10-Q

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of November 1, 2024, there were 100,565,016 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.

We own or have rights to various trademarks and tradenames used in our business in the United States or other countries, including the following: Accuray®, Accuray Logo®, CyberKnife®, Hi‑Art®, RoboCouch®, Synchrony®, TomoTherapy®, Xsight®, Accuray Precision®, AutoSegmentation™, CTrue™, H™ Series, iDMS®, InCise™, Iris™, CyberKnife M6™ Series, Accuray OIS Connect™, PreciseART®, PreciseRTX®, Treatment Planning System™, TomoDirect™, TomoEDGE™, TomoH®, TomoHD®, TomoHDA™, TomoHelical™, TomoTherapy Quality Assurance™, Radixact®, Onrad ™, S7™, Accuray Helix™, CyberComm™, AEX®, ClearRT®, XChange®, and VoLO™.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 1. The Company and its Significant Accounting Policies

The Company

Accuray Incorporated (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company” or “Accuray”) designs, develops and sells advanced radiosurgery and radiation therapy systems for the treatment of tumors throughout the body. The Company is incorporated in Delaware and its headquarters are located in Madison, Wisconsin. The Company has primary offices in the United States, Switzerland, China, Hong Kong, and Japan, and conducts its business worldwide.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the periods presented. The results for the three months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025, or for any other future interim period or fiscal year.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on September 19, 2024.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the prior year unaudited condensed financial statements and notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties caused, directly or indirectly, by events with significant geopolitical and macroeconomic impacts, including, but not limited to, inflation; actions taken to counter inflation, including rising interest rates; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; uncertainty and volatility in the banking and financial services sector; tightening credit markets; geopolitical concerns, such as the Russia-Ukraine and Middle East conflicts and increasing tension between China and the U.S., including with respect to Taiwan; uncertainty caused by the China anti-corruption campaign and timing of the China stimulus program; changes in the U.S. presidential administration; and other factors that may emerge. In particular, the Company is also continuing to navigate supply chain and inflation challenges, and adverse foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, all of which continues to be a significant headwind that affects the Company’s results of operations.

The Company expects that the business of its customers and its own business will continue to be adversely impacted, directly or indirectly, by these macroeconomic and geopolitical issues. In addition, ongoing supply chain challenges and logistics costs, including difficulties in obtaining a sufficient supply of component materials and increased component costs, have adversely affected the Company's gross margins and net income (loss), and the Company’s current expectations are that gross margins and net income (loss) will continue to be adversely affected by increased material costs and freight and logistic expenses through fiscal year 2025. In addition, the Company expects inflation and the ongoing supply chain challenges and logistics costs to impact its cash from operations through fiscal year 2025. In addition, reduced budgets and lower capital deployment priority for radiotherapy equipment, along with longer customer installation timelines, in the United States have negatively impacted net revenue since fiscal year 2024, and the Company expects this will continue to have an impact through fiscal year 2026. The extent of the ongoing impact of these macroeconomic events on our business, our markets and on global economic activity, however, is uncertain and the related financial impact cannot be reasonably estimated with any certainty at this time. The Company’s past results may not be indicative of its future performance, and historical trends, including conversion of backlog to revenue, income (loss) from operations, net income (loss), net income (loss) per share and cash flows may differ materially.

The Company continues to critically review its liquidity and anticipated capital requirements in light of the significant uncertainty created by geopolitical and macroeconomic conditions. Based on the Company’s cash and cash equivalents balance, available debt facilities, current business plan and revenue prospects, the Company believes that it will have sufficient cash resources and anticipated cash flows to fund its operations for at least the next 12 months. The Company, however, is unable to predict with certainty the impact of geopolitical and macroeconomic conditions, including its effect on the global supply chain, inflation and foreign currency exchange rates, will have on its ability to maintain compliance with the debt covenants contained in the credit agreement related to its Credit Facilities (the "Credit Agreement"), including financial covenants regarding the consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio and consolidated senior net leverage ratio. On September 12, 2024, the Company entered into the Fourth Amendment (the "Fourth Amendment") to the Credit Agreement to (i) change the requirements of certain financial maintenance covenants under the Credit Agreement for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2024, (ii) add a minimum liquidity covenant to the Credit Agreement and (iii) reduce the available revolving commitments available under the Credit Agreement to no more than $20.0 million. Failing to comply with the covenants to the Credit Agreement, as amended, could adversely affect the Company’s ability to finance its future operations or capital needs, withstand a future downturn in its business or the economy in general, engage in business activities, including future opportunities that may be in its interest, and plan for or react to market conditions or otherwise execute its business strategies. The Company’s ability to comply with the covenants and other terms governing the Credit Facilities will depend in part on its future operating performance. In addition, because substantially all of the Company’s assets are pledged as a security under the Credit Facilities, if the Company is not able to cure any default or repay outstanding borrowings, such assets are subject to the risk of foreclosure by the Company’s lenders. Failure to meet the covenant requirements in the future could cause the Company to be in default and the maturity of the related debt could be accelerated and become immediately payable. This may require the Company to obtain waivers or additional amendments to the Credit Agreement in order to maintain compliance and there can be no certainty that any such waiver or amendment will be available, or what the cost of such waiver or amendment, if obtained, would be. If the Company is unable to obtain necessary waivers or amendments and the debt under such credit facility is accelerated, the Company would be required to obtain replacement financing at prevailing market rates, which may not be favorable to the Company. There is no guarantee that the Company would be able to satisfy its obligations if any of its indebtedness is accelerated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures at the date of the financial statements. The Company assessed certain accounting matters that generally require consideration of forecasted financial information in context with the information reasonably available to the Company. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies during the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the significant accounting policies described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024.

Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 to improve reportable segment disclosures. The ASU is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant expenses. The ASU requires disclosures to include significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), a description of other segment items by reportable segment, and any additional measures of a segment's profit or loss used by the CODM when deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU also requires all annual disclosures to be disclosed in interim periods. The update will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 on July 1, 2024. The Company assessed the impact of this update and it will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statement disclosure requirements.

Accounting Pronouncements - Not Yet Effective

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new accounting standard update (“ASU”) 2023-09 to improve the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures. The accounting standard expands disclosures to the entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and requires cash taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. These changes will be applied on a prospective basis. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2023-09 on July 1, 2025. The ASU requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the timing and impact of adopting the updated provisions.

Note 2. Revenue

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in trade receivables, unbilled receivables, and deferred revenues on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company may offer longer or extended payment terms of more than one year for qualified customers in some circumstances. At times, revenue recognition occurs before the billing, resulting in an unbilled receivable, which represents a contract asset. The contract asset is a component of accounts receivable and other assets for the current and non-current portions, respectively. When the Company receives advances or deposits from customers before revenue is recognized, this results in a contract liability. It can take two or more years from the time of order to revenue recognition due to the Company’s long sales cycle.

Changes in the contract assets and liabilities are as follows (dollars in thousands):


					Change
	September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024		$			%
Contract Assets:
Unbilled accounts receivable – current (1)	$	15,331	$	19,131		(3,800	)		(20	%)
Interest receivable – current (2)		346		305		41			13	%
Long-term accounts receivable (3)		3,529		2,859		670			23	%
Interest receivable – non-current (3)		385		432		(47	)		(11	%)
Contract Liabilities:
Customer advances		13,132		13,988		(856	)		(6	%)
Deferred revenue – current		81,321		71,649		9,672			13	%
Deferred revenue – non-current		24,470		24,114		356			1	%

(1)

Included in accounts receivable on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)

Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(3)

Included in other assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, contract assets changed primarily due to changes in the timing of billings that occurred after revenues were recognized and changes in transactions with payment terms exceeding 12 months. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, contract liabilities changed due to changes in the timing of revenue recognition as a result of changes in shipping timing, modifications to the transaction price, reduced customer deposits for system sales, and for which the warranty was deferred.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $27.5 million, which was included in the deferred revenue balances at June 30, 2024. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $30.0 million, which was included in the deferred revenue balances at June 30, 2023.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent deferred revenue from open contracts for which performance has already started and the transaction price from executed contracts for which performance has not yet started. Service contracts in general are considered month-to-month contracts.

As of September 30, 2024, total remaining performance obligations amounted to $902.4 million. Of this total amount, $62.2 million related to long-term warranty and non-cancellable post-warranty services, which is the estimated revenue expected to be recognized over the remaining service period and warranty period for systems that have been delivered (the time bands reflect management’s best estimate of when the Company will transfer control to the customer and may change based on timing of shipment, readiness of customers’ facilities for installation, installation requirements, and availability of products). The Company has elected the practical expedient to not disclose the unsatisfied performance obligations of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.

The following table represents the Company's remaining performance obligations related to long-term warranty and non-cancellable post-warranty services as of September 30, 2024 (in thousands):


	Fiscal years of revenue recognition
	2025		2026		2027		Thereafter
Long-term warranty and non-cancellable post-warranty services	$	21,151	$	22,575	$	13,021	$	5,452

For the remaining $840.2 million of performance obligations (i.e., open systems sales, upgrades, training and other miscellaneous items), the Company estimates 27% to 35% will be recognized in the next 12 months, and the remaining portion will be recognized thereafter. The Company’s historical experience indicates that some of its customers will cancel or renegotiate contracts as economic conditions change or when product offerings change during the long sales cycle. The Company anticipates a portion of its open contracts may never result in revenue recognition primarily due to the long sales cycle and factors outside of its control, including changes to its customers' needs or financial condition, changes in government or health insurance reimbursement policