部分中使用。在整個本報告中，術語"經絡"、"我們"、"我們的"或"我們"指的是 Meridian 公司及其合併子公司，除非上下文另有要求。

首字母縮略詞			Description
ACBB			Atlantic Central Bankers Bank
ACH			自動清算所
ACL			信貸損失準備金
可供出售金融資產			可供出售
資產負債管理委員會			資產/負債委員會
貸款和租賃損失撥備			貸款和租賃損失撥備
ALM			資產/負債管理
未實現其他綜合收益			累計其他綜合收益
ASC			會計準則編碼
會計準則更新			會計準則更新
銀行控股公司法案			1956年的銀行控股公司法案
銀行擁有壽險賠償金的權利			銀行擁有的人壽保險
銀行保密法 - 反洗錢法			聯儲局銀行期限融資計劃
銀行長期融資計劃			銀行控股變更法案
CBCA			銀行控制變更法案
社區銀行槓桿比率			社區銀行槓桿比率
存單帳戶登記服務			存單帳戶登記服務
CECL（Current expected credit losses，預期信貸損失）			目前預計信貸損失
普通股股本的風險調整資本率			普通股第一層級資本
CFPB			消費者金融保護局
CMO			抵押質押證券
房地產			商業房地產
DIF			美國聯邦存款保險公司的存款保險基金
ECOA			平等信貸機會法
ESOP			員工持股計劃
FASB			財務會計準則委員會
聯邦存款保險公司			聯邦存款保險公司
聯邦金融機構檢查委員會			聯邦金融機構審查委員會
FHA			聯邦房屋局
FHFA			聯邦住房金融署
FHLB			匹茲堡聯邦住房貸款銀行
聯邦住房抵押貸款公司			美國房屋抵押貸款公司或Freddie Mac
fair isaac			融資公司
FNMA			美國國家抵押協會或Fannie Mae
聯邦儲備委員會			費城聯邦儲備銀行
全額應稅當量			完全應稅等價
通用會計準則			美國通用會計準則
全球交易委員會法案			格拉姆-利奇-布萊利法案
政府國家抵押貸款協會			政府國家抵押貸款協會或金融梅
政府支持的實體			政府贊助的實體
保留至到期			持有至到期投資
ICBA			美國獨立社區銀行協會
《就業機會法》			2012年創業激勵法案
LBP			Look-back period
LEP			Loss emergence period

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目錄

LGD			違約損失率
倫敦銀行同業拆借利率			倫敦銀行間同業拆借利率
LIHTC			低收入住房稅收抵免
MBS			抵押支持證券
MSLP			Main Street Lending Programs
MSR			按揭服務權
OFAC			外國資產控制辦公室
OREO			其他房地產業擁有
PCAOB			公共公司會計監督委員會
「PCD」是指斑岩銅 - 鉬系統。			購買信用衰退。
PD。			違約概率
PDBS			賓夕法尼亞銀行與證券局
IFRS 16對2023年Q3和2022年Q3的影響如下： （i）分別減少$1,352和$1,309的SG＆A費用，其中包括對使用權利（「ROU」）資產的折舊影響，減去租金支付不包括在SG＆A費用中的影響；（ii）分別增加$1,214和$1,186的利息費用，因爲這些租賃負債在期間內必須記錄利息費用，（iii）分別有$36和$33遞延所得稅影響，根據對ROU資產和租賃負債餘額的稅務屬性計算而來。IFRS 16對2023年截至日期和2022年截至日期的影響如下：（i）分別減少了$3,885和$4,262的SG＆A費用，其中包括對ROU資產折舊的影響，減去租金支付不包括在SG＆A費用中的影響；（ii）分別增加$3,508和$3,582的利息費用，因爲這些租賃負債在期間內必須記錄利息費用，（iii）分別有$99和$180的遞延所得稅影響，基於記錄的ROU資產和租賃負債餘額的稅務屬性。			使用權
SBA			美國小型企業管理局
SEC			證券交易委員會
補充執行退休計劃			補充執行退休金計劃
SNC			共享國家信貸
SOFR			隔夜擔保融資利率
TILA			信貸真實性法案
TDR			有問題的債務重組
USDA			美國農業部
VA			美國退伍軍人事務部

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目錄

美彙集團及其子公司

基本報表

（未經審計）

(千美元，除股份數據外)			September 30, 2024						12月31日, 2023
資產：
現金和存放在銀行的款項			$	12,542					$	10,067
其他銀行的利息存款			19,805						46,630
現金及現金等價物			32,347						56,697
可供出售的證券，按公允價值計量（攤餘成本爲$179,008 和$156,492）			171,568						146,019
持有至到期日的證券，按攤銷成本計量（公允價值爲$31,323 和$32,730）			33,833						35,781
股本投資			2,166						2,121
待售抵押貸款			46,602						24,816
貸款及其他金融應收款，扣除費用和成本			2,008,396						1,895,806
信貸損失準備金			(21,965)						(22,107)
貸款及其他金融應收款淨額，扣除信用損失準備			1,986,431						1,873,699
受限銀行股投資			8,542						8,072
銀行房屋及設備賬面價值淨額			12,807						13,557
銀行擁有的人壽保險			29,489						28,844
應計利息應收款			10,012						9,325
其他房地產業擁有			1,862						1,703
延遲所得稅			3,537						4,201
服務資產			4,364						11,748
服務持有待售資產			6,609						—
商譽			899						899
無形資產			2,818						2,971
其他			33,835						25,740
資產總額			$	2,387,721					$	2,246,193
負債：
存款：
非計息存款			$	237,207					$	239,289
人形機器人-軸承利息			1,741,720						1,584,173
存款總額			1,978,927						1,823,462
借款			144,880						174,896
次級債券			49,928						49,836
應付應計利息			7,017						10,324
其他負債			39,519						29,653
負債合計			2,220,271						2,088,171
股東權益:
普通股，每股面值爲 $0.0001；1。25,000,000 股份已獲授權; 13,232,258 和 13,186,198 發行股份和 11,229,075 和 11,183,015分別擁有 和 股已發行股份			13,232						13,186
盈餘			81,002						80,325
庫存股票，2,003,183股份，成本爲			(26,079)						(26,079)
員工股權所有計劃持有的未發行普通股			(1,204)						(1,204)
保留盈餘			107,765						101,216
累計其他綜合損失			(7,266)						(9,422)
股東權益總額			167,450						158,022
負債和股東權益總額			$	2,387,721					$	2,246,193

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

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MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

			Three months ended September 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)			2024						2023						2024						2023
Interest income:
Loans and other finance receivables, including fees			$	38,103					$	33,980					$	109,928					$	95,612
Securities - taxable			1,480						901						4,055						2,853
Securities - tax-exempt			320						333						969						1,038
Cash and cash equivalents			416						245						1,047						741
Total interest income			40,319						35,459						115,999						100,244
Interest expense:
Deposits			19,313						15,543						55,696						41,013
Borrowings and subordinated debentures			2,764						2,692						8,606						7,230
Total interest expense			22,077						18,235						64,302						48,243
Net interest income			18,242						17,224						51,697						52,001
Provision for credit losses			2,282						82						7,828						2,186
Net interest income after provision for credit losses			15,960						17,142						43,869						49,815
Non-interest income:
Mortgage banking income			6,474						4,819						15,528						13,143
Wealth management income			1,447						1,258						4,208						3,689
SBA loan income			544						982						2,315						3,463
Earnings on investment in life insurance			222						201						644						585
Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments			(102)						103						176						217
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale			169						111						138						(88)
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment			965						(570)						766						(673)
Net (loss) gain on hedging activity			(197)						82						(279)						81
Net loss on sale of investment securities available-for-sale			(57)						(3)						(57)						(58)
Other			1,366						1,103						4,620						3,489
Total non-interest income			10,831						8,086						28,059						23,848
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits			12,829						12,420						34,839						35,633
Occupancy and equipment			1,243						1,226						3,706						3,610
Professional fees			1,106						1,104						3,633						2,930
Data processing and software			1,553						1,652						4,591						4,764
Advertising and promotion			717						848						2,454						2,799
Pennsylvania bank shares tax			181						244						729						735
Other			2,917						2,524						7,786						6,951
Total non-interest expense			20,546						20,018						57,738						57,422
Income before income taxes			6,245						5,210						14,190						16,241
Income tax expense			1,502						1,205						3,445						3,568
Net income			$	4,743					$	4,005					$	10,745					$	12,673
Basic earnings per common share			$	0.43					$	0.36					$	0.97					$	1.14
Diluted earnings per common share			$	0.42					$	0.35					$	0.96					$	1.11
Basic weighted average shares outstanding			11,110						11,058						11,098						11,129
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding			11,234						11,363						11,198						11,449

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

			Three months ended September 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)			2024						2023						2024						2023
Net income:			$	4,743					$	4,005					$	10,745					$	12,673
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available for sale:
Change in fair value of investment securities, net of tax of $695 and $(575), $1,063 and $(489) respectively			2,420						(2,059)						2,311						(1,757)
Reclassification adjustment for net losses realized in net income, net of tax effect of $14, $1, $14, and 13, respectively,			43						2						43						45
Reclassification adjustment for investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity, net of tax effect of $7 and $7, $21 and $19 respectively			22						22						66						67
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of tax effect of $716 and $(566),$1,098 and $(457), respectively			$	2,485					$	(2,035)					$	2,420					$	(1,645)
Net change in unrealized (losses) gains on interest rate swaps used in cash flow hedges, net of tax effect of $368, $(140), $85 and $(233), respectively			(1,163)						497						(264)						825
Total other comprehensive income (loss)			$	1,322					$	(1,538)					$	2,156					$	(820)
Total comprehensive income			$	6,065					$	2,467					$	12,901					$	11,853

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

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MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)			Common Stock						Surplus						Treasury Stock						Unearned ESOP						Retained Earnings						AOCI						Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance at July 1, 2024			$	13,194					$	80,639					$	(26,079)					$	(1,204)					$	104,420					$	(8,588)					$	162,382
Net income			—						—						—						—						4,743						—						4,743
Other comprehensive income			—						—						—						—						—						1,322						1,322
Dividends declared ($0.125 per share)			—						—						—						—						(1,398)						—						(1,398)
Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises			38						297						—						—						—						—						335
Stock based compensation expense			—						66						—						—						—						—						66
Balance at September 30, 2024			$	13,232					$	81,002					$	(26,079)					$	(1,204)					$	107,765					$	(7,266)					$	167,450

			Common Stock						Surplus						Treasury Stock						Unearned ESOP						Retained Earnings						AOCI						Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance at January 1, 2024			$	13,186					$	80,325					$	(26,079)					$	(1,204)					$	101,216					$	(9,422)					$	158,022
Net income			—						—						—						—						10,745						—						10,745
Other comprehensive income			—						—						—						—						—						2,156						2,156
Dividends declared ($0.375 per share)			—						—						—						—						(4,196)						—						(4,196)
Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises			46						358						—						—						—						—						404
Stock based compensation expense			—						319						—						—						—						—						319
Balance at September 30, 2024			$	13,232					$	81,002					$	(26,079)					$	(1,204)					$	107,765					$	(7,266)					$	167,450

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)			Common Stock						Surplus						Treasury Stock						Unearned ESOP						Retained Earnings						AOCI						Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance at July 1, 2023			$	13,181					$	79,650					$	(26,079)					$	(1,403)					$	99,434					$	(10,821)					$	153,962
Net income			—						—						—						—						4,005						—						4,005
Other comprehensive loss			—						—						—						—						—						(1,538)						(1,538)
Dividends declared ($0.125 per share)			—						—						—						—						(1,396)						—						(1,396)
Stock based compensation expense			—						81						—						—						—						—						81
Balance at September 30, 2023			$	13,181					$	79,731					$	(26,079)					$	(1,403)					$	102,043					$	(12,359)					$	155,114

			Common Stock						Surplus						Treasury Stock						Unearned ESOP						Retained Earnings						AOCI						Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance at January 1, 2023			$	13,156					$	79,072					$	(21,821)					$	(1,403)					$	95,815					$	(11,539)					$	153,280
Adjustment to initially apply ASU No. 2016-13 for CECL, net of tax			—						—						—						—						(2,228)						—						(2,228)
Net income			—						—						—						—						12,673						—						12,673
Other comprehensive loss			—						—						—						—						—						(820)						(820)
Dividends declared ($0.375 per share)			—						—						—						—						(4,217)						—						(4,217)
Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans (127,849 shares)			—						—						(4,258)						—						—						—						(4,258)
Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises			25						144						—						—						—						—						169
Stock based compensation expense			—						515						—						—						—						—						515
Balance at September 30, 2023			$	13,181					$	79,731					$	(26,079)					$	(1,403)					$	102,043					$	(12,359)					$	155,114

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

			Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)			2024						2023
Net income			$	10,745					$	12,673
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Loss on sale of investment securities			57						58
Net amortization of investment premiums and discounts and change in fair value of equity securities			2,873						1,225
Depreciation and amortization (accretion), net			276						289
Provision for credit losses			7,828						2,186
Amortization of issuance costs on subordinated debt			92						56
Stock based compensation			319						515
Net change in fair value of derivative instruments			(176)						(217)
Net change in fair value of loans held for sale			(138)						88
Net change in fair value of loans held for investment			(766)						673
Amortization and net impairment of servicing rights			994						1,618
SBA loan income			(2,315)						(3,463)
Proceeds from sale of loans			594,669						515,573
Loans originated for sale			(594,399)						(504,880)
Mortgage banking income			(15,528)						(13,143)
Increase in accrued interest receivable			(687)						(1,621)
Increase in other assets			(438)						(4,874)
Earnings from investment in bank owned life insurance			(644)						(585)
Decrease in deferred income tax			66						170
(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable			(3,307)						5,425
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities			10,780						(778)
Net cash provided by operating activities			$	10,301					$	10,988
Cash flows from investing activities:
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Maturities, repayments and calls			12,436						7,301
Sales			16,004						13,514
Purchases			(61,024)						(12,949)
Activity in held-to-maturity securities:
Maturities, repayments and calls			1,720						1,020
Increase in restricted stock			(470)						(1,378)
Net increase in loans			(124,753)						(149,462)
Purchases of premises and equipment			(222)						(1,080)
Net cash used in investing activities			$	(156,309)					$	(143,034)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits			155,465						96,166
(Decrease) increase in short-term borrowings			(40,609)						37,201
Increase in long-term debt			10,594						18,676
Repayment of subordinated debt			—						(54)
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt			—						9,740
Issuance costs on subordinated debt			—						(9)
Net purchase of treasury stock			—						(4,258)
Dividends paid			(4,196)						(4,217)
Share based awards and exercises			404						169
Net cash provided by financing activities			$	121,658					$	153,414
Net change in cash and cash equivalents			(24,350)						21,368
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period			56,697						38,391
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period			$	32,347					$	59,759
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest			$	67,609					$	42,818
Income taxes			1,222						1,839
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Transfers from loans held for sale to loans held for investment			—						351
Net loans sold, not settled			8,162						12,820
Investment security purchases, not settled			(7,380)						—

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(1)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Corporation’s unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been included.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Amounts subject to significant estimates are items such as the allowance for credit losses, lending related commitments and the related unfunded commitment reserve, the fair value of financial instruments, other-than-temporary impairments of investment securities, and the valuations of goodwill, intangible assets, and servicing assets.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Corporation’s filings with the SEC (including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023), subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that update or provide information in addition to the information included in Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2024 or for any other period.

