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目錄
美國證券交易委員會
華盛頓特區20549
表格 10-Q
（標記一）
x根據1934年證券交易法第13或15(d)節的季度報告
截至季度結束日期的財務報告2024年9月30日
或者
o根據1934年證券交易法第13或15(d)節的轉型報告書
轉型期自_______至________
委託文件號碼：001-42107
Logo Holding (002).jpg
第一銀行股份有限公司。
(根據其章程規定的註冊人準確名稱)
密西西比州64-0862173
（擬定公司）（IRS僱主身份證明編號）
6480 U.S. Highway 98 West, A座, 哈蒂斯堡, 密西西比州
39402
，（主要行政辦公地址）(郵政編碼)
(601) 268-8998
(註冊人電話號碼，包括區號)
不適用
（前名稱、地址及財政年度，如果自上次報告以來有更改）
在法案第12(b)條的規定下注冊的證券：
每一類的名稱交易標誌在其上註冊的交易所的名稱
普通股，面值$1.00
FBMS紐約證券交易所
請在以下複選框中打勾:無論註冊人(1)是否已在過去12個月內提交了《證券交易法》第13或15（d）條規定的所有報告(或者對於註冊人在此期間被要求提交此類報告的較短期間)，以及(2)在過去90天內是否已接受了此類提交要求。
Yes þ    沒有o
在檢查標記中表明註冊人是否已經在過去的12個月內（或者爲註冊人需要提交這些文件的較短期間）根據S-T法規405規定，遞交了每個互動數據文件。
Yes þ    沒有o
請勾選標記以說明註冊人是大型快速申報人、加速申報人、非加速申報人、較小的報告公司還是新興成長型公司。請查看《交易所法》第120億.2條中「大型快速申報人」、「加速申報人」、「較小的報告公司」和「新興成長型公司」的定義。
大型加速報告人
☑
加速文件提交人
☐
非加速文件提交人
☐
小型報告公司
☐
新興成長公司☐
如果是新興成長型企業，請勾選複選標記，表明註冊者已選擇不使用延長過渡期來符合根據證券交易法第13(a)條規定提供的任何新財務會計準則。 o
請選擇下列選項：公司是否爲外殼公司（按《交易所法》第12b-2條的定義）。
是的 o沒有 þ

請註明在最新適用日期時本發行人每種普通股的流通股數。
每股面值爲$1的普通股，截至2024年11月1日已發行3248706股，並 31,199,099 出售，股份尚未變動。
審計公司PCAOb ID：686核數師姓名：富而維馬澤斯有限責任合夥核數師位置：密西西比州傑克遜

目錄
第一班克股份有限公司
10-Q表格
2024年9月30日季度結束
指數
2
目錄
第一部分 - 財務信息
項目1.基本報表
第一銀行股份有限公司。
基本報表
（單位：千美元）
（未經審計）
September 30,
2024		12月31日,
2023
資產
現金和存放在銀行的款項$127,515 $224,199 
銀行存款（含利息）86,620 130,948 
現金及現金等價物總額214,135 355,147 
可供出售證券，按公允價值計量（攤餘成本：$1,151,663 - 2024; $1,161,172 - 2023; 信貸損失準備金：$0)
1,060,014 1,039,322 
持有到期的證券淨額，減去按照信貸損失撥備計提的$0 （公允價值：$574,750 - 2024; $615,944 - 2023)
602,328 654,539 
其他證券52,386 40,797 
證券總計 1,714,728 1,734,658 
待售貸款2,987 2,914 
投資貸款5,318,590 5,170,042 
信貸損失準備金(55,700)(54,032)
持有的淨貸款5,262,890 5,116,010 
應收利息33,384 33,300 
土地和建築170,570 174,309 
經營租賃權使用資產5,964 6,387 
融資租賃使用權資產1,118 1,466 
銀行持有壽險的現金贖回價值136,579 134,249 
商譽272,520 272,520 
其他房地產業擁有7,314 8,320 
其他144,266 160,065 
資產總額$7,966,455 $7,999,345 
負債和股東權益  
負債：
存款：  
非計息帳戶$1,796,746 $1,849,013 
計息帳戶4,763,966 4,613,859 
存款總額6,560,712 6,462,872 
應付利息13,720 22,702 
借用的所有基金類型207,500 390,000 
次級債券123,645 123,386 
經營租賃負債6,131 6,550 
融資租賃負債1,602 1,739 
爲表外信貸暴露設立的信貸損失補貼2,075 2,075 
其他負債39,387 40,987 
負債合計6,954,772 7,050,311 
股東權益：  
普通股，每股面值 $，授權股數：百萬股；發行股數：分別爲2024年6月30日和2023年12月31日：百萬股；流通股數：分別爲2024年6月30日和2023年12月31日：百萬股1每股股票價格爲80,000,000 股份已獲授權; 32,450,440 2024年9月30日發行的股票，面值$1每股股票價格爲80,000,000 股份已獲授權; 32,338,983 2023年12月31日發行的股份
32,450 32,339 
額外實收資本776,731 775,232 
保留盈餘335,689 300,150 
累計其他全面損失(92,076)(117,576)
截至2024年3月31日和2023年12月31日，公司的庫藏股票分別有2,279,784股和2,693,653股。1,249,607 在2024年9月30日和2023年12月31日的股份情況
(41,111)(41,111)
股東權益合計1,011,683 949,034 
負債和股東權益總計$7,966,455 $7,999,345 
請參閱並注意基本報表註釋
3
目錄
第一銀行股份有限公司。
綜合利潤表
（單位：千美元，每股收益和分紅派息除外）
（未經審計）（未經審計）
三個月結束
September 30,		九個月結束
September 30,
2024202320242023
利息和股息收入：
貸款利息和費用$82,131 $74,626 $239,266 $216,949 
證券利息和股息收入：
應稅利息和股利8,064 7,685 25,234 24,311 
免稅利息2,925 2,929 8,836 8,825 
聯邦資金出售利息及在其他銀行存入的人形機器人-軸承利息 441 441 2,915 2,128 
總利息收入93,561 85,681 276,251 252,213 
利息支出:
贖回Baskets的日元數量。如果Trust的日元被提取以支付Trust的開支，需要創建籃子或在籃子贖回時發生的，用於表示Baskets的日元數量的代幣的日元數量可能會隨着時間的推移而逐漸減少。29,979 19,572 88,855 46,611 
借款資金利息4,568 5,405 13,247 13,942 
總利息支出34,547 24,977 102,102 60,553 
淨利息收入59,014 60,704 174,149 191,660 
LHFI資產信用損失準備1,000 1,000 2,650 12,500 
OBSC風險暴露信用損失準備— — — 750 
經計提信貸損失後的淨利息收入58,014 59,704 171,499 178,410 
非息收入：
存款帳戶服務費3,709 3,646 10,410 10,728 
證券的收益（損失）225 2 191 (46)
（虧損）處置房地產和設備的損益(344)(104)(181)559 
政府授予/撥款 — 6,197 — 6,197 
Other8,652 9,583 27,820 26,921 
總非利息收入12,242 19,324 38,240 44,359 
非利息支出：
薪水和員工福利25,131 22,807 74,684 69,695 
租賃和設備5,659 5,343 16,863 15,680 
併購費用2,592 588 2,952 8,482 
Other13,012 18,986 39,409 46,436 
非利息支出總額46,394 47,724 133,908 140,293 
稅前收入 23,862 31,304 75,831 82,476 
所得稅費用5,291 6,944 16,935 18,066 
淨利潤$18,571 $24,360 $58,896 $64,410 
基本每股收益$0.59 $0.78 $1.87 $2.05 
攤薄每股收益0.59 0.77 1.86 $2.04 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4
Table of Contents
THE FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
($ in thousands)
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2024202320242023
Net income$18,571 $24,360 $58,896 $64,410 
Other comprehensive income (loss):  
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period on available-for-sale securities38,134 (26,770)34,045 (22,025)
Reclassification adjustment for (accretion) amortization of unrealized holdings gain/(loss) included in accumulated other comprehensive income from the transfer of securities available-for-sale to held-to-maturity95 93 283 277 
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income(225)(2)(191)46 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period on available-for-sale securities38,004 (26,679)34,137 (21,702)
Income tax (expense) benefit(9,615)6,750 (8,637)5,491 
Other comprehensive income (loss)28,389 (19,929)25,500 (16,211)
Comprehensive income$46,960 $4,431 $84,396 $48,199 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
5
Table of Contents
THE FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
($ in thousands except per share data, unaudited)

Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Treasury StockTotal
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance, January 1, 202325,275,369 $25,275 $558,833 $252,623 $(148,957)(1,249,607)$(41,111)$646,663 
Net income— — — 16,271 — — — 16,271 
Other comprehensive income— — — — 18,183 — — 18,183 
Dividends on common stock, $0.21 per share
— — — (6,498)— — — (6,498)
Issuance of common shares for HSBI acquisition6,920,422 6,920 214,602 — — — — 221,522 
Issuance of restricted stock grants 118,689 119 (119)— — — — — 
Restricted stock grants forfeited(500)(1)1 — — — — — 
Repurchase of restricted stock for payment of taxes(9,827)(9)(298)— — — — (307)
    Compensation expense — — 593 — — — — 593 
Balance, March 31, 202332,304,153 32,304 773,612 262,396 (130,774)(1,249,607)(41,111)896,427 
Net income— — — 23,779 — — — 23,779 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (14,465)— — (14,465)
Dividends on common stock, $0.22 per share
— — — (6,825)— — — (6,825)
Issuance of restricted stock grants45,773 46 (46)— — — — — 
Restricted stock grants forfeited(4,526)(5)5 — — — — — 
    Compensation expense— — 530 — — — — 530 
Balance, June 30, 202332,345,400 32,345 774,101 279,350 (145,239)(1,249,607)(41,111)899,446 
Net income— — — 24,360 — — — 24,360 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (19,929)— — (19,929)
Dividends on common stock, $0.23 per share
— — — (7,151)— — — (7,151)
Issuance of restricted stock grants2,711 3 (3)— — — — — 
Restricted stock grants forfeited(3,596)(4)4 — — — — — 
Repurchase of restricted stock for payment of taxes(1,104)(1)(31)— — — — (32)
Compensation expense— — 527 — — — — 527 
Balance, September 30, 202332,343,411 $32,343 $774,598 $296,559 $(165,168)(1,249,607)$(41,111)$897,221 
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THE FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY CONTINUED
($ in thousands except per share data, unaudited)
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Treasury StockTotal
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance, January 1, 202432,338,983 $32,339 $775,232 $300,150 $(117,576)(1,249,607)$(41,111)$949,034 
Net income— — — 20,628 — — — 20,628 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (2,312)— — (2,312)
Dividends on common stock, $0.25 per share
— — — (7,777)— — — (7,777)
Issuance of restricted stock grants141,457 141 (141)— — — — — 
Repurchase of restricted stock for payment of taxes(12,512)(12)(302)— — — — (314)
    Compensation expense— — 653 — — — — 653 
Balance, March 31, 202432,467,928 32,468 775,442 313,001 (119,888)(1,249,607)(41,111)959,912 
Net income— — — 19,697 — — — 19,697 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (577)— — (577)
Dividends on common stock, $0.25 per share
— — — (7,799)— — — (7,799)
Issuance of restricted stock grants2,847 3 (3)— — — — — 
Restricted stock grants forfeited(5,768)(6)6 — — — — — 
Repurchase of restricted stock for payment of taxes(595)(1)(14)— — — — (15)
Compensation expense— — 667 — — — — 667 
Balance, June 30, 202432,464,412 32,464 776,098 324,899 (120,465)(1,249,607)(41,111)971,885 
Net income— — — 18,571 — — — 18,571 
Other comprehensive income— — — — 28,389 — — 28,389 
Dividends on common stock, $0.25 per share
— — — (7,781)— — — (7,781)
Issuance of restricted stock grants2,800 3 (3)— — — — — 
Restricted stock grants forfeited(14,903)(15)15 — — — — — 
Repurchase of restricted stock for payment of taxes(1,869)(2)(53)— — — — (55)
Compensation expense— — 674 — — — — 674 
Balance, September 30, 202432,450,440 $32,450 $776,731 $335,689 $(92,076)(1,249,607)$(41,111)$1,011,683 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
7
Table of Contents
THE FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
($ in thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20242023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$58,896 $64,410 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion14,188 3,969 
Provision for credit loss2,650 13,250 
Loss on sale or write-down of ORE199 753 
Securities (gain) loss(191)46 
Loss (gain) on disposal of premises and equipment181 (559)
Restricted stock expense1,994 1,650 
Increase in cash value of life insurance(2,852)(2,390)
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends(301)(279)
Residential loans originated and held for sale(65,936)(76,169)
Proceeds from sale of residential loans held for sale65,863 74,652 
Changes in:
Interest receivable(84)1,530 
Interest payable(8,982)10,476 
Operating lease liability(419)(1,208)
Other, net2,602 (9,774)
Net cash provided by operating activities67,808 80,357 
Cash flows from investing activities:  
Available-for-sale securities:
Sales— 171,150 
Maturities, prepayments, and calls206,577 88,490 
Purchases(198,269)— 
Held-to-maturity securities:
Maturities, prepayments, and calls51,961 35,827 
Purchases of other securities(14,835)(10,563)
Proceeds from other securities3,991 8,741 
Net increase in loans(143,941)(145,047)
Net changes in premises and equipment(2,293)(2,749)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned1,077 1,098 
Proceeds from the sale of premises and equipment424 1,416 
Benefits received on bank owned life insurance policies522 — 
Cash received in excess of cash paid for acquisitions— 106,973 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(94,786)255,336 
Cash flows from financing activities:  
Increase (decrease) in deposits91,982 (408,603)
Proceeds from borrowed funds2,615,700 3,346,693 
Repayments of borrowed funds(2,798,200)(3,174,793)
Principal payments on finance lease liabilities(137)(134)
Dividends paid on common stock(22,995)(20,200)
Called/repayment of subordinated debt— (26,000)
Repurchase of restricted stock for payment of taxes(384)(339)
Net cash used in financing activities(114,034)(283,376)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(141,012)52,317 
Beginning cash and cash equivalents355,147 145,315 
Ending cash and cash equivalents$214,135 $197,632 
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Table of Contents             
THE FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS CONTINUED
($ in thousands)


