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2021年1月11日，我們從一個業務信託texas pacific land trust（“Trust”）進行了重新組織，依據1888年2月1日生效的信託宣言（“Declaration of Trust”）成立的底拉瓦州法律下的德州太平洋地產股份有限公司（“Corporate Reorganization”）。
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. In the event estimates and/or assumptions prove to be different from actual amounts, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information.
Cash,CashEquivalents and Restricted Cash
We consider investments in bank deposits, money market funds, and other highly-liquid cash investments, such as U.S. Treasury bills and commercial paper, with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Our cash equivalents are considered Level 1 assets in the fair value hierarchy.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that correspond to the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents
$
533,914
$
725,169
Tax like-kind exchange escrow
—
5,380
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows
$
533,914
$
730,549
Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions
We evaluate whether a transaction meets the definition of a business. We first apply a screen test to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If the screen test is met, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition.If the screen test is not met, we further consider whether the set of assets acquired have, at a minimum, inputs and processes that have the ability to create outputs in the form of revenue. If the assets acquired meet this criteria, the transaction is accounted for as a business combination.
Acquisitions that qualify as an asset acquisition are accounted for using a cost accumulation model where the purchase price of the acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired on a relative fair value basis on the date of acquisition. We generally account for acquisitions of mineral and royalty interests as asset acquisitions. Inputs used to determine such fair values are primarily based upon internally-developed models, publicly-available drilling information, a risk-adjusted discount rate and publicly-available data regarding mineral transactions consummated by other buyers and sellers, as applicable. These fair values are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy. Any associated acquisition costs are capitalized.
Acquisitions that qualify as a business combination are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The fair value of consideration transferred for an acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair value on a nonrecurring basis on the acquisition date and are subject to fair value adjustments under certain circumstances.The excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Conversely, in the event the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is greater than the consideration transferred, a bargain purchase gain is recognized.
Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions as fair values are not always readily determinable.Different techniques may be used to determine fair values, including market prices (where available), comparisons to transactions for similar assets and liabilities and the discounted net present value of estimated future cash flows, among others.We engage third-party valuation firms when appropriate to assist in the fair value determination of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Acquisition-related expenses and transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred.We may adjust the amounts recognized in an
acquisition during a measurement period not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, as a result of subsequently obtaining additional information that existed at the acquisition date.
3. Assets Acquired in a Business Combination
On August 20, 2024, we acquired 4,120 acres of land along with other surface-related tangible and intangible assets (collectively referred to as the “Acquired Assets”) from an unaffiliated seller for total consideration of $45.0 million, in an all-cash transaction. There were no liabilities assumed by the Company in this transaction. The Acquired Assets generate revenue streams across water sales, produced water royalties, and SLEM revenue, and provide additional commercial growth opportunities for the Company to expand water sourcing and produced water opportunities to both new and existing customers. The Acquired Assets are located in the Midland Basin.
The Acquired Assets included the following:
Acquired Assets
Balance Sheet Classification
Business Segment
4,120 acres of land
Real estate acquired
Land and Resource Management
Water sourcing assets, including water pits, water wells, pipes and electrical infrastructure
Property, plant and equipment
Water Services and Operations
A 25% non-operating working interest in an existing saltwater disposal (“SWD”) system
Property, plant and equipment
Water Services and Operations
Contractual right to a 10% royalty on produced water revenue generated from the SWD system
Intangible assets
Water Services and Operations
Contractual right to a 7.5% royalty on revenue generated from nonhazardous oilfield solids waste disposal site
Intangible assets
Land and Resource Management
The combination of the 25% non-operating working interest and the 10% royalty interest from the SWD system entitles the Company to 32.5% of produced water revenues generated from the SWD system. As a 25% non-operating working interest owner, the Company is also responsible for its 25% share of operating expenses associated with the SWD system. The operator of the SWD system is responsible for the day-to-day management and operations. Of the 4,120 acres of land acquired, approximately 392 acres are leased to, and operated by, an environmental solution (“ES”) company that operates a nonhazardous oilfield solids waste disposal site. The ES company pays a 7.5% royalty, on revenue generated, to the Company. The Company reports this as SLEM revenue.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method, and therefore, the Acquired Assets were recorded based on their fair value on a nonrecurring basis on the date of acquisition and are subject to fair value adjustments under certain circumstances. When determining the fair values of assets acquired, management made estimates, judgements and assumptions. Inputs used to determine fair values of assets included internally-developed models, risk-adjusted discount rates by asset class, publicly available data on land sales comparisons and other costs analysis. These fair values are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy. There was no goodwill recorded on this acquisition.
The Company’s determination of the fair value attributable to the Acquired Assets based on the fair value at the acquisition date is preliminary. Certain data necessary to complete the purchase price allocation is subject to change. We expect to complete the purchase price allocation prior to December 31, 2024, during which time the value of the assets may be revised as appropriate. The following table presents the allocation of fair value by asset class as of August 20, 2024 (in thousands):
Real estate acquired
$
12,100
Property, plant and equipment
17,200
Intangible assets
15,700
Total consideration and fair value
$
45,000
The Company incurred $0.1 million of transaction-related costs related to this asset acquisition during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and such costs are included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
From August 20, 2024 through September 30, 2024, revenues and operating expenses from the business combination were approximately $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively, and are included in our condensed consolidated statements of income. Pro forma financial information is not disclosed as the acquisition was deemed not to have a material impact on our results of operations.
4. Real Estate Activity
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, TPL owned the following land and real estate (in thousands, except number of acres):
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Number of Acres
Net Book Value
Number of Acres
Net Book Value
Land (surface rights)(1)
798,991
$
—
798,999
$
—
Real estate acquired
74,124
142,727
69,447
130,024
Total real estate
873,115
$
142,727
868,446
$
130,024
(1)Real estate assigned through the Declaration of Trust.
Land Acquisitions
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we acquired 4,120 acres in a business combination with a fair value of $12.1 million and 640 acres of land for an aggregate purchase price of $1.0 million. See further discussion of the business combination at Note 3, “Assets Acquired in a Business Combination.” During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we acquired 12,141 acres of land for an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million.
Land Sales
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold 91 acres of land for an aggregate sales price of $2.1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we sold 18,061 acres of land for an aggregate sales price of $6.8 million.
5. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Property, plant and equipment, at cost:
Water service-related assets (1)
$
175,269
$
136,340
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
10,018
9,801
Other
598
598
Total property, plant and equipment, at cost
185,885
146,739
Less: accumulated depreciation
(66,777)
(57,152)
Property, plant and equipment, net
$
119,108
$
89,587
(1)Includes $17.2 million of assets acquired in a business combination. For further information, see Note 3, “Assets Acquired in a Business Combination.”
Depreciation expense was $3.4 million and $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense was $9.7 million and $9.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(1)Royalty interests assigned through the Declaration of Trust.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we acquired oil and gas royalty interests in 4,106 NRA in Culberson County, Texas for a purchase price of approximately $120.3 million, net of post-close adjustments, in an all-cash transaction. The acquisition was completed in conjunction with another entity that assigned a share of its interest in a purchase and sales agreement with an unaffiliated seller to the Company. Each party paid a pro-rata share of the purchase price and closing costs to the seller.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we acquired oil and gas royalty interests in 119 NRA for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $3.6 million. There were no sales of oil and gas royalty interests during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Depletion expense was $1.9 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depletion expense was $2.9 million and $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
7. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Intangible assets, at cost:
Saltwater disposal easement
$
17,557
$
17,557
Contracts acquired in a business combination (1)
15,700
—
Groundwater rights acquired
3,846
3,846
Total intangible assets, at cost (2)
37,103
21,403
Less: accumulated amortization
(1,330)
(378)
Intangible assets, net
$
35,773
$
21,025
(1)See further discussion in Note 3, “Assets Acquired in a Business Combination.”
(2)The remaining weighted average amortization period for total intangible assets was 15.8 years as of September 30, 2024.
Amortization of intangible assets was $0.4 million and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets was $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The estimated future annual amortization expense of intangible assets is $0.6 million for the remainder of 2024, $2.3 million for each year of 2025 through 2029, and $23.7 million thereafter.
The Company grants share-based compensation to employees under the Texas Pacific Land Corporation 2021 Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) and to its non-employee directors under the 2021 Non-Employee Director Stock and Deferred Compensation Plan (the “2021 Directors Plan” and, with the 2021 Plan, collectively referred to herein as the “Plans”). In conjunction with the three-for-one stock split effected on March 26, 2024, the Plans were adjusted to increase the authorized number of shares that may be issued under the Plans. As of September 30, 2024, share-based compensation granted under the Plans has included these award types: stock awards, RSAs, RSUs and PSUs. Currently, all awards granted under the plans are entitled to receive dividends (which are accrued and distributed to award recipients upon vesting) or have dividend equivalent rights. Dividends and dividend equivalent rights are subject to the same vesting conditions as the awards to which they relate and are forfeitable if the related awards are forfeited. RSUs granted under the 2021 Plan vest in one-third increments and PSUs granted under the 2021 Plan cliff vest at the end of three years if the performance metrics are achieved (as discussed further below). RSAs granted prior to October 31, 2023 under the 2021 Directors Plan vested on the first anniversary of the award. Effective October 31, 2023, the 2021 Directors Plan was amended such that stock awards granted vest in full on the date of grant.
Incentive Plan for Employees
The maximum aggregate number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock that may be issued under the 2021 Plan is 225,000 shares, which may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued shares, treasury shares, or shares reacquired by the Company in any manner. As of September 30, 2024, 136,238 shares of Common Stock remained available under the 2021 Plan for future grants.
The following table summarizes activity related to RSAs and RSUs under the 2021 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted Stock Units
Number of RSAs
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Number of RSUs
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Number of RSAs
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Number of RSUs
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Nonvested at beginning of period (1)
—
$
—
18,675
$
527
4,011
$
417
16,836
$
441
Granted (2)
—
—
12,655
481
—
—
8,544
641
Vested (3)
—
—
(7,812)
507
—
—
(5,592)
441
Cancelled and forfeited
—
—
(306)
528
—
—
—
—
Nonvested at end of period
—
$
—
23,212
$
509
4,011
$
417
19,788
$
528
(1)There were 4,011 RSAs unvested as of September 30, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the 4,011 RSAs had either vested or had been forfeited. No additional RSAs have been granted under the 2021 plan.
(2)RSUs vest in one-third increments over a three-year period.
(3)Of the 7,812 RSUs that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 2,948 RSUs were surrendered by employees to the Company upon vesting to settle tax withholdings.
The following table summarizes activity related to PSUs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
Number of Target PSUs
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Number of Target PSUs
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Nonvested at beginning of period (1)
12,738
$
595
7,182
$
452
Granted (2)
8,340
538
5,556
781
Vested
—
—
—
—
Cancelled and forfeited
—
—
—
—
Nonvested at end of period
21,078
$
573
12,738
$
595
(1)Nonvested PSUs as of January 1, 2024 include 6,369 RTSR (as defined below) PSUs and 6,369 FCF (as defined below) PSUs. If the maximum amount of the performance metrics described in the PSU agreements are achieved, the actual number of shares that will ultimately be awarded under the PSU agreements will exceed target PSUs by 100% (i.e., a collective 12,738 additional shares would be issued).
(2)The PSUs were granted on February 13, 2024 and include 4,170 RTSR PSUs (based on target) with a grant date fair value of $602 per share and 4,170 FCF PSUs (based on target) with a grant date fair value of $475 per share. If the maximum amount of the performance metrics described in the PSU agreements are achieved, the actual number of shares that will ultimately be awarded under the PSU agreements will exceed target PSUs by 100% (i.e., a collective 8,340 additional shares would be issued).
Each PSU has a value equal to one share of Common Stock. The PSUs will vest three years after grant if certain performance metrics are met, as follows: 50% of the PSUs may be earned based on the Company’s relative total stockholder return (“RTSR”) over the applicable three-year measurement period compared to the SPDR® S&P® Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF (“XOP Index”), and 50% of the PSUs may be earned based on the cumulative free cash flow per share (“FCF”) over the three-year vesting period. Because the RTSR PSU is a market-based award, its grant date fair value was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model that uses the same input assumptions as the Black-Scholes model to determine the expected potential ranking of the Company against the XOP Index (i.e., the probability of satisfying the market condition defined in the award). Expected volatility in the model was estimated based on the volatility of historical stock prices over a period matching the expected term of the award. The risk-free interest rate was based on U.S. Treasury yield constant maturities for a term matching the expected term of the award. The inputs for the Monte Carlo simulation model are designated as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors
The maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the 2021 Directors Plan is 30,000 shares, which may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued shares, treasury shares, or shares reacquired by the Company in any manner. As of September 30, 2024, 24,219shares of Common Stock remained available under the 2021 Directors Plan for future grants.
The following table summarizes activity related to the RSAs under the 2021 Directors Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
Number of RSAs
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Number of RSAs
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Share
Nonvested at beginning of period
1,134
$
781
2,097
$
427
Granted (1)
—
—
1,458
781
Vested
(1,134)
781
(2,097)
427
Cancelled and forfeited
—
—
—
—
Nonvested at end of period
—
$
—
1,458
$
781
(1)RSAs granted prior to October 31, 2023 vest on the first anniversary of the grant date.
In January 2024, the Company granted a total of 2,160 shares of Common Stock with a grant date fair value of $524 per share, which was the closing price of its Common Stock on the date of grant, to the members of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). The stock awards were vested in full on the date of grant.
Share-Based Compensation Expense
The following table summarizes our share-based compensation expense by line item in the condensed consolidated statements of income (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Salaries and related employee expenses (employee awards)
$
2,935
$
2,502
$
7,855
$
7,217
General and administrative expenses (director awards)
—
287
1,134
895
Total share-based compensation expense (1)
$
2,935
$
2,789
$
8,989
$
8,112
(1)The Company recognized a tax benefit of $0.6 million related to share-based compensation for each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company recognized a tax benefit of $1.9 million and $1.7 million related to share-based compensation for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
As of September 30, 2024, there was $11.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under existing share-based plans expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years.
9. Other Income, Net
Other income, net, includes interest earned on our cash balances and miscellaneous income (expense).
Other income, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Other income, net:
Interest earned on cash and cash equivalents, net
$
7,913
$
7,850
$
28,475
$
19,849
Miscellaneous income (expense), net (1)
173
129
2,774
390
Total other income, net
$
8,086
$
7,979
$
31,249
$
20,239
(1)During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, miscellaneous income (expense), net includes $1.9 million of proceeds from a settlement with a title company regarding a defect in title to property acquired in a prior year.
10. Income Taxes
The calculation of our effective tax rate was as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except percentages):
For interim periods, our income tax expense and resulting effective tax rate are based upon an estimated annual effective tax rate adjusted for the effects of items required to be treated as discrete to the period, including changes in tax laws, changes in estimated exposures for uncertain tax positions, and other items.
11. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed based upon the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period plus unvested restricted stock and other unvested awards granted pursuant to our incentive and equity compensation plans. The computation of diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if all outstanding awards under the incentive and equity compensation plans were converted into shares of Common Stock or resulted in the issuance of shares of Common Stock that would then share in the earnings of the Company. The number of dilutive securities is computed using the treasury stock method.
The following table sets forth the computation of EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except number of shares and per share data):
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Net income
$
106,594
$
105,574
$
335,600
$
292,535
Basic earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share
22,979,781
23,026,563
22,990,213
23,054,073
Basic earnings per share
$
4.64
$
4.58
$
14.60
$
12.69
Diluted earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share
22,979,781
23,026,563
22,990,213
23,054,073
Effect of dilutive securities:
Incentive and equity compensation plans
32,388
18,760
26,520
18,882
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share
23,012,169
23,045,323
23,016,733
23,072,955
Diluted earnings per share
$
4.63
$
4.58
$
14.58
$
12.68
Restricted stock, if any, is included in the number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, but omitted from the basic EPS calculation until such time as the shares of restricted stock vest. Certain stock awards granted are not included in the dilutive securities in the table above as they were anti-dilutive for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. There were no anti-dilutive securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.
12. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
Management is not aware of any legal, environmental or other commitments or contingencies that would have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity as of September 30, 2024, other than as described below.
Prior to January 1, 2022, ad valorem taxes with respect to our historical royalty interests were paid directly by third parties pursuant to an existing arrangement. After the completion of our Corporate Reorganization, we received notice from a third party that it no longer intended to pay the ad valorem taxes related to such historical royalty interests. In order to protect the historical royalty interests from any potential tax liens for non-payment of ad valorem taxes, we have accrued and/or paid such ad valorem taxes since January 1, 2022. While we intend to seek reimbursement from the third party for such taxes, we are unable to estimate the amount and/or likelihood of such reimbursement, and accordingly, no loss recovery receivable has been recorded as of September 30, 2024.
The following tables present changes in our equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts):
Common Stock
Treasury Stock
Additional Paid-in Capital
Accum. Other Comp. Income (Loss)
Retained Earnings
Total Equity
Shares
Amount
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024:
Balances as of December 31, 2023
23,007,681
$
78
$
(144,998)
$
14,613
$
1,831
$
1,171,672
$
1,043,196
Net income
—
—
—
—
—
114,417
114,417
Issuance of common stock related to stock split
—
153
—
(153)
—
—
—
Dividends paid — $1.17 per share of common stock
—
—
—
—
—
(26,907)
(26,907)
Share-based compensation, net of forfeitures
8,373
—
4,698
(1,297)
—
15
3,416
Repurchases of common stock and related excise taxes
(20,106)
—
(10,445)
—
—
—
(10,445)
Shares exchanged for tax withholdings
(2,469)
—
(1,207)
—
—
—
(1,207)
Periodic pension costs, net of income taxes of $6
—
—
—
—
(21)
—
(21)
Balances as of March 31, 2024
22,993,479
231
(151,952)
13,163
1,810
1,259,197
1,122,449
Net income
—
—
—
—
—
114,589
114,589
Dividends paid — $1.17 per share of common stock
—
—
—
—
—
(26,894)
(26,894)
Share-based compensation, net of forfeitures
—
—
—
2,700
—
(58)
2,642
Repurchases of common stock and related excise taxes
(10,087)
—
(6,344)
—
—
—
(6,344)
Periodic pension costs, net of income taxes of $5
—
—
—
—
(21)
—
(21)
Balances as of June 30, 2024
22,983,392
231
(158,296)
15,863
1,789
1,346,834
1,206,421
Net income
—
—
—
—
—
106,594
106,594
Dividends paid — $1.17 per share of common stock
—
—
—
—
—
(26,915)
(26,915)
Special dividends paid — $10.00 per share of common stock
—
—
—
—
—
(229,834)
(229,834)
Share-based compensation, net of forfeitures
1,599
—
2,430
528
—
(521)
2,437
Repurchases of common stock and related excise taxes
Repurchases of common stock and related excise taxes
(10,881)
—
(6,749)
—
—
—
(6,749)
Shares exchanged for tax withholdings
(1,464)
—
(939)
—
—
—
(939)
Periodic pension costs, net of income taxes of $6
—
—
—
—
(25)
—
(25)
Balances as of March 31, 2023
23,079,960
78
(108,794)
7,733
2,491
927,543
829,051
Net income
—
—
—
—
—
100,393
100,393
Dividends paid — $1.08 per share of common stock
—
—
—
—
—
(24,966)
(24,966)
Share-based compensation, net of forfeitures
—
—
—
2,849
—
(43)
2,806
Repurchases of common stock and related excise taxes
(42,525)
—
(19,708)
—
—
—
(19,708)
Periodic pension costs, net of income taxes of $8
—
—
—
—
(26)
—
(26)
Balances as of June 30, 2023
23,037,435
78
(128,502)
10,582
2,465
1,002,927
887,550
Net income
—
—
—
—
—
105,574
105,574
Dividends paid — $1.08 per share of common stock
—
—
—
—
—
(24,952)
(24,952)
Share-based compensation, net of forfeitures
1,782
—
990
1,800
—
(38)
2,752
Repurchases of common stock and related excise taxes
(10,692)
—
(5,995)
—
—
—
(5,995)
Shares exchanged for tax withholdings
(543)
—
(345)
—
—
—
(345)
Periodic pension costs, net of income taxes of $7
—
—
—
—
(26)
—
(26)
Balances as of September 30, 2023
23,027,982
$
78
$
(133,852)
$
12,382
$
2,439
$
1,083,511
$
964,558
Increase in Authorized Shares of Common Stock
On March 1, 2024, the Company increased its authorized shares of capital stock to 47,536,936, consisting of 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock and 46,536,936 shares of Common Stock. For further information see Note 1, “Organization and Description of Business Segments.”
Stock Repurchase Program
On November 1, 2022, our Board approved a stock repurchase program, which became effective January 1, 2023, to purchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our outstanding Common Stock.
The Company opportunistically repurchases stock under the stock repurchase program with funds generated by cash from operations. This stock repurchase program may be suspended from time to time, modified, extended or discontinued by the Board at any time. Purchases under the stock repurchase program may be made through a combination of open market repurchases in compliance with Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, privately negotiated transactions, and/or other transactions at the Company’s discretion, including under a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan implemented by the Company, and are subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we repurchased shares of our Common Stock in amounts totaling $22.7 million and $32.2 million, respectively.
14. Business Segment Reporting
During the periods presented, we reported our financial performance based on the following segments: Land and Resource Management and Water Services and Operations. Our segments provide management with a comprehensive financial view of our key businesses. The segments enable the alignment of our strategies and objectives and provide a framework for timely and rational allocation of resources within businesses. We eliminate any inter-segment revenues and expenses upon consolidation.
The Land and Resource Management segment encompasses the business of managing our approximately 873,000 surface acres of land and our approximately 199,000 NRA of oil and gas royalty interests, principally concentrated in the Permian Basin. The revenue streams of this segment consist primarily of royalties from oil and gas, revenues from easements and commercial leases, and land and material sales.
The Water Services and Operations segment encompasses the business of providing a full-service water offering to operators in the Permian Basin. The revenue streams of this segment primarily consist of revenue generated from sales of sourced and treated water as well as revenue from produced water royalties.
The following table presents segment financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Revenues:
Land and resource management
$
106,648
$
109,933
$
322,165
$
315,276
Water services and operations
66,915
48,034
197,874
149,662
Total consolidated revenues
$
173,563
$
157,967
$
520,039
$
464,938
Net income:
Land and resource management
$
71,870
$
82,884
$
232,970
$
217,860
Water services and operations
34,724
22,690
102,630
74,675
Total consolidated net income
$
106,594
$
105,574
$
335,600
$
292,535
Capital expenditures:
Land and resource management
$
66
$
47
$
210
$
191
Water services and operations
9,767
5,196
21,784
10,196
Total capital expenditures
$
9,833
$
5,243
$
21,994
$
10,387
Depreciation, depletion and amortization:
Land and resource management
$
2,135
$
703
$
3,641
$
2,233
Water services and operations
3,627
2,881
10,054
8,648
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization
$
5,762
$
3,584
$
13,695
$
10,881
The following table presents total assets and property, plant and equipment, net by segment as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Assets:
Land and resource management
$
954,411
$
975,136
Water services and operations
221,158
181,262
Total consolidated assets
$
1,175,569
$
1,156,398
Property, plant and equipment, net:
Land and resource management
$
4,937
$
5,322
Water services and operations
114,171
84,265
Total consolidated property, plant and equipment, net
We measure our share of oil and gas produced in barrels of oil equivalent (“Boe”). One Boe equals one barrel of crude oil, condensate, NGLs (natural gas liquids) or approximately 6,000 cubic feet of gas. For each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, our share of oil and gas produced was approximately 28.3 and 21.8 thousand Boe per day, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, our share of oil and gas produced was approximately 26.0 and 22.6 thousand Boe per day, respectively. Reserves related to our royalty interests are not presented because the information is unavailable.
There are a number of oil and gas wells where we have a royalty interest that have been permitted but are still awaiting drilling and completion activity. In addition, we have also identified oil and gas wells where we have a royalty interest that have been drilled but are not yet completed (“DUC”). These permitted and DUC wells represent potential near-term candidates for further development by operators towards ultimately being placed into production. We have identified 496 permitted gross wells (an estimated 6.9 net wells) and 673 DUC wells (an estimated 11.8 net wells) subject to our royalty interest as of September 30, 2024. The number of permitted and DUC wells is determined using uniform drilling spacing units with pooled interests for all wells awaiting completion.
16. Subsequent Events
We evaluated events that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date these financial statements were issued, and the following events that met recognition or disclosure criteria were identified:
Royalty Interest Acquisition
On October 2, 2024, we acquired approximately 7,490 NRA located primarily in the Midland Basin in Martin, Midland and other counties, with over 80% of the acquired interests adjacent to or overlapping existing TPL surface and royalty acreage for total cash consideration of $276.4 million, $43.0 million of which represented a deposit held in escrow as of September 30, 2024 and recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet and reported as a cash outflow in the investing section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Dividends Declared
On November 4, 2024, our Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.60 per share, payable on December 16, 2024 to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 2, 2024.
Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) including statements regarding management’s expectations, hopes, intentions or strategies regarding the future. Words or phrases such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “could,” “will,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “should,” “would,” and “believes”, or similar expressions, when used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding the Company’s future operations and prospects, the markets for real estate in the areas in which the Company owns real estate, applicable zoning regulations, the markets for oil and gas including actions of other oil and gas producers or consortiums worldwide such as the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) and Russia (collectively referred to as “OPEC+”), expected competition, management’s intent, beliefs or current expectations with respect to the Company’s future financial performance and other matters. All forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are based on information available to us as of the date this Quarterly Report is filed with the SEC, and we assume no responsibility to update any such forward-looking statements, except as required by law. All forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of Part I ofour Annual Reporton Form 10-Kfor the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Annual Report”), and in Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our 2023 Annual Report filed with the SEC on February 21, 2024 and the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Period-to-period comparisons of financial data are not necessarily indicative, and therefore, should not be relied upon as indicators, of the Company’s future performance.
Overview
Texas Pacific Land Corporation (which, together with its subsidiaries as the context requires, may be referred to as “TPL”, the “Company”, “our”, “we” or “us”) is one of the largest landowners in the State of Texas with approximately 873,000 surface acres of land, with the majority of our ownership concentrated in the Permian Basin. Additionally, we own a 1/128th nonparticipating perpetual oil and gas royalty interest (“NPRI”) under approximately 85,000 acres of land, a 1/16th NPRI under approximately 371,000 acres of land, and approximately 8,000 additional net royalty acres (normalized to 1/8th) (“NRA”), for a collective total of approximately 199,000 NRA, principally concentrated in the Permian Basin.
The Company was originally organized under a Declaration of Trust, dated February 1, 1888, to receive and hold title to extensive tracts of land in the State of Texas that were previously the property of the Texas and Pacific Railway Company. We completed our reorganization on January 11, 2021 from a business trust, Texas Pacific Land Trust, into Texas Pacific Land Corporation, a corporation formed and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware.
We are not an oil and gas producer. Our business activity is generated from surface and royalty interest ownership, primarily in the Permian Basin. Our revenues are derived from oil and gas royalties, water sales, produced water royalties, easements and other surface-related income and land sales. Due to the nature of our operations and concentration of our ownership in one geographic location, our revenue and net income are subject to substantial fluctuations from quarter to quarter and year to year. In addition to fluctuations in response to changes in the market price for oil and gas, our financial results are also subject to decisions by not only the owners and operators of the oil and gas wells to which our oil and gas royalty interests relate, but also to other owners and operators in the Permian Basin as it relates to our other revenue streams, principally water sales, produced water royalties, easements, and other surface-related revenue.
For a detailed overview of our business and business segments, see Part I, Item 1. “Business — General” in our 2023 Annual Report.