Pronouncements Adopted in 2024

The following pronouncements were adopted in 2024, but did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

•FASB ASU 2020-06, “Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”

•FASB ASU 2023-02, "Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323) Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method"

Pronouncements Not Yet Effective as of September 30, 2024:

FASB ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”

The amendments in this update improve financial reporting by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. The amendments in this update also do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of this update for fiscal year ending December 31, 2024 to have a material impact on its disclosures.

FASB ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”

The amendments in this update address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This update also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and are to be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted.The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact on its disclosures.

FASB ASU 2024-01 Stock Compensation - Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards

The amendments in this update improve the understandability of paragraph 718-10-15-3 apply to all entities that enter into share-based payments transactions. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and are to be applied on a prospective basis. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact on its disclosures.

FASB ASU No. 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative".

This ASU amends the disclosure or presentation requirements related to various subtopics in the FASB ASC. The amendments in this ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of Codification Topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC's regulations. For entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two

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years later. However, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the related disclosure from its regulations, the amendments will be removed from the Codification and not become effective for any entity.

(2)    Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period reduced by unearned ESOP Plan shares and treasury shares. Diluted earnings per common share takes into account the potential dilution computed pursuant to the treasury stock method that could occur if stock options were exercised and converted into common stock, and if restricted stock awards were vested. The effects of stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be anti-dilutive.

			Three months ended September 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)			2024						2023						2024						2023
Numerator for earnings per share:
Net income available to common stockholders			$	4,743					$	4,005					$	10,745					$	12,673
Denominators for earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding			11,254						11,228						11,249						11,307
Average unearned ESOP shares			(144)						(170)						(151)						(178)
Basic weighted averages shares outstanding			11,110						11,058						11,098						11,129
Dilutive effects of assumed exercises of stock options			124						119						100						149
Dilutive effects of SERP shares			—						186						—						171
Diluted weighted averages shares outstanding			11,234						11,363						11,198						11,449
Basic earnings per share			$	0.43					$	0.36					$	0.97					$	1.14
Diluted earnings per share			$	0.42					$	0.35					$	0.96					$	1.11
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of average dilutive earnings per share			489						490						586						490

(3)    Securities

The following tables presents the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, and fair value of securities at the dates indicated:

			September 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Amortized cost						Gross unrealized gains						Gross unrealized losses						Allowance for credit losses						Fair value						# of Securities in unrealized loss position
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities			$	31,001					$	60					$	(190)					$	—					$	30,871					14
U.S. government agency MBS			22,075						222						(325)						—						21,972						12
U.S. government agency CMO			36,111						121						(1,668)						—						34,564						30
State and municipal securities			41,040						41						(3,561)						—						37,520						31
U.S. Treasuries			20,542						—						(1,340)						—						19,202						17
Non-U.S. government agency CMO			12,876						41						(321)						—						12,596						10
Corporate bonds			15,363						255						(775)						—						14,843						15
Total securities available-for-sale			$	179,008					$	740					$	(8,180)					$	—					$	171,568					129
			Amortized cost						Gross unrecognized gains						Gross unrecognized losses						Allowance for credit losses						Fair value						# of Securities in unrecognized loss position
Securities held to maturity:
State and municipal securities			$	33,833					$	39					$	(2,549)					$	—					$	31,323					19
Total securities held-to-maturity			$	33,833					$	39					$	(2,549)					$	—					$	31,323					19

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			December 31, 2023
			Amortized cost						Gross unrealized gains						Gross unrealized losses						Allowance for credit losses						Fair value						# of Securities in unrealized loss position
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities			$	17,012					$	25					$	(213)					$	—					$	16,824					11
U.S. government agency MBS			22,750						364						(480)						—						22,634						14
U.S. government agency CMO			21,850						—						(2,277)						—						19,573						30
State and municipal securities			40,093						—						(3,877)						—						36,216						31
U.S. Treasuries			32,982						—						(2,560)						—						30,422						25
Non-U.S. government agency CMO			13,605						102						(552)						—						13,155						9
Corporate bonds			8,200						—						(1,005)						—						7,195						13
Total securities available-for-sale			$	156,492					$	491					$	(10,964)					$	—					$	146,019					133
			Amortized cost						Gross unrecognized gains						Gross unrecognized losses						Allowance for credit losses						Fair value						# of Securities in unrecognized loss position
Securities held to maturity:
State and municipal securities			$	35,781					$	52					$	(3,103)					$	—					$	32,730					21
Total securities held-to-maturity			$	35,781					$	52					$	(3,103)					$	—					$	32,730					21

Although the Corporation’s investment portfolio overall is in a net unrealized loss position at September 30, 2024, the temporary impairment in the above noted securities is primarily the result of changes in market interest rates subsequent to purchase and it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery to satisfy liquidity needs, and therefore, no securities warranted an ACL.

The following table shows the Corporation’s investment gross unrealized losses and fair value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated:

			September 30, 2024
			Less than 12 Months												12 Months or more												Total
(dollars in thousands)			Fair value						Unrealized losses						Fair value						Unrealized losses						Fair value						Unrealized losses
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities			$	15,386					$	(87)					$	3,701					$	(103)					$	19,087					$	(190)
U.S. government agency MBS			5,191						(30)						8,220						(295)						13,411						(325)
U.S. government agency CMO			3,006						(37)						18,934						(1,631)						21,940						(1,668)
State and municipal securities			—						—						35,982						(3,561)						35,982						(3,561)
U.S. Treasuries			—						—						19,201						(1,340)						19,201						(1,340)
Non-U.S. government agency CMO			3,010						(2)						5,455						(319)						8,465						(321)
Corporate bonds			1,673						(37)						7,464						(738)						9,137						(775)
Total securities available-for-sale			$	28,266					$	(193)					$	98,957					$	(7,987)					$	127,223					$	(8,180)
			Less than 12 Months												12 Months or more												Total
			Fair value						Unrecognized losses						Fair value						Unrecognized losses						Fair value						Unrecognized losses
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities			$	—					$	—					$	29,068					$	(2,549)					$	29,068					$	(2,549)
Total securities held-to-maturity			$	—					$	—					$	29,068					$	(2,549)					$	29,068					$	(2,549)

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			December 31, 2023
			Less than 12 Months												12 Months or more												Total
(dollars in thousands)			Fair value						Unrealized losses						Fair value						Unrealized losses						Fair value						Unrealized losses
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities			$	4,981					$	(25)					$	6,195					$	(188)					$	11,176					$	(213)
U.S. government agency MBS			4,864						(35)						8,170						(445)						13,034						(480)
U.S. government agency CMO			2,687						(36)						16,886						(2,241)						19,573						(2,277)
State and municipal securities			—						—						36,216						(3,877)						36,216						(3,877)
U.S. Treasuries			—						—						30,422						(2,560)						30,422						(2,560)
Non-U.S. government agency CMO			1,127						(4)						6,065						(548)						7,192						(552)
Corporate bonds			907						(93)						6,288						(912)						7,195						(1,005)
Total securities available-for-sale			$	14,566					$	(193)					$	110,242					$	(10,771)					$	124,808					$	(10,964)
			Less than 12 Months												12 Months or more												Total
			Fair value						Unrecognized losses						Fair value						Unrecognized losses						Fair value						Unrecognized losses
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities			$	1,021					$	(6)					$	29,404					$	(3,097)					$	30,425					$	(3,103)
Total securities held-to-maturity			$	1,021					$	(6)					$	29,404					$	(3,097)					$	30,425					$	(3,103)

The amortized cost and carrying value of securities are shown below by contractual maturities at the dates indicated. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

			September 30, 2024
			Available-for-sale												Held-to-maturity
(dollars in thousands)			Amortized cost						Fair value						Amortized cost						Fair value
Due in one year or less			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Due after one year through five years			20,542						19,201						2,017						2,014
Due after five years through ten years			24,592						23,719						5,781						5,102
Due after ten years			62,812						59,516						26,035						24,207
Subtotal			107,946						102,436						33,833						31,323
Mortgage-related securities			71,062						69,132						—						—
Total			$	179,008					$	171,568					$	33,833					$	31,323

There were sales of investment securities available for sale for the three and nine month ended September 30, 2024 totaling $16.0 million with $57 thousand in gross losses recognized. Proceeds from sales of investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $155 thousand and $13.5 million, respectively, with $3 thousand and $58 thousand in gross losses recognized, respectively.

ACL on Securities AFS and HTM

We use credit ratings quarterly and the most recent financial information of securities' issuers annually to help evaluate the credit quality of our securities AFS and HTM portfolios on a quarterly basis. The securities portfolio consists primarily of U.S. government treasuries and U.S. government agency asset backed securities which have no probability of default. The remaining portfolio consists of highly rated municipal bonds, non-agency CMO, and corporate bonds that have a low probability of default.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we had no significant ACL or provision expense and no charge-offs or recoveries on AFS or HTM securities.

Pledged Securities

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, securities having a carrying value of $51.6 million and $60.1 million, respectively, were specifically pledged as collateral for public funds, the FRB discount window program, FHLB borrowings and other purposes. The FHLB has a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.

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(4)    Loans and Other Finance Receivables

The following table presents loans and other finance receivables detailed by category at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage			$	800,938					$	737,863
Home equity lines and loans			86,967						76,287
Residential mortgage			257,604						260,604
Construction			250,552						246,440
Total real estate loans			1,396,061						1,321,194
Commercial and industrial			363,854						302,891
Small business loans			156,499						142,342
Consumer			342						389
Leases, net			86,704						121,632
Total loans and other finance receivables			$	2,003,460					$	1,888,448
Balances included in loans and other finance receivables, net of fees and costs:
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value			$	13,965					$	13,726
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at amortized cost			15,344						16,198
Unearned lease income included in leases, net			(11,085)						(19,210)
Unamortized deferred loan origination costs, net of deferred fees			$	4,936					$	7,358

Fair Value Option for Residential Mortgage Real Estate Loans

Residential mortgage real estate loans that were originated by the Corporation and intended for sale in the secondary market to permanent investors, but were either repurchased or unsalable due to defect, and that the Corporation has the ability and intent to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are carried at fair value pursuant to the Corporation's election of the fair value option for these loans. The remaining loans, net of fees and costs are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of deferred fees or costs, since the original intent for these loans was to hold them until payoff or maturity.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

The following tables present an aging of the Corporation’s loans at the dates indicated:

			September 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			30-89 days past due																		Current						Total accruing loans and leases						Nonaccrual loans and leases						Total loans portfolio and leases						% Delinquent
Commercial mortgage			$	—																	$	800,087					$	800,087					$	851					$	800,938					0.11		%
Home equity lines and loans			847																		84,907						85,754						1,213						86,967						2.37
Residential mortgage (1)			369																		248,293						248,662						8,942						257,604						3.61
Construction			4,892																		242,355						247,247						3,305						250,552						3.27
Commercial and industrial			402																		348,310						348,712						15,142						363,854						4.27
Small business loans			—																		142,697						142,697						13,802						156,499						8.82
Consumer			—																		342						342						—						342						—
Leases, net			1,865																		82,951						84,816						1,888						86,704						4.33		%
Total			$	8,375																	$	1,949,942					$	1,958,317					$	45,143					$	2,003,460					2.67		%

(1) Includes $14.0 million of loans at fair value of which $13.6 million are current, $0 are 30-89 days past due and $361 thousand are nonaccrual.

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			December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)			30-89 days past due																		Current						Total accruing loans and leases						Nonaccrual loans and leases						Total loans portfolio and leases						% Delinquent
Commercial mortgage			$	571																	$	737,292					$	737,863					$	—					$	737,863					0.08		%
Home equity lines and loans			566																		74,684						75,250						1,037						76,287						2.10
Residential mortgage (1)			1,103																		254,965						256,068						4,536						260,604						2.16
Construction			—																		245,234						245,234						1,206						246,440						0.49
Commercial and industrial			—																		287,478						287,478						15,413						302,891						5.09
Small business loans			1,499																		131,403						132,902						9,440						142,342						7.69
Consumer			—																		389						389						—						389						—
Leases, net			2,197																		117,304						119,501						2,131						121,632						3.56		%
Total			$	5,936																	$	1,848,749					$	1,854,685					$	33,763					$	1,888,448					2.10		%

(1) Includes $13.7 million of loans at fair value of which $12.9 million are current, $0 are 30-89 days past due and $786 thousand are nonaccrual.

There were no loans in the tables above as of September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023 that were 90+days past due and still accruing interest.

Foreclosed and Repossessed Assets

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 3 and 4 consumer mortgage loans, respectively, secured by residential real estate properties (included in loans, net of fees and costs on the Consolidated Balance Sheets) totaling $1.1 million and $937 thousand, respectively, for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.

Risks and Uncertainties

We have no particular credit concentration. Our commercial loans have been proactively managed in an effort to achieve a balanced portfolio with no unusual exposure to one industry. Additionally, most of our lending activity occurs within our primary market areas which are concentrated in southeastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland as well as other contiguous markets and represents a geographic concentration. Additionally, our loan portfolio is concentrated in commercial loans. Commercial loans are generally viewed as having more inherent risk of default than residential real estate loans or other consumer loans. Also, the commercial loan balance per borrower is typically larger than that for residential real estate loans and consumer loans, implying higher potential losses on an individual loan basis.

Past Due and Nonaccrual Status

The following tables presents the amortized costs basis of loans and leases on nonaccrual status and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing, net of fees and costs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. As of this date here were no loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing.