(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20242023
Supplemental disclosures:  
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest$98,453 $33,966 
Income taxes, (net of refunds)14,798 9,284 
Non-cash activities:
Loans transferred to other real estate1,112 1,543 
Issuance of restricted stock grants147 168 
Dividends on restricted stock grants362 273 
Stock issued in connection with HSBI acquisition— 221,522 
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets482 560 
Lease liabilities arising from HSBI acquisition— 184 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
9
Table of Contents
THE FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
September 30, 2024
NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial statements and the instructions to Form 10-Q of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF ORGANIZATION
The First Bancshares, Inc., Hattiesburg, Mississippi (the “Company”), was incorporated June 23, 1995, under the laws of the State of Mississippi for the purpose of operating as a bank holding company. The Company’s primary asset is its interest in its wholly-owned subsidiary, The First Bank (the “Bank” or “The First”).
On May 17, 2024, the Company, acting pursuant to authorization from its Board of Directors, provided written notice to The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") of its determination to voluntarily withdraw the principal listing of the Company's voting common stock, $1.00 par value per share (the "Common Stock"), from Nasdaq and transfer the listing to the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). The listing and trading of the Common Stock on Nasdaq ended at market close on May 29, 2024, and trading commenced on the NYSE at market open on May 30, 2024. The Common Stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol "FBMS."
On July 29, 2024, the Company entered into a definitive merger agreement (the "Merger Agreement") with Renasant Corporation ("Renasant"), the holding company for Renasant Bank, whereby the Company will merge with and into Renasant, with Renasant continuing as the surviving corporation, and immediately thereafter, the Bank will merge with and into Renasant Bank (collectively, the " Renasant Merger"). Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, the companies will combine in an all-stock transaction in which all shareholders of the Company will receive 1.00 share of Renasant common stock for each share of Company common stock. The Renasant Merger has been approved by each company's board of directors and shareholders and is expected to close in the first half of 2025. Completion of the Renasant Merger remains subject to customary closing conditions, including the receipt of required regulatory approvals.
At September 30, 2024, the Company had approximately $7.966 billion in assets, $5.263 billion in net loans held for investment (“LHFI”), $6.561 billion in deposits, and $1.012 billion in shareholders' equity. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company reported net income of $58.9 million.
On February 23, 2024, the Company paid a cash dividend in the amount of $0.25 per share to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 7, 2024. On May 23, 2024, the Company paid a cash dividend in the amount of $0.25 per share to shareholders of record as of the close of business on May 7, 2024. On August 23, 2024, the Company paid a cash dividend in the amount of $0.25 per share to shareholders of record as of the close of business on August 8, 2024. On October 23, 2024, the Company announced that its Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.25 per share to be paid on its common stock on November 22, 2024 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on November 8, 2024.
NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Effect of Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In March 2023, FASB issued ASU No. 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842) - "Common Control Arrangements." This ASU requires entities to determine whether a related party arrangement between entities under common control is a lease. If the arrangement is determined to be a lease, an entity must classify and account for the lease on the same basis as an
10
Table of Contents
arrangement with a related party. The ASU requires all entities to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control leases over the useful life to the common control group. This guidance is effective for the Company January 1, 2024, and did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In March 2023, FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Venture (Topic 323): "Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method." These amendments allow reporting entities to elect to account for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits. This guidance is effective for the Company January 1, 2024, and did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
New Accounting Standards That Have Not Yet Been Adopted
In October 2023, FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative." This ASU amends the ASC to incorporate certain disclosure requirements from SEC Release No. 33-10532 - Disclosure Update and Simplification that was issued in 2018. The effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC's removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. This guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In November 2023, FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." This ASU amends the ASC to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The key amendments: 1. Require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. 2. Require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the significant expenses disclosed and each reported measure of segment profit or loss. 3. Require that a public entity provide all annual disclosures about a reportable segment's profit or loss and assets currently required by FASB ASU Topic 280, Segment Reporting, in interim periods. 4. Clarify that if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment's profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, a public entity may report one or more of those additional measures of segment profit. However, at least one of the reported segment profit or loss measures (or the single reported measure, if only one is disclosed) should be the measure that is most consistent with the measurement principles used in measuring the corresponding amounts in the public entity's consolidated financial statements. 5. Require that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. 6. Require that a public entity has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in the ASU and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. This guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In December 2023, FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." This ASU requires that a public business entity on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income (or loss) by the applicable statutory income tax rate). The amendments require that all entities disclose on an annual basis the following information about income taxes paid: 1. The amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes. 2. The amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid (net of refunds received) is equal to or greater than 5 percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). The amendments also require that all entities disclose the following information: 1. Income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign. 2. Income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. This guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In March 2024, FASB issued ASU No. 2024-02, Codification Improvements - Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements: This ASU amends the Codification to remove references to various concepts statements and impacts a variety of topics in the Codification. The amendments apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance, but in most instances the references removed are extraneous and not required to understand
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or apply the guidance. Generally, the amendments in ASU 2024-02 are not intended to result in significant accounting changes for most entities. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. This guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 4 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Acquisitions
Heritage Southeast Bank
On January 1, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of Heritage Southeast Bancorporation, Inc. ("HSBI"), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated July 27, 2022, by and between the Company and HSBI (the "HSBI Merger Agreement"). Upon the completion of the merger of HSBI with and into the Company, Heritage Southeast Bank ("Heritage Bank"), HSBI's wholly-owned subsidiary, was merged with and into The First Bank. Under the terms of the HSBI Merger Agreement, each share of HSBI common stock was converted into the right to receive 0.965 of a share of Company common stock. The Company paid a total consideration of $221.5 million to the former HSBI shareholders as consideration in the acquisition, which included 6,920,422 shares of the Company's common stock, and $16 thousand in cash in lieu of fractional shares. The HSBI acquisition provided the opportunity for the Company to expand its operations in Georgia and the Florida panhandle.
In connection with the acquisition of HSBI, the Company recorded $91.9 million of goodwill, of which $3.2 million funded the ACL for estimated losses on the acquired PCD loans, and $43.7 million core deposit intangible. Goodwill is not deductible for income taxes. The core deposit intangible will be amortized to expense over 10 years.
The following table summarizes the finalized fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed including the goodwill generated from the transaction on January 1, 2023, along with valuation adjustments that have been made since initially reported.
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($ in thousands)As Initially
Reported		Measurement
Period
Adjustments		As Adjusted
Identifiable assets:
Cash and due from banks$106,973 $(180)$106,793 
Investments172,775 — 172,775 
Loans1,155,712 — 1,155,712 
Core deposit intangible43,739 — 43,739 
Personal and real property35,963 — 35,963 
Other real estate owned857 332 1,189 
Bank owned life insurance35,579 — 35,579 
Deferred taxes6,761 (632)6,129 
Interest receivable4,349 — 4,349 
Other assets3,103 — 3,103 
Total assets1,565,811 (480)1,565,331 
Liabilities and equity:
Deposits1,392,432 — 1,392,432 
Trust Preferred9,015 — 9,015 
Other liabilities34,271 — 34,271 
Total liabilities1,435,718 — 1,435,718 
Net assets acquired130,093 (480)129,613 
Consideration paid221,538 — 221,538 
Goodwill$91,445 $480 $91,925 
During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company finalized its analysis and valuation adjustments have been made to cash and due from banks, other real estate owned, and deferred taxes since initially reported.
Beach Bancorp, Inc.
On August 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Beach Bancorp, Inc. ("BBI"), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated April 26, 2022, by and between the Company and BBI (the "BBI Merger Agreement"). Upon the completion of the merger of BBI with and into the Company, Beach Bank, BBI's wholly-owned subsidiary, was merged with and into The First Bank. Under the terms of the BBI Merger Agreement, each share of BBI common stock and each share of BBI preferred stock was converted into the right to receive 0.1711 of a share of Company common stock (the "BBI Exchange Ratio"), and all stock options awarded under the BBI equity plans were converted automatically into an option to purchase shares of Company common stock on the same terms and conditions as applicable to each such BBI option as in effect immediately prior to the effective time, with the number of shares underlying each such option and the applicable exercise price adjusted based on the BBI Exchange Ratio. The BBI merger provides the opportunity for the Company to expand its operations in the Florida panhandle and enter the Tampa market. The Company paid consideration of $101.5 million to the former BBI shareholders including 3,498,936 shares of the Company's common stock and $1 thousand in cash in lieu of fractional shares, and also assumed options entitling the owners thereof to purchase an additional 310,427 shares of the Company's common stock.
In connection with the acquisition of BBI, the Company recorded $23.7 million of goodwill, of which $1.3 million funded the ACL for estimated losses on the acquired PCD loans, and $9.8 million core deposit intangible. Goodwill is not deductible for income taxes. The core deposit intangible will be amortized to expense over 10 years.
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The following table summarizes the finalized fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed including the goodwill generated from the transaction on August 1, 2022, along with valuation adjustments that have been made since initially reported.
($ in thousands)As Initially ReportedMeasurement Period AdjustmentsAs Adjusted
Purchase price:
Cash and stock$101,470 $— $101,470 
Total purchase price101,470 — 101,470 
Identifiable assets:
Cash$23,939 $— $23,939 
Investments22,907 (264)22,643 
Loans482,903 2,268 485,171 
Other real estate8,797 (580)8,217 
Bank owned life insurance10,092 — 10,092 
Core deposit intangible9,791 — 9,791 
Personal and real property13,825 (1,868)11,957 
Deferred tax asset28,105 (970)27,135 
Other assets9,649 (414)9,235 
Total assets610,008 (1,828)608,180 
Liabilities and equity:
Deposits490,588 3 490,591 
Borrowings25,000 — 25,000 
Other liabilities14,772 — 14,772 
Total liabilities530,360 3 530,363 
Net assets acquired79,648 (1,831)77,817 
Goodwill$21,822 $1,831 $23,653 
During the third quarter of 2023, the Company finalized its analysis and valuation adjustments that have been made to investments, loans, other real estate, personal and real property, deferred tax asset, other assets, and deposits.
NOTE 5 – EARNINGS APPLICABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS
Basic per share data is calculated based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted per share data includes any dilution from potential common stock outstanding, such as restricted stock grants. There were no anti-dilutive common stock equivalents excluded in the calculations.
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The following tables disclose the reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted computations applicable to common shareholders.
($ in thousands, except per share amount)Three Months Ended
September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended
September 30, 2023
Net Income
(Numerator)		Shares
(Denominator)		Per
Share Data		Net Income
(Numerator)		Shares
(Denominator)		Per
Share Data
Basic earnings per share$18,571 31,516,823 $0.59 $24,360 31,405,439 $0.78 
Effect of dilutive shares:
Restricted stock grants 196,562 204,125 
Diluted earnings per share$18,571 31,713,385 $0.59 $24,360 31,609,564 $0.77 
($ in thousands, except per share amount)For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2024		For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2023
Net Income
(Numerator)		Shares
(Denominator)		Per
Share Data		Net Income
(Numerator)		Shares
(Denominator)		Per
Share Data
Basic earnings per share$58,896 31,506,556 $1.87 $64,410 31,364,420 $2.05 
Effect of dilutive shares:
Restricted stock grants169,311 199,862 
Diluted earnings per share$58,896 31,675,867 $1.86 $64,410 31,564,282 $2.04 
The Company granted 141,457 shares and 118,689 shares of restricted stock in the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company granted 2,847 shares and 45,773 shares of restricted stock in the second quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company granted 2,800 shares and 2,711 shares of restricted stock in the third quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively.
NOTE 6 – COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
As presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), comprehensive income includes net income and other comprehensive income. The Company’s sources of other comprehensive income are unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, which are also recognized as separate components of equity.
NOTE 7 – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK
The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. At September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, these financial instruments consisted of the following:
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Fixed Rate
Variable RateFixed RateVariable Rate
Commitments to make loans$34,997 $50,348 $34,380 $50,226 
Unused lines of credit165,324 729,288 231,335 605,646 
Standby letters of credit13,346 15,514 15,573 13,114 
Commitments to make loans are generally made for periods of 90 days or less. The fixed rate loan commitments have interest rates ranging from 0.0% to 18.0% and maturities ranging from approximately 1 year to 30 years.
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ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (“ACL”) ON OFF BALANCE SHEET CREDIT (“OBSC”) EXPOSURES
The Company maintains a separate ACL on OBSC exposures, including unfunded commitments and letters of credit, which is included on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The ACL on OBSC exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life.
Changes in the ACL on OBSC exposures were as follows for the presented periods:
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Balance at beginning of period$2,075$2,075$2,075 $1,325 
Credit loss expense related to OBSC exposures——— 750 
Balance at end of period$2,075$2,075$2,075 $2,075 
Adjustments to the ACL on OBSC exposures are recorded to provision for credit losses related to OBSC exposures. The Company recorded no ACL provision for the three months period ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023. For the nine months period ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded no provision to the ACL on OBSC exposures compared to $750 thousand for the same period in 2023. The ACL on OBSC exposures for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 includes the day one provision for unfunded commitments related to the HSBI acquisition and an increase in unfunded commitments.
No credit loss estimate is reported for OBSC exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company or for undrawn amounts under such arrangements that may be drawn prior to the cancellation on the arrangement.
NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES AND REPORTING, THE FAIR VALUE OPTION AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the assets or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the factors that market participants would likely consider in pricing an asset or liability.
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company to estimate its financial instrument fair values disclosed at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
•Investment Securities: The fair value for investment securities is determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2), using matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique commonly used to price debt securities that are not actively traded, valuing debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3).
•Loans Held for Sale - Loans held for sale are carried at fair value in the aggregate as determined by the outstanding commitments from investors. As such, we classify those loans subjected to recurring fair value adjustments as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
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•Collateral Dependent Loans: Loans for which it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest due according to contractual terms are measured for impairment. If the impaired loan is identified as collateral dependent, then the fair value method of measuring the amount of impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available for similar loans and collateral underlying such loans. Such adjustments, if any, result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. The Company generally adjusts the appraisal down by approximately 10 percent to account for cost associated with litigation and collection. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment.
•Other Real Estate Owned: Other real estate owned consists of properties obtained through foreclosure. The adjustment at the time of foreclosure is recorded through the allowance for credit losses. Fair value of other real estate owned is based on current independent appraisals of the collateral less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals, which are updated no less frequently than annually. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach with data from comparable properties. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments, if any, result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. In the determination of fair value subsequent to foreclosure, management also considers other factors or recent developments, such as changes in market conditions from the time of valuation and anticipated sales values considering plans for disposition, which could result in an adjustment to lower the collateral value estimates indicated in the appraisals. The Company generally adjusts the appraisal down by approximately 10 percent to account for carrying costs. Periodic revaluations are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy since assumptions are used that may not be observable in the market. Due to the subjective nature of establishing the fair value when the asset is acquired, the actual fair value of the other real estate owned or foreclosed asset could differ from the original estimate. If it is determined the fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through other non-interest income. Operating costs associated with the assets after acquisition are also recorded as non-interest expense. Gains and losses on the disposition of other real estate owned and foreclosed assets are netted and recorded in other non-interest income. Other real estate owned is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
•Interest Rate Swaps: The Company offers interest rate swaps to certain commercial loan customers to allow them to hedge the risk of rising interest rates on their variable rate loans. The Company originates a variable rate loan and enters into a variable to fixed interest rate swap with the customer. The Company also enters into an offsetting swap with a correspondent bank. These back-to-back agreements are intended to offset each other and allow the Company to originate a variable rate loan, while providing the contract or fixed interest payments for the customer. In addition, the Company will enter into risk participation agreements ("RPA"). Under an RPA-in agreement, a derivative liability, the Company assumes, or participates in, a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position with the commercial borrower, for a fee received from the other bank. Under an RPA-out agreement, a derivative asset, the Company participates out a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position executed with the commercial borrower, for a fee paid to the participating bank. RPAs are derivative financial instruments recorded at fair value. Although we have determined that a majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit assumptions associated with our risk participation agreements utilize Level 3 inputs.
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Estimated fair values for the Company’s financial instruments are as follows, as of the dates noted:
September 30, 2024Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements
($ in thousands)
Quoted Prices
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial Instruments:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$214,135 $214,135 $214,135 $— $— 
Securities available-for-sale1,060,014 1,060,014 5,181 1,028,714 26,119 
Securities held-to-maturity602,328 574,750 — 574,750 — 
Loans held for sale2,987 2,987 — 2,987 — 
Loans, net5,262,890 5,023,940 — — 5,023,940 
Accrued interest receivable33,384 33,384 — 7,342 26,042 
  Interest rate swaps11,389 11,389 — 11,352 37 
Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits$1,796,746 $1,796,746 $— $1,796,746 $— 
Interest-bearing deposits4,763,966 4,702,034 — 4,702,034 — 
Subordinated debentures123,645 112,327 — — 112,327 
FHLB and other borrowings207,500 207,500 — 207,500 — 
Accrued interest payable13,720 13,720 — 13,720 — 
  Interest rate swaps11,388 11,388 — 11,352 36 
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December 31, 2023Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements
($ in thousands)
Quoted
Prices
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial Instruments:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$355,147 $355,147 $355,147 $— $— 
Securities available-for-sale1,039,322 1,039,322 16,675 1,004,434 18,213 
Securities held-to-maturity654,539 615,944 — 615,944 — 
Loans held for sale2,914 2,914 — 2,914 — 
Loans, net5,116,010 4,877,935 — — 4,877,935 
Accrued interest receivable33,300 33,300 — 8,632 24,668 
Interest rate swaps12,170 12,170 — 12,129 41 
Liabilities:
Non-interest-bearing deposits$1,849,013 $1,849,013 $— $1,849,013 $— 
Interest-bearing deposits4,613,859 4,430,227 — 4,430,227 — 
Subordinated debentures123,386 109,426 — — 109,426 
FHLB and other borrowings390,000 390,000 — 390,000 — 
Accrued interest payable22,702 22,702 — 22,702 — 
Interest rate swaps12,175 12,175 — 12,129 46 
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)Fair ValueFair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
For
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Available-for-sale
U.S. Treasury$5,181 $5,181 $— $— 
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and sponsored entities98,580 — 98,580 — 
Municipal securities420,701 — 394,611 26,090 
Mortgage-backed securities502,435 — 502,435 — 
Corporate obligations33,117 — 33,088 29 
Total available-for-sale$1,060,014 $5,181 $1,028,714 $26,119 
Loans held for sale$2,987 $— $2,987 $— 
Interest rate swaps$11,389 $— $11,352 $37 
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps$11,388 $— $11,352 $36 
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December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)
Fair ValueFair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
For
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Available-for-sale
U.S. Treasury$16,675 $16,675 $— $— 
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and sponsored entities104,923 — 104,923 — 
Municipal securities438,466 — 420,283 18,183 
Mortgage-backed securities441,661 — 441,661 — 
Corporate obligations37,597 — 37,567 30 
Total available-for-sale$1,039,322 $16,675 $1,004,434 $18,213 
Loans held for sale$2,914 $— $2,914 $— 
Interest rate swaps$12,170 $— $12,129 $41 
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps$12,175 $— $12,129 $46 
The following is a reconciliation of activity for assets measured at fair value based on significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) information.
Bank-Issued Trust
Preferred Securities
($ in thousands)20242023
Balance, January 1 $30 $31 
Paydowns(1)— 
Balance at September 30$29 $31 
Municipal Securities
($ in thousands)2024 2023
Balance, January 1 $18,183 $15,117 
Maturities, calls and paydowns(580)(532)
Transfer from level 2 to level 38,384 6,085 
Transfer from level 3 to level 2(270)— 
Unrealized gain (loss) included in comprehensive income 373 (1,177)
Balance at September 30$26,090 $19,493 
Interest Rate Swaps - Risk Participations
($ in thousands)20242023
Balance, January 1$(5)$— 
RPA-in10 11 
RPA-out(4)— 
Balance at September 30$1 $11 
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The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The following tables present quantitative information about recurring Level 3 fair value measurements.
($ in thousands)
Trust Preferred SecuritiesFair ValueValuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable
Inputs		Range of Inputs
September 30, 2024$29 Discounted cash flowProbability of default
7.09% - 7.45%
December 31, 2023$30 Discounted cash flowProbability of default
7.81% - 7.89%
Municipal SecuritiesFair ValueValuation TechniqueSignificant
Unobservable Inputs		Range of Inputs
September 30, 2024$26,090 Discounted cash flowDiscount Rate
2.60% - 5.56%
December 31, 2023$18,183 Discounted cash flowDiscount Rate
2.34% - 5.50%
Interest Rate Swaps - Risk ParticipationsFair ValueValuation TechniqueSignificant
Unobservable Inputs		Range of Inputs
September 30, 2024$1 Credit Value AdjustmentCredit Spread
225 bps - 300 bps
Recovery Rate70%
December 31, 2023$(5)Credit Value AdjustmentCredit Spread
225 bps - 300 bps
Recovery Rate70%
The following table presents the fair value measurement of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements were classified at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)Fair Value Measurements Using
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in
Active Markets
For
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Collateral dependent loans$2,894 $— $— $2,894 
Other real estate owned 7,314 — — 7,314 
December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)Fair Value Measurements Using
Fair ValueQuoted Prices in
Active Markets
For
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Collateral dependent loans$2,494 $— $— $2,494 
Other real estate owned8,320 — — 8,320 
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NOTE 9 - SECURITIES
The following table summarizes the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair values of securities available-for-sale (“AFS”) and securities held-to-maturity at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024
Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Estimated
Fair
Value
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury$5,294 $— $113 $5,181 
Obligations of U.S. government agencies and sponsored entities109,409 — 10,829 98,580 
Tax-exempt and taxable obligations of states and municipal subdivisions459,912 562 39,773 420,701 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential312,607 282 26,419 286,470 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial228,888 2,454 15,377 215,965 
Corporate obligations35,553 — 2,436 33,117 
Total available-for-sale$1,151,663 $3,298 $94,947 $1,060,014 
Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury$52,207 $— $1,306 $50,901 
Obligations of U.S. government agencies and sponsored entities32,946 3 1,003 31,946 
Tax-exempt and taxable obligations of states and municipal subdivisions245,240 8,980 12,028 242,192 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential131,045 — 11,177 119,868 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial130,890 11 9,408 121,493 
Corporate obligations10,000 — 1,650 8,350 
Total held-to-maturity$602,328 $8,994 $36,572 $574,750 
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($ in thousands)December 31, 2023
Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Estimated
Fair
Value
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury$16,985 $— $310 $16,675 
Obligations of U.S. government agencies sponsored entities119,868 1 14,946 104,923 
Tax-exempt and taxable obligations of states and municipal subdivisions486,293 449 48,276 438,466 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential297,735 11 34,430 263,316 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial198,944 76 20,675 178,345 
Corporate obligations41,347 — 3,750 37,597 
Total available-for-sale$1,161,172 $537 $122,387 $1,039,322 
Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury$89,688 $— $2,804 $86,884 
Obligations of U.S. government agencies and sponsored entities33,659 — 1,803 31,856 
Tax-exempt and taxable obligations of states and municipal subdivisions246,908 9,566 14,697 241,777 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential141,573 — 14,237 127,336 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial132,711 — 12,334 120,377 
Corporate obligations10,000 — 2,286 7,714 
Total held-to-maturity$654,539 $9,566 $48,161 $615,944 
ACL on Securities
Securities Available for Sale
Quarterly, the Company evaluates if a security has a fair value less than its amortized cost. Once these securities are identified, in order to determine whether a decline in fair value resulted from a credit loss or other factors, the Company performs further analysis as outlined below:
•Review the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost and determine if the decline is indicative of credit loss or other factors.
•The securities that violate the credit loss trigger above would be subjected to additional analysis.
•If the Company determines that a credit loss exists, the credit portion of the allowance will be measured using the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis using the effective interest rate. The amount of credit loss the Company records will be limited to the amount by which the amortized cost exceeds the fair value. The allowance for the calculated credit loss will be monitored going forward for further credit deterioration or improvement.
At both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the results of the analysis did not identify any securities where the decline was indicative of credit loss factors; therefore, no credit loss was recognized on any of the securities AFS.
Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses for securities AFS. Accrued interest receivable totaled $4.4 million and $5.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively and was reported in interest receivable on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet.
All AFS securities were current with no securities past due or on nonaccrual as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
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Securities Held to Maturity
At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the potential credit loss exposure was $216 thousand and $205 thousand, respectively and consisted of tax-exempt and taxable obligations of states and municipal subdivisions and corporate obligations securities. After applying appropriate probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) assumptions, the total amount of current expected credit losses was deemed immaterial. Therefore, no reserve was recorded at September 30, 2024.
Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses for securities held-to-maturity. Accrued interest receivable totaled $2.6 million and $3.4 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively and was reported in interest receivable on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet.
At both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no securities held-to-maturity that were past due 30 days or more as to principal or interest payments. The Company had no securities held-to-maturity classified as nonaccrual at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The Company monitors the credit quality of the debt securities held-to-maturity through the use of credit ratings. The Company monitors the credit ratings on a quarterly basis. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of debt securities held-to-maturity at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, aggregated by credit quality indicators.
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Aaa$381,093 $431,527 
Aa1/Aa2/Aa3114,940 129,751 
A1/A211,366 13,902 
BBB10,000 10,000 
Not rated84,929 69,359 
Total$602,328 $654,539 
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The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities are shown by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024
Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value
Available-for-sale:
Due less than one year$40,601 $40,444 
Due after one year through five years130,708 126,089 
Due after five years through ten years321,043 288,203 
Due greater than ten years117,816 102,843 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential312,607 286,470 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial228,888 215,965 
Total$1,151,663 $1,060,014 
Held-to-maturity:
Due less than one year$44,181 $43,784 
Due after one year through five years30,815 29,515 
Due after five years through ten years61,196 58,841 
Due greater than ten years204,201 201,249 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential131,045 119,868 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial130,890 121,493 
Total$602,328 $574,750 
Total securities pledged as collateral, to secure public deposits and for other purposes, was $1.115 billion at September 30, 2024 and $1.095 billion at December 31, 2023, respectively.