While average oil prices for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 have increased slightly compared to average oil prices during the same period last year, average oil prices for the three months ended September 30, 2024 have decreased compared to the same period of 2023. Oil prices continue to be impacted by certain actions by OPEC+, geopolitics, and evolving global supply and demand trends, among other factors. Average natural gas prices during 2024 have decreased compared to average prior year natural gas prices. Global and domestic natural gas markets have experienced volatility due to macroeconomic conditions, infrastructure and logistical constraints, weather, and geopolitics, among other factors. Since mid-2022, the Waha Hub located in Pecos County, Texas has at times experienced significant negative price differentials relative to Henry Hub, located in Erath, Louisiana, due in part to growing local Permian natural gas production and limited natural gas pipeline takeaway capacity with 2024 having experienced negative Waha natural gas prices throughout much of the year. Midstream infrastructure is currently being developed by operators to provide additional takeaway capacity, though the impact on future basis differentials will be dependent on future natural gas production and other factors. Changes in global and domestic macro-economic conditions could result in additional shifts in oil and gas supply and demand in future periods. Although our revenues are directly and indirectly impacted by changes in oil and natural gas prices, we believe our royalty interests (which require no capital expenditures or operating expense burden from us for well development), strong balance sheet, and liquidity position will help us navigate through potential commodity price volatility.
Permian Basin Activity
The Permian Basin is one of the oldest and most well-known hydrocarbon-producing areas and currently accounts for a substantial portion of oil and gas production in the United States, covering approximately 86,000 square miles across southeastern New Mexico and western Texas. Exploration and production (“E&P”) companies operating in the Permian Basin continue to maintain robust drilling and development activity. Per the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Permian production is currently in excess of 6.0 million barrels per day, which is higher than the average daily production in this region for any year prior to 2024.
Due to our ownership concentration in the Permian Basin, our revenues are directly impacted by oil and gas pricing and drilling activity in the Permian Basin. Below are metrics for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Oil and Gas Pricing Metrics:(1)
WTI Cushing average price per bbl
$
76.43
$
82.25
$
78.58
$
77.27
Henry Hub average price per mmbtu
$
2.11
$
2.59
$
2.11
$
2.46
Waha Hub natural gas average price per mmbtu
$
(0.50)
$
2.04
$
(0.02)
$
1.73
Activity Metrics specific to the Permian Basin:(1)(2)
Average monthly horizontal permits
683
640
655
641
Average monthly horizontal wells drilled
492
514
506
536
Average weekly horizontal rig count
294
314
299
330
DUCs as of September 30 for each applicable year
4,491
4,857
4,491
4,857
Total Average US weekly horizontal rig count (2)
521
578
560
642
(1) Commonly used definitions in the oil and gas industry provided in the table above are defined as follows: WTI Cushing represents West Texas Intermediate. Bbl represents one barrel of 42 U.S. gallons of oil. Mmbtu represents one million British thermal units, a measurement used for natural gas. Waha Hub natural gas pricing data per Bloomberg. DUCs represent drilled but uncompleted wells. DUC classification is based on well data and date stamps provided by Enverus. DUCs are based on wells that have a drilled/spud date stamp but do not have a completed or first production date stamp. Excludes wells that have been labeled plugged and abandoned or permit expired and wells drilled/spud more than five years ago.
(2) Permian Basin specific information per Enverus analytics. US weekly horizontal rig counts per Baker Hughes United States Rotary Rig Count for horizontal rigs. Statistics for similar data are also available from other sources. The comparability between these other sources and the sources used by the Company may differ.
The metrics above show selected domestic benchmark oil and natural gas prices and approximate activity levels in the Permian Basin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. While average oil prices for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 have increased slightly compared to the same period in 2023, average oil prices for the three months ended September 30, 2024 have decreased compared to the same period of 2023. Natural gas prices for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 have declined compared to the same period last year. E&P companies broadly continue to deploy capital at a measured pace as drilling and development activities across the Permian Basin have remained strong overall. As we are a significant landowner in the Permian Basin and not an oil and gas producer, our revenue is affected by the development decisions made by companies that operate in the areas where we own royalty interests and land. Accordingly, these decisions made by others affect, both directly and indirectly, our oil and gas royalties, produced water royalties, water sales, and other surface-related income.
Liquidityand Capital Resources
Overview
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash flows generated from our operations. Our primary liquidity and capital requirements are for capital expenditures related to our Water Services and Operations segment (the extent and timing of which are under our control), working capital and general corporate needs.
We continuously review our levels of liquidity and capital resources. If market conditions were to change and our revenues were to decline significantly or our operating costs were to increase significantly, our cash flows and liquidity could be reduced. Should this occur, we could seek alternative sources of funding. We had no debt, credit facilities or any off-balance sheet arrangements, as of September 30, 2024.
As we evaluate our current capital structure, capital allocation priorities, business fundamentals, and investment opportunities, we have set a target cash and cash equivalents balance of approximately $700 million. Above this target, we will seek to deploy the majority of our free cash flow towards additional dividends and share repurchases. As of September 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $533.9 million that we expect to utilize, along with cash flow from operations, to provide capital to support our business, to repurchase our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), subject to market conditions, to pay dividends subject to the discretion of our board of directors (the “Board”), for potential acquisitions and for general corporate purposes. We believe that cash from operations, together with our cash and cash equivalents balances, will be sufficient to meet ongoing capital expenditures, working capital requirements and other cash needs for the foreseeable future.
Return of Capital to Shareholders
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we paid total dividends to our stockholders of $310.6 million, consisting of special cash dividends of $10.00 per share of Common Stock and regular quarterly cash dividends of $1.17 per share of Common Stock. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we repurchased $22.7 million of our Common Stock (including share repurchases not settled at the end of the period).
Acquisition Activity
We completed two separate acquisitions in August 2024, each in an all-cash transaction. We acquired mineral interests across approximately 4,106 NRA located in Culberson County, Texas for a purchase price of $120.3 million, net of post-close adjustments. The acquisition was completed in conjunction with Brigham Royalties Fund I Holdco, L.L.C., a subsidiary of Brigham Royalties, in an arms-length transaction with an unaffiliated seller. See further discussion of this acquisition in Note 6, “Oil and Gas Royalty Interests.” The acquired mineral interests overlap with existing TPL royalty acreage. Additionally, we acquired 4,120 surface acres in Martin County, Texas along with other surface-related tangible and intangible assets in a business combination for total consideration of $45.0 million. See further discussion of this acquisition in Note 3, “Assets Acquired in a Business Combination.”
On October 2, 2024, we acquired approximately 7,490 NRA located primarily in the Midland Basin in Martin, Midland and other counties, with over 80% of the acquired interests adjacent to or overlapping existing TPL surface and royalty acreage for cash consideration of $276.4 million, $43.0 million of which was held in escrow as of September 30, 2024.
Development of Innovative Solutions for Produced Water and Capital Expenditures
In May 2024, we announced our progress towards developing innovative solutions for produced water in the Permian Basin. Over the last few years, we have been working with a leading industrial technology and manufacturing firm to develop an energy-efficient desalination and treatment process and associated equipment that can recycle produced water into fresh water with quality standards appropriate for surface discharge and beneficial reuse. With the Permian Basin generating approximately 18 million barrels of produced water per day, we believe this technology would provide an attractive and critical alternative to subsurface injection. We have successfully tested a pilot program in our research and development lab, and we are now working towards the next phase of constructing a facility with an initial capacity of 10,000 barrels of water per day. We filed a patent application for the desalination and treatment process and have secured exclusive use-rights for the equipment towards produced water applications. We are also in commercial discussions with the some of the largest, most active oil and gas upstream operators as we look to provide critical, technology-driven solutions while also optimizing our economic interests and limiting capital expense. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we have spent $5.3 million on this new energy-efficient desalination and treatment process and equipment, of which $3.4 million was capitalized.
Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we invested approximately $18.4 million to maintain and/or enhance our water sourcing assets.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, net cash provided by operating activities was $364.1 million and $306.9 million, respectively. Our cash flow provided by operating activities is primarily from oil, gas and produced water royalties, water and land sales, easements, and other surface-related income. Cash flows used in operations generally consist of operating expenses associated with our revenue streams, general and administrative expenses and income taxes.
The increase in cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 was primarily driven by an increase in operating income and changes in working capital requirements during 2024 as compared to 2023.
Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $225.8 million and $55.9 million, respectively. Our cash flows used in investing activities are primarily related to acquisitions and capital expenditures related to our water services and operations segment. Our acquisitions may include land, royalty interests and other similar tangible and intangible assets.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the cash flows used for acquisitions, including a deposit for an acquisition, totaled $209.3 million and $45.3 million, respectively. For further information regarding acquisitions during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and thereafter, see “Acquisition Activity” above. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were $22.0 million and $10.4 million, respectively.
Cash Flows Used in Financing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $335.0 million and $108.6 million, respectively. Our cash flows used in financing activities primarily consist of activities that return capital to our stockholders, such as payments of dividends and repurchases of our Common Stock.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we paid total dividends of $310.6 million and $75.0 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we repurchased $22.7 million and $32.2 million of our Common Stock, respectively (including share repurchases not settled at the end of the period).
The following table shows our consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Revenues:
Oil and gas royalties
$
94,444
$
87,102
$
276,377
$
258,644
Water sales
36,211
26,422
113,987
85,799
Produced water royalties
27,727
20,849
76,034
61,824
Easements and other surface-related income
14,280
18,188
51,496
51,865
Land sales
901
5,406
2,145
6,806
Total revenues
173,563
157,967
520,039
464,938
Expenses:
Salaries and related employee expenses
14,030
11,499
39,262
32,688
Water service-related expenses
11,731
8,553
36,767
24,496
General and administrative expenses
4,029
3,859
12,626
10,738
Legal and professional fees
8,316
1,689
14,680
28,471
Ad valorem and other taxes
2,189
1,781
5,990
5,425
Land sales expenses
175
44
425
49
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
5,762
3,584
13,695
10,881
Total operating expenses
46,232
31,009
123,445
112,748
Operating income
127,331
126,958
396,594
352,190
Other income, net
8,086
7,979
31,249
20,239
Income before income taxes
135,417
134,937
427,843
372,429
Income tax expense
28,823
29,363
92,243
79,894
Net income
$
106,594
$
105,574
$
335,600
$
292,535
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 as Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Consolidated Revenues and Net Income:
Total revenues increased 9.9%, to $173.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $158.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. This increase in total revenues was principally related to a $9.8 million increase in water sales, a $7.3 million increase in oil and gas royalty revenue, and a $6.9 million increase in produced water royalties, partially offset by a decrease in easements and other surface-related income and land sales over the same period. Individual revenue line items are discussed below under “Segment Results of Operations.” Net income of $106.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was slightly higher than the comparable period of 2023 as a result of an increase in total revenues, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses, as discussed below.
Consolidated Expenses:
Salaries and related employee expenses. Salaries and related employee expenses were $14.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $11.5 million for the comparable period of 2023. The number of employees increased from 101 as of September 30, 2023 to 110 as of September 30, 2024, which, when coupled with market compensation adjustments effective at the beginning of 2024, resulted in increased salary and related employee expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Additionally, contract labor expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased over the same period of 2023, principally as a result of the 37.0% increase in water sales over the same respective periods.
Water service-related expenses. Water service-related expenses increased $3.2 million to $11.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Certain types of water-related expenses, including, but not limited to, treatment, transfer, water purchases, repairs and maintenance, equipment rental, and fuel costs, vary from period to period as our customers’ needs and requirements change. Right of way and other expenses also vary from period to period depending upon location of customer delivery. The increase in water service-related expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 was principally related to a 37.0% increase in water sales due to increased volumes.
Legal and professional fees. Legal and professional fees were $8.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $1.7 million for the comparable period of 2023. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company incurred additional consulting and legal fees related to the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, including fees incurred in connection with the preparation of the related proxy statement and addressing stockholder proposals and director nominations from unaffiliated stockholders who ultimately determined to withdraw their director nominations shortly before the filing of the Company’s proxy statement for the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization. Depreciation, depletion and amortization was $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $3.6 million for the comparable period of 2023. The increase was principally due to depletion expense associated with royalty interests acquired in August 2024, as discussed further above under “Liquidity and Capital Resources — Acquisition Activity.”
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 as Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Consolidated Revenues and Net Income:
Total revenues increased to $520.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $464.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This increase in total revenues was principally due to a $28.2 million increase in water sales, a $17.7 million increase in oil and gas royalty revenue, and a $14.2 million increase in produced water royalties compared to the same period of 2023. These revenue increases were partially offset by a decrease of $4.7 million in land sales. Individual revenue line items are discussed below under “Segment Results of Operations.” Net income of $335.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 14.7% higher than the comparable period of 2023, principally as a result of the increase in revenues discussed above.
Consolidated Expenses:
Salaries and related employee expenses. Salaries and related employee expenses were $39.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $32.7 million for the same period of 2023. The number of employees increased from 101 as of September 30, 2023 to 110 as of September 30, 2024, which, when coupled with market compensation adjustments effective at the beginning of 2024, resulted in increased salary and related employee expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Additionally, contract labor expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 increased over the same period of 2023, principally as a result of the 32.9% increase in water sales over the same respective periods.
Water service-related expenses. Water service-related expenses increased $12.3 million to $36.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Certain types of water-related expenses, including, but not limited to, treatment, transfer, water purchases, repairs and maintenance, equipment rental, and fuel costs, vary from period to period as our customers’ needs and requirements change. Right of way and other expenses also vary from period to period depending upon location of customer delivery. The increase in water service-related expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was principally related to a 32.9% increase in water sales over the same period of 2023, primarily as a result of increased customer volumes. Research and development expenses related to development of a new energy-efficient method of produced water desalination and treatment were $1.9 million and $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For further discussion of this new treatment method, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources — Development of Innovative Solutions for Produced Water and Capital Expenditures.”
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $1.9 million to $12.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, stock awards that were vested in full on the grant date were granted to members of the Board which resulted in immediate recognition of the fair value of the awards on the date of grant. See further discussion of this change in Note 8, “Share-Based Compensation” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The increased Board compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 resulting from this policy change is a
one-time event. Additionally, expenses for corporate insurance, resulting from increased coverages and insurance rates, and technology applications for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 increased over the same period of 2023.
Legal and professional fees. Legal and professional fees were $14.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $28.5 million for the same period of 2023. The decrease in legal and professional fees was principally related to a reduction in legal expenses associated with stockholder matters that occurred during the prior year.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization. Depreciation, depletion and amortization was $13.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $10.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase is principally due to additional depletion expense associated with royalty interests acquired in August 2024 and additional amortization expense associated with intangible assets acquired in August 2023 and August 2024.
Other income, net. Other income, net was $31.2 million and $20.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in other income, net was primarily related to increased interest income earned on our cash balances during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 resulting from higher cash balances and interest rates during the period. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we received $1.9 million of proceeds from a settlement with a title company regarding a defect in title to property acquired in a prior year.
Total income tax expense. Total income tax expense was $92.2 million and $79.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in income tax expense was primarily related to increased operating income resulting from increased consolidated revenues.
Segment Results of Operations
We operate our business in two reportable segments: Land and Resource Management and Water Services and Operations. We eliminate any inter-segment revenues and expenses upon consolidation.
We evaluate the performance of our operating segments separately to monitor the different factors affecting financial results. The reportable segments presented are consistent with our reportable segments discussed in Note 14, “Business Segment Reporting” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We monitor our reporting segments based upon revenue and net income calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
Our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 continued to benefit from activity in the Permian Basin. Our oil and gas royalty revenues increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to increased royalty production. Additionally, revenues derived from water sales and produced water royalties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were also positively impacted by our active management of our surface and royalty interests in recent years.
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 as Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
The following is an analysis of our operating results for the comparable periods by reportable segment (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
Revenues:
Land and resource management:
Oil and gas royalties
$
94,444
54
%
$
87,102
56
%
Easements and other surface-related income
11,303
7
%
17,425
11
%
Land sales
901
—
%
5,406
3
%
Total land and resource management revenue
106,648
61
%
109,933
70
%
Water services and operations:
Water sales
36,211
21
%
26,422
17
%
Produced water royalties
27,727
16
%
20,849
13
%
Easements and other surface-related income
2,977
2
%
763
—
%
Total water services and operations revenue
66,915
39
%
48,034
30
%
Total consolidated revenues
$
173,563
100
%
$
157,967
100
%
Net income:
Land and resource management
$
71,870
67
%
$
82,884
79
%
Water services and operations
34,724
33
%
22,690
21
%
Total consolidated net income
$
106,594
100
%
$
105,574
100
%
Land and Resource Management
Land and Resource Management segment revenues decreased $3.3 million to $106.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period of 2023. The decrease in Land and Resource Management segment revenues was related to a $6.1 million decrease in easements and other surface-related income and a $4.5 million decrease in land sales, partially offset by a $7.3 million increase in oil and gas royalty revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.
Oil and gas royalties. Oil and gas royalty revenue was $94.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $87.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $7.3 million. Our share of production increased to 28.3 thousand barrels of oil equivalent (“Boe”) per day for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 21.8 thousand Boe per day for the same period of 2023. The average realized price decreased 16.2% to $38.04 per Boe for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from $45.41 per Boe for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
The financial and operational data by royalty stream is presented in the table below for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
Our share of production volumes (1):
Oil (MBbls)
1,046
850
Natural gas (MMcf)
4,654
3,316
NGL (MBbls)
779
606
Equivalents (MBoe)
2,600
2,009
Equivalents per day (MBoe/d)
28.3
21.8
Oil and gas royalty revenue (in thousands):
Oil royalties
$
75,427
$
66,892
Natural gas royalties
4,201
8,479
NGL royalties
14,816
11,731
Total oil and gas royalties
$
94,444
$
87,102
Realized prices:
Oil ($/Bbl)
$
75.53
$
82.45
Natural gas ($/Mcf)
$
0.98
$
2.76
NGL ($/Bbl)
$
20.57
$
20.91
Equivalents ($/Boe)
$
38.04
$
45.41
(1)Commonly used definitions in the oil and gas industry not previously defined: MBbls represents one thousand barrels of crude oil, condensate or NGLs. Mcf represents one thousand cubic feet of natural gas. MMcf represents one million cubic feet of natural gas. MBoe represents one thousand Boe. MBoe/d represents one thousand Boe per day.
Easements and other surface-related income. Easements and other surface-related income was $11.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $6.1 million compared to $17.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Easements and other surface-related income includes revenue related to the use and crossing of our land for oil and gas exploration and production, renewable energy, and agricultural operations. The decrease in easements and other surface-related income was principally related to decreases of $3.4 million in pipeline easements and $2.3 million in wellbore easements for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Easements and other surface-related income is dependent on development decisions made by companies that operate in the areas where we own land and is, therefore, unpredictable and may vary significantly from period to period. See “Market Conditions” above for additional discussion of development activity in the Permian Basin during the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Net income. Net income for the Land and Resource Management segment decreased 13.3% to $71.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $82.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Segment operating income decreased $13.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023, driven by a $6.6 million increase in legal and professional fees and a $3.3 million decrease in segment revenues. Expenses are discussed further above under “Results of Operations - Consolidated.”
Water Services and Operations
Water Services and Operations segment revenues increased 39.3% to $66.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to revenues of $48.0 million for the same period of 2023. The increase in Water Services and Operations segment revenues was principally due to an increase of $9.8 million in water sales revenue and $6.9 million in produced water royalties. As discussed in “Market Conditions” above, our segment revenues are directly influenced by development decisions made by our customers and the overall activity level in the Permian Basin. Accordingly, our segment revenues and sales volumes, as further discussed below, fluctuate from period to period based upon those decisions and activity levels.
Water sales. Water sales revenue increased $9.8 million to $36.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023. The growth in water sales was principally due to an increase of 32.1% in water sales volumes for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023.
Produced water royalties. Produced water royalties are received from the transfer or disposal of produced water on our land. Produced water royalties are contractual and not paid as a matter of right. We do not operate any salt water disposal wells. Produced water royalties were $27.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $20.8 million for the same period in 2023. This increase was principally due to increased produced water volumes for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.
Net income. Net income for the Water Services and Operations segment was $34.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $22.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Segment operating income increased $13.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. The increase was principally due to the $18.9 million increase in segment revenues, partially offset by the $3.2 million increase in water service-related expenses. Expenses are discussed further above under “Results of Operations - Consolidated.”
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 as Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
The following is an analysis of our operating results for the comparable periods by reportable segment (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
Revenues:
Land and resource management:
Oil and gas royalties
$
276,377
54
%
$
258,644
56
%
Easements and other surface-related income
43,643
8
%
49,826
11
%
Land sales
2,145
—
%
6,806
1
%
Total land and resource management revenue
322,165
62
%
315,276
68
%
Water services and operations:
Water sales
113,987
22
%
85,799
19
%
Produced water royalties
76,034
15
%
61,824
13
%
Easements and other surface-related income
7,853
1
%
2,039
—
%
Total water services and operations revenue
197,874
38
%
149,662
32
%
Total consolidated revenues
$
520,039
100
%
$
464,938
100
%
Net income:
Land and resource management
$
232,970
69
%
$
217,860
74
%
Water services and operations
102,630
31
%
74,675
26
%
Total consolidated net income
$
335,600
100
%
$
292,535
100
%
Land and Resource Management
Land and Resource Management segment revenues were $322.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $315.3 million for the comparable period of 2023. The increase in Land and Resource Management segment revenues was principally due to the $17.7 million increase in oil and gas royalty revenue, partially offset by decreases of $6.2 million and $4.7 million in easements and other surface-related income and land sales, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.