			September 30, 2024																		December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)			Nonaccrual without ACL						Nonaccrual with ACL						Total nonaccrual						Nonaccrual without ACL						Nonaccrual with ACL						Total nonaccrual
Commercial mortgage			$	851					$	—					$	851					$	—					$	—					$	—
Home equity lines and loans			1,213						—						1,213						1,037						—						1,037
Residential mortgage			8,813						129						8,942						4,536						—						4,536
Construction			3,305						—						3,305						1,206						—						1,206
Commercial and industrial (1)			179						14,963						15,142						3,343						12,070						15,413
Small business loans			6,327						7,475						13,802						3,607						5,833						9,440
Leases, net			1,888						—						1,888						2,131						—						2,131
Total			$	22,576					$	22,567					$	45,143					$	15,860					$	17,903					$	33,763

(1) Increase in commercial and industrial nonaccrual loans with ACL relates to a repurchased loan as described further in footnote 5.

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Collateral-dependent Loans

The following tables presents the amortized cost basis of non-accruing collateral-dependent loans by class or loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 under the current expected credit loss model:

			September 30, 2024																		December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)			Real estate						Equipment and other						Total						Real estate						Equipment and other						Total
Commercial mortgage			$	851					$	—					$	851					$	—					$	—					$	—
Home equity lines and loans			1,213						—						1,213						1,037						—						1,037
Residential mortgage			8,942						—						8,942						4,536						—						4,536
Construction			3,305						—						3,305						1,206						—						1,206
Commercial and industrial			1,344						13,798						15,142						1,890						13,523						15,413
Small business loans			10,950						2,852						13,802						6,320						3,120						9,440
Leases, net			—						1,888						1,888						—						2,131						2,131
Total			$	26,605					$	18,538					$	45,143					$	14,989					$	18,774					$	33,763

(5)    Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for estimated expected credit losses within the loan portfolio over the

contractual life of an instrument that considers our historical loss experience, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions as of the balance sheet date. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the ACL is based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available.

Roll-Forward of ACL by Portfolio Segment

The following tables provide the activity of our allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 under the CECL model in accordance with ASC 326 (as adopted on January 1, 2023):

			Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Beginning balance						Initial PCD on purchased loan						Charge-offs						Recoveries						Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses						Ending balance
Commercial mortgage			$	3,676					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	(33)					$	3,643
Home equity lines and loans			1,114						—						—						1						(10)						1,105
Residential mortgage			1,059						—						—						—						(78)						981
Construction			591						—						—						—						(12)						579
Commercial and industrial (1)			4,811						574						(107)						—						601						5,879
Small business loans			7,498						—						(1,104)						41						732						7,167
Consumer			—						—						(2)						1						1						—
Leases, net			2,954						—						(1,227)						109						775						2,611
Total			$	21,703					$	574					$	(2,440)					$	152					$	1,976					$	21,965
(1) - Meridian repurchased, at a discount of $574 thousand, the remaining balance of a commercial loan participation to another bank. The discount was recorded as a PCD loan in the ACL rollforward as presented above.

As noted above, on July 17, 2024 Meridian repurchased, at a discount of $574 thousand, the remaining balance of a commercial loan participation to another bank. At the time of purchase the determination was made that this loan had experienced more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. The impact of this loan repurchase increased the balance of non-performing loans by $2.1 million and also increased the ACL by $574 thousand as this loan is classified as a PCD loan. This initial measurement of expected credit losses on a PCD loan has no impact on net income. Subsequent changes to the ACL on a PCD loan would be recognized through a provision for credit losses on the statement of income.

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			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Beginning balance												Initial PCD on purchased loan						Charge-offs						Recoveries						Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses						Ending balance
Commercial mortgage			$	4,375											$	—					$	—					$	—					$	(732)					$	3,643
Home equity lines and loans			998												—						(86)						29						164						1,105
Residential mortgage			1,020												—						—						—						(39)						981
Construction			485												—						—						—						94						579
Commercial and industrial			4,518												574						(1,935)						2						2,720						5,879
Small business loans			7,005												—						(2,583)						108						2,637						7,167
Consumer			—												—						(3)						3						—						—
Leases, net			3,706												—						(4,629)						382						3,152						2,611
Total			$	22,107											$	574					$	(9,236)					$	524					$	7,996					$	21,965

			Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)			Beginning Balance												Charge-offs						Recoveries						Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses						Ending balance
Commercial mortgage			$	3,249											$	—					$	—					$	916					$	4,165
Home equity lines and loans			790												—						2						153						945
Residential mortgage			1,047												—						—						157						1,204
Construction			1,294												—						—						(453)						841
Commercial and industrial			2,241												(130)						1						267						2,379
Small business loans			6,869												(272)						1						(511)						6,086
Consumer			—												(1)						1						—						—

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Leases, net			4,753												(606)						90						(174)						4,063
Total			$	20,242											$	(1,009)					$	95					$	355					$	19,683

			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)			Beginning Balance						Adjustment to initially apply ASU No. 2016-13 for CECL						Charge-offs						Recoveries						Provision (Reversal)						Ending balance
Commercial mortgage			$	4,095					$	(526)					$	—					$	—					$	596					$	4,165
Home equity lines and loans			188						439						(87)						5						400						945
Residential mortgage			948						17						—						—						239						1,204
Construction			3,075						(1,763)						—						—						(471)						841
Commercial and industrial			4,012						(1,023)						(130)						57						(537)						2,379
Small business loans			4,909						1,110						(598)						1						664						6,086
Consumer			3						(3)						(1)						3						(2)						—
Leases, net			1,598						3,345						(2,845)						242						1,723						4,063
Total			$	18,828					$	1,596					$	(3,661)					$	308					$	2,612					$	19,683

Reconciliation of Provision for Credit Losses

The following table provides a reconciliation of the provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income between the funded and unfunded components at the dates indicated:

			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)			2024						2023						2024						2023
Provision for credit losses - funded loans			$	1,976					$	355					$	7,996					$	2,612
Provision (recovery) for credit losses - unfunded loans			306						(273)						(168)						(426)
Total provision for credit losses			$	2,282					$	82					$	7,828					$	2,186

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Allowance Allocated by Portfolio Segment

The following tables detail the allocation of the ACL and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases at the dates indicated:

			September 30, 2024
			Allowance for credit losses																		Carrying value of loans and leases
(dollars in thousands)			Individually evaluated						Collectively evaluated						Total						Individually evaluated						Collectively evaluated						Total
Commercial mortgage			$	—					$	3,643					$	3,643					$	851					$	800,087					$	800,938
Home equity lines and loans			—						1,105						1,105						1,213						85,754						86,967
Residential mortgage			9						972						981						8,581						235,058						243,639
Construction			—						579						579						3,305						247,247						250,552
Commercial and industrial			3,903						1,976						5,879						15,142						348,712						363,854
Small business loans			2,847						4,320						7,167						13,802						142,697						156,499
Consumer			—						—						—						—						342						342
Leases, net			—						2,611						2,611						1,888						84,816						86,704
Total (1)			$	6,759					$	15,206					$	21,965					$	44,782					$	1,944,713					$	1,989,495

(1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.

			December 31, 2023
			Allowance for credit losses																		Carrying value of loans and leases
(dollars in thousands)			Individually evaluated						Collectively evaluated						Total						Individually evaluated						Collectively evaluated						Total
Commercial mortgage			$	—					$	4,375					$	4,375					$	—					$	737,863					$	737,863
Home equity lines and loans			—						998						998						1,037						75,250						76,287
Residential mortgage			—						1,020						1,020						3,750						243,128						246,878
Construction			—						485						485						1,206						245,234						246,440
Commercial and industrial			3,691						827						4,518						15,413						287,478						302,891
Small business loans			2,805						4,200						7,005						9,440						132,902						142,342
Consumer			—						—						—						—						389						389
Leases, net			—						3,706						3,706						2,131						119,501						121,632
Total (1)			$	6,496					$	15,611					$	22,107					$	32,977					$	1,841,745					$	1,874,722

(1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.

Credit Quality Indicators

As part of the process of determining the ACL to the different segments of the loan and lease portfolio, Management considers certain credit quality indicators. For the commercial mortgage, construction and commercial and industrial loan segments, periodic reviews of the individual loans are performed by Management. The results of these reviews are reflected in the risk grade assigned to each loan. These internally assigned grades are as follows:

•Pass – Loans considered to be satisfactory with no indications of deterioration.

•Special mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

•Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

•Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loan balances classified as doubtful have been reduced by partial charge-offs and are carried at their net realizable values.

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The following tables detail the carrying value of loans and leases by portfolio segment based on year of origination and the credit quality indicators used to determine the allowance for credit losses at the dates indicated:

			September 30, 2024																																				Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans						Revolving Loans						Total
			Term Loans
(dollars in thousands)			2024						2023						2022						2021						2020						Prior
Commercial mortgage
Pass/Watch			$	92,898					$	100,002					$	159,003					$	143,288					$	97,750					$	179,056					$	511					$	191					$	772,699
Special Mention			—						—						11,355						—						4,354						7,960						667						—						24,336
Substandard			—						200						—						—						437						3,266						—						—						3,903
Total			$	92,898					$	100,202					$	170,358					$	143,288					$	102,541					$	190,282					$	1,178					$	191					$	800,938
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Construction
Pass/Watch			$	51,252					$	67,740					$	46,861					$	13,892					$	17,097					$	8,611					$	123					$	34,226					$	239,802
Special Mention			89						1,185						319						—						—						—						—						—						1,593
Substandard			—						—						959						1,419						631						2,608						—						3,540						9,157
Total			$	51,341					$	68,925					$	48,139					$	15,311					$	17,728					$	11,219					$	123					$	37,766					$	250,552
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Commercial and industrial
Pass/Watch			$	69,935					$	25,251					$	20,941					$	20,751					$	8,977					$	23,484					$	—					$	155,987					$	325,326
Special Mention			—						850						2,641						—						—						1,045						—						5,549						10,085
Substandard			—						—						3,869						2,331						—						10,116						—						12,127						28,443
Total			$	69,935					$	26,101					$	27,451					$	23,082					$	8,977					$	34,645					$	—					$	173,663					$	363,854
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	(607)					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	(1,324)					$	—					$	(4)					$	(1,935)
Small business loans
Pass/Watch			$	28,917					$	27,159					$	25,859					$	28,458					$	9,709					$	6,539					$	—					$	13,564					$	140,205
Special Mention			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Substandard			—						1,301						1,441						7,957						3,657						—						—						1,938						16,294
Total			$	28,917					$	28,460					$	27,300					$	36,415					$	13,366					$	6,539					$	—					$	15,502					$	156,499
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	(118)					$	(1,551)					$	(140)					$	(182)					$	—					$	—					$	(592)					$	(2,583)
Total by risk rating
Pass/Watch			$	243,002					$	220,152					$	252,664					$	206,389					$	133,533					$	217,690					$	634					$	203,968					$	1,478,032
Special Mention			89						2,035						14,315						—						4,354						9,005						667						5,549						36,014
Substandard			—						1,501						6,269						11,707						4,725						15,990						—						17,605						57,797
Total			$	243,091					$	223,688					$	273,248					$	218,096					$	142,612					$	242,685					$	1,301					$	227,122					$	1,571,843
Total year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	(725)					$	(1,551)					$	(140)					$	(182)					$	(1,324)					$	—					$	(596)					$	(4,518)

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			December 31, 2023																																				Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans						Revolving Loans						Total
			Term Loans
(dollars in thousands)			2023						2022						2021						2020						2019						Prior
Commercial mortgage
Pass/Watch			$	106,341					$	160,302					$	158,647					$	97,535					$	56,382					$	133,349					$	511					$	423					$	713,490
Special Mention			—						—						—						4,425						4,341						9,975						667						—						19,408
Substandard			200						—						571						—						1,635						2,233						—						326						4,965
Total			$	106,541					$	160,302					$	159,218					$	101,960					$	62,358					$	145,557					$	1,178					$	749					$	737,863
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Construction
Pass/Watch			$	67,776					$	88,737					$	21,793					$	27,336					$	2,307					$	2,093					$	123					$	25,976					$	236,141
Special Mention			—						—						1,329						—						511						4,329						—						2,924						9,093
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						1,206						—						—						1,206
Total			$	67,776					$	88,737					$	23,122					$	27,336					$	2,818					$	7,628					$	123					$	28,900					$	246,440
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Commercial and industrial
Pass/Watch			$	26,314					$	38,748					$	24,523					$	8,449					$	4,148					$	33,726					$	—					$	131,304					$	267,212
Special Mention			500						9						—						—						—						1,361						—						6,440						8,310
Substandard			—						—						2,906						—						300						9,469						—						14,694						27,369
Total			$	26,814					$	38,757					$	27,429					$	8,449					$	4,448					$	44,556					$	—					$	152,438					$	302,891
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	(209)					$	(55)					$	—					$	(2)					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	(266)
Small business loans
Pass/Watch			$	35,764					$	26,621					$	37,278					$	11,687					$	6,672					$	920					$	—					$	12,507					$	131,449
Special Mention			—						—						—						909						—						—						—						314						1,223
Substandard			49						1,523						5,090						2,122						—						—						—						886						9,670
Total			$	35,813					$	28,144					$	42,368					$	14,718					$	6,672					$	920					$	—					$	13,707					$	142,342
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	(11)					$	(912)					$	—					$	—					$	(565)					$	(1,488)
Total by risk rating
Pass/Watch			$	236,195					$	314,408					$	242,241					$	145,007					$	69,509					$	170,088					$	634					$	170,210					$	1,348,292
Special Mention			500						9						1,329						5,334						4,852						15,665						667						9,678						38,034
Substandard			249						1,523						8,567						2,122						1,935						12,908						—						15,906						43,210
Total			$	236,944					$	315,940					$	252,137					$	152,463					$	76,296					$	198,661					$	1,301					$	195,794					$	1,429,536
Total year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	(209)					$	(55)					$	—					$	(13)					$	(912)					$	—					$	—					$	(565)					$	(1,754)

The Corporation had no loans with a risk rating of Doubtful included within recorded investment in loans and leases held for investment at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

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In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, allowance allocations for residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their year of origination and performance status at the dates indicated:

			September 30, 2024																																				Revolving Loans						Total
			Term Loans
(dollars in thousands)			2024						2023						2022						2021						2020						Prior
Home equity lines and loans
Performing			$	564					$	335					$	771					$	212					$	335					$	3,417					$	79,640					$	85,274
Nonperforming			—																		91												342						1,260						1,693
Total			$	564					$	335					$	771					$	303					$	335					$	3,759					$	80,900					$	86,967
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	(86)					$	(86)
Residential mortgage (1)
Performing			$	12,624					$	47,201					$	143,220					$	17,481					$	6,150					$	8,382					$	—					$	235,058
Nonperforming			129						247						2,607						763						1,069						3,766						—						8,581
Total			$	12,753					$	47,448					$	145,827					$	18,244					$	7,219					$	12,148					$	—					$	243,639
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Consumer
Performing			$	—					$	38					$	25					$	—					$	—					$	246					$	33					$	342
Nonperforming			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total			$	—					$	38					$	25					$	—					$	—					$	246					$	33					$	342
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	(3)					$	(3)
Leases, net
Performing			$	305					$	17,524					$	40,852					$	20,496					$	5,605					$	—					$	—					$	84,782
Nonperforming			—						232						1,158						383						149						—						—						1,922
Total			$	305					$	17,756					$	42,010					$	20,879					$	5,754					$	—					$	—					$	86,704
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	(713)					$	(2,865)					$	(842)					$	(209)					$	—					$	—					$	(4,629)
Total by Payment Performance
Performing			$	13,493					$	65,098					$	184,868					$	38,189					$	12,090					$	12,045					$	79,673					$	405,456
Nonperforming			129						479						3,765						1,237						1,218						4,108						1,260						12,196
Total			$	13,622					$	65,577					$	188,633					$	39,426					$	13,308					$	16,153					$	80,933					$	417,652
Total year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	(713)					$	(2,865)					$	(842)					$	(209)					$	—					$	(89)					$	(4,718)
(1) Excludes $14.0 million of loans at fair value.