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The following table summarizes securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The securities are aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position:
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024
Losses < 12 MonthsLosses 12 Months or >Total
Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury$— $— $5,181 $113 $5,181 $113 
Obligations of U.S. government agencies and sponsored entities167 1 98,267 10,828 98,434 10,829 
Tax-exempt and taxable obligations of state and municipal subdivisions12,322 1,364 368,468 38,409 380,790 39,773 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential15 — 239,105 26,419 239,120 26,419 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial466 22 157,632 15,355 158,098 15,377 
Corporate obligations— — 33,117 2,436 33,117 2,436 
Total$12,970 $1,387 $901,770 $93,560 $914,740 $94,947 
Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury$— $— $50,901 $1,306 $50,901 $1,306 
Obligations of U.S. government agencies and sponsored entities— — 31,166 1,003 31,166 1,003 
Tax-exempt and taxable obligations of state and municipal subdivisions 7,297 85 101,870 11,943 109,167 12,028 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential— — 119,868 11,177 119,868 11,177 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial— — 120,560 9,408 120,560 9,408 
Corporate obligations— — 8,350 1,650 8,350 1,650 
Total$7,297 $85 $432,715 $36,487 $440,012 $36,572 
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($ in thousands)December 31, 2023
Losses < 12 MonthsLosses 12 Months or >Total
Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury$— $— $16,675 $310 $16,675 $310 
Obligations of U.S. government agencies and sponsored entities123 — 104,495 14,946 104,618 14,946 
Tax-exempt and taxable obligations of state and municipal subdivisions20,879 1,479 389,113 46,797 409,992 48,276 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential222 2 262,012 34,428 262,234 34,430 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial2,896 52 170,256 20,623 173,152 20,675 
Corporate obligations— — 37,597 3,750 37,597 3,750 
Total$24,120 $1,533 $980,148 $120,854 $1,004,268 $122,387 
Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury$— $— $86,884 $2,804 $86,884 $2,804 
Obligations of U.S. government agencies and sponsored entities747 5 31,109 1,798 31,856 1,803 
Tax-exempt and taxable obligations of state and municipal subdivisions10,472 3,949 91,480 10,748 101,952 14,697 
Mortgage-backed securities - residential— — 127,336 14,237 127,336 14,237 
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial920 2 119,457 12,332 120,377 12,334 
Corporate obligations— — 7,714 2,286 7,714 2,286 
Total$12,139 $3,956 $463,980 $44,205 $476,119 $48,161 
At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s securities portfolio consisted of 995 and 1,125 securities, respectively, which were in an unrealized loss position. Securities in unrealized loss positions are evaluated for impairment related to credit losses at least quarterly. The unrealized losses shown above are due to increases in market rates over the yields available at the time of purchase of the underlying securities and not credit quality. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company determined that it does not intend to sell and is not currently aware of any circumstances which will require it to sell any of the securities that are in an unrealized loss position prior to recovery of their amortized cost basis. As such, no allowance for credit losses was needed at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Equity Securities
In the third quarter of 2024, the Company reclassified one of its securities from AFS to Other Securities. The equity security consists of our investment in a market-rate bond mutual fund that invests in high quality fixed income bonds, mainly government agency securities whose proceeds are designed to positively impact community development throughout the United States. The mutual fund focuses exclusively on providing affordable housing to low- and moderate-income borrowers and renters, including Majority Minority Census Tracts. The 2023 financial statements have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform to the current period financial statement presentation.
As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company had equity securities with carrying values totaling $8.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively.
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During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized unrealized losses of $222 thousand and none during the same period in 2023 in net income on our equity securities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized an unrealized loss of $222 thousand and none for the same period in 2023 in net income on our equity securities. These unrealized gains and losses are recorded in the gain/loss on securities on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
NOTE 10 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The Company uses four different categories to classify loans in its portfolio based on the underlying collateral securing each loan. The loans grouped together in each category have been determined to share similar risk characteristics with respect to credit quality. Those four categories are commercial, financial and agriculture, commercial real estate, consumer real estate, consumer installment;
Commercial, financial and agriculture – Commercial, financial and agriculture loans include loans to business entities issued for commercial, industrial, or other business purposes. This type of commercial loan shares a similar risk characteristic in that unlike commercial real estate loans, repayment is largely dependent on cash flow generated from the operation of the business.
Commercial real estate – Commercial real estate loans are grouped as such because repayment is mainly dependent upon either the sale of the real estate, operation of the business occupying the real estate, or refinance of the debt obligation. This includes both owner-occupied and non-owner occupied CRE secured loans, because they share similar risk characteristics related to these variables.
Consumer real estate – Consumer real estate loans consist primarily of loans secured by 1-4 family residential properties and/or residential lots. This includes loans for the purpose of constructing improvements on the residential property, as well as home equity lines of credit.
Consumer installment – Installment and other loans are all loans issued to individuals that are not for any purpose related to operation of a business, and not secured by real estate. Repayment on these loans is mostly dependent on personal income, which may be impacted by general economic conditions.
The following table shows the composition of the loan portfolio:
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Loans held for sale
Mortgage loans held for sale$2,987 $2,914 
Total LHFS$2,987 $2,914 
Loans held for investment
Commercial, financial and agriculture (1)$748,664 $800,324 
Commercial real estate3,235,566 3,059,155 
Consumer real estate1,287,144 1,252,795 
Consumer installment47,216 57,768 
Total loans5,318,590 5,170,042 
Less allowance for credit losses(55,700)(54,032)
Net LHFI$5,262,890 $5,116,010 
____________________________________________________________
(1)
Loan balance includes $256 thousand and $386 thousand in Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Accrued interest receivable is not included in the amortized cost basis of the Company’s LHFI. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable for LHFI totaled $26.0 million and $24.7 million, respectively, with no related ACL and was reported in interest receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
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Nonaccrual and Past Due LHFI
Past due LHFI are loans contractually past due 30 days or more as to principal or interest payments. Generally, the Company will place a delinquent loan in nonaccrual status when the loan becomes 90 days or more past due. At the time a loan is placed in nonaccrual status, all interest which has been accrued on the loan but remains unpaid is reversed and deducted from earnings as a reduction of reported interest income. No additional interest is accrued on the loan balance until the collection of both principal and interest becomes reasonably certain.
The following tables present the aging of the amortized cost basis in past due loans in addition to those loans classified as nonaccrual including purchase credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans:
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024
Past Due
30 to 89
Days		Past Due
90 Days
or More and
Still Accruing		NonaccrualPCDTotal
Past Due,
Nonaccrual
and PCD		Total
LHFI		Nonaccrual
and PCD
with No ACL
Commercial, financial and agriculture (1)$2,660 $527 $667 $342 $4,196 $748,664 $270 
Commercial real estate3,962 — 8,387 456 12,805 3,235,566 837 
Consumer real estate7,440 928 3,709 2,609 14,686 1,287,144 1,643 
Consumer installment245 — 114 — 359 47,216 13 
Total$14,307 $1,455 $12,877 $3,407 $32,046 $5,318,590 $2,763 
___________________________________________________________
(1)
Total loan balance includes $256 thousand in PPP loans as of September 30, 2024.
December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)Past Due
30 to 89
Days		Past Due 90
Days or
More and
Still Accruing		NonaccrualPCDTotal
Past Due,
Nonaccrual
and PCD		Total
LHFI		Nonaccrual
and PCD
with No ACL
Commercial, financial and agriculture (1)$2,043 $313 $353 $965 $3,674 $800,324 $465 
Commercial real estate1,698 630 3,790 647 6,765 3,059,155 410 
Consumer real estate3,992 220 1,806 3,098 9,116 1,252,795 680 
Consumer installment180 — 31 — 211 57,768 — 
Total$7,913 $1,163 $5,980 $4,710 $19,766 $5,170,042 $1,555 
___________________________________________________________
(1)
Total loan balance includes $386 thousand in PPP loans as of December 31, 2023.
Acquired Loans
In connection with the acquisitions of HSBI and BBI, the Company acquired loans both with and without evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination. Acquired loans are recorded at their fair value at the time of acquisition with no carryover from the acquired institution's previously recorded allowance for credit losses. Acquired loans are accounted for following ASC 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses.
The fair value for acquired loans recorded at the time of acquisition is based upon several factors including the timing and payment of expected cash flows, as adjusted for estimated credit losses and prepayments, and then discounting these cash flows using comparable market rates. The resulting fair value adjustment is recorded in the form of premium or discount to the unpaid principal balance of each acquired loan. As it relates to acquired PCD loans, the net premium or net discount is adjusted to reflect the Company's allowance for credit losses ("ACL") recorded for PCD loans at the time of acquisition, and the remaining fair value adjustment is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan. As it relates to acquired loans not classified as PCD ("non-PCD") loans, the credit loss and yield components of the fair value adjustments are aggregated, and the resulting net premium or net discount is accreted or amortized into
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interest income over the average remaining life of those loans. The Company records an ACL for non-PCD loans at the time of acquisition through provision expense, and therefore, no further adjustments are made to the net premium or net discount for non-PCD loans.
The estimated fair value of the non-PCD loans acquired in the BBI acquisition was $460.0 million, which is net of a $8.8 million discount. The gross contractual amounts receivable of the acquired non-PCD loans at acquisition was approximately $468.8 million, of which $6.4 million is the amount of contractual cash flows not expected to be collected.
The estimated fair value of the non-PCD acquired in the HSBI acquisition was $1.091 billion, which is net of a $33.7 million discount. The gross contractual amounts receivable of the acquired non-PCD loans at acquisition was approximately $1.125 billion, of which $16.5 million is the amount of contractual cash flows not expected to be collected.
The following table shows the carrying amount of loans acquired in the BBI and HSBI acquisitions for which there was, at the date of acquisition, more than insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination:
($ in thousands)BBIHSBI
Purchase price of loans at acquisition$27,669 $52,356 
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition1,303 3,176 
Non-credit discount (premium) at acquisition530 2,325 
Par value of acquired loans at acquisition$29,502 $57,857 
As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023 the amortized cost of the Company’s PCD loans totaled $50.8 million and $57.8 million, respectively, which had an estimated ACL of $2.7 million and $3.7 million, respectively.
Loan Modifications
The Company adopted ASU No. 2022-02 effective January 1, 2023. These amendments eliminate the TDR recognition and measurement guidance and enhanced disclosures for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, and other-than-insignificant payment delay or interest rate reduction. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged-off against the allowance for credit losses.
In some cases, the Company provides multiple types of concessions on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. For loans included in the "combination" columns below, multiple types of modifications have been made on the same loan within the current reporting period. The combination is at least two of the following: a term extension, principal forgiveness, an other-than-insignificant payment delay and/or an interest rate reduction.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below:
($ in thousands)
September 30, 2024Payment DelayPayment ModificationTerm ExtensionPercentage of Total Loans Held for Investment
Commercial, financial and agriculture $43 $100 $— 0.01 %
Commercial real estate— — 720 0.02 %
Consumer real estate— 24 761 0.06 %
Total$43 $124 $1,481 0.03 %
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September 30, 2023Term ExtensionPercentage of Total Loans Held for Investment
Consumer real estate$413 0.01 %
Total$413 0.01 %
The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to the borrowers included in the previous table.
Collateral Dependent Loans
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent individually evaluated loans by class of loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
($ in thousands)
September 30, 2024Real PropertyEquipmentMiscellaneousTotal
Commercial, financial and agriculture$— $72 $399 $471 
Commercial real estate838 — — 838 
Consumer real estate1,762 — — 1,762 
Consumer installment— — 13 13 
Total$2,600 $72 $412 $3,084 
December 31, 2023Real PropertyEquipmentMiscellaneousTotal
Commercial, financial and agriculture$—$496 $918 $1,414 
Commercial real estate710— — 710 
Consumer real estate778— — 778 
Total$1,488$496 $918 $2,902
A loan is collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral. The following provides a qualitative description by class of loan of the collateral that secures the Company’s collateral dependent LHFI:
•Commercial, financial and agriculture – Loans within these loan classes are secured by equipment, inventory, accounts receivable, and other non-real estate collateral.
•Commercial real estate – Loans within these loan classes are secured by commercial real property.
•Consumer real estate - Loans within these loan classes are secured by consumer real property.
•Consumer installment - Loans within these loan classes are secured by consumer goods, equipment, and non-real estate collateral.
There have been no significant changes to the collateral that secures these financial assets during the period.
Loan Participations
The Company has loan participations, which qualify as participating interest, with other financial institutions. As of September 30, 2024, these loans totaled $325.5 million, of which $181.5 million had been sold to other financial institutions and $144.0 million was purchased by the Company. As of December 31, 2023, these loans totaled $304.0 million, of which $165.9 million had been sold to other financial institutions and $138.1 million was purchased by the Company. The loan participations convey proportionate ownership rights with equal priority to each participating interest holder; involving no recourse (other than ordinary representations and warranties) to, or subordination by, any participating interest holder; all cash flows are divided among the participating interest holders in proportion to each holder’s share of ownership; and no holder has the right to pledge the entire financial asset unless all participating interest holders agree.
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Credit Quality Indicators
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
Pass: Loans classified as pass are deemed to possess average to superior credit quality, requiring no more than normal attention.
Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date.
Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.
These above classifications were the most current available as of September 30, 2024, and were generally updated within the prior year.

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The tables below present the amortized cost basis of loans by credit quality indicator and class of loans based on the most recent analysis performed at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Revolving loans converted to term as of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were not material to the total loan portfolio.
As of September 30, 2024Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving
Loans		Total
($ in thousands)20242023202220212020Prior
Commercial, financial and
agriculture:
Risk Rating
Pass$92,130 $88,294 $110,651 $88,411 $34,074 $80,766 $240,163 $734,489 
Special mention— 1,103 73 628 2,368 759 4,933 9,864 
Substandard— 908 544 369 293 1,530 667 4,311 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total commercial, financial and agriculture$92,130 $90,305 $111,268 $89,408 $36,735 $83,055 $245,763 $748,664 
Current period gross write offs$— $70 $159 $287 $11 $305 $— $832 
Commercial real estate:
Risk Rating
Pass$353,455 $392,267 $824,061 $512,024 $340,788 $720,312 $3,364 $3,146,271 
Special mention1,374 — 1,340 5,827 2,929 19,831 — 31,301 
Substandard583 1,425 12,850 4,623 1,556 36,957 — 57,994 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total commercial real estate$355,412 $393,692 $838,251 $522,474 $345,273 $777,100 $3,364 $3,235,566 
Current period gross write offs$— $— $— $20 $— $71 $— $91 
Consumer real estate:
Risk Rating
Pass$141,382 $152,809 $303,506 $197,321 $117,042 $193,986 $156,879 $1,262,925 
Special mention— — 423 489 — 1,815 668 3,395 
Substandard403 1,382 3,611 1,372 2,294 8,964 2,798 20,824 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total consumer real estate$141,785 $154,191 $307,540 $199,182 $119,336 $204,765 $160,345 $1,287,144 
Current period gross write offs$— $— $357 $— $— $18 $— $375 
Consumer installment:
Risk Rating
Pass$12,992 $12,498 $7,411 $4,862 $1,628 $1,431 $6,200 $47,022 
Special mention— 52 89 9 27 — 17 194 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total consumer installment$12,992 $12,550 $7,500 $4,871 $1,655 $1,431 $6,217 $47,216 
Current period gross write offs$94 $289 $182 $87 $58 $882 $32 $1,624 
Total
Pass$599,959 $645,868 $1,245,629 $802,618 $493,532 $996,495 $406,606 $5,190,707 
Special mention1,374 1,155 1,925 6,953 5,324 22,405 5,618 44,754 
Substandard986 3,715 17,005 6,364 4,143 47,451 3,465 83,129 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total$602,319 $650,738 $1,264,559 $815,935 $502,999 $1,066,351 $415,689 $5,318,590 
Current period gross write offs$94 $359 $698 $394 $69 $1,276 $32 $2,922 
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As of December 31, 2023Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving
Loans		Total
($ in thousands)20232022202120202019Prior
Commercial, financial and:
agriculture
Risk Rating
Pass$102,263 $150,420 $113,487 $47,313 $36,065 $64,020 $281,646 $795,214 
Special mention— — — 141 797 3 10 951 
Substandard451 330 121 185 550 1,894 628 4,159 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total commercial, financial and agriculture$102,714 $150,750 $113,608 $47,639 $37,412 $65,917 $282,284 $800,324 
Current period gross write offs$14 $51 $225 $139 $206 $110 $— $745 
Commercial real estate:        
Risk Rating
Pass$385,954 $825,505 $558,742 $377,085 $253,746 $569,428 $6,397 $2,976,857 
Special mention— 660 6,118 3,111 9,545 22,648 — 42,082 
Substandard136 7,293 393 566 5,427 26,401 — 40,216 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total commercial real estate$386,090 $833,458 $565,253 $380,762 $268,718 $618,477 $6,397 $3,059,155 
Current period gross write offs$— $— $193 $— $— $57 $— $250 
Consumer real estate:        
Risk Rating
Pass$176,144 $334,056 $219,071 $127,539 $59,615 $163,464 $153,821 $1,233,710 
Special mention— 1,081 — — 643 3,246 412 5,382 
Substandard502 404 511 1,559 514 6,988 3,225 13,703 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total consumer real estate$176,646 $335,541 $219,582 $129,098 $60,772 $173,698 $157,458 $1,252,795 
Current period gross write offs$5 $19 $— $— $— $25 $— $49 
Consumer installment:
Risk Rating
Pass$24,482 $12,408 $7,316 $2,919 $1,213 $1,195 $8,156 $57,689 
Special mention— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— 8 17 42 11 — 1 79 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total consumer installment$24,482 $12,416 $7,333 $2,961 $1,224 $1,195 $8,157 $57,768 
Current period gross write offs$226 $567 $223 $179 $156 $576 $121 $2,048 
Total
Pass$688,843 $1,322,389 $898,616 $554,856 $350,639 $798,107 $450,020 $5,063,470 
Special mention— 1,741 6,118 3,252 10,985 25,897 422 48,415 
Substandard1,089 8,035 1,042 2,352 6,502 35,283 3,854 58,157 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total $689,932 $1,332,165 $905,776 $560,460 $368,126 $859,287 $454,296 $5,170,042 
Current period gross write offs$245 $637 $641 $318 $362 $768 $121 $3,092 
Allowance for Credit Losses
The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. It is comprised of a general allowance for loans that are collectively assessed in pools with similar risk characteristics and a specific allowance for individually assessed loans. The allowance is continuously monitored by management to maintain a level adequate to absorb expected losses inherent in the loan portfolio.
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The ACL represents the estimated losses for financial assets accounted for on an amortized cost basis. Expected losses are calculated using relevant information, from internal and external sources, about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environment conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors. Management may selectively apply external market data to subjectively adjust the Company’s own loss history including index or peer data. Expected losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans, adjusted for expected prepayments. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications. Loans are charged-off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed and recoveries are credited to the allowance when received. Expected recovery amounts may not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off.
The ACL is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Generally, collectively assessed loans are grouped by call code (segments). Segmenting loans by call code will group loans that contain similar types of collateral and purposes and are usually structured with similar terms making each loan’s risk profile very similar to the rest in that segment. Each of these segments then flows up into one of the four bands, Commercial, Financial, and Agriculture, Commercial Real Estate, Consumer Real Estate, and Consumer Installment. In accordance with the guidance in ASC 326, the Company redefined its LHFI portfolio segments and related loan classes based on the level at which risk is monitored within the ACL methodology. Construction loans for 1-4 family residential properties with a call code 1A1, and other construction, all land development and other land loans with a call code 1A2 were previously separated between the Commercial Real Estate or Consumer Real Estate bands based on loan type code. Under our ASC 326 methodology 1A1 loans are all defined as part of the Consumer Real Estate band and 1A2 loans are all defined as part of the Commercial Real Estate Band.
The PD calculation analyzes the historical loan portfolio over the given lookback period to identify, by segment, loans that have defaulted. A default is defined as a loan that has moved to past due 90 days and greater, nonaccrual status, or experienced a charge-off during the period. The model observes loans over a 12-month window, detecting any events previously defined. This information is then used by the model to calculate annual iterative count-based PD rates for each segment. This process is then repeated for all dates within the historical data range. These averaged PD’s are used for an immediate reversion back to the historical mean. The historical data used to calculate this input was captured by the Company from 2009 through the most recent quarter end.
The Company utilizes reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions when estimating the ACL on loans. The model’s calculation also includes a 24-month forecasted PD based on a regression model that calculated a comparison of the Company’s historical loan data to various national economic metrics during the same periods. The results showed the Company’s past losses having a high rate of correlation to unemployment, both regionally and nationally. Using this information, along with the most recently published Wall Street Journal survey of sixty economists’ forecasts predicting unemployment rates out over the next eight quarters, a corresponding future PD can be calculated for the forward-looking 24-month period. This data can also be used to predict loan losses at different levels of stress, including a baseline, adverse and severely adverse economic condition. After the forecast period, PD rates revert to the historical mean of the entire data set.
The LGD calculation is based on actual losses (charge-offs, net recoveries) at a loan level experienced over the entire lookback period aggregated to get a total for each segment of loans. The aggregate loss amount is divided by the exposure at default to determine an LGD rate. Defaults occurring during the lookback period are included in the denominator, whether a loss occurred or not and exposure at default is determined by the loan balance immediately preceding the default event. If there is not a minimum of five past defaults in a loan segment, or less than 15.0% calculated LGD rate, or the total balance at default is less than 1% of the balance in the respective call code as of the model run date, a proxy index is used. This index is proprietary to the Company’s ACL modeling vendor derived from loss data of other client institutions similar in organization structure to the Company. The vendor also provides a “crisis” index derived from loss data between the post-recessionary years of 2008-2013 that the Company uses.
The model then uses these inputs in a non-discounted version of DCF methodology to calculate the quantitative portion of estimated losses. The model creates loan level amortization schedules that detail out the expected monthly payments for a loan including estimated prepayments and payoffs. These expected cash flows are discounted back to present value using the loan’s coupon rate instead of the effective interest rate.
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On a quarterly basis, the Company uses internal credit portfolio data, such as changes in portfolio volume and composition, underwriting practices, and levels of past due loans, nonaccruals and classified assets along with other external information not used in the quantitative calculation to determine if any subjective qualitative adjustments are required so that all significant risks are incorporated to form a sufficient basis to estimate credit losses.
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Commercial,
Financial and
Agriculture		Commercial
Real Estate		Consumer
Real Estate		Consumer
Installment		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$8,731 $30,101 $15,560 $741 $55,133 
Provision for credit losses349 565 (67)153 1,000 
Loans charged-off(404)— (81)(901)(1,386)
Recoveries 232 18 22 681 953 
Total ending allowance balance$8,908 $30,684 $15,434 $674 $55,700 
($ in thousands)Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Commercial,
Financial and
Agriculture		Commercial
Real Estate		Consumer
Real Estate		Consumer
Installment		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$8,844 $29,125 $15,260 $803 $54,032 
Provision for credit losses652 1,093 493 412 2,650 
Loans charged-off(832)(91)(375)(1,624)(2,922)
Recoveries244 557 56 1,083 1,940 
Total ending allowance balance$8,908 $30,684 $15,434 $674 $55,700 
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Commercial,
Financial and
Agriculture		Commercial
Real Estate		Consumer
Real Estate		Consumer
Installment		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$8,972 $28,726 $14,123 $793 $52,614 
Provision for credit losses(709)389 919 401 1,000 
Loans charged-off(48)(27)(21)(533)(629)
Recoveries277 15 142 146 580 
Total ending allowance balance$8,492 $29,103 $15,163 $807 $53,565 
($ in thousands)Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Commercial,
Financial and
Agriculture		Commercial
Real Estate		Consumer
Real Estate		Consumer
Installment		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$6,349$20,389$11,599$580$38,917
Initial allowance on PCD loans7272,260 18273,176 
Provision for credit losses1,5546,3803,2031,36312,500
Loans charged-off(472)(27)(45)(1,551)(2,095)
Recoveries3341012244081,067
Total ending allowance balance$8,492$29,103$15,163$807$53,565
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The Company recorded $2.7 million provision for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $12.5 million provision for the same period in 2023. During January 2023, loans totaling $1.159 billion, net of purchase accounting adjustments, were acquired in the HSBI acquisition. The initial ACL on PCD loans recorded in March 2023, of $3.2 million was related to the HSBI acquisition. The 2023 provision for credit losses includes $10.7 million associated with day one post-merger accounting provision recorded for non-PCD loans and unfunded commitments acquired in the HSBI acquisition.
The following table provides the ending balance in the Company’s LHFI and the ACL, broken down by portfolio segment as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
($ in thousands)
September 30, 2024Commercial,
Financial and
Agriculture		Commercial
Real Estate		Consumer
Real Estate		Consumer
Installment		Total
LHFI
Individually evaluated$471 $838 $1,762 $13 $3,084 
Collectively evaluated748,193 3,234,728 1,285,382 47,203 5,315,506 
Total$748,664 $3,235,566 $1,287,144 $47,216 $5,318,590 
Allowance for Credit Losses     
Individually evaluated$190 $— $— $— $190 
Collectively evaluated8,718 30,684 15,434 674 55,510 
Total$8,908 $30,684 $15,434 $674 $55,700 
($ in thousands)
December 31, 2023Commercial,
Financial and
Agriculture		Commercial
Real Estate		Consumer
Real Estate		Consumer
Installment		Total
LHFI
Individually evaluated$1,414 $710 $778 $— $2,902 
Collectively evaluated798,910 3,058,445 1,252,017 57,768 5,167,140 
Total$800,324 $3,059,155 $1,252,795 $57,768 $5,170,042 
Allowance for Credit Losses     
Individually evaluated$408 $— $— $— $408 
Collectively evaluated8,436 29,125 15,260 803 53,624 
Total$8,844 $29,125 $15,260 $803 $54,032 
NOTE 11 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements primarily to facilitate the risk management strategies of certain commercial customers. The interest rate swap agreements entered into by the Company are entered into under what is referred to as a back-to-back interest rate swap, as such, the net positions are offsetting assets and liabilities, as well as income and expenses and risk participation.
Under a back-to-back interest rate swap program, all derivative instruments are recorded in the consolidated statement of financial condition at their respective fair values, as components of other assets and other liabilities. The Company enters into an interest rate swap with the customer and another offsetting swap with a counterparty. The result is two mirrored interest rate swaps, absent a credit event, which will offset in the financial statements. These swaps are not designated as hedging instruments and are recorded at fair value in other assets and other liabilities. The change in fair value is recognized in the income statement as other income and fees.
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Risk participation agreements are derivative financial instruments and are recorded at fair value. These derivatives are not designated as hedges and therefore, changes in fair value are recorded directly through earnings at each reporting period. Under a risk participation-out agreement, a derivative asset, the Company participates out a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position executed with the commercial borrower, for a fee paid to the participating bank. Under a risk participation-in agreement, a derivative liability, the Company assumes, or participates in, a portion of the credit risk associated with the interest rate swap position with the commercial borrower, for a fee received from the other bank. The Company has two risk participation-in swaps and one risk participation-out swap at September 30, 2024.
The following table provides outstanding interest rate swaps as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

($ in thousands)
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Notional amount$567,891 $493,290 
Weighted average pay rate5.5 %5.2 %
Weighted average receive rate5.5 %5.2 %
Weighted average maturity in years4.965.39

The following table provides the fair value of interest rate swap contracts at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 included in other assets and other liabilities.

($ in thousands)
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Derivative AssetsDerivative LiabilitiesDerivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
Interest rate swap contracts$11,389 $11,388 12,170 $12,175 

The Company also enters into a collateral agreement with the counterparty requiring the Company to post cash or
cash equivalent collateral to mitigate the credit risk in the transaction. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $650 thousand and $500 thousand, respectively, of collateral posted with its counterparties, which is included in the consolidated statement of financial condition as cash and cash equivalents as "restricted cash". The Company also receives a swap spread to compensate it for the credit exposure it takes on the customer-facing portion of the transaction and this upfront cash payment from the counterparty is recorded in other income, net of any transaction execution expenses, in the consolidated statement of operations. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, net swap spread income included in other income was $501 thousand compared to $344 thousand for the same period in 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net swap spread income included in other income was $782 thousand and $839 thousand for the same period in 2023.

Entering into derivative contracts potentially exposes the Company to the risk of counterparties' failure to fulfill their legal obligations, including, but not limited to, potential amounts due or payable under each derivative contract. Notional principal amounts are often used to express the volume of these transactions, but the amounts potentially subject to credit risk are much smaller. The Company assesses the credit risk of its dealer counterparties by regularly monitoring publicly available credit rating information, evaluating other market indicators, and periodically reviewing detailed financials.

The Company records the fair value of its interest rate swap contracts separately within other assets and other liabilities as current accounting rules do not permit the netting of customer and counterparty fair value amounts in the consolidated statement of financial condition.
NOTE 12 – RECLASSIFICATION
Certain amounts in the 2023 financial statements have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform to the current period financial statement presentation.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements made or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company (the “Report”) which are not statements of historical fact, including those under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and elsewhere in this Report, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of, and subject to the protections of, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to the Company’s beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, targets, expectations, anticipations, assumptions, estimates, intentions and future performance and involve known and unknown risks, many of which are beyond the Company’s control and which may cause the Company’s actual results, performance or achievements or the financial services industry or economy generally, to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements through the Company’s use of words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “assumes,” “predicts,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “intends,” “targets,” “estimates,” “projects,” “seek,” “plans,” “potential,” “aim,” and other similar words and expressions of the future or otherwise regarding the outlook for the Company’s future business and financial performance and/or the performance of the financial services industry and economy in general. Forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of the Company’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements in this document. Many of these factors are beyond the Company’s ability to control or predict. Other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
•negative impacts on our business, profitability and our stock price that could result from prolonged periods of inflation;
•risks and uncertainties relating to recent, pending or potential future mergers or acquisitions, including risks related to the planned Renasant Merger, including the fluctuation of the market value of the consideration to be paid to the Company's shareholders in the Renasant Merger, the risks related to combining our businesses, expenses related to the Renasant Merger and integration of the combined entity, the risks that the Renasant Merger may not occur, and the risk of litigation related to the Renasant Merger;
•the risk that a future economic downturn and contraction, including a recession, could have a material adverse effect on our capital, financial condition, credit quality, results of operations and future growth, including the risk that the strength of the current economic environment could be weakened by the continued impact of elevated interest rates, and inflation;
•disruptions to the financial markets as a result of the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, including Russia’s military action in Ukraine, the conflict in Israel and surrounding areas, terrorism or other geopolitical events;
•governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve;
•the costs and effects of litigation, investigations, inquiries or similar matters, or adverse facts and developments related thereto, including the costs and effects of litigation related to our participation in government stimulus programs associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and related variants;
•reduced earnings due to higher credit losses generally and specifically because losses in the sectors of our loan portfolio secured by real estate are greater than expected due to economic factors, including declining residential and commercial real estate values, elevated interest rates, increasing unemployment, or changes in payment behavior or other factors occurring in those areas;
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•general economic conditions, either nationally or regionally and especially in our primary service area, becoming less favorable than expected resulting in, among other things, a deterioration in credit quality;
•adverse changes in asset quality and resulting credit risk-related losses and expenses;
•ability of borrowers to repay loans, which can be adversely affected by a number of factors, including changes in economic conditions, adverse trends or events affecting business industry groups, reductions in real estate values or markets, business closings or lay-offs, natural disasters, public health emergencies and international instability;
•developments in our mortgage banking business, including loan modifications, general demand, and the effects of judicial or regulatory requirements or guidance;
•changes in laws and regulations affecting our businesses, including governmental monetary and fiscal policies, legislation and regulations relating to bank products and services, as well as changes in the enforcement and interpretation of such laws and regulations by applicable governmental and self-regulatory agencies, which could require us to change certain business practices, increase compliance risk, reduce our revenue, impose additional costs on us, or otherwise negatively affect our businesses;
•the financial impact of future tax legislation;
•changes in political conditions or the legislative or regulatory environment, including the possibility that the U.S. could default on its debt obligations;
•the adequacy of the level of our allowance for credit losses and the amount of credit loss provisions required to replenish the allowance in future periods;
•reduced earnings due to higher credit losses because our loans are concentrated by loan type, industry segment, borrower type, or location of the borrower or collateral;
•changes in the interest rate environment which could reduce anticipated or actual margins;
•increased funding costs due to market illiquidity, increased competition for funding, higher interest rates, and increased regulatory requirements with regard to funding;
•results of examinations by our regulatory authorities, including the possibility that the regulatory authorities may, among other things, require us to increase our allowance for credit losses through additional credit loss provisions or write-down of our assets;
•the rate of delinquencies and amount of loans charged-off;
•the impact of our efforts to raise capital on our financial position, liquidity, capital, and profitability;
•significant increases in competition in the banking and financial services industries;
•changes in the securities markets;
•significant turbulence or a disruption in the capital or financial markets and the effect of a fall in stock market prices on our investment securities;
•loss of consumer confidence and economic disruptions resulting from national disasters or terrorist activities;
•a deterioration of the credit rating for U.S. long-term sovereign debt, actions that the U.S. government may take to avoid exceeding the debt ceiling, and uncertainties surrounding the debt ceiling and the federal budget;
•the risk that the regulatory environment may not be conducive to or may prohibit the consummation of future mergers and/or business combinations, may increase the length of time and amount of resources required to consummate such transactions, and may reduce the anticipated benefit;
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•our ability to retain our existing customers, including our deposit relationships;
•changes occurring in business conditions and inflation;
•changes in technology or risks to cybersecurity;
•changes in deposit flows;
•changes in accounting principles, policies, or guidelines;
•our ability to maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting; and
•other risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
We have based our forward-looking statements on our current expectations about future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in and the assumptions underlying our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that these expectations will be achieved, or the assumptions will be accurate. The Company disclaims any obligation to update such factors or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements included herein to reflect future events or developments. Additional information concerning these risks and uncertainties is contained in Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 "the Company's 2023 Form 10-K" and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, available at the SEC’s website, http://www.sec.gov.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Accounting policies considered critical to our financial results include the allowance for credit losses and related provision, income taxes, goodwill, and business combinations. The most critical of these is the accounting policy related to the allowance for credit losses. The allowance is based in large measure upon management’s evaluation of borrowers’ abilities to make loan payments, local and national economic conditions, and other subjective factors. If any of these factors were to deteriorate, management would update its estimates and judgments which may require additional loss provisions. The Company’s critical accounting policies are discussed in detail in Note B “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K.
OVERVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS SUMMARY
Third quarter 2024 compared to Third quarter 2023
Net income available to common shareholders for the third quarter of 2024 totaled $18.6 million compared to $24.4 million for the third quarter of 2023, a decrease of $5.8 million or 23.8%. This decrease is largely attributable to a decrease in a U.S. Treasury award of $6.2 million and a decrease in other non-interest expense of $5.2 million, offset by a decrease in net interest income of $1.7 million and increases in salaries and acquisition charges of $2.3 million and $2.0 million, respectively.
Excluding one-time items detailed in the tables below, net earnings available to common shareholders, operating (non-GAAP) decreased $3.5 million, or 14.7%, to $20.5 million for quarter ended September 30, 2024, as compared to $24.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. This decrease is largely attributable to a decrease in a U.S. Treasury award of $6.2 million and a decrease in other non-interest expense of $5.2 million, offset by a decrease in net interest income of $1.7 million and increases in salaries of $2.3 million.
Net interest income for the third quarter of 2024 was $59.0 million, a decrease of $1.7 million or 2.8% when compared to the third quarter of 2023. Fully tax equivalent (“FTE”) net interest income (non-GAAP) totaled $60.0 million
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and $61.7 million for the third quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease was largely due to a decrease in purchase accounting adjustments of $2.3 million for the third quarter comparisons.     
Third quarter of 2024 net interest margin was 3.33%, which included 11 basis points related to purchase accounting adjustments compared to 3.47% for the same quarter in 2023, which included 25 basis points related to purchase accounting adjustments. Excluding the purchase accounting adjustments, the core net interest margin (non-GAAP) increased 11 basis points in prior year quarterly comparison primarily due to an increase in rates on loans, partially offset by a corresponding increase in rates on interest bearing liabilities.
Non-interest income decreased $7.1 million for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to the third quarter of 2023. A decrease in U.S. Treasury awards of $6.2 million accounted for a majority of the change.
Third quarter 2024 non-interest expense was $46.4 million, a decrease of $1.3 million, or 2.8%, as compared to the third quarter of 2023. Excluding acquisition charges, non-interest expense decreased $3.3 million of which salaries and employee benefits increased $2.3 million offset by a decrease in other expenses of $5.2 million.
Investment securities totaled $1.715 billion, or 21.5% of total assets at September 30, 2024, compared to $1.836 billion, or 23.3%, of total assets at September 30, 2023. For the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023, the average balance of investment securities decreased $168.2 million. The average yield on investment securities increased 30 basis points to 2.56% from 2.26% in the prior year quarterly comparison. The investment portfolio had a net unrealized loss of $91.6 million at September 30, 2024 as compared to a net unrealized loss of $184.9 million at September 30, 2023.
The average yield on all earning assets increased 37 basis points in prior year quarterly comparison, from 4.90% for the third quarter of 2023 to 5.27% for the third quarter of 2024. Interest expense on average interest bearing liabilities increased 67 basis points from 2.05% for the third quarter of 2023 to 2.72% for the third quarter of 2024.
Cost of all deposits averaged 183 basis points for the third quarter of 2024 compared to 121 basis points for the third quarter of 2023.
First nine months 2024 compared to First nine months 2023
In the year-over-year comparison, net income available to common shareholders decreased $5.5 million, or 8.6%, from $64.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, to $58.9 million for the same period ended September 30, 2024.

Net interest income was $174.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $17.5 million as compared to the same period ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to an increase in interest expense on deposits partially offset by an increase in loan interest income.

Non-interest income was $38.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $6.1 million as compared to the same period ended September 30, 2023. A decrease in U.S. Treasury awards of $6.2 million accounted for the change.

Non-interest expense was $133.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $6.4 million as compared to the same period ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to decreased acquisition charges of $5.5 million and other non-interest expense of $8.1 million, partially offset by an increase in salaries and employee benefits of $5.0 million.
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF THE FIRST
The First represents the primary asset of the Company. The First reported total assets of $7.957 billion at September 30, 2024 compared to $7.993 billion at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $36.1 million, or 0.5%. Loans, including loans held for sale, increased $148.6 million to $5.322 billion, or 2.9%, during the first nine months of 2024. Deposits at September 30, 2024 totaled $6.567 billion compared to $6.476 billion at December 31, 2023, an increase of $90.1 million, 1.4%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, The First reported net income of $68.5 million, compared to $68.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
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EARNINGS PERFORMANCE
The Company earns income from two primary sources. The first source is net interest income, which is interest income generated by earning assets less interest expense on deposits and other borrowed money. The second source is non-interest income, which primarily consists of customer service charges and fees as well as mortgage income but also comes from non-customer sources such as bank-owned life insurance. The majority of the Company’s non-interest expense is comprised of operating costs that facilitate offering a full range of banking services to our customers.
NET INTEREST INCOME AND NET INTEREST MARGIN
For the three months ended September 30, 2024, net interest income decreased by $1.7 million, or 2.8%, when compared with the same period in 2023. The decrease was largely due to an increase of $10.4 million in interest expense on deposits offset by a decrease of $837 thousand in borrowing expense and by an increase of $7.5 million in interest and fees on loans. PPP loans totaled $256 thousand as of September 30, 2024, a decrease of $194 thousand, or 43.1%, when compared to the same period last year due to loan forgiveness under the PPP program. The level of net interest income we recognize in any given period depends on a combination of factors including the average volume and yield for interest-earning assets, the average volume and cost of interest-bearing liabilities, and the mix of products which comprise the Company’s earning assets, deposits, and other interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is also impacted by the reversal of interest for loans placed on nonaccrual status during the reporting period, and the recovery of interest on loans that had been on nonaccrual and were paid off, sold or returned to accrual status.
The following tables depict, for the periods indicated, certain information related to the average balance sheet and average yields on assets and average costs of liabilities. Such yields are derived by dividing income or expense by the average balance of the corresponding assets or liabilities. Average balances have been derived from daily averages.

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Average Balances, Tax Equivalent Interest and Yields/Rates
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Avg.
Balance		Tax
Equivalent
Interest		Yield/
Rate		Avg.
Balance		Tax
Equivalent
Interest		Yield/
Rate
Earning Assets:
Taxable securities$1,269,082 $8,064 2.54 %$1,419,343 $7,685 2.17 %
Tax exempt securities445,376 3,915 3.52 %463,329 3,921 3.39 %
Total investment securities1,714,458 11,979 2.79 %1,882,672 11,606 2.47 %
Interest bearing deposits in other banks92,122 441 1.92 %79,448 441 2.22 %
Loans5,288,321 82,131 6.21 %5,038,928 74,626 5.92 %
Total earning assets7,094,901 94,551 5.33 %7,001,048 86,673 4.95 %
Other assets849,652  872,297   
Total assets$7,944,553 $7,873,345   
Interest-bearing liabilities:      
Deposits$4,740,726 $29,979 2.53 %$4,459,869 $19,572 1.76 %
Borrowed funds214,192 2,607 4.87 %296,963 3,556 4.79 %
Subordinated debentures123,596 1,961 6.35 %128,251 1,849 5.77 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities5,078,514 34,547 2.72 %4,885,083 24,977 2.05 %
Other liabilities1,890,680   2,083,192  
Shareholders’ equity975,359   905,070  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$7,944,553  $7,873,345  
Net interest income$59,014   $60,704 
Net interest margin 3.33 % 3.47 %
Net interest income (FTE)*$60,004 2.61 % $61,696 2.91 %
Net interest margin (FTE)*  3.38 %  3.52 %
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($ in thousands)Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
Avg.
Balance		Tax
Equivalent
Interest		Yield/
Rate		Avg.
Balance		Tax
Equivalent
Interest		Yield/
Rate
Earning Assets:
Taxable securities$1,313,340 $25,234 2.56 %$1,485,511 $24,310 2.18 %
Tax exempt securities457,476 11,827 3.45 %465,598 11,813 3.38 %
Total investment securities1,770,816 37,061 2.79 %1,951,109 36,123 2.47 %
Interest bearing deposits in other banks126,938 2,915 3.06 %106,279 2,128 2.67 %
Loans5,216,396 239,266 6.12 %4,999,218 216,950 5.79 %
Total earning assets7,114,150 279,242 5.23 %7,056,606 255,201 4.82 %
Other assets848,224 862,495 
Total assets$7,962,374 $7,919,101 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Deposits$4,779,565 $88,855 2.48 %$4,544,775 $46,611 1.37 %
Borrowed funds208,601 7,585 4.85 %218,002 7,779 4.76 %
Subordinated debentures123,510 5,662 6.11 %142,820 6,163 5.75 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities5,111,676 102,102 2.66 %4,905,597 60,553 1.65 %
Other liabilities1,886,818 2,121,519 
Shareholders’ equity963,880 891,985 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$7,962,374 $7,919,101 
Net interest income$174,149 $191,660 
Net interest margin3.26 %3.62 %
Net interest income (FTE)*$177,140 2.57 %$194,648 3.18 %
Net interest margin (FTE)*3.32 %3.68 %
______________________________________________
*Non-GAAP measure. See reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.
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NON-INTEREST INCOME AND NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
The following table provides details on the Company’s non-interest income and non-interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended
EARNINGS STATEMENTSeptember 30,
2024		% of
Total		September 30,
2023		% of
Total
Non-interest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts$3,709 30.3 %$3,646 18.9 %
Mortgage fee income927 7.6 %878 4.5 %
Interchange fee income4,460 36.4 %5,280 27.3 %
Gain (loss) on securities, net225 1.8 %2 — %
Gain (loss) on sale of premises and equipment(344)(2.8)%(104)(0.5)%
Government awards/grants— — %6,197 32.1 %
Other3,265 26.7 %3,425 17.7 %
Total non-interest income$12,242 100.0 %$19,324 100.0 %
Non-interest expense:  
Salaries and employee benefits$25,131 54.2 %$22,807 47.9 %
Occupancy expense5,659 12.2 %5,343 11.2 %
FDIC/OCC premiums973 2.1 %1,158 2.4 %
Marketing49 0.1 %559 1.2 %
Amortization of core deposit intangibles2,384 5.1 %2,385 5.0 %
Other professional services1,457 3.1 %1,499 3.1 %
Other non-interest expense8,149 17.6 %13,385 28.0 %
Acquisition and charter conversion charges2,592 5.6 %588 1.2 %
Total non-interest expense$46,394 100.0 %$47,724 100.0 %
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($ in thousands)Nine Months Ended
EARNINGS STATEMENTSeptember 30,
2024		% of
Total		September 30,
2023		% of
Total
Non-interest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts$10,410 27.2 %$10,728 24.1 %
Mortgage fee income2,603 6.8 %2,284 5.1 %
Interchange fee income13,548 35.5 %14,321 32.3 %
(Loss) gain on securities, net191 0.5 %(46)(0.1)%
Gain (loss) on sale of premises and equipment(181)(0.5)%559 1.3 %
Government awards/grants— 0.0 %6,197 14.0 %
Other11,669 30.5 %10,316 23.3 %
Total non-interest income$38,240 100.0 %$44,359 100.0 %
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits$74,684 55.8 %$69,695 49.9 %
Occupancy expense16,863 12.6 %15,680 11.2 %
FDIC/OCC premiums3,001 2.2 %2,586 1.8 %
Marketing247 0.2 %762 0.5 %
Amortization of core deposit intangibles7,154 5.3 %7,178 5.1 %
Other professional services5,318 4.0 %4,137 2.9 %
Other non-interest expense23,689 17.7 %31,773 22.6 %
Acquisition and charter conversion charges2,952 2.2 %8,482 6.0 %
Total non-interest expense$133,908 100.0 %$140,293 100.0 %
U.S. TREASURY AWARDS
During the third quarter of 2023, the Bank received $6.2 million in funds from the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund. This award was distributed as part of the CDFI Equitable Recovery Program ("CDFI ERP"). This award is to provide funding to expand lending, grant making and investment activities in low- or moderate-income communities and to borrowers that have significant unmet capital and financial service needs. As part of the agreement with CDFI ERP, the Bank has annual reporting requirements, performance goals and related measures that the Bank must achieve during the period of performance. These are reported to the CDFI ERP through various schedules and reports required by the program. In addition, the award must be expended in certain Program Activities and/or Operations Support Activities as described and defined in the CDFI ERP agreement. The total amount of the award must be utilized by December 31, 2028, and other expenditure milestones must be met as follows: sixty percent of the award must be utilized by December 31, 2026; eighty percent by December 31, 2027; and one hundred percent of the award by December 31, 2028. The Bank intends to expense the award on Financial Products (i.e. loans) and Grants which fall under the Program Activities section as defined in the CDFI ERP agreement. The Bank accounts for the CDFI ERP using ASC 958-605. Although the scope of ASC 958-605 excludes for-profit entities, the FASB staff has concluded that for-profit entities may apply this guidance when appropriate and that the award should be accounted for as other non-interest income as permitted by GAAP.
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
The Company sets aside a provision for income taxes on a monthly basis. The amount of the provision is determined by first applying the Company’s statutory income tax rates to estimated taxable income, which is pre-tax book income adjusted for permanent differences, and then subtracting available tax credits if applicable. Permanent differences include but are not limited to tax-exempt interest income, bank-owned life insurance cash surrender value income, and certain book expenses that are not allowed as tax deductions.
The Company’s provision for income taxes was $5.3 million, or 22.2%, of earnings before income taxes for the third quarter 2024, compared to $6.9 million, or 22.2%, of earnings before income taxes for the same period in 2023. The provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $16.9 million, or 22.3%, of earnings before income taxes compared to $18.1 million, or 21.9%, for the same period in 2023.
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BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
EARNING ASSETS
The Company’s interest-earning assets are comprised of investments and loans, and the composition, growth characteristics, and credit quality of both are significant determinants of the Company’s financial condition. Investments are analyzed in the section immediately below, while the loan and lease portfolio and other factors affecting earning assets are discussed in the sections following investments.
INVESTMENTS
The Company’s investments can at any given time consist of debt securities and marketable equity securities (together, the “investment portfolio”), investments in the time deposits of other banks, surplus interest-earning balances in our Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) account, and overnight fed funds sold. Surplus FRB balances and federal funds sold to correspondent banks represent the temporary investment of excess liquidity. The Company’s investments serve several purposes: 1) they provide liquidity to even out cash flows from the loan and deposit activities of customers; 2) they provide a source of pledged assets for securing public deposits, bankruptcy deposits and certain borrowed funds which require collateral; 3) they constitute a large base of assets with maturity and interest rate characteristics that can be changed more readily than the loan portfolio to better match changes in the deposit base and other funding sources of the Company; 4) they are another interest-earning option for surplus funds when loan demand is light; and 5) they can provide partially tax exempt income. Total securities, excluding other securities, totaled $1.662 billion, or 20.9% of total assets at September 30, 2024 compared to $1.694 billion, or 21.2% of total assets at December 31, 2023.
There were no federal funds sold at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; and interest-bearing balances at other banks decreased to $86.6 million at September 30, 2024 from $130.9 million at December 31, 2023. The Company’s investment portfolio decreased $19.9 million, or 1.1%, to $1.715 billion at September 30, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023. The decrease is attributed to $213.1 million in securities purchased offset by $262.5 million in securities that matured, prepaid, sold or were called offset by a $30.2 million change in the net unrealized loss of the security portfolio. The investment portfolio had a net unrealized loss of $91.6 million at September 30, 2024 as compared to a net unrealized loss of $121.9 million at December 31, 2023. The Company carries available-for-sale investments at their fair market values and held-to-maturity investments at their amortized costs. The fair value of available-for-sale securities totaled $1.060 billion at September 30, 2024 compared to $1.039 billion at December 31, 2023. The fair value of held-to-maturity investments totaled $574.8 million and $615.9 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. All other investment securities are classified as “available-for-sale” to allow maximum flexibility with regard to interest rate risk and liquidity management.
Refer to the tables shown in Note 9 – "Securities" to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information on the Company’s amortized cost and fair market value of its investment portfolio by investment type.
LOAN PORTFOLIO
Loans Held for Sale (“LHFS”)
The Bank originates fixed rate single family, residential first mortgage loans on a presold basis. The Bank issues a rate lock commitment to a customer and concurrently “locks in” with a secondary market investor under a best efforts delivery mechanism. Such loans are sold without the mortgage servicing rights being retained by the Bank. The terms of the loan are dictated by the secondary investors and are transferred within several weeks of the Bank initially funding the loan. The Bank recognizes certain origination fees and service release fees upon the sale, which are included in other income on loans in the consolidated statements of income. Between the initial funding of the loans by the Bank and the subsequent purchase by the investor, the Bank carries the loans held for sale at fair value in the aggregate as determined by the outstanding commitments from investors. Associated servicing rights are not retained. At September 30, 2024, LHFS totaled $3.0 million, compared to $2.9 million at December 31, 2023.
Loans Held for Investment (“LHFI”)
LHFI, net of deferred fees and costs, were $5.263 billion at September 30, 2024, an increase of $146.9 million, or 2.9%, from $5.116 billion at December 31, 2023. PPP loans were $256 thousand at September 30, 2024, a decrease of $130 thousand, or 33.7%, from $386 thousand at December 31, 2023.
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The following table presents the Company’s composition of LHFI, net of deferred fees and costs, in dollar amounts and as a percentage of total gross loans.
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
AmountPercent
of Total		AmountPercent
of Total
Commercial, financial and agriculture (1)$748,664 14.1 %$800,324 15.5 %
Commercial real estate3,235,566 60.8 %3,059,155 59.2 %
Consumer real estate1,287,144 24.2 %1,252,795 24.2 %
Consumer installment47,216 0.9 %57,768 1.1 %
Total loans5,318,590 100.0 %5,170,042 100.0 %
Allowance for credit losses(55,700)(54,032) 
Net loans$5,262,890 $5,116,010 
_______________________________________
(1)Loan amount includes $256 thousand and $386 thousand in PPP loans at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Generally, the Company limits its loan-to-value ratio to 80%. Management attempts to maintain a conservative philosophy regarding its underwriting guidelines and believes that the risk elements of its loan portfolio have been reduced through strategies that diversify the lending mix.
LOAN CONCENTRATIONS
Diversification within the loan portfolio is an important means of reducing inherent lending risk. As of September 30, 2024, management does not consider there to be any significant credit concentrations within the loan portfolio. Although the Bank’s loan portfolio, as well as existing commitments, reflects the diversity of its primary market area, a substantial portion of a borrower's ability to repay a loan is dependent upon the economic stability of the area.
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The following table presents the concentration by borrower type of the Company's commercial real estate ("CRE") loan balances as of September 30, 2024.
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024
BalancePercentage of Total
Owner occupied CRE by property type:
Convenience stores$97,242 3.0 %
Medical facilities121,563 3.8 %
Office space278,624 8.6 %
Retail281,954 8.7 %
Special purpose facility249,114 7.7 %
Warehouse/industrial154,311 4.8 %
Other170,027 5.3 %
Total owner occupied CRE1,352,835 41.9 %
Non-owner occupied by property type:
Convenience stores$22,564 0.7 %
Medical facilities71,017 2.2 %
Motel/hotel303,056 9.4 %
Multifamily285,167 8.8 %
Office space249,834 7.7 %
Residential523 — %
Retail411,790 12.7 %
Special purpose facility64,649 2.0 %
Warehouse/industrial92,003 2.8 %
Other382,128 11.8 %
Total non-owner occupied CRE1,882,731 58.1 %
Total CRE$3,235,566 100.0 %
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The following table presents the geographic concentrations of the Company's CRE loan balances by property type as of September 30, 2024.
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024
AlabamaFloridaGeorgiaLouisianaMississippiTotal
Owner occupied CRE by property type:
Convenience stores$2,871 $6,386 $39,079 $19,250 $29,656 $97,242 
Medical facilities2,805 5,003 27,262 15,938 70,555 121,563 
Office space19,525 105,833 68,226 34,045 50,995 278,624 
Retail18,757 65,802 85,116 33,603 78,676 281,954 
Special purpose facility8,559 42,004 64,010 9,373 125,168 249,114 
Warehouse/industrial4,463 34,874 55,879 35,488 23,607 154,311 
Other18,578 19,610 100,793 7,334 23,712 170,027 
Total owner occupied CRE75,558 279,512 440,365 155,031 402,369 1,352,835 
Non-owner occupied by property type:
Convenience stores$— $— $11,633 $9,087 $1,844 $22,564 
Medical facilities26,949 5,222 10,813 2,810 25,223 71,017 
Motel/hotel26,656 95,916 89,819 42,755 47,910 303,056 
Multifamily36,892 10,375 100,748 94,427 42,725 285,167 
Office space8,074 88,587 78,393 18,465 56,315 249,834 
Residential— — — 463 60 523 
Retail24,010 81,138 118,019 125,372 63,251 411,790 
Special purpose facility573 16,978 18,905 4,893 23,300 64,649 
Warehouse/industrial4,881 40,492 22,084 13,323 11,223 92,003 
Other35,833 83,894 97,541 40,637 124,223 382,128 
Total non-owner occupied CRE163,868 422,602 547,955 352,232 396,074 1,882,731 
Total CRE$239,426 $702,114 $988,320 $507,263 $798,443 $3,235,566 
Percentage of total CRE7.4 %21.7 %30.5 %15.7 %24.7 %100.0 %
NON-PERFORMING ASSETS
Non-performing assets (“NPAs”) are comprised of loans for which the Company is no longer accruing interest, and foreclosed assets including mobile homes and other real estate owned. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when they become ninety days past due (principal and/or interest) unless the loans are adequately secured and in the process of collection. Nonaccrual loans totaled $16.3 million at September 30, 2024, an increase of $5.6 million from December 31, 2023.
Other real estate owned is carried at fair value, determined by an appraisal, less estimated costs to sell. Other real estate owned totaled $7.3 million at September 30, 2024, a decrease of $1.0 million as compared to $8.3 million at December 31, 2023.

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The following table presents comparative data for the Company’s non-performing assets as of the dates noted.
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual Loans
Commercial, financial and agriculture$1,009 $1,318 
Commercial real estate8,843 4,437 
Consumer real estate6,318 4,904 
Consumer installment114 31 
Total Nonaccrual Loans16,284 10,690 
  
Other real-estate owned7,314 8,320 
  
Total NPAs$23,598 $19,010 
Past due 90 days or more and still accruing$1,455 $1,163 
Total NPAs as a % of total loans & leases net of unearned income0.4 %0.4 %
Total nonaccrual loans as a % of total loans & leases net of unearned income0.3 %0.2 %
NPAs totaled $23.6 million at September 30, 2024, compared to $19.0 million at December 31, 2023, an increase of $4.6 million. The ACL/total loans ratio was 1.05% at September 30, 2024, and 1.05% at December 31, 2023. Total valuation accounting adjustments were $19.4 million on acquired loans at September 30, 2024. The Company recorded a $33.2 million credit loss and yield mark related to the HSBI acquisition in 2023. The ratio of annualized net charge-offs (recoveries) to total loans was 0.033% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to 0.061% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023.
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged-off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off.
Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environment conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors. Management may selectively apply external market data to subjectively adjust the Company’s own loss history including index or peer data. Management evaluates the adequacy of the ACL quarterly and makes provisions for credit losses based on this evaluation. See Note 10 - “Loans” for a description of the Company’s methodology and the quantitative and qualitative factors included in the calculation.
At September 30, 2024, the ACL was $55.7 million, or 1.05% of LHFI, an increase of $1.7 million, or 3.1% when compared to December 31, 2023. The increase in the 2024 provision is related to loan growth. The 2023 provision for credit losses includes $10.7 million associated with a day one post-merger accounting provision recorded for non-PCD loans and unfunded commitments and a $3.2 million initial allowance on PCD loans related to the HSBI acquisition. At December 31, 2023, the ACL was $54.0 million, which was 1.05% of LHFI.
At September 30, 2024, management believes the allowance is appropriate and should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses change, management’s estimate of inherent losses in the portfolio could also change, which would affect the level of future provisions for credit losses.
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The table that follows summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
$ in thousands
Balances:Three Months Ended
September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended
September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2023
Average LHFI outstanding during period:$5,288,321 $5,038,928 $5,216,396 $4,999,218 
LHFI outstanding at end of period:$5,318,590 $5,089,800 $5,318,590 $5,089,800 
Allowance for Credit Losses:
Balance at beginning of period$55,133 $52,614 $54,032 $38,917 
Initial allowance on PCD loans— — — 3,176 
Provision:
Initial provision for acquired non-PCD loans— — — 10,219 
Provision for credit losses charged to expense1,000 1,000 2,650 2,281 
Charge-offs:
Commercial, financial and agriculture404 48 832 472 
Commercial real estate— 27 91 27 
Consumer real estate81 21 375 45 
Consumer installment901 533 1,624 1,551 
Total Charge-offs1,386 629 2,922 2,095 
Recoveries:
Commercial, financial and agriculture232 277 244 334 
Commercial real estate18 15 557 101 
Consumer real estate22 142 56 224 
Consumer installment681 146 1,083 408 
Total Recoveries953 580 1,940 1,067 
Net loan Charge-offs (recoveries)433 49 982 1,028 
Balance at end of period$55,700 $53,565 $55,700 $53,565 
RATIOS
Net Charge-offs (recoveries) to average LHFI (annualized)0.03 %0.004 %0.03 %0.03 %
ACL to LHFI at end of period1.05 %1.05 %1.05 %1.05 %
Net loan Charge-offs (recoveries) to PCL43.30 %4.90 %37.06 %45.07 %
The Company recorded $1.0 million provision for credit losses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The Company recorded a $2.7 million provision for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $12.5 million for the same period in 2023. During January 2023, loans totaling $1.159 billion, net of purchase accounting adjustments, were acquired in the HSBI acquisition. The initial ACL on PCD loans recorded in March 2023, of $3.2 million was related to the HSBI acquisition. The 2023 provision for credit losses includes $10.7 million associated with day one post-merger accounting provision recorded for non-PCD loans and unfunded commitments acquired in the HSBI acquisition.
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The following table summarizes the ACL at September 30, 2024 and at December 31, 2023.
($ in thousands)September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Commercial, financial and agriculture$8,908 $8,844 
Commercial real estate30,684 29,125 
Consumer real estate15,434 15,260 
Consumer installment674 803 
Total$55,700 $54,032 
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON OBSC EXPOSURES
The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The ACL on OBSC exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The Company recorded no provision for credit losses on OBSC exposures for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024, compared to $0 thousand and $750 thousand for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The ACL on OBSC exposures for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 includes the day one provision for unfunded commitments related to the HSBI acquisition and an increase in unfunded commitments.
OTHER ASSETS
The Company’s balance of non-interest earning cash and due from banks was $127.5 million at September 30, 2024 and $224.2 million at December 31, 2023. The balance of cash and due from banks depends on the timing of collection of outstanding cash items (checks), the level of cash maintained on hand at our branches, and our reserve requirement among other things, and is subject to significant fluctuation in the normal course of business. While cash flows are normally predictable within limits, those limits are fairly broad and the Company manages its short-term cash position through the utilization of overnight loans to and borrowings from correspondent banks, including the Federal Reserve Bank and the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). Should a large “short” overnight position persist for any length of time, the Company typically raises money through focused retail deposit gathering efforts or by adding brokered time deposits. If a “long” position is prevalent, the Company will let brokered deposits or other wholesale borrowings roll off as they mature, or might invest excess liquidity in higher-yielding, longer-term bonds.
Total other securities increased $11.6 million to $52.4 million at September 30, 2024 compared to $40.8 million at December 31, 2023. The Company’s net premises and equipment at September 30, 2024 was $170.6 million and $174.3 million at December 31, 2023; a decrease of $3.7 million, or 2.1% for the first nine months of 2024. Operating right-of-use assets at September 30, 2024 totaled $6.0 million compared to $6.4 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $423 thousand. Financing right-of-use assets at September 30, 2024 totaled $1.1 million compared to $1.5 million at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $348 thousand. Bank-owned life insurance at September 30, 2024 totaled $136.6 million compared to $134.2 million at December 31, 2023, an increase of $2.3 million. Goodwill at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 remained unchanged at $272.5 million. Other intangible assets, consisting primarily of the Company’s core deposit intangible (“CDI”), decreased by $7.2 million to $61.7 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $68.8 million at December 31, 2023.
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually, and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. At September 30, 2024, management has determined that no impairment exists.
Other real estate owned decreased by $1.0 million, or 12.1%, to $7.3 million at September 30, 2024 compared to $8.3 million at December 31, 2023.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
The Company maintains commitments to extend credit in the normal course of business, as long as there are no violations of conditions established in the outstanding contractual arrangements. Unused commitments to extend credit totaled $980.0 million at September 30, 2024 and $921.6 million at December 31, 2023, although it is not likely that all of
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those commitments will ultimately be drawn down. Unused commitments represented approximately 18.4% of gross loans at September 30, 2024 and 17.8% at December 31, 2023. The Company also had undrawn similar standby letters of credit to customers totaling $28.9 million at September 30, 2024 and $28.7 million at December 31, 2023. The effect on the Company’s revenues, expenses, cash flows and liquidity from the unused portion of the commitments to provide credit cannot be reasonably predicted because there is no guarantee that the lines of credit will ever be used. However, the “Liquidity” section in this Form 10-Q outlines resources available to draw upon should we be required to fund a significant portion of unused commitments. For more information regarding the Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 7 "Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk" to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In addition to unused commitments to provide credit, the Company is utilizing a $355.0 million letter of credit issued by the FHLB on the Company’s behalf as of September 30, 2024. That letter of credit is backed by loans which are pledged to the FHLB by the Company.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
LIQUIDITY
Liquidity management refers to the Company’s ability to maintain cash flows that are adequate to fund operations and meet other obligations and commitments in a timely and cost-effective manner. Detailed cash flow projections are reviewed by management on a monthly basis, with various scenarios applied to assess its ability to meet liquidity needs under adverse conditions. Liquidity ratios are also calculated and reviewed on a regular basis. While those ratios are merely indicators and are not measures of actual liquidity, they are closely monitored, and we are focused on maintaining adequate liquidity resources to draw upon should unexpected needs arise.
The Company, on occasion, experiences cash needs as the result of loan growth, deposit outflows, asset purchases or liability repayments. To meet short-term needs, the Company can borrow overnight funds from other financial institutions, draw advances through FHLB lines of credit, utilize the bank term funding program, or solicit brokered deposits if deposits are not immediately obtainable from local sources. The net availability on lines of credit from the FHLB totaled $2.063 billion at September 30, 2024. Furthermore, funds can be obtained by drawing down the Company’s correspondent bank deposit accounts, or by liquidating unpledged investments or other readily saleable assets. In addition, the Company can raise immediate cash for temporary needs by selling under agreements to repurchase those investments in its portfolio which are not pledged as collateral. As of September 30, 2024, the market value of unpledged debt securities plus pledged securities in excess of current pledging requirements comprised $648.5 million of the Company’s investment balances, compared to $661.8 million at December 31, 2023. Other forms of balance sheet liquidity include but are not necessarily limited to any outstanding federal funds sold and vault cash. The Company has a higher level of actual balance sheet liquidity than might otherwise be the case since it utilizes a letter of credit from the FHLB rather than investment securities for certain pledging requirements.
The Company’s liquidity ratio as of September 30, 2024 was 14.3%, as compared to internal liquidity policy guidelines of 10% minimum. Other liquidity ratios reviewed include the following along with policy guidelines:
September 30, 2024Policy MaximumPolicy Compliance
Loans to Deposits (including FHLB advances)80.1 %90.0 %In Policy
Net Non-core Funding Dependency Ratio7.8 %20.0 %In Policy
Fed Funds Purchased / Total Assets0.0 %10.0 %In Policy
FHLB Advances / Total Assets1.2 %20.0 %In Policy
Bank Term Funding Program / Total Assets1.4 %10.0 %In Policy
Pledged Securities / Total Securities61.7 %90.0 %In Policy
Relatively high levels of potentially liquid investments have had a positive impact on our liquidity position in recent periods, but no assurance can be provided that our liquidity will continue at current robust levels.
As of September 30, 2024, cash and cash equivalents were $214.1 million. In addition, loans and investment securities repricing or maturing within one year or less were approximately $1.775 billion at September 30, 2024. Approximately $980.0 million in loan commitments could fund within the next three months and includes other commitments, primarily commercial and $28.9 million in similar letters of credit, at September 30, 2024.
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Management continually evaluates our liquidity position and currently believes the Company has adequate funding to meet our financial needs.
The Company’s primary uses of funds are ordinary operating expenses and shareholder dividends, and its primary source of funds is dividends from the Bank since the Company does not conduct regular banking operations. Both the Company and the Bank are subject to legal and regulatory limitations on dividend payments, as outlined in Item 1. Business "Supervision and Regulation" in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K.
DEPOSITS
Deposits are another key balance sheet component impacting the Company’s net interest margin and other profitability metrics. Deposits provide liquidity to fund growth in earning assets, and the Company’s net interest margin is improved to the extent that growth in deposits is concentrated in less volatile and typically less costly non-maturity deposits such as demand deposit accounts, NOW accounts, savings accounts, and money market demand accounts. Information concerning average balances and rates for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are included in the Average Balances, Tax Equivalent Interest and Yield/Rates tables appearing above, under the heading “Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin.”
Deposit DistributionSeptember 30, 2024December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)Average
Balance		Average
Rate
Paid		Average
Balance		Average
Rate
Paid
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits$1,815,486 — $2,012,935 — 
Interest bearing deposits:
NOW accounts and other2,059,055 2.15 %2,017,154 1.41 %
Money market accounts1,090,347 2.85 %1,013,701 1.79 %
Savings accounts519,124 0.23 %606,421 0.18 %
Time deposits1,111,039 3.78 %904,629 2.61 %
Total interest-bearing deposits4,779,565 2.48 %4,541,905 1.57 %
Total deposits$6,595,051 1.80 %$6,554,840 1.09 %
As of September 30, 2024, average deposits increased by $40.2 million, or 0.6% to $6.595 billion from $6.555 billion at December 31, 2023. The average cost of interest-bearing deposits and total deposits was 2.48% and 1.80% at September 30, 2024 compared to 1.57% and 1.09% at December 31, 2023. The increase in the average cost of interest-bearing deposits during the first nine months of 2024 compared to December 31, 2023 is attributed to the increase in volume coupled with an increase in rates attributable to the higher rate environment.
The Company's estimated uninsured deposits totaled $2.289 billion at September 30, 2024, compared to $2.145 billion at December 31, 2023, representing 34.9% and 33.2% of total deposits at September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. These estimates were derived using the same methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank's regulatory reporting.
OTHER INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES
The Company’s non-deposit borrowings may, at any given time, include federal funds purchased from correspondent banks, borrowings from the FHLB, advances from the Federal Reserve Bank, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and/or junior subordinated debentures. The Company uses short-term FHLB advances, and federal funds purchased on uncommitted lines to support liquidity needs created by seasonal deposit flows, to temporarily satisfy funding needs from increased loan demand, and for other short-term purposes. The FHLB line is committed, but the amount of available credit depends on the level of pledged collateral.
Total noninterest-bearing deposit liabilities decreased by $52.3 million, or 2.8%, in the first nine months of 2024. As of September 30, 2024, junior subordinated debentures increased $259 thousand, net of issuance costs, to $123.6 million. Subordinated debt is discussed more fully in the below Capital section of this report.
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BANK TERM FUNDING PROGRAM BORROWINGS
On March 12, 2023, the Federal Reserve Board announced the Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP"), which offers loans to banks with a term up to one year. The loans are secured by pledging the banks' U.S. treasuries, agency securities, agency mortgage-backed securities, and any other qualifying asset. These pledged securities will be valued at par for collateral purposes. The BTFP offers up to one year fixed-rate term borrowings that are prepayable without penalty.
The Bank had outstanding BTFP debt of $110.0 million and pledged securities with a fair value of $312.3 million at September 30, 2024. The securities pledged have a par value of $339.7 million. The Bank's BTFP borrowings, which were drawn on December 28, 2023, bear an interest rate of 4.83% and is set to mature one year from its issuance date.
LEASE LIABILITIES
As of September 30, 2024, operating lease liabilities decreased $419 thousand, or 6.4% to $6.1 million from $6.6 million at December 31, 2023. Finance lease liabilities decreased $137 thousand, or 7.9% to $1.602 million from $1.739 million at December 31, 2023.
OTHER LIABILITIES
Other liabilities are principally comprised of accrued interest payable and other accrued but unpaid expenses. Other liabilities decreased by $10.6 million, or 16.1%, during the first nine months of 2024. As of September 30, 2024, accrued interest payable decreased $9.0 million, or 39.6% to $13.7 million from $22.7 million at December 31, 2023, largely due to the repayment of $280 million in BTFP borrowings from the FRB. The ACL on OBSC exposures remained unchanged at $2.1 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
CAPITAL
At September 30, 2024, the Company had total shareholders’ equity of $1.012 billion, comprised of $32.5 million in common stock, $41.1 million in treasury stock, $776.7 million in surplus, $335.7 million in undivided profits, and $92.1 million in accumulated comprehensive loss on available-for-sale securities. Total shareholders’ equity at the end of 2023 was $949.0 million. The increase of $62.6 million, or 6.6%, in shareholders’ equity during the first nine months of 2024 is primarily attributable to capital added through net earnings of $58.9 million and $25.5 million decrease in accumulated comprehensive loss offset by $23.4 million in cash dividends paid.
On February 28, 2023, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program (the "2023 Repurchase Program"), pursuant to which the Company may purchase up to an aggregate of $50 million in shares of the Company's issued and outstanding common stock during the 2023 calendar year. Under the program, the Company may, but is not required to, from time to time, repurchase up to $50 million of shares of its own common stock in any manner determined appropriate by the Company’s management. The actual timing and method of any purchases, the target number of shares and the maximum price (or range of prices) under the program, will be determined by management at is discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including the market price of the Company’s common stock, general market and economic conditions, and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The 2023 Repurchase Program expired on December 31, 2023.
On February 28, 2024, the Company announced that its Board of Directors has authorized a new share repurchase program (the "2024 Repurchase Program"), pursuant to which the Company may purchase up to an aggregate of $50.0 million in shares of the Company's issued and outstanding common stock during the 2024 calendar year. Under the program, the Company may, but is not required to, from time to time, repurchase up to $50.0 million of shares of its own common stock in any manner determined appropriate by the Company’s management. The actual timing and method of any purchases, the target number of shares and the maximum price (or range of prices) under the program, will be determined by management at is discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including the market price of the Company’s common stock, general market and economic conditions, and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The 2024 Repurchase Program will expire on December 31, 2024.
The Company uses a variety of measures to evaluate its capital adequacy, including risk-based capital and leverage ratios that are calculated separately for the Company and the Bank. Management reviews these capital measurements on a quarterly basis and takes appropriate action to ensure that they meet or surpass established internal and
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external guidelines. As permitted by the regulators for financial institutions that are not deemed to be “advanced approaches” institutions, the Company has elected to opt out of the requirement of the standards initially adopted by the Basal Committee on Banking Supervision in December 2010 (which standards are commonly referred to as “Basel III”) to include accumulated other comprehensive income in risk-based capital. The following table sets forth the Bank's and the Company’s regulatory capital ratios as of the dates indicated.
Regulatory Capital Ratios The First BankSeptember 30,
2024		December 31,
2023		Minimum Required to
be Well Capitalized		Minimum Capital
Required Basel III Fully
Phased In
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio14.3 %13.8 %6.5 %7.0 %
Tier 1 Capital Ratio14.3 %13.8 %8.0 %8.5 %
Total Capital Ratio15.2 %14.8 %10.0 %10.5 %
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio11.4 %10.7 %5.0 %7.0 %
Regulatory Capital Ratios The First Bancshares, Inc.September 30,
2024		December 31,
2023		Minimum Required to
be Well Capitalized		Minimum Capital
Required Basel III Fully
Phased In
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio*12.5 %12.1 %N/AN/A
Tier 1 Capital Ratio**12.9 %12.5 %N/AN/A
Total Capital Ratio15.4 %15.0 %N/AN/A
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio10.3 %9.7 %N/AN/A
______________________________________
*The numerator does not include Preferred Stock and Trust Preferred.
**The numerator includes Trust Preferred.
Our capital ratios remain very strong relative to the median for peer financial institutions, and at September 30, 2024 were well above the threshold for the Company and the Bank to be classified as “well capitalized,” the highest rating of the categories defined under the Bank Holding Company Act and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991. Basel III rules require a “capital conservation buffer” for both the Company and the Bank. The capital conservation buffer is subject to a three-year phase-in period that began January 1, 2016 and was fully phased-in on January 1, 2019 at 2.5%. Under this guidance banking institutions with a CETI, Tier 1 Capital Ratio and Total Risk Based Capital above the minimum regulatory adequate capital ratios but below the capital conservation buffer will face constraints on their ability to pay dividends, repurchase equity and pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers, based on the amount of the shortfall.
As of September 30, 2024, management believes that each of the Bank and the Company met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. We do not foresee any circumstances that would cause the Company or the Bank to be less than well capitalized, although no assurance can be given that this will not occur.
Total consolidated equity capital at September 30, 2024 was $1.012 billion, or approximately 12.7% of total assets. The Company currently has adequate capital to meet the minimum capital requirements for all regulatory agencies.
On June 30, 2006, the Company issued $4.1 million of floating rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures to The First Bancshares Statutory Trust 2 (“Trust 2”). The debentures are the sole asset of Trust 2, and the Company is the sole owner of the common equity of Trust 2. Trust 2 issued $4.0 million of Trust Preferred Securities to investors. The Company’s obligations under the debentures and related documents, taken together, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the Trust 2’s obligations under the preferred securities. The preferred securities are redeemable by the Company at its option. The preferred securities must be redeemed upon maturity of the debentures in 2036. Interest on the preferred securities is the three-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 1.65% plus a tenor spread adjustment of .026161% and is payable quarterly. The terms of the subordinated debentures are identical to those of the preferred securities.
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On July 27, 2007, the Company issued $6.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures to The First Bancshares Statutory Trust 3 (“Trust 3”). The Company owns all of the common equity of Trust 3, and the debentures are the sole asset of Trust 3. Trust 3 issued $6.0 million of Trust Preferred Securities to investors. The Company’s obligations under the debentures and related documents, taken together, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the Trust 3’s obligations under the preferred securities. The preferred securities are redeemable by the Company at its option. The preferred securities must be redeemed upon maturity of the debentures in 2037. Interest on the preferred securities is the three-month term SOFR plus 1.40% plus a tenor spread adjustment of .026161% and is payable quarterly. The terms of the subordinated debentures are identical to those of the preferred securities.