Oil and gas royalties. Oil and gas royalty revenue was $276.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $258.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $17.7 million. Oil and gas royalties
for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included an $8.7 million recovery with an operator with respect to unpaid oil and gas royalties for older production periods. Excluding the impact of the $8.7 million recovery on 2023 revenue, oil and gas royalties for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 increased $26.4 million over the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to higher production volumes and average oil and NGL realized prices over the same periods. Our share of production increased to 26.0 thousand Boe per day for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 22.6 thousand Boe per day for the same period of 2023. The average realized prices decreased to $40.60 per Boe for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from $42.49 per Boe for the same period of 2023.
The table below provides financial and operational data by royalty stream for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023 (1)
Our share of production volumes:
Oil (MBbls)
3,003
2,642
Natural gas (MMcf)
12,312
10,405
NGL (MBbls)
2,073
1,784
Equivalents (MBoe)
7,128
6,160
Equivalents per day (MBoe/d)
26.0
22.6
Oil and gas royalty revenue (in thousands):
Oil royalties
$
222,788
$
193,969
Natural gas royalties
13,630
$
23,210
NGL royalties
39,959
$
32,800
Total oil and gas royalties
$
276,377
$
249,979
Realized prices:
Oil ($/Bbl)
$
77.68
$
76.88
Natural gas ($/Mcf)
$
1.20
$
2.41
NGL ($/Bbl)
$
20.84
$
19.88
Equivalents ($/Boe)
$
40.60
$
42.49
(1)The metrics and dollars provided for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 exclude the impact of the $8.7 million settlement of oil and gas royalties discussed above.
Easements and other surface-related income. Easements and other surface-related income was $43.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $6.2 million compared to $49.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Easements and other surface-related income includes revenue related to the use and crossing of our land for oil and gas exploration and production, renewable energy, and agricultural operations. The decrease in easements and other surface-related income is principally related to a decrease of $4.7 million in wellbore easements for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Easements and other surface-related income is dependent on development decisions made by companies that operate in the areas where we own land and is, therefore, unpredictable and may vary significantly from period to period. See “Market Conditions” above for additional discussion of development activity in the Permian Basin during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Land sales. Land sales were $2.1 million and $6.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold 91 acres of land for an aggregate sales price of $2.1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we sold 18,061 acres of land for an aggregate sales price of $6.8 million.
Net income. Net income for the Land and Resource Management segment increased $15.1 million to $233.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $217.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Segment operating income increased $14.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023, largely driven by a $13.7 million decrease in legal and professional fees. Expenses are discussed further above under “Results of Operations - Consolidated.”
Water Services and Operations
Water Services and Operations segment revenues increased 32.2% to $197.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to revenues of $149.7 million for the same period of 2023. The increase in Water Services and Operations segment revenues was principally due to increases in water sales revenue and produced water royalties, which are discussed below. As discussed in “Market Conditions” above, our segment revenues are directly influenced by development decisions made by our customers and the overall activity level in the Permian Basin. Accordingly, our segment revenues and sales volumes, as further discussed below, fluctuate from period to period based upon those decisions and activity levels.
Water sales. Water sales revenue increased $28.2 million, or 32.9% to $114.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. The growth in water sales was principally due to an increase of 27.6% in water sales volumes for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.
Produced water royalties. Produced water royalties are royalties received from the transfer or disposal of produced water on our land. Produced water royalties are contractual and not paid as a matter of right. We do not operate any salt water disposal wells. Produced water royalties were $76.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $61.8 million for the comparable period of 2023. This increase in produced water royalties was principally due to increased produced water volumes for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.
Easements and other surface-related income. Easements and other surface-related income was $7.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $5.8 million compared to $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in easements and other surface-related income primarily related to an increase in temporary permits for sourced water lines for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.
Net income. Net income for the Water Services and Operations segment was $102.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $74.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Segment operating income increased $30.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. The increase was principally due to a $48.2 million increase in segment revenues, partially offset by a $12.3 million increase in water service-related expenses. Expenses are discussed further above under “Results of Operations - Consolidated.”
Non-GAAP Performance Measures
In addition to amounts presented in accordance with GAAP, we also present certain supplemental non-GAAP performance measurements. These measurements are not to be considered more relevant or accurate than the measurements presented in accordance with GAAP. In compliance with the requirements of the SEC, our non-GAAP measurements are reconciled to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP performance measure. For all non-GAAP measurements, neither the SEC nor any other regulatory body has passed judgment on these non-GAAP measurements.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow
EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measurement of earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization. Its purpose is to highlight earnings without finance, taxes, and depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, and its use is limited to specialized analysis. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus employee share-based compensation. Its purpose is to highlight earnings without non-cash activity such as share-based compensation and other non-recurring or unusual items, if applicable. We calculate Free Cash Flow as Adjusted EBITDA less current income tax expense and capital expenditures. Its purpose is to provide an additional measure of operating performance. We have presented EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow because we believe that these metrics are useful supplements to net income in analyzing the Company's operating performance. Our definitions of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow may differ from computations of similarly titled measures of other companies.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Net income
$
106,594
$
105,574
$
335,600
$
292,535
Add:
Income tax expense
28,823
29,363
92,243
79,894
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
5,762
3,584
13,695
10,881
EBITDA
141,179
138,521
441,538
383,310
Add:
Employee share-based compensation
2,935
2,502
7,855
7,217
Adjusted EBITDA
144,114
141,023
449,393
390,527
Less:
Current income tax expense
(27,416)
(29,724)
(90,080)
(80,928)
Capital expenditures
(9,833)
(5,243)
(21,994)
(10,387)
Free Cash Flow
$
106,865
$
106,056
$
337,319
$
299,212
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. For a full discussion of our accounting policies please refer to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2023 Annual Report filed with the SEC on February 21, 2024.
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies or in the estimates and assumptions underlying those policies, from those provided in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in the 2023 Annual Report.
New Accounting Pronouncements
For further information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1. “Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
There have been no material changes in the information related to market risk of the Company disclosed in Part II, Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk” set forth in the 2023 Annual Report.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2024.
Changes in Internal Control of Financial Reporting
There have been no changes during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
There are no material pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or of which any of our property is the subject.
Item 1A.Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in response to Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” set forth in the 2023 Annual Report.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company repurchased shares of its Common Stock as follows:
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased
Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
July 1 through July 31, 2024
2,772
$
791
2,772
August 1 through August 31, 2024
2,656
824
2,656
September 1 through September 30, 2024
1,959
864
1,959
Total
7,387
$
822
7,387
$
184,886,976
(1)On November 1, 2022, our Board approved a stock repurchase program to purchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our outstanding Common Stock effective beginning January 1, 2023. The Company intends to purchase Common Stock under the repurchase program opportunistically with funds generated by cash from operations. This repurchase program may be suspended from time to time, modified, extended or discontinued by the Board at any time. Purchases under the stock repurchase program may be made through a combination of open market repurchases in compliance with Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Exchange Act, privately negotiated transactions, and/or other transactions at the Company’s discretion, including under a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan implemented by the Company, and will be subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors.
The following information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Total Comprehensive Income, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (iv) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104
The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, formatted as Inline iXBRL.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
TEXAS PACIFIC LAND CORPORATION
(Registrant)
Date:
November 6, 2024
By:
/s/ Tyler Glover
Tyler Glover President, Chief Executive Officer and Director