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			December 31, 2023																																				Revolving Loans						Total
			Term Loans
(dollars in thousands)			2023						2022						2021						2020						2019						Prior
Home equity lines and loans
Performing			$	343					$	795					$	314					$	352					$	2,191					$	2,295					$	68,600					$	74,890
Nonperforming			—						—						—						—						—						—						1,397						1,397
Total			$	343					$	795					$	314					$	352					$	2,191					$	2,295					$	69,997					$	76,287
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	(33)					$	—					$	(54)					$	(87)
Residential mortgage (1)
Performing			$	48,576					$	154,219					$	22,237					$	6,260					$	456					$	11,380					$	—					$	243,128
Nonperforming			—						1,350						—						1,043						—						1,357						—						3,750
Total			$	48,576					$	155,569					$	22,237					$	7,303					$	456					$	12,737					$	—					$	246,878
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Consumer
Performing			$	39					$	35					$	—					$	—					$	32					$	234					$	49					$	389
Nonperforming			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total			$	39					$	35					$	—					$	—					$	32					$	234					$	49					$	389
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	(2)					$	(2)
Leases, net
Performing			$	23,054					$	55,940					$	30,876					$	9,718					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	119,588
Nonperforming			263						1,194						368						219						—						—						—						2,044
Total			$	23,317					$	57,134					$	31,244					$	9,937					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	121,632
Year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	(128)					$	(2,165)					$	(1,450)					$	(290)					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	(4,033)
Total by Payment Performance
Performing			$	72,012					$	210,989					$	53,427					$	16,330					$	2,679					$	13,909					$	68,649					$	437,995
Nonperforming			263						2,544						368						1,262						—						1,357						1,397						7,191
Total			$	72,275					$	213,533					$	53,795					$	17,592					$	2,679					$	15,266					$	70,046					$	445,186
Total year-to-date gross charge-offs			$	(128)					$	(2,165)					$	(1,450)					$	(290)					$	(33)					$	—					$	(56)					$	(4,122)

(1) Excludes $13.7 million of fair value loans.

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the ACL on loans and leases, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. However, when principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the ACL on loans and leases. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses.

The following presents, by class of loans, information regarding accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

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			Three Months Ended September 30, 2024																								Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
			Number of Loans						Amortized Cost Basis						% of Total Class of Financing Receivable						Related Reserve						Number of Loans						Amortized Cost Basis						% of Total Class of Financing Receivable						Related Reserve
(dollars in thousands)
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans			2						$	557					0.4		%				$	—					3						$	1,517					1.1		%				$	—
Construction			1						319						0.1		%				—						—						—						—		%				—
Total			3						$	876											$	—					3						$	1,517											$	—
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans			—						$	—					—		%				$	—					2						$	306					0.2		%				$	77
Total			—						$	—											$	—					2						$	306											$	77

			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024																								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
			Number of Loans						Amortized Cost Basis						% of Total Class of Financing Receivable						Related Reserve						Number of Loans						Amortized Cost Basis						% of Total Class of Financing Receivable						Related Reserve
(dollars in thousands)
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans			5						$	1,245					0.8		%				$	—					3						$	1,517					1.1		%				$	—
Construction			1						319						0.1		%				—						—						—						—		%				—
Commercial & industrial			5						2,737						0.8		%				—						1						2,407						0.8		%				—
Total			11						$	4,301											$	—					4						$	3,924											$	—
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans			4						$	2,701					1.7		%				$	942					2						$	306					0.2		%				$	77
Commercial & industrial			4						2,276						0.6		%				—						1						1,406						0.5		%				422
Total			8						$	4,977											$	942					3			3			$	1,712											$	499

The following presents, by class of loans, information regarding accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

Number of Loans

Financial Effect

Number of Loans

Financial Effect

(dollars in thousands)

Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:

Small business loans

2

Extend maturity date

3

Extend maturity date

Construction

1

Extend maturity date

Total

3

3

Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:

Small business loans

—

Extend maturity date and allow additional lender funding

2

Extend term and allow additional lender funding

Total

—

2

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

Number of Loans

Financial Effect

Number of Loans

Financial Effect

(dollars in thousands)

Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:

Small business loans

5

Extend maturity date

3

Extend maturity date

Construction

1

Extend maturity date

—

Commercial & industrial

5

Extend maturity date and allow additional lender funding

1

Extend maturity date

Total

11

4

Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:

Small business loans

4

Extend maturity date

2

Extend term and allow additional lender funding

Commercial & industrial

4

Extend maturity date and allow additional lender funding

1

Extend term and allow additional lender funding

Total

8

3

There were 3 and 5 modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. There were 14 and 7 modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The increase in assistance provided to small business loan customers experiencing financial difficulty is largely due to the elevated interest rate environment as the majority of our small business loans carry a variable interest rate. In accordance with the SBA's SOP 50-57-3 covering loan servicing, we work with such customers to help determine whether temporary payment relief would help to improve their cash flows in the near future.

There were one and two loans that had payment defaults during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and zero during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, that were modified in the 12 months before default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to the borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had modifications during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

(6)    Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

The Corporation’s short-term borrowings generally consist of federal funds purchased and short-term borrowings extended under agreements with the FHLB or other correspondent banks. The Corporation has 5 unsecured borrowing facilities with correspondent banks for up to $56 million in total. Federal funds purchased generally represent one-day borrowings. The Corporation had $0 and $0 in Federal funds purchased at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Corporation also has a facility with the Federal Reserve Bank discount window of $6 million. This facility is fully secured by investment securities and pledged loans. There were no borrowings under this at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Corporation's facility with the Federal Reserve’s BTFP expired in March 2024. The Corporation has a revolving line of credit with ACBB of $5 million that is used to fund operating activities of the Corporation.

The following table presents short-term borrowings at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)			Maturity date						Interest rate						September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
FHLB Open Repo Plus Weekly			06/16/2025						5.18%						$	75,204					$	104,792
FRB BTFP Advances			03/29/2024						4.76%						—						33,000
ACBB Holding Company Revolving LOC			6/25/2025						8.25%						1,500						—
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed			9/30/2024						4.60%						—						3,432
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed			10/25/2024						5.03%						8,097						—
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed			1/27/2025						4.85%						8,000						—
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed			2/24/2025						5.35%						7,813						—
Total Short-Term Borrowings															$	100,614					$	141,224

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The following table presents long-term borrowings at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)			Maturity date						Interest rate						September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed			12/22/2025						4.23%						$	8,935					$	8,935
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed			5/20/2027						4.70%						10,594						—
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed			10/14/2025						5.16%						9,492						9,492
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed			7/14/2026						4.57%						15,245						15,245
Total Long-Term Borrowings															$	44,266					$	33,672

The FHLB has also issued $162.4 million of letters of credit to the Corporation for the benefit of the Corporation’s public deposit funds and loan customers. These letters of credit expire throughout the remainder of 2024.

The Corporation has a maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB of $684.0 million as of September 30, 2024 and $626.8 million as of December 31, 2023. All advances and letters of credit from the FHLB are secured by a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.

(7)    Servicing Assets

The Corporation sells certain residential mortgage loans and the guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans to third parties and retains servicing rights and receives servicing fees. All such transfers are accounted for as sales. When the Corporation sells a residential mortgage loan, it does not retain any portion of that loan and its continuing involvement in such transfers is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. While the Corporation may retain a portion of certain sold SBA loans, its continuing involvement in the portion of the loan that was sold is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. When the contractual servicing fees on loans sold with servicing retained are expected to be more than adequate compensation to a servicer for performing the servicing, a capitalized servicing asset is recognized.

Residential Mortgage Loans

The related MSR asset is amortized over the period of the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets. MSRs are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the MSR. The Corporation serviced $905.0 million and $945.2 million of residential mortgage loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Corporation recognized servicing fee income of $572 thousand and $1.7 million, respectively, compared to $612 thousand and $1.9 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Changes in the MSR balance are summarized as follows:

			Three months ended September 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)			2024						2023						2024						2023
Balance at beginning of the period			$	8,026					$	9,238					$	8,621					$	9,942
Servicing rights capitalized			48						9						80						9
Amortization of servicing rights			(292)						(319)						(919)						(1,025)
Change in valuation allowance - recovery			—						—						—						2
Balance at end of the period			$	7,782					$	8,928					$	7,782					$	8,928

Of the total MSR balance of $7.8 million as of September 30, 2024 presented above, $6.6 million is classified as servicing assets held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet as of that date.

The Corporation uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of MSRs. These assumptions include prepayment speeds and discount rates. The assumptions used in the valuation were based on input from buyers, brokers and other qualified personnel, as well as market knowledge. At September 30, 2024, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s MSRs included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 11.68% and a discount rate equal to 9.50%. At December 31, 2023, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s MSRs included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 8.57% and a discount rate equal to 9.50%. Due in part to market volatility as interest rates increased, the prepayment speed assumption has decreased from December 31, 2023 to September 30, 2024.

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The sensitivity of the current fair value of the residential mortgage servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.

(dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Fair value of residential mortgage servicing rights			$	10,315					$	11,221
Weighted average life (months)			43						28
Prepayment speed			11.68		%				8.57		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change			$	(446)					$	(506)
20% adverse change			(859)						(973)
Discount rate			9.50		%				9.50		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change			$	(1,009)					$	(415)
20% adverse change			(1,369)						(799)

The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. As indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of an adverse variation in a articular assumption on the fair value of the MSRs is calculated without changing any other assumption; while in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.

Residential Mortgage Loan MSR Sale

On October 31, 2024 the Corporation sold approximately $6.6 million of residential mortgage loan servicing rights associated with $777.2 million of its $905.0 million in serviced loans. The Corporation received $9.6 million in cash on the date of the sale, will receive approximately $534 thousand by January 2, 2025, and will receive a final payment of approximately $534 thousand up to one year from the date of the sale, or after all transfer conditions have been satisfied. The MSRs sold were classified as servicing assets held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024.

SBA Loans

SBA loan servicing assets are amortized over the period of the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets. SBA loan servicing assets are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the SBA loan servicing asset. The Corporation serviced $239.3 million and $225.8 million of SBA loans, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Changes in the SBA loan servicing asset balance are summarized as follows:

			Three months ended September 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)			2024						2023						2024						2023
Balance at beginning of the period			$	3,315					$	2,955					$	3,127					$	2,404
Servicing rights capitalized			208						373						661						1,099
Amortization of servicing rights			(325)						(243)						(785)						(690)
Change in valuation allowance			(7)						(178)						188						94
Balance at end of the period			$	3,191					$	2,907					$	3,191					$	2,907

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Activity in the valuation allowance for SBA loan servicing assets was as follows:

			Three months ended September 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)			2024						2023						2024						2023
Valuation allowance, beginning of period			$	(73)					$	(92)					$	(268)					$	(364)
Impairment			(7)						(178)						(7)						(178)
Recovery			—						—						195						272
Valuation allowance, end of period			$	(80)					$	(270)					$	(80)					$	(270)

The Corporation uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of SBA loan servicing rights. These assumptions include prepayment speeds, discount rates, and other assumptions. The assumptions used in the valuation were based on input from buyers, brokers and other qualified personnel, as well as market knowledge. At September 30, 2024, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s SBA loan servicing rights included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 16.94% and a discount rate equal to 13.04%. At December 31, 2023, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s SBA loan servicing rights included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 14.70% and a discount rate equal to 14.66%.

The sensitivity of the current fair value of the SBA loan servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.

(dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Fair value of SBA loan servicing rights			$	3,575					$	3,376
Weighted average life (years)			3.2						3.5
Prepayment speed			16.94		%				14.70		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change			$	(159)					$	(125)
20% adverse change			(305)						(241)
Discount rate			13.04		%				14.66		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change			$	(79)					$	(74)
20% adverse change			(156)						(145)

The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. As indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of an adverse variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the SBA servicing rights is calculated without changing any other assumption; while in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.

(8)    Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

The Corporation uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Corporation’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation techniques or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

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In accordance with this guidance, the Corporation groups its financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.

Level 1 – Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 – Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 – Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Securities

The fair value of securities available-for-sale (carried at fair value) and held to maturity (carried at amortized cost) are determined by matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

The fair value of loans held for sale is based on secondary market prices.