In 2018, as a result of the acquisition of FMB Banking Corporation ("FMB"), the Company became the successor to FMB's obligations in respect of $6.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated debentures issued to FMB Capital Trust 1 ("FMB Trust"). The debentures are the sole asset of FMB Trust, and the Company is the sole owner of the common equity of FMB Trust. FMB Trust issued $6.0 million of Trust Preferred Securities to investors. The Company’s obligations under the debentures and related documents, taken together, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of FMB Trust's obligations under the preferred securities. The preferred securities issued by the FMB Trust are redeemable by the Company at its option. The preferred securities must be redeemed upon maturity of the debentures in 2033. Interest on the preferred securities is the three-month term SOFR plus 2.85% plus a tenor spread adjustment of .026161% and is payable quarterly.
On January 1, 2023, as a result of the acquisition of HSBI, the Company became the successor to HSBI's obligations in respect of $10.3 million of subordinated debentures issued to Liberty Shares Statutory Trust II ("Liberty Trust"). The debentures are the sole asset of Liberty Trust, and the Company is the sole owner of the common equity of Liberty Trust. Liberty Trust issued $10.0 million of preferred securities to an investor. The Company's obligations under the debentures and related documents, taken together, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of Liberty Trust's obligations under the preferred securities. The preferred securities issued by the Liberty Trust are redeemable by the Company at its option. The preferred securities must be redeemed upon maturity of the debentures in 2036. Interest on the preferred securities is the three-month term SOFR plus 1.48% plus a tenor spread adjustment of .026161% and is payable quarterly.
In accordance with the provisions of ASC 810, Consolidation, the trusts are not included in the consolidated financial statements.
Subordinated Notes
On April 30, 2018, the Company entered into two Subordinated Note Purchase Agreements pursuant to which the Company sold and issued $24.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.875% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2028 (the "Notes due 2028") and $42.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.40% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2033 (the “Notes due 2033”). In May of 2023, the Company redeemed all $24.0 million of the outstanding 5.875% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2028.
The Notes due 2033 are not convertible into or exchangeable for any other securities or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The Notes are not subject to redemption at the option of the holder. Principal and interest on the Notes are subject to acceleration only in limited circumstances. The Notes due 2033 are unsecured, subordinated obligations of the Company and rank junior in right to payment to the Company’s current and future senior indebtedness, and each Note is pari passu in right to payment with respect to the other Notes. The Notes due 2033 have a fifteen year term, maturing May 1, 2033, and will bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 6.40%, payable quarterly in arrears, for the first ten years of the term. Thereafter, the interest rate will re-set quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to a benchmark rate (which is expected to be three-month term SOFR plus 3.39% plus a tenor spread adjustment of .026161%), payable quarterly in arrears. As provided in the Notes due 2033, under specified conditions the interest rate on the Notes due 2033 during the applicable floating rate period may be determined based on a rate other than three-month term SOFR. The Company is entitled to redeem the Notes due 2033, in whole or in part, on any interest payment date on or after May 1, 2028, and to redeem the Notes due 2033 at any time in whole upon certain other specified events.
On September 25, 2020, the Company entered into a Subordinated Note Purchase Agreement with certain qualified institutional buyers pursuant to which the Company sold and issued $65.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.25% Fixed to Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030 (the "Notes due 2030"). The Notes due 2030 are unsecured and have a ten-year term, maturing October 1, 2030, and will bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 4.25%,
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payable semi-annually in arrears, for the first five years of the term. Thereafter, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to a benchmark rate (which is expected to be the three-month term SOFR plus 412.6 basis points), payable quarterly in arrears. As provided in the Notes due 2030, under specified conditions the interest rate on the Notes due 2030 during the applicable floating rate period may be determined based on a rate other than Three-Month Term SOFR. The Company is entitled to redeem the Notes due 2030, in whole or in part, on any interest payment date on or after October 1, 2025, and to redeem the Notes due 2030 at any time in whole upon certain other specified events.
The Company had $123.6 million of subordinated debt, net of $1.4 million deferred issuance costs and $1.7 million unamortized fair value mark, at September 30, 2024, compared to $123.4 million, net of $1.6 million deferred issuance costs and $2.1 million unamortized fair value mark, at December 31, 2023.
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP in the United States and prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, certain non-GAAP measures are used by management to supplement the evaluation of our performance. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes operating net earnings; net interest income, FTE; average tax equivalent yield on investment securities, core net interest margin and certain ratios derived from these non-GAAP financial measures. The Company believes that the non-GAAP financial measures included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q allow management and investors to understand and compare results in a more consistent manner for the periods presented herein. Fully-tax equivalent, or "FTE", financial metrics are measures used by management to evaluate the corresponding GAAP financial metrics in a manner that takes into account the tax benefits associated with income sources that are exempt from state or federal taxes. Core net interest margin is used by management to measure the net return on earnings assets, which includes investment securities, loans, and leases but excludes certain income and expense items that the Company's management considers to be non-core/adjusted in nature. Similarly, "operating" financial metrics, including operating efficiency ratio and operating earnings per share, are used by management to evaluate operating results exclusive of items that are not indicative of ongoing operations and impact period-to-period comparisons. Management uses "tangible" financial metrics, including tangible common equity and tangible book value, to measure the value of the Company's assets net of intangible assets, such as goodwill. The tax equivalent adjustment to net interest income and average yield on investment securities recognizes the income tax savings when comparing taxable and tax-exempt assets and assumes a 25.3% tax rate. Management believes that it is a standard practice in the banking industry to present net interest income and net interest margin on a fully tax equivalent basis, and believes it enhances the comparability of income and expenses arising from taxable and nontaxable sources. Operating net earnings excludes acquisition and charter conversion charges, initial provision for acquired loans. Non-GAAP financial measures should be considered supplemental and not a substitute for the Company’s results reported in accordance with GAAP for the periods presented, and other bank holding companies may define or calculate these measures differently. The most comparable GAAP measures to these measures are earnings per share, net interest income, earnings, total interest income, and average yield on investment securities, respectively. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation and do not purport to be an alternative to the efficiency ratio, net income, earnings per share, net interest income, net interest margin, average yield on investment securities, average yield on all earning assets, common equity, book value per common share or other GAAP financial measures as a measure of operating performance. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP measure is provided below.
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Operating Net Earnings
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended September 30, 2024Three Months Ended September 30, 2023Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Net income available to common shareholders$18,571 $24,360 $58,896 $64,410 
Acquisition and charter conversion charges2,592 588 2,952 8,482 
Tax on acquisition and charter conversion charges(656)(149)(747)(2,146)
Initial provision for acquired loans— — — 10,727 
Tax on initial provision for acquired loans— — — (2,714)
Treasury awards— (6,197)— (6,197)
Tax on Treasury awards— 1,568 — 1,568 
Contributions/consulting/advertising related to Treasury awards— 5,190 — 5,190 
Tax on contributions/consulting/advertising related to Treasury awards— (1,313)— (1,313)
Net earnings available to common shareholders, operating$20,507 $24,047 $61,101 $78,007 
Net Interest Income, Fully Tax Equivalent
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended September 30, 2024Three Months Ended September 30, 2023Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Net interest income$59,014$60,704$174,149 $191,660 
Tax-exempt investment income(2,925)(2,929)(8,836)(8,825)
Taxable investment income3,9153,92111,827 11,813 
Net interest income, FTE$60,004$61,696$177,140 $194,648 
Average earning assets$7,094,901$7,001,048$7,114,150 $7,056,606 
Annualized net interest margin3.33 %3.47 %3.26 %3.62 %
Annualized net interest margin, FTE3.38 %3.52 %3.32 %3.68 %
Core Net Interest Margin
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended September 30, 2024Three Months Ended September 30, 2023Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Net interest income (FTE)$60,004 $61,696 $177,140 $194,648 
Less purchase accounting adjustments2,008 4,276 6,702 14,279 
Net interest income, net of purchase accounting adj$57,996 $57,420 $170,438 $180,369 
Total average earning assets$7,094,901 $7,001,048 $7,114,150 $7,056,606 
Add average balance of loan valuation discount20,306 31,269 22,433 27,005 
Avg earning assets, excluding loan valuation discount$7,115,207 $7,032,317 $7,136,583 $7,083,611 
Core net interest margin3.26 %3.27 %3.18 %3.40 %
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Interest Income Investment Securities, Fully Tax Equivalent
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended September 30, 2024Three Months Ended September 30, 2023Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Interest income investment securities$10,989$10,614$34,070 $33,136 
Tax-exempt investment income(2,925)(2,929)(8,836)(8,825)
Taxable investment income3,9153,92111,827 11,813 
Interest income investment securities, FTE$11,979$11,606$37,061 $36,124 
Average investment securities$1,714,458$1,882,672$1,770,816 $1,951,109 
Yield on investment securities2.56 %2.26 %2.57 %2.26 %
Yield on investment securities, FTE2.79 %2.47 %2.79 %2.47 %
ITEM 3. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk arises from changes in interest rates, exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. The Company does not engage in the trading of financial instruments, nor does it have exposure to currency exchange rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily that of interest rate risk, and we have established policies and procedures to monitor and limit our earnings and balance sheet exposure to changes in interest rates. The principal objective of interest rate risk management is to manage the financial components of the Company’s balance sheet in a manner that will optimize the risk/reward equation for earnings and capital under a variety of interest rate scenarios.
To identify areas of potential exposure to interest rate changes, we utilize commercially available modeling software to perform earnings simulations and calculate the Company’s market value of portfolio equity under varying interest rate scenarios every month. The model imports relevant information for the Company’s financial instruments and incorporates management’s assumptions on pricing, duration, and optionality for anticipated new volumes. Various rate scenarios consisting of key rate and yield curve projections are then applied in order to calculate the expected effect of a given interest rate change on interest income, interest expense, and the value of the Company’s financial instruments. The rate projections can be shocked (an immediate and parallel change in all base rates, up or down), ramped (an incremental increase or decrease in rates over a specified time period), economic (based on current trends and econometric models) or stable (unchanged from current actual levels).
The following table shows the estimated changes in net interest income at risk and market value of equity along with policy limits:
September 30, 2024Net Interest Income at RiskMarket Value of Equity
Change in Interest
Rates
% Change
from Base		Policy Limit% Change
from Base		Policy Limit
Up 400 bps(15.4)%(20.0)%(3.7)%(40.0)%
Up 300 bps(6.3)%(15.0)%0.7 %(30.0)%
Up 200 bps(0.3)%(10.0)%3.7 %(20.0)%
Up 100 bps1.8 %(5.0)%3.7 %(10.0)%
Down 100 bps(1.0)%(5.0)%(5.6)%(10.0)%
Down 200 bps— %(10.0)%(11.1)%(20.0)%
We use seven standard interest rate scenarios in conducting our 12-month net interest income simulations: “static,” upward shocks of 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points, and downward shocks of 100, and 200 basis points. Pursuant to policy guidelines, we typically attempt to limit the projected decline in net interest income relative to the stable rate scenario to no more than 5% for a 100 basis point (bp) interest rate shock, 10% for a 200 bp shock, 15% for a 300 bp shock, and 20% for a 400 bp shock. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had the following estimated net interest
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income sensitivity profile, without factoring in any potential negative impact on spreads resulting from competitive pressures or credit quality deterioration:
September 30, 2024Net Interest Income at Risk – Sensitivity Year 1
($ in thousands) -200 bp-100 bpSTATIC +100 bp+200 bp+300 bp+400 bp
Net Interest Income244,149 241,746 244,137 248,485 243,319 228,869 206,668 
Dollar Change12 (2,391)4,348 (818)(15,268)(37,469)
NII @ Risk - Sensitivity Y1— %(1.0)%1.8 %(0.3)%(6.3)%(15.4)%
Policy Limits(10.0)%(5.0)%(5.0)%(10.0)%(15.0)%(20.0)%
If there were an immediate and sustained downward adjustment of 200 basis points in interest rates, all else being equal, net interest income over the next twelve months would likely be approximately $12 thousand higher than in a stable interest rate scenario, for an unchanged variance of 0.0%.
Net interest income would likely decline by $818 thousand, or 0.3%, if interest rates were to increase by 200 basis points relative to a stable interest rate scenario, with the unfavorable variance expanding the higher interest rates rise. The initial increase in rising rate scenarios will be limited to some extent by the fact that some of our variable-rate loans are currently at rate floors, resulting in a re-pricing lag while base rates are increasing to floored levels, but the Company would expect to benefit from a material upward shift in the yield curve.
The Company’s one-year cumulative GAP ratio is approximately 145.0%, which means that there are more assets repricing than liabilities within the first year. The Company is asset sensitive. These results are based on cash flows from assumptions of assets and liabilities that reprice (maturities, likely calls, prepayments, etc.). Typically, the net interest income of asset-sensitive financial institutions should improve with rising rates and decrease with declining rates.
If interest rates change in the modeled amounts, our assets and liabilities may not perform as anticipated. Measuring interest rate risk has inherent limitations including model assumptions. For example, changes in market indices as modeled in conjunction with changes in the shapes of the yield curves could result in different net interest income. We consider many factors in monitoring our interest rate risk, and management adjusts strategies for the balance sheet and earnings as needed.
In addition to the net interest income simulations shown above, we run stress scenarios modeling the possibility of no balance sheet growth, the potential runoff of “surge” core deposits and uninsured depositors, and potential unfavorable movement in deposit rates relative to yields on earning assets. Even though net interest income will naturally be lower with no balance sheet growth, the rate-driven variances projected for net interest income in a static growth environment are similar to the changes noted above for our standard projections. When a greater level of non-maturity deposit runoff is assumed or unfavorable deposit rate changes are factored into the model, projected net interest income in declining rate and flat rate scenarios does not change materially relative to standard growth projections. However, the benefit we would otherwise experience in rising rate scenarios is minimized and net interest income remains relatively flat. Recently, the Company underwent a study of its deposit base and loan prepayment speeds to provide more clarity on the specific movement of its balance sheet during a flat and rising rate environment. The study is updated periodically. The results of the study have been incorporated into the 2024 modeling. In the event the Company exceeds the tolerance for any particular shock, management reviews strategies as to the cause of the breach and institutes actions accordingly. Board level data is provided on a regular basis for all of the modeling results as well as any breach of tolerance levels.
The economic value (or “fair value”) of financial instruments on the Company’s balance sheet will also vary under the interest rate scenarios previously discussed. The difference between the projected fair value of the Company’s financial assets and the fair value of its financial liabilities is referred to as the economic value of equity (“EVE”), and changes in EVE under different interest rate scenarios are effectively a gauge of the Company’s longer-term exposure to interest rate risk. Fair values for financial instruments are estimated by discounting projected cash flows (principal and interest) at projected replacement interest rates for each account type, while the fair value of non-financial accounts is assumed to equal their book value for all rate scenarios. An economic value simulation is a static measure utilizing balance sheet accounts at a given point in time, and the measurement can change substantially over time as the characteristics of the Company’s balance sheet evolve and interest rate and yield curve assumptions are updated.
The change in economic value under different interest rate scenarios depends on the characteristics of each class of financial instrument, including stated interest rates or spreads relative to current or projected market-level interest rates
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or spreads, the likelihood of principal prepayments, whether contractual interest rates are fixed or floating, and the average remaining time to maturity. As a general rule, fixed-rate financial assets become more valuable in declining rate scenarios and less valuable in rising rate scenarios, while fixed-rate financial liabilities gain in value as interest rates rise and lose value as interest rates decline. The longer the duration of the financial instrument, the greater the impact a rate change will have on its value. In our economic value simulations, estimated prepayments are factored in for financial instruments with stated maturity dates, and decay rates for non-maturity deposits are projected based on historical patterns and management’s best estimates. The table below shows estimated changes in the Company’s EVE as of September 30, 2024, under different interest rate scenarios relative to a base case of current interest rates:
September 30, 2024Balance Sheet Shock
($ in thousands)-200 bp-100 bpSTATIC
(Base)		+100 bp+200 bp+300 bp+400 bp
Market Value of Equity1,286,2851,366,1431,446,9011,499,9891,500,4911,457,6551,393,509
Change in EVE from base(160,616)(80,758)53,08853,59010,754(53,392)
% Change(11.1)%(5.6)%3.7 %3.7 %0.7 %(3.7)%
Policy Limits(20.0)%(10.0)%(10.0)%(20.0)%(30.0)%(40.0)%
We also run stress scenarios for EVE to simulate the possibility of higher loan prepayment rates, unfavorable changes in deposit rates, and higher deposit decay rates. Model results are highly sensitive to changes in assumed decay rates for non-maturity deposits, in particular.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of September 30, 2024, (the “Evaluation Date”), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision of and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, the Company and/or The First may be named as defendants in various lawsuits arising out of the normal course of business. At present, with the exception of the matter described below, the Company is not aware of any legal proceedings that it anticipates may materially adversely affect its business.
Nancy Hall, et al. v. The First Bancshares, Inc., Case No. 2:23-cv-192, United States District Court, Southern District of Mississippi.
On December 7, 2023, Nancy Hall, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated ("Plaintiff"), sued The First Bancshares, Inc., as successor in interest to Heritage Southeast Bank, in a putative class action complaint in federal district court for the Southern District of Mississippi. Plaintiff asserts claims based on the alleged improper assessment and collection of overdraft fees. Specifically, Plaintiff's claims relate to overdraft fees resulting from alleged "authorized positive, settle negative" or APSN debit card transactions. The complaint asserts causes of action of breach of contract, including the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and unjust enrichment. The complaint also asserts a claim for alleged violations of Regulation E of the Electronic Funds Transfer Act. The complaint seeks an unspecified amount of damages, restitution, costs, attorney's fees, and interest, as well as injunctive relief.
On February 1, 2024, the Company filed its Answer and Affirmative Defenses. On March 5, 2024, the Company filed a Motion to Stay Proceedings and Compel Arbitration. The court has entered an order staying the case. The Company accrued $750 thousand for this litigation during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
On July 3, 2024, the Plaintiff notified the court that the parties had reached an agreement in principle to settle the case. The Company and the Plaintiff have signed a term sheet to settle the case on a class-wide basis for $995 thousand, subject to court approval. The parties are currently negotiating the terms of the settlement agreement which will be presented to the court for approval.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes in the Risk Factors described in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
PeriodCurrent Programs
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased		Average
Price Paid
Per Share		Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs		Maximum
Approximate Dollar
Value of
Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the
Plans or
Programs
(in thousands) (a)
July 1 -July 311,869 $29.56 — $50,000 
August 1 -August 31— — — 50,000 
September 1 - September 30— — — 50,000 
Total1,869 (b)$29.56 — 
______________________________________
(a)On February 28, 2024, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program (the "2024 Repurchase Program"), pursuant to which the Company may purchase up to an aggregate of $50 million in shares of the Company's issued and outstanding common stock. The 2024 Repurchase Program expires on December 31, 2024.
(b)The 1,869 shares purchased in the third quarter were withheld by the Company in order to satisfy employee tax obligations for vesting of restricted stock awards.
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ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, none of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
(a)Exhibits
Exhibit No.Description
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.1
3.2
3.3
Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the First Bancshares, Inc. (as incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 26, 2023).
3.4
3.5
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
10.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104.Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
________________________________________________
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
THE FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.
(Registrant)
November 8, 2024/s/ M. RAY (HOPPY) COLE, JR.
M. Ray (Hoppy) Cole, Jr.
Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer), Chairman of the Board
(Date)
November 8, 2024/s/ DONNA T. (DEE DEE) LOWERY
Donna T. (Dee Dee) Lowery, Executive
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Principal Accounting Officer)
(Date)
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