Mortgage Loans Held for Investment

The fair value of mortgage loans held for investment is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair values of forward commitments and interest rate swaps are based on market pricing and therefore are considered Level 2. Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock commitments related to mortgage loan commitments. The determination of fair value includes assumptions related to the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan, which is a significant unobservable assumption. A significant increase or decrease in the external market price would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

The following table presents the fair value of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy at the dates indicated:

			September 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Total						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
Assets
Securities available for sale:
U.S. asset backed securities			$	30,871					$	—					$	30,871					$	—
U.S. government agency MBS			21,972						—						21,972						—
U.S. government agency CMO			34,564						—						34,564						—
State and municipal securities			37,520						—						37,520						—
U.S. Treasuries			19,202						19,202						—						—
Non-U.S. government agency CMO			12,596						—						12,596
Corporate bonds			14,843						—						14,843						—
Equity investments			2,166						—						2,166						—
Mortgage loans held for sale			46,602						—						46,602						—
Mortgage loans held for investment			13,965						—						13,965						—
Interest rate lock commitments			419						—						—						419
Forward commitments			15						—						15						—
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps			2,775						—						2,775						—
Fair Value Hedge			7						—						7						—
Total			$	237,517					$	19,202					$	217,896					$	419

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			September 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Total						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
Liabilities
Interest rate lock commitments			$	50					$	—					$	—					$	50
Forward commitments			9						—						9						—
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps			2,796						—						2,796						—
Risk Participation Agreements			78						—						78						—
Interest rate swaps			885						—						885						—
Total			$	3,818					$	—					$	3,768					$	50

			December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)			Total						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
Assets
Securities available for sale:
U.S. asset backed securities			$	16,824					$	—					$	16,824					$	—
U.S. government agency MBS			22,634						—						22,634						—
U.S. government agency CMO			19,573						—						19,573						—
State and municipal securities			36,216						—						36,216						—
U.S. Treasuries			30,422						30,422						—						—
Non-U.S. government agency CMO			13,155						—						13,155						—
Corporate bonds			7,195						—						7,195						—
Equity investments			2,121						—						2,121						—
Mortgage loans held for sale			24,816						—						24,816						—
Mortgage loans held for investment			13,726						—						13,726						—
Interest rate lock commitments			214						—						—						214
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps			3,528						—						3,528						—
Total			$	190,424					$	30,422					$	159,788					$	214
Liabilities
Interest rate lock commitments			$	17					$	—					$	—					$	17
Forward commitments			41						—						41						—
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps			3,544						—						3,544						—
Risk Participation Agreements			11						—						11						—
Total			$	3,613					$	—					$	3,596					$	17

The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Mortgage servicing rights			$	7,782					$	8,621
SBA loan servicing rights			3,191						3,127
Individually evaluated loans (1)
Commercial and industrial			11,059						9,818
Small business loans			4,743						3,134
Total			$	26,775					$	24,700

(1) Individually evaluated loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. The increase in individually evaluated commercial and industrial loans noted above was due to reassessing how we evaluate the impairment on a loan relationship to now be based on the fair value of collateral.

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The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 individually evaluated loans.

(dollars in thousands)

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Significant Unobservable Input

Range of Inputs

September 30, 2024

$

15,802

Appraisal of collateral

Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity

2%-33% discount

December 31, 2023

12,952

Appraisal of collateral

Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity

2%-33% discount

Below is management’s estimate of the fair value of all financial instruments, whether carried at cost or fair value on the Corporation’s balance sheet. The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Corporation since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Corporation’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the Corporation’s financial instruments:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and short-term instruments approximate those assets’ fair values.

Loans Receivable

The fair value of loans receivable is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the loans. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. The fair value below is reflective of an exit price.

Servicing Assets

The Corporation estimates the fair value of mortgage servicing rights and SBA loan servicing rights using discounted cash flow models that calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model uses readily available prepayment speed assumptions for the interest rates of the portfolios serviced. These servicing rights are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy based upon management’s assessment of the inputs. The Corporation reviews the servicing rights portfolios on a quarterly basis for impairment.

Individually Evaluated Loans

Individually evaluated loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. Individually evaluated loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the ACL policy.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximates its fair value.

Deposit Liabilities

The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest checking, passbook savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered in the market on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

Short-Term Borrowings

The carrying amounts of short-term borrowings approximate their fair values.

Long-Term Debt

Fair values of FHLB advances and the acquisition purchase note payable are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on quoted prices for new FHLB advances with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity. These prices obtained from this active market represent a market value that is deemed to represent the transfer price if the liability were assumed by a third party.

Subordinated Debt

Fair values of junior subordinated debt are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on market rates currently offered on such debt with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity.

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

Off-balance sheet instruments are primarily comprised of loan commitments, which are generally priced at market at the time of funding. Fees on commitments to extend credit and stand-by letters of credit are deemed to be immaterial and these instruments are expected

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to be settled at face value or expire unused. It is impractical to assign any fair value to these instruments and as a result they are not included in the table below. Fair values assigned to the notional value of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts are based on market quotes.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair value of forward commitments and interest rate swaps is based on market pricing and therefore are considered Level 2. Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock commitments related to mortgage loan commitments. The determination of fair value includes assumptions related to the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan, which is a significant unobservable assumption. A significant increase or decrease in the external market price would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

The following table presents the estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments at the dates indicated:

			Fair Value Hierarchy Level						September 30, 2024												December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)									Carrying amount						Fair value						Carrying amount						Fair value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			Level 1						$	32,347					$	32,347					$	56,697					$	56,697
Mortgage loans held for sale			Level 2						46,602						46,602						24,816						24,816
Loans receivable, net of the allowance for credit losses			Level 3						1,994,431						1,949,333						1,882,080						1,832,558
Mortgage loans held for investment			Level 2						13,965						13,965						13,726						13,726
Financial liabilities:
Deposits			Level 2						$	1,978,927					$	2,019,200					$	1,823,462					$	1,834,700
Borrowings			Level 2						144,880						158,600						174,896						176,400
Subordinated debentures			Level 2						49,928						49,831						49,836						50,223

The following table includes a rollforward of interest rate lock commitments for which the Corporation utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated.

			Three months ended September 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)			2024						2023						2024						2023
Balance at beginning of the period			$	451					$	261					$	214					$	87
Increase in value			(32)						(32)						205						142
Balance at end of the period			$	419					$	229					$	419					$	229

The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 interest rate lock commitments.

(dollars in thousands)

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Significant Unobservable Input

Range of Inputs

Weighted Average

September 30, 2024

$

419

Market comparable pricing

Pull through

1 - 99%

83.07%

December 31, 2023

214

Market comparable pricing

Pull through

1 - 99%

79.48

(9)    Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Corporation is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Corporation principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Corporation manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Corporation’s loan portfolio.

Interest Rate Swaps

The Corporation uses interest rate swap agreements to modify interest rate characteristics from variable to fixed or fixed to variable in order to reduce the impact of interest rate changes on future net interest income. The Corporation’s credit exposure on interest rate swaps includes changes in fair value and any collateral that is held by a third party.

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In June 2023 the Corporation entered into three interest rate swaps classified as cash flow hedges with notional amounts of $25 million each, to hedge the interest payments received on short term borrowings. Under the terms of the three swap agreements, the Corporation pays average fixed rates of 4.070%, 4.027% and 4.117%, and receives variable rates in return indexed to SOFR. The swaps mature between May, June, and December 2026. The Corporation performed an assessment of the hedge for effectiveness at the inception of the hedge and performs an assessment on a recurring basis and determined that the derivative currently is and is expected to be highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, approximately $1.2 million and $264 thousand respectively, net of tax, is recorded in total comprehensive income as unrealized losses. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, approximately $497 thousand and $825 thousand respectively, net of tax, is recorded in total comprehensive income as unrealized gains. These amounts could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations and the addition of other hedges subsequent to September 30, 2024. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the combined notional amount of the interest rate swaps was $75 million and $75 million, respectively, and the fair value was a liability of $885 thousand and $539 thousand, respectively.

In August 2024 the Corporation entered into an interest rate swap classified as a fair value hedge with a notional amount of $40 million, to hedge the interest payments received on a pool of residential mortgage loans held in portfolio. Under the terms of the swap agreement, the Corporation pays an average fixed rate of 3.60% and receives a variable rate in return indexed to SOFR. The swap matures August 2027. The Corporation performed an assessment of the hedge for effectiveness at the inception of the hedge and performs an assessment on a recurring basis and determined that the derivative currently is and is expected to be highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value of the hedged item. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, approximately $7 thousand and $7 thousand respectively, net of tax, is recorded as a fair values adjustment. These amounts could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations and the addition of other hedges subsequent to September 30, 2024.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

In connection with its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation enters into commitments to originate certain fixed rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, the Corporation may enter into forward commitments for the future sales or purchases of mortgage-backed securities to or from third-party counterparties to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale. Forward sales commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans or interest rate locks at a fixed price at a future date. The amount necessary to settle each interest rate lock is based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured. Interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments are recorded within other assets/liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair values during the period recorded within net change in the fair value of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income.

Customer Derivatives

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Corporation provides to certain customers to swap a fixed rate product for a variable rate product, or vice versa. The Corporation executes interest rate derivatives with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate derivatives are simultaneously hedged by offsetting derivatives that the Corporation executes with a third party, such that the Corporation minimizes its net interest rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.

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The following table presents a summary of notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments at the dates indicated:

									September 30, 2024												December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)			Balance Sheet Line Item						Notional Amount						Asset (Liability) Fair Value						Notional Amount						Asset (Liability) Fair Value
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Positive fair values			Other assets						$	64,979					$	419					$	33,735					$	214
Negative fair values			Other liabilities						8,976						(50)						5,399						(17)
Total									$	73,955					$	369					$	39,134					$	197
Forward Commitments
Positive fair values			Other assets						$	6,750					$	15					$	—					$	—
Negative fair values			Other liabilities						4,250						(9)						4,250						(41)
Total									$	11,000					$	6					$	4,250					$	(41)
Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps
Positive fair values			Other assets						$	49,143					$	2,775					$	50,593					$	3,528
Negative fair values			Other liabilities						49,143						(2,796)						50,593						(3,544)
Total									$	98,286					$	(21)					$	101,186					$	(16)
Customer Derivatives - Risk Participation Agreements
Positive fair values			Other assets						$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Negative fair values			Other liabilities						7,413						(78)						7,082						(11)
Total									$	7,413					$	(78)					$	7,082					$	(11)
Fair Value Hedge
Positive fair values			Other assets						$	40,000					$	7					$	—					$	—
Negative fair values			Other liabilities						—						—						—						—
Total									$	40,000					$	7					$	—					$	—
Interest Rate Swaps
Positive fair values			Other assets						$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Negative fair values			Other liabilities						75,000						(885)						75,000						(539)
Total									$	75,000					$	(885)					$	75,000					$	(539)
Total derivative financial instruments									$	305,654					$	(602)					$	226,652					$	(410)

Interest rate lock commitments are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, while the forward commitments and interest rate swaps are considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

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The following table presents a summary of the fair value gains and (losses) on derivative financial instruments:

			Three months ended September 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)			2024						2023						2024						2023
Interest Rate Lock Commitments			$	(30)					$	29					$	172					$	138
Forward Commitments			4						37						47						50
Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps			(30)						33						(5)						19
Customer Derivatives - Risk Participation Agreements			(46)						6						(38)						11
Fair Value Hedge			7						—						7						—
Interest Rate Swaps			(1,498)						588						(346)						1,023
Net fair value gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments			$	(1,593)					$	693					$	(162)					$	1,241

Net realized losses on derivative hedging activities were $197 thousand and $279 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and net realized gains of $82 thousand and $81 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and are included in non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.

(10)    Segments

ASC Topic 280 – Segment Reporting identifies operating segments as components of an enterprise which are evaluated regularly by the Corporation’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, our Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Corporation has applied the aggregation criterion set forth in this codification to the results of its operations.

Our Banking segment (“Bank”) consists of commercial and retail banking. The Banking segment generates interest income from its lending and investing activities and is dependent on the gathering of lower cost deposits from its branch network or borrowed funds from other sources for funding its loans, resulting in the generation of net interest income. The Banking segment also derives revenues from other sources including gains on the sale of available for sale investment securities, service charges on deposit accounts, cash sweep fees, overdraft fees, BOLI income, title insurance fees, and other less significant non-interest income.

Meridian Wealth (“Wealth”), a registered investment advisor and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, provides a comprehensive array of wealth management services and products and the trusted guidance to help its clients and our banking customers prepare for the future. The unit generates non-interest income through advisory fees.

Meridian’s mortgage banking segment (“Mortgage”) consists of 8 loan production offices throughout suburban Philadelphia and Maryland. The Mortgage segment originates 1 – 4 family residential mortgages and sells nearly all of its production to third party investors. The unit generates net interest income on the loans it originates and holds temporarily, then earns fee income (primarily gain on sales) at the time of the sale. The unit also recognizes income from document preparation fees, changes in portfolio pipeline fair values and net hedging gains (losses), if any.

The table below summarizes income and expenses, directly attributable to each business line, which have been included in the statement of operations. Total assets for each segment is also provided.

			Segment Information
			Three Months Ended September 30, 2024																								Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)			Bank						Wealth						Mortgage						Total						Bank						Wealth						Mortgage						Total
Net interest income			$	18,151					$	46					$	45					$	18,242					$	17,205					$	(15)					$	34					$	17,224
Provision for credit losses			2,282						—						—						2,282						82						—						—						82
Net interest income after provision			15,869						46						45						15,960						17,123						(15)						34						17,142
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income			(7)						—						6,481						6,474						80						—						4,739						4,819
Wealth management income			—						1,447						—						1,447						—						1,258						—						1,258
SBA loan income			544						—						—						544						982						—						—						982
Net change in fair values			(76)						—						1,108						1,032						38						—						(394)						(356)
Net loss on hedging activity			—						—						(197)						(197)						—						—						82						82
Other			897						—						634						1,531						658						—						643						1,301
Non-interest income			1,358						1,447						8,026						10,831						1,758						1,258						5,070						8,086
Non-interest expense			13,287						840						6,419						20,546						12,564						826						6,628						20,018
Income (loss) before income taxes			$	3,940					$	653					$	1,652					$	6,245					$	6,317					$	417					$	(1,524)					$	5,210
Total Assets			$	2,319,072					$	10,543					$	58,106					$	2,387,721					$	2,177,145					$	8,833					$	44,993					$	2,230,971

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			Segment Information
			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024																								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)			Bank						Wealth						Mortgage						Total						Bank						Wealth						Mortgage						Total
Net interest income			$	51,528					$	76					$	93					$	51,697					$	51,928					$	(12)					$	85					$	52,001
Provision for credit losses			7,828						—						—						7,828						2,186						—						—						2,186
Net interest income after provision			43,700						76						93						43,869						49,742						(12)						85						49,815
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income			147						—						15,381						15,528						221						—						12,922						13,143
Wealth management income			1						4,207						—						4,208						—						3,689						—						3,689
SBA loan income			2,315						—						—						2,315						3,463						—						—						3,463
Net change in fair values			(42)						—						1,122						1,080						30						—						(574)						(544)
Net loss on hedging activity			—						—						(279)						(279)						—						—						81						81
Other			2,487						—						2,720						5,207						1,982						—						2,034						4,016
Non-interest income			4,908						4,207						18,944						28,059						5,696						3,689						14,463						23,848
Non-interest expense			37,962						2,479						17,297						57,738						35,608						2,704						19,110						57,422
Income (loss) before income taxes			$	10,646					$	1,804					$	1,740					$	14,190					$	19,830					$	973					$	(4,562)					$	16,241
Total Assets			$	2,319,072					$	10,543					$	58,106					$	2,387,721					$	2,177,145					$	8,833					$	44,993					$	2,230,971

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the discussion under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in Meridian Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.

Forward-Looking Statements

Meridian Corporation may from time to time make written or oral “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to Meridian Corporation’s strategies, goals, beliefs, expectations, estimates, intentions, capital raising efforts, financial condition and results of operations, future performance and business. Statements preceded by, followed by, or that include the words “may,” “could,” “should,” “pro forma,” “looking forward,” “would,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” or similar expressions generally indicate a forward-looking statement. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various important factors (some of which, in whole or in part, are beyond Meridian Corporation’s control). Numerous competitive, economic, regulatory, legal and technological factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially include, without limitation: credit losses and the credit risk of our commercial and consumer loan products; changes in the level of charge-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, or ACL; cyber-security concerns; rapid technological developments and changes; increased competitive pressures; changes in spreads on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; changes in general economic conditions and conditions within the securities markets; unanticipated changes in our liquidity position; unanticipated changes in regulatory and governmental policies impacting interest rates and financial markets; legislation affecting the financial services industry as a whole, and Meridian Corporation, in particular; changes in accounting policies, practices or guidance; developments affecting the industry and the soundness of financial institutions and further disruption to the economy and U.S. banking system; among others, could cause Meridian Corporation’s financial performance to differ materially from the goals, plans, objectives, intentions and expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements.

Meridian Corporation cautions that the foregoing factors are not exclusive, and neither such factors nor any such forward-looking statement takes into account the impact of any future events. All forward-looking statements and information set forth herein are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions as of the date hereof and speak only as of the date they are made. For a more complete discussion of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties related to our business, you are encouraged to review Meridian Corporation’s filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that update or provide information in addition to the information included in the Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any. Meridian Corporation does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by Meridian Corporation or by or on behalf of Meridian Bank.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies are described in detail in the "Critical Accounting Policies" section within Item 7 of our 2023 Annual Form 10-K. The SEC defines "critical accounting policies" as those that require application of management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in future periods. See Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for additional information on the adoption of ASC 326, which changes the methodology under which management calculates its reserve for loans and leases, now referred to as the

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allowance for credit losses. Management considers the measurement of the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting policy.

Executive Overview

The following items highlight the Corporation’s changes in its financial condition as of September 30, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023 and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023. More detailed information related to these highlights can be found in the sections that follow.

Changes in Financial Condition - September 30, 2024 Compared to December 31, 2023

•Total assets increased $141.5 million, or 6.3%, to $2.4 billion as of September 30, 2024.

•Portfolio loans increased $115.0 million, or 6.1%, to $2.0 billion as of September 30, 2024.

•Mortgage loans held for sale increased $21.8 million, or 87.8%, to $46.6 million as of September 30, 2024.

•Total deposits increased $155.5 million or 8.5% to $2.0 billion as of September 30, 2024.

•Non-interest bearing deposits decreased $2.1 million, or 0.9%, to $237.2 million as of September 30, 2024.

•The Corporation returned $4.2 million of capital to Meridian shareholders during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 through a $0.125 dividend per share per quarter, totaling a $0.375 year to date dividend per share.

Three Month Results of Operations - September 30, 2024 Compared to the Same Period in 2023

•Net income was $4.7 million, or $0.42 per diluted share, up $738 thousand, or 18.4%, driven by increases in net interest income and non-interest income.

•The return on average assets and return on average equity were 0.80% and 11.41%, respectively, for the third quarter 2024, compared to 0.73% and 10.17%, respectively, for the third quarter 2023.

•Net interest margin decreased to 3.20% from 3.29% due to the impact of deposit and borrowing costs outpacing the repricing of interest earnings assets, mainly loans.

•The overall provision for credit losses increased $2.2 million when comparing the third quarter 2024 to the third quarter 2023. The provision increase was largely due to the impact of charge-offs, an increase in non-performing loans, combined with providing for loan growth over this period.

•Non-interest income increased $2.7 million, or 33.9%, to $10.8 million driven by a $1.7 million increase in mortgage banking income, an overall $1.1 million positive impact of fair value changes related to mortgage banking activities, $189 thousand of an increase in wealth management fee income, and an increase of $263 thousand in other income, partially offset by a $438 thousand decrease in SBA loan income.

•Non-interest expense increased $528 thousand, or 2.6%, to $20.5 million due to a $409 thousand increase in salaries and employee benefits, and an increase of $393 thousand in other non-interest expense, partially offset by decreases of $131 thousand and $99 thousand, in advertising and promotion, and data processing and software expense, respectively.

Nine Month Results of Operations - September 30, 2024 Compared to the Same Period in 2023

•Net income was $10.7 million, or $0.96 per diluted share, down $1.9 million, or 15.2%, driven by an increase in interest expense and the provision for credit losses, partially offset by increases in interest income and non-interest income.

•The return on average assets and return on average equity were 0.62% and 8.84%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 0.79% and 10.96%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023

•Net interest margin decreased to 3.12% from 3.40% due to the impact of deposit and borrowing costs outpacing the repricing of interest earnings assets, mainly loans.

•The overall provision for credit losses increased $5.6 million when comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to September 30, 2023. As noted above in the quarterly analysis, the provision increase was largely due to the impact of charge-offs, an increase in non-performing loans, combined with providing for loan growth over this period.

•Non-interest income increased $4.2 million, or 17.7%, to $28.1 million driven by a $2.4 million increase in mortgage banking income, an overall $1.3 million positive impact of fair value changes related to mortgage banking activities, a $519 thousand increase in wealth management fee income, and an increase of $1.2 million in other income, partially offset by a $1.1 million decrease in SBA loan income.

•Non-interest expense increased $316 thousand, or 0.6%, to $57.7 million due to an increase of $703 thousand in professional fees, an increase of $835 thousand in other expense, partially offset by a decrease of $794 thousand in salaries and employee benefits and, a $345 thousand decrease in advertising and promotions expense.

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Key Performance Ratios

The following table presents key financial performance ratios for the periods indicated:

			Three months ended September 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
Return on average assets, annualized			0.80		%				0.73		%				0.62		%				0.79		%
Return on average equity, annualized			11.41		%				10.17		%				8.84		%				10.96		%
Net interest margin (tax effected yield)			3.20		%				3.29		%				3.12		%				3.40		%
Basic earnings per share			$	0.43					$	0.36					$	0.97					$	1.14
Diluted earnings per share			$	0.42					$	0.35					$	0.96					$	1.11

The following table presents certain key period-end balances and ratios at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Book value per common share			$	14.91					$	14.13
Tangible book value per common share (1)			$	14.58					$	13.78
Allowance as a percentage of loans and other finance receivables			1.09		%				1.17		%
Allowance as a percentage of loans and other finance receivables (excl. loans at fair value) (1)			1.10		%				1.17		%
Tier I capital to risk weighted assets			7.89		%				7.90		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio (1)			6.87		%				6.87		%
Loans and other finance receivables, net of fees and costs			$	2,008,396					$	1,895,806
Total assets			$	2,387,721					$	2,246,193
Total stockholders’ equity			$	167,450					$	158,022

(1) Non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for Non-GAAP to GAAP reconciliation.

Components of Net Income

Net income is comprised of five major elements:

•Net Interest Income, or the difference between the interest income earned on loans, leases and investments and the interest expense paid on deposits and borrowed funds;

•Provision For Credit Losses, or the amount added to the Allowance to provide for current expected credit losses on portfolio loans and leases;

•Non-interest Income, which is made up primarily of mortgage banking income, wealth management income, SBA loan sale income, fair value adjustments, gains and losses from the sale of loans, gains and losses from the sale of investment securities available for sale and other fees from loan and deposit services;

•Non-interest Expense, which consists primarily of salaries and employee benefits, occupancy, professional fees, advertising & promotion, data processing, information technology, loan expenses, and other operating expenses; and

•Income Taxes, which include state and federal jurisdictions.

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NET INTEREST INCOME

Net interest income is an integral source of the Corporation’s revenue. The tables below present a summary for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, of the Corporation’s average balances and yields earned on its interest-earning assets and the rates paid on its interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin is the net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. The net interest spread is the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The difference between the net interest margin and the net interest spread is the result of net free funding sources such as non-interest bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity.

Analyses of Interest Rates and Interest Differential

The table below present the major asset and liability categories on an average daily balance basis for the periods presented, along with interest income, interest expense and key rates and yields on a tax equivalent basis.

			For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)			2024																		2023
			Average Balance						Interest Income/ Expense						Yields/ Rates						Average Balance						Interest Income/ Expense						Yields/ Rates
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	30,519					$	416					5.43		%				$	17,400					$	245					5.58		%
Investment securities - taxable			145,845						1,480						4.04						106,369						901						3.36
Investment securities - tax exempt (1)			56,408						397						2.80						58,196						410						2.80
Loans held for sale			47,177						766						6.46						27,718						456						6.53
Loans held for investment (1)			1,997,574						37,339						7.44						1,876,648						33,526						7.09
Total loans			2,044,751						38,105						7.41						1,904,366						33,982						7.08
Total interest-earning assets			2,277,523						40,398						7.06		%				2,086,331						35,538						6.76		%
Noninterest earning assets			95,738																		98,054
Total assets			$	2,373,261																	$	2,184,385
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Interest-bearing demand deposits			$	132,257					$	1,390					4.18		%				$	160,886					$	1,488					3.67		%
Money market and savings deposits			800,406						8,391						4.17						719,123						6,755						3.73
Time deposits			781,172						9,532						4.85						648,646						7,300						4.46
Total interest - bearing deposits			1,713,835						19,313						4.48						1,528,655						15,543						4.03
Borrowings			160,063						1,985						4.93						167,889						2,086						4.93
Subordinated debentures			49,908						779						6.21						41,311						606						5.82
Total interest-bearing liabilities			1,923,806						22,077						4.57						1,737,855						18,235						4.16
Noninterest-bearing deposits			246,310																		253,485
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities			37,836																		36,774
Total liabilities			2,207,952																		2,028,114
Total stockholders' equity			165,309																		156,271
Total stockholders' equity and liabilities			$	2,373,261																	$	2,184,385
Net interest income and spread (1)									$	18,321					2.49												$	17,303					2.60
Net interest margin (1)															3.20		%																3.29		%

(1)Yields and net interest income are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.

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			For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)			2024																		2023
			Average Balance						Interest Income/ Expense						Yields/ Rates						Average Balance						Interest Income/ Expense						Yields/ Rates
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	25,712					$	1,047					5.44		%				$	19,514					$	741					5.08		%
Investment securities - taxable			136,275						4,055						3.97						111,884						2,853						3.41
Investment securities - tax exempt (1)			57,007						1,204						2.82						60,042						1,266						2.82
Loans held for sale			33,914						1,661						6.54						23,459						1,080						6.16
Loans held for investment (1)			1,971,595						108,274						7.34						1,836,244						94,538						6.88
Total loans			2,005,509						109,935						7.32						1,859,703						95,618						6.87
Total interest-earning assets			2,224,503						116,241						6.98		%				2,051,143						100,478						6.55		%
Noninterest earning assets			96,228																		95,740
Total assets			$	2,320,731																	$	2,146,883
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Interest-bearing demand deposits			$	134,814					$	4,036					4.00		%				$	198,599					$	5,184					3.49		%
Money market and savings deposits			786,345						24,512						4.16						673,540						16,603						3.30
Time deposits			744,025						27,148						4.87						628,419						19,226						4.09
Total interest - bearing deposits			1,665,184						55,696						4.47						1,500,558						41,013						3.65
Borrowings			169,265						6,271						4.95						143,955						5,450						5.06
Subordinated debentures			49,877						2,335						6.25						40,662						1,779						5.85
Total interest-bearing liabilities			1,884,326						64,302						4.56						1,685,175						48,242						3.83
Noninterest-bearing deposits			236,239																		271,909
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities			37,739																		35,234
Total liabilities			2,158,304																		1,992,318
Total stockholders' equity			162,427																		154,565
Total stockholders' equity and liabilities			$	2,320,731																	$	2,146,883
Net interest income and spread (1)									$	51,939					2.42												$	52,236					2.72
Net interest margin (1)															3.12		%																3.40		%

(1)Yields and net interest income are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.

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Rate / Volume Analysis

The rate/volume analysis table below analyzes dollar changes in the components of interest income and interest expense as they relate to the change in balances (volume) and the change in interest rates (rate) of tax-equivalent net interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023, allocated by rate and volume. Changes in interest income and/or expense attributable to both rate and volume have been allocated proportionately based on the relationship of the absolute dollar amount of the change in each category.

			Three Months Ended September 30,																		Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2024 Compared to 2023
(dollars in thousands)			Rate						Volume						Total						Rate						Volume						Total
Interest income:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	(8)					$	180					$	172					$	57					$	253					$	310
Federal funds sold			(1)						—						(1)						—						(4)						(4)
Investment securities - taxable			201						378						579						521						681						1,202
Investment securities - tax exempt (1)			—						(13)						(13)						2						(64)						(62)
Loans held for sale			(6)						316						310						73						508						581
Loans held for investment (1)			1,594						2,219						3,813						6,524						7,212						13,736
Total loans			1,588						2,535						4,123						6,597						7,720						14,317
Total interest income			$	1,780					$	3,080					$	4,860					$	7,177					$	8,586					$	15,763
Interest expense:
Interest-bearing demand deposits			$	187					$	(285)					$	(98)					$	685					$	(1,833)					$	(1,148)
Money market and savings deposits			829						807						1,636						4,843						3,066						7,909
Time deposits			652						1,580						2,232						4,052						3,870						7,922
Total interest - bearing deposits			1,668						2,102						3,770						9,580						5,103						14,683
Borrowings			(4)						(97)						(101)						(119)						940						821
Subordinated debentures			41						132						173						131						425						556
Total interest expense			$	1,705					$	2,137					$	3,842					$	9,592					$	6,468					$	16,060
Interest differential			$	75					$	943					$	1,018					$	(2,415)					$	2,118					$	(297)

(1)Yields and net interest income are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Same Period in 2023

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, tax-equivalent interest income increased $4.9 million as favorable rate and volume changes contributed $1.8 million, and $3.1 million, respectively, to interest income. The favorable change in rates led to increased yields on taxable investment securities (up 68 basis points) and loans held for investment (up 35 basis points) that favorably impacted interest income by $1.6 million, overall. The loans held for investment average balances increased $120.9 million, leading to a favorable volume impact on interest income of $2.2 million, while the increase in loans held for sale average balances of $19.5 million had an small but favorable impact to interest income of $316 thousand. Growth in the loans held for investment portfolio was led by average balance increases in commercial real estate ($138.6 million), commercial loans ($40.8 million), residential real estate ($5.0 million), and home equity loans ($14.3 million).

On the funding side, overall interest expense increased $3.8 million, largely driven by the continued impact that the Fed's prior period rate hikes have had on the cost of deposits and borrowings, while Fed's rate decrease announced late in the third quarter has not yet taken full effect. The cost of deposits was up across the board, leading to a $3.8 million increase to interest expense. The cost of interest-bearing demand deposits, money market and savings accounts and time deposits increased 51, 44, and 39 basis points, respectively, while the cost of borrowings did not change. Money market/savings accounts were the largest drivers of the interest expense increase due to volume as average balances on such accounts increased $81.3 million, while time deposit average balances increased $132.5 million, and the average balances on interest-bearing demand deposits decreased $28.6 million, while borrowings decreased $7.8 million on average.

Overall, the $1.0 million increase in net interest income over this period was attributable largely to volume changes as favorable rate changes in interest-earning assets were nearly offset by rate changes on interest-bearing liabilities.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Same Period in 2023

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, tax-equivalent interest income increased $15.8 million as favorable rate and volume changes contributed $7.2 million, and $8.6 million, respectively, to interest income. The favorable change in rates led to increased yields on loans held for sale (up 38 basis points) and loans held for investment (up 46 basis points) that favorably impact interest income by $6.6 million, overall. The loans held for investment average balances increased $135.4 million, leading to a favorable volume impact on interest income of $7.2 million, while the increase in loans held for sale average balances of $10.5 million had a favorable impact to interest income of $508 thousand. Growth in the loans held for investment portfolio was led by average balance increases in commercial real estate ($153.0 million), commercial loans ($23.4 million), residential real estate ($17.3 million), and home equity loans ($15.4 million).

On the funding side, overall interest expense increased $16.1 million. The cost of deposits were up across the board, leading to a $14.7 million increase to interest expense. The cost of interest-bearing demand deposits, money market and savings accounts and time deposits increased 51 basis points, 86 basis points and 78 basis points, respectively, while the cost of borrowings decreased by 11 basis points. Money market/savings accounts were the largest drivers of the interest expense increase due to volume as average balances on such accounts increased $112.8 million, while time deposit average balances increased $115.6 million, and the average balances on interest-bearing demand deposits decreased $63.8 million, while borrowings increased $25.3 million on average.

Overall, the $297 thousand decrease in net interest income over this period was driven by rate changes as the cost of interest bearing liabilities outpaced the increase in the yield on interest earning assets.

.

PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Same Periods in 2023

The total provision for credit losses increased $2.2 million on a net basis for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The provision on funded loans increased $1.6 million over the three month comparable period in 2023 driven by provisioning for loan growth and charge-offs, as well as an increase in specific reserves, mainly on small business loans and existing non-accrual loans. The provision on unfunded loan commitments increased over this period due to an increase in unfunded balances and the baseline loss rate for certain portfolios.

The total provision for credit losses increased $5.6 million on a net basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The provision on funded loans increased $5.5 million over the nine month comparable period in 2023 driven by an increase in specific reserves, mainly on small business loans and existing non-accrual loans, combined with provisioning for loan growth and charge-offs.

NON-INTEREST INCOME

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Same Period in 2023

The following table presents the components of non-interest income for the periods indicated:

			Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						September 30, 2023						$ Change						% Change
Mortgage banking income			$	6,474					$	4,819					$	1,655					34.3		%
Wealth management income			1,447						1,258						189						15.0		%
SBA loan income			544						982						(438)						(44.6)		%
Earnings on investment in life insurance			222						201						21						10.4		%
Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments			(102)						103						(205)						(199.0)		%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale			169						111						58						52.3		%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment			965						(570)						1,535						(269.3)		%
Net (loss) gain on hedging activity			(197)						82						(279)						(340.2)		%
Net loss on sale of investment securities available-for-sale			(57)						(3)						(54)						(100.0)		%
Other			1,366						1,103						263						23.8		%
Total non-interest income			$	10,831					$	8,086					$	2,745					33.9		%

Total non-interest income increased $2.7 million due largely to improved income from our mortgage segment, despite the continued impact of the higher rate environment and a lack of housing inventory. Mortgage loan originations increased $66.0 million to $238.8 million when comparing the quarter ended September 30, 2024 to the quarter ended September 30, 2023. SBA loan income decreased $438 thousand over this period as the value of SBA loans sold for the quarter-ended September 30, 2024 was $14.3 million, or 54.6%, lower than the quarter-ended September 30, 2023, while the gross margin on sale was 7.9% for the quarter-ended September 30, 2024 compared to 6.2% for the quarter-ended September 30, 2023.

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The net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment improved to a gain of $965 thousand for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, compared to a loss of $570 thousand for the comparable prior year quarter, due to the impact of the changing interest rate environment and the impact this has had on loans in portfolio that are held at fair value. Other non-interest income increased due to an increase in FHLB stock income, increases in broker fees and other mortgage segment related income, as well as business credit card fee income.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Same Period in 2023

The following table presents the components of non-interest income for the periods indicated:

			Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						September 30, 2023						$ Change						% Change
Mortgage banking income			$	15,528					$	13,143					$	2,385					18.1		%
Wealth management income			4,208						3,689						519						14.1		%
SBA loan income			2,315						3,463						(1,148)						(33.2)		%
Earnings on investment in life insurance			644						585						59						10.1		%
Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments			176						217						(41)						(18.9)		%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale			138						(88)						226						(256.8)		%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment			766						(673)						1,439						(213.8)		%
Net (loss) gain on hedging activity			(279)						81						(360)						(444.4)		%
Net loss on sale of investment securities available-for-sale			(57)						(58)						1						(100.0)		%
Other			4,620						3,489						1,131						32.4		%
Total non-interest income			$	28,059					$	23,848					$	4,211					17.7		%

Total non-interest income increased $4.2 million due largely to improved income from our mortgage segment, despite the continued impact of the higher rate environment and a lack of housing inventory. Mortgage loan originations increased $112.0 million to $594.5 million when comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. SBA loan income decreased $1.1 million over this period as the value of SBA loans sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $25 million, or 39.1%, lower than for the nine months September 30, 2023, while the gross margin on sale was 8.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 6.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The net changes in the fair value of loans held-for-sale increased by $226 thousand, period over period due to the increase in volume and the impact of the changing interest rate environment. Other non-interest income in several areas increased including FHLB stock income, broker fees and other mortgage segment related income, as well as business credit card fee income, and other account related fees such as wire transfer fees and ATM fees.

NON-INTEREST EXPENSE

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Same Period in 2023

The following table presents the components of non-interest expense for the periods indicated:

			Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						September 30, 2023						$ Change						% Change
Salaries and employee benefits			$	12,829					$	12,420					$	409					3.3		%
Occupancy and equipment			1,243						1,226						17						1.4		%
Professional fees			1,106						1,104						2						0.2		%
Data processing and software			1,553						1,652						(99)						(6.0)		%
Advertising and promotion			717						848						(131)						(15.4)		%
Pennsylvania bank shares tax			181						244						(63)						(25.8)		%
Other			2,917						2,524						393						15.6		%
Total non-interest expense			$	20,546					$	20,018					$	528					2.6		%

Total non-interest expense increased $528 thousand, or 2.6%, largely attributable to an increase in salaries and employee benefits and other non-interest expense. Salaries and employee benefits increased $409 thousand due largely to the improvement in mortgage banking operations over the period, combined with a higher level of stock based compensation expense. Other non-interest expense increased $393 thousand due to an increase in certain commercial and consumer related loan expenses due to portfolio growth, and employee related training and recruitment fees as we continue to search for high performing individuals to join the Meridian team, partially offset by a decrease in FDIC insurance expense. Data processing and software expense decreased $99 thousand as a result of a change in mortgage customer volume, and advertising and promotion expense decreased $131 thousand as well due to the timing of marketing campaigns and events.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Same Period in 2023

The following table presents the components of non-interest expense for the periods indicated:

			Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						September 30, 2023						$ Change						% Change
Salaries and employee benefits			$	34,839					$	35,633					$	(794)					(2.2)		%
Occupancy and equipment			3,706						3,610						96						2.7		%
Professional fees			3,633						2,930						703						24.0		%
Data processing and software			4,591						4,764						(173)						(3.6)		%
Advertising and promotion			2,454						2,799						(345)						(12.3)		%
Pennsylvania bank shares tax			729						735						(6)						(0.8)		%
Other			7,786						6,951						835						12.0		%
Total non-interest expense			$	57,738					$	57,422					$	316					0.6		%

Total non-interest expense increased $316 thousand, or 0.6%, largely attributable to an increase in professional fees, and other non-interest expense, partially offset by a decrease in salaries and employee benefits, and advertising expense. Salaries and employee benefits decreased $794 thousand due largely to the above noted cost reduction efforts in the mortgage segment, combined with lower stock based compensation expense. Professional fees increased $703 thousand over this period due to an increase in loan and lease workout expenses and OREO expense, as well as an increase in audit related costs. Other non-interest expense increased $835 thousand due largely to an increase in certain commercial and consumer related loan expenses due to portfolio growth, and employee related training and recruitment fees.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $1.5 million, and $3.4 million, respectively, as compared to $1.2 million, and $3.6 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2023. Our effective tax rates were 24.0% and 24.3%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 23.1% and 22.0% for the same periods in 2023. While income tax expense decreased primarily due to the decrease in income before income taxes, the effective tax rate increased due to the impact of additional nondeductible expense, partially offset by an increase in tax-free bank owned life insurance income.

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS

As of September 30, 2024, total assets were $2.4 billion which increased $141.5 million, or 6.3%, from December 31, 2023. This increase in assets over the prior period was due primarily to loan portfolio growth, as detailed in the following table:

(Dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023						$ Change						% Change
Mortgage loans held for sale			$	46,602					$	24,816					$	21,786					87.8		%
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage			800,938						737,863						63,075						8.5
Home equity lines and loans			86,967						76,287						10,680						14.0
Residential mortgage			257,604						260,604						(3,000)						(1.2)
Construction			250,552						246,440						4,112						1.7
Total real estate loans			1,396,061						1,321,194						74,867						5.7
Commercial and industrial			363,854						302,891						60,963						20.1
Small business loans			156,499						142,342						14,157						9.9
Consumer			342						389						(47)						(12.1)
Leases, net			86,704						121,632						(34,928)						(28.7)
Total portfolio loans and leases			$	2,003,460					$	1,888,448					$	115,012					6.1
Total loans and leases			$	2,050,062					$	1,913,264					$	136,798					7.1		%

Portfolio loans increased $115.0 million, to $2.0 billion as of September 30, 2024, from $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2023. Overall portfolio loan growth was 6.1% since December 31, 2023, or 8.1% on an annualized basis for 2024. Commercial real estate loans increased $63.1 million, or 8.5%, commercial and industrial loans increased $61.0 million, or 20.1%, and construction loans increased $4.1 million, or 1.7%.

As of September 30, 2024, included within the commercial real estate loans total of $800.9 million was $253.0 million of owner-occupied commercial loans, as well as $110.2 million of multi-family loans. Nearly all of the multi-family real estate loans are on properties located in Philadelphia and surrounding counties we service.

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The following table presents the major categories of deposits at the dates indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023						$ Change						% Change
Noninterest-bearing deposits			$	237,207					$	239,289					$	(2,082)					(0.9)		%
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing demand deposits			133,429						150,898						(17,469)						(11.6)		%
Money market and savings deposits			822,837						747,803						75,034						10.0		%
Time deposits			785,454						685,472						99,982						14.6		%
Total interest-bearing deposits			$	1,741,720					$	1,584,173					$	157,547					9.9		%
Total deposits			$	1,978,927					$	1,823,462					$	155,465					8.5		%

Total deposits increased $155.5 million, or 8.5%, since December 31, 2023. Noninterest-bearing deposits and interest-bearing accounts decreased $2.1 million, and $17.5 million, respectively, during the period. This decline was largely due to customer preference for money market deposits which carry higher interest rates than demand deposits. Time deposits grew $100.0 million, or 14.6%, largely due to wholesale funding as customers prefer the higher term interest rates offered by these products.

The majority of Meridian's deposit base is comprised of business deposits (51%), with consumer deposits amounting to 12% at September 30, 2024. Municipal deposits (11%) and brokered deposits (26%) provide growth funding. Historically, business deposits lag loan fundings. A typical business relationship maintains operating accounts, investment accounts or sweep accounts and business owners may also have personal savings or wealth accounts. Deposit balances in business accounts have a tendency to be higher on average than consumer accounts. At September 30, 2024, 62% of business accounts and 89% of consumer accounts were fully insured by the FDIC. The municipal deposits are 100% collateralized and brokered deposits are 100% FDIC insured. The level of uninsured deposits for the entire deposit base was 20% at September 30, 2024.

Capital

Consolidated stockholders’ equity of the Corporation was $167.5 million, or 7.0% of total assets as of September 30, 2024, as compared to $158.0 million, or 7.0% of total assets as of December 31, 2023. On October 22, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per common share payable November 19, 2024 to shareholders of record as of November 12, 2024.

Under the Community Bank Leverage Ratio framework, a community banking organization that is less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and has limited amounts of certain assets and off-balance sheet exposures, and a CBLR greater than 9% can elect to report a single regulatory capital ratio. The Corporation has elected to be measured under this framework for Bank capital adequacy and had ratios of 9.32% and 9.46% at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Corporation is exempt from CBLR.

The following table presents the Bank’s capital ratios and the minimum capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” by regulators at the periods indicated:

									Bank												Well-capitalized minimum
															September 30, 2024									December 31, 2023
Tier 1 leverage ratio															9.32		%				9.46		%				5.00		%
Common tier 1 risk-based capital ratio															10.17		%				10.10		%				6.50		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio															10.17		%				10.10		%				8.00		%
Total risk-based capital ratio															11.22		%				11.17		%				10.00		%

In December 2018, the Federal Reserve announced that a banking organization that experiences a reduction in retained earnings due to the CECL adoption as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which CECL is adopted may elect to phase in the regulatory capital impact of adopting CECL. Transitional amounts are calculated for the following items: retained earnings, temporary difference deferred tax assets and credit loss allowances eligible for inclusion in regulatory capital. When calculating regulatory capital ratios, 25% of the transitional amounts are phased in during the first year. An additional 25% of the transitional amounts are phased in over each of the next two years and at the beginning of the fourth year, the day-one effects of CECL are completely reflected in regulatory capital. As of September 30, 2024, Meridian has phased in 50% of the day-one effects of CECL.

Asset Quality Summary

The ratio of non-performing assets to total assets was 1.97% as of September 30, 2024, up from 1.58% reported as of December 31, 2023. Total non-performing loans of $45.1 million as of September 30, 2024, increased $11.4 million from $33.8 million as December

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31, 2023. The changes were the result of risk rating downgrades in several loan categories including SBA loans and the acquisition of a PCD loan during the period, partially offset by a decline in small equipment leasing non-performing loans and charge-offs as of September 30, 2024.

Meridian realized net charge-offs of 0.11% of total average loans for the three months ending September 30, 2024, which was up from 0.05% reported for the same period in 2023. Net charge-offs for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 were $2.3 million, compared to net charge-offs of $914 thousand for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Net charge-offs for the current quarter comprised of $2.4 million in charge-offs, with $152 thousand in recoveries, and were nearly an even split between SBA loans and small ticket equipment leases.

The ratio of allowance for credit losses to total loans and other finance receivables, excluding loans at fair value (a non-GAAP measure, see reconciliation in the Appendix), was 1.10% as of September 30, 2024 compared to 1.17% as of December 31, 2023. As of September 30, 2024 there were specific reserves of $6.8 million against non-performing loans, an increase from $6.5 million as of December 31, 2023. The increase over this period was due to an increase in specific reserves on certain SBA and commercial loan relationships, led by the impact of a loan participation that was repurchased during the quarter and classified as a PCD loan and therefore increased the ACL as of September 30, 2024, partially offset by specific reserves that existed as of December 31, 2023 that were charged-off during 2024.

The drop in ACL coverage ratio noted above since December 31, 2023 was the direct result of charge-offs of specific reserves on individually evaluated loans. But despite the decrease in the ACL coverage ratio in the ACL on collectively evaluated loans, management continues to provide for loan growth in various portfolio segments, as well as providing for growth in certain qualitative factors in riskier portfolio segments.

The Corporation is proactive with its loan review process that utilizes the engagement of an independent outside loan review firm, which helps identify developing credit issues. Proactive steps that are taken include the procurement of additional collateral (preferably outside the current loan structure) whenever possible and frequent contact with the borrower. The Corporation believes that timely identification of credit issues and appropriate actions early in the process serve to mitigate overall risk of loss.

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Nonperforming Assets and Related Ratios

The following table presents nonperforming assets and related ratios for the periods indicated:

(dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Non-performing assets:
Nonaccrual loans:
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage			$	851					$	—
Home equity lines and loans			1,213						1,037
Residential mortgage			8,942						4,536
Construction			3,305						1,206
Total real estate loans			14,311						6,779
Commercial and industrial			15,142						15,413
Small business loans			13,802						9,440
Leases			1,888						2,131
Total nonaccrual loans			45,143						33,763
Other real estate owned			1,862						1,703
Total non-performing assets			$	47,005					$	35,466
Asset quality ratios:
Non-performing assets to total assets			1.97		%				1.58		%
Non-performing loans to:
Total loans and leases			2.20		%				1.76		%
Total loans and other finance receivables			2.25		%				1.78		%
Total loans and other finance receivables (excluding loans at fair value) (1)			2.26		%				1.79		%
Allowance for credit losses to:
Total loans and leases			1.07		%				1.15		%
Total loans and other finance receivables			1.09		%				1.17		%
Total loans and other finance receivables (excluding loans at fair value) (1)			1.10		%				1.17		%
Non-performing loans			48.66		%				65.48		%
Total loans and leases			$	2,054,998					$	1,920,622
Total loans and other finance receivables			2,008,396						1,895,806
Total loans and other finance receivables (excluding loans at fair value)			1,994,431						1,882,080
Allowance for credit losses			21,965						22,107

(1) The allowance for credit losses to total loans and other finance receivables (excluding loans at fair value) ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of this measure to its most comparable GAAP measure.

Liquidity

Management maintains liquidity to meet depositors’ needs for funds, to satisfy or fund loan commitments, and for other operating purposes. Meridian’s foundation for liquidity is a stable and loyal customer deposit base, cash and cash equivalents, and a marketable investment portfolio that provides periodic cash flow through regular maturities and amortization or that can be used as collateral to secure funding.

In addition, Meridian maintains borrowing arrangements with various correspondent banks, the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia to meet short-term liquidity needs and has access to approximately $879.5 million in liquidity from these sources. Through its relationship at the Federal Reserve, Meridian had available credit of approximately $6.0 million at September 30, 2024. As a member of the FHLB, we are eligible to borrow up to a specific credit limit, which is determined by the amount of our residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other loans that have been pledged as collateral. As of September 30, 2024, Meridian’s

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maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $684.0 million. At September 30, 2024, Meridian had borrowed $143.4 million and the FHLB had issued letters of credit, on Meridian’s behalf, totaling $162.4 million against its available credit lines. At September 30, 2024, Meridian also had available $56.0 million of unsecured federal funds lines of credit with other financial institutions as well as $173.9 million of available short or long term funding through the CDARS program and $328.0 million of available short or long term funding through brokered CD arrangements. Management believes that Meridian has adequate resources to meet its short-term and long-term funding requirements.

Discussion of Segments

As of September 30, 2024, the Corporation has three principal segments as defined by FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting.” The segments are Banking, Mortgage Banking and Wealth Management (see Note 10 in the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements).

The Banking Segment recorded income before tax of $3.9 million and $10.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to income before tax of $6.3 million and $19.8 million for the same periods in 2023. The Banking Segment provided 63.1% and 75.0% of the Corporation’s pre-tax profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to 121.2% and 122.1% for the same periods in 2023.

The Wealth Management Segment recorded income before tax of $653 thousand and $1.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to income before tax of $417 thousand and $973 thousand for the same periods in 2023. The increase in income in this segment was the result of an increase in assets under management and improved market conditions over the period.

The Mortgage Banking Segment recorded income before tax of $1.7 million and $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to losses before tax of $1.5 million and $4.6 million for the same periods in 2023. Mortgage Banking income and expenses related to loan originations and sales increased over the comparable periods due to higher loan origination and sales volume.

Off Balance Sheet Risk

The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and loan repurchase commitments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the loan agreement. Total commitments to extend credit at September 30, 2024 were $597.3 million as compared to $517.7 million at December 31, 2023.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Corporation to a customer for a third party. Such standby letters of credit are issued to support private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is similar to that involved in granting loan facilities to customers. The Corporation’s obligation under standby letters of credit at September 30, 2024 amounted to $11.3 million as compared to $10.9 million at December 31, 2023.

Estimated fair values of the Corporation’s off-balance sheet instruments are based on fees and rates currently charged to enter into similar loan agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. Since fees and rates charged for off-balance sheet items are at market levels when set, there is no material difference between the stated amount and the estimated fair value of off-balance sheet instruments.

In certain circumstances the Corporation may be required to repurchase residential mortgage loans from investors under the terms of loan sale agreements. Generally, these circumstances include the breach of representations and warranties made to investors regarding borrower default or early payment, as well as a violation of the applicable federal, state, or local lending laws. The Corporation agrees to repurchase loans if the representations and warranties made with respect to such loans are breached. Based on the obligations described above, the Corporation repurchased one loan totaling $257 thousand and 5 loans totaling $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, while the Corporation repurchased 2 loans totaling $730 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Meridian believes that non-GAAP measures are meaningful because they reflect adjustments commonly made by management, investors, regulators and analysts to evaluate performance trends and the adequacy of common equity. This non-GAAP disclosure has limitations as an analytical tool, should not be viewed as a substitute for performance and financial condition measures determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of Meridian’s results as reported under GAAP, nor is it necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies.

Our management used the measure of the tangible common equity ratio to assess our capital strength. We believe that this non-GAAP financial measure is useful to investors because, by removing the impact of our goodwill and other intangible assets, it allows investors to more easily assess our capital adequacy. This non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered a substitute for any regulatory capital ratios and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies.

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The table below provides the non-GAAP reconciliation for our tangible common equity ratio and tangible book value per common share:

(dollars in thousands, except share data)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Total stockholders' equity (GAAP)			$	167,450					$	158,022
Less: Goodwill and intangible assets			(3,717)						(3,870)
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)			163,733						154,152
Total assets (GAAP)			2,387,721						2,246,193
Less: Goodwill and intangible assets			(3,717)						(3,870)
Tangible assets (non-GAAP)			$	2,384,004					$	2,242,323
Stockholders' equity to total assets (GAAP)			7.01		%				7.04		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)			6.87		%				6.87		%
Shares outstanding			11,229						11,183
Book value per share (GAAP)			$	14.91					$	14.13
Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP)			$	14.58					$	13.78

The following is a reconciliation of the allowance for credit losses to total loans held for investment ratio at September 30, 2024. This is considered a non-GAAP measure as the calculation excludes the impact of loans held for investment that are fair valued as these loan types are not included in the allowance for credit losses calculation.

(dollars in thousands)			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses (GAAP)			$	21,965					$	22,107
Loans and other finance receivables (GAAP)			2,008,396						1,895,806
Less: Loans at fair value			(13,965)						(13,726)
Loans and other finance receivables, excluding loans at fair value (non-GAAP)			$	1,994,431					$	1,882,080
Allowance for credit losses to loans and other finance receivables (GAAP)			1.09		%				1.17		%
Allowance for credit losses to loans and other finance receivables, excluding loans at fair value (non-GAAP)			1.10		%				1.17		%

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Simulations of Net Interest Income

We use a simulation model on a quarterly basis to measure and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income resulting from various hypothetical interest rate scenarios. Our model incorporates various assumptions that management believes to be reasonable, but which may have a significant impact on results such as:

•The timing of changes in interest rates;

•Shifts or rotations in the yield curve;

•Repricing characteristics for market rate sensitive instruments on the balance sheet;

•Differing sensitivities of financial instruments due to differing underlying rate indices;

•Varying timing of loan prepayments for different interest rate scenarios;

•The effect of interest rate floors, periodic loan caps and lifetime loan caps;

•Overall growth rates and product mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

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Because of the limitations inherent in any approach used to measure interest rate risk, simulated results are not intended to be used as a forecast of the actual effect of a change in market interest rates on our results, but rather as a means to better plan and execute appropriate ALM strategies.

Potential increase (decrease) to our net interest income between a flat interest rate scenario and hypothetical rising and declining interest rate scenarios, measured over a one-year period as of the dates indicated, are presented in the following table which assuming rate shifts occur upward and downward on the yield curve in even increments over the first twelve months (ramp) followed by rates held constant thereafter.

			September 30,
Changes in Market Interest Rates			2024						2023
+300 basis points over next 12 months			2.04		%				(1.25)		%
+200 basis points over next 12 months			1.62		%				(0.74)		%
+100 basis points over next 12 months			0.96		%				(0.29)		%
No Change
-100 basis points over next 12 months			(1.31)		%				(1.33)		%
-200 basis points over next 12 months			(2.54)		%				(2.63)		%
-300 basis points over next 12 months			(3.10)		%				(3.77)		%

The above interest rate simulation suggests that the Corporation’s balance sheet is asset sensitive as of September 30, 2024. In its current position, the table indicates that net interest income will fluctuate in an up or down 100 basis point environment over the next 12 months. The simulated exposure to a change in interest rates is manageable and well within policy guidelines. The results continue to drive our funding strategy of increasing relationship-based accounts (core deposits) and utilizing term deposits to fund short to medium duration assets.

Simulation of economic value of equity

To quantify the amount of capital required to absorb potential losses in value of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities resulting from adverse market movements, we calculate economic value of equity on a quarterly basis. We define economic value of equity as the net present value of our balance sheet’s cash flow, and we calculate economic value of equity by discounting anticipated principal and interest cash flows under the prevailing and hypothetical interest rate environments. Potential changes to our economic value of equity between a flat rate scenario and hypothetical rising and declining rate scenarios are presented in the following table. The projections assume shifts upward and downward in the yield curve of 100, 200 and 300 basis points occurring immediately.

			September 30,
Changes in Market Interest Rates			2024						2023
+300 basis points			9		%				(10)		%
+200 basis points			9		%				(6)		%
+100 basis points			6		%				(2)		%
No Change
-100 basis points			(9)		%				—		%
-200 basis points			(25)		%				(5)		%
-300 basis points			(47)		%				(17)		%

This economic value of equity profile at September 30, 2024 suggests that we would experience a negative effect from a decrease of 100 basis points in rates, and the impact would worsen as rates continued to move downward. While an instantaneous shift in interest rates is used in this analysis to provide an estimate of exposure, we believe that a gradual shift in interest rates would have a much more modest impact. Since economic value of equity measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in economic value of equity does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon.

The results of our net interest income and economic value of equity simulation analysis are purely hypothetical, and a variety of factors might cause actual results to differ substantially from what is depicted. For example, if the timing and magnitude of interest rate changes differ from that projected, our net interest income might vary significantly. Non-parallel yield curve shifts or changes in interest rate spreads would also cause net interest income to be different from that projected. An increasing interest rate environment could reduce projected net interest income if deposits and other short-term interest-bearing liabilities reprice faster than expected or faster than our interest-earning assets. Actual results could differ from those projected if interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities grow faster or slower than estimated, or otherwise change its mix of products. Actual results could also differ from those projected if actual repayment speeds in the loan portfolio are substantially different than those assumed in the simulation model. Furthermore, the results do not take into account the impact of changes in loan prepayment rates on loan discount accretion. If loan prepayment rates were to increase, any remaining loan discounts would be recognized into interest income. This would result in a current period offset to declining net interest income caused by higher rate loans prepaying. Finally, these simulation results do not contemplate all the actions

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that management may undertake in response to changes in interest rates, such as changes to loan, investment, deposit, funding or other strategies.

Management has and continues to employ strategies to mitigate risk in the Net Interest Income and Economic Value simulations.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d- 15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, the Corporation’s CEO and CFO have concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2024 to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports that the Corporation files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported completely and accurately within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting identified during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II–OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

None

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes in the risk factors faced by the Corporation from those disclosed in the Corporation’s Annual

Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number						Description
2.1						Plan of Merger and Reorganization dated April 26, 2018 by and between Registrant, Bank and Meridian Interim Bank, filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K on August 24, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.1						Amended Articles of Incorporation of Registrant, filed herewith.
3.2						Bylaws of Registrant, filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K on August 24, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.2						Indenture, dated as of December 18, 2019, between Meridian Corporation, as Issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 18, 2019.
4.3						Form of 5.375% Subordinated Note due 2029 (included as Exhibit A-1 and Exhibit A-2 to the Indenture incorporated by reference as Exhibit 4.2 hereto), filed with the SEC on December 18, 2019.
31.1						Rule 13a-14(a)/ 15d-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer, filed herewith.
31.2						Rule 13a-14(a)/ 15d-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer, filed herewith.
32						Section 1350 Certifications, filed herewith.
101.INS						XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
Exhibit 104						Cover Page Interactive Data File – The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date:			November 8, 2024			Meridian Corporation
						By:			/s/ Christopher J. Annas
									Christopher J. Annas President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
						By:			/s/ Denise Lindsay
									Denise Lindsay Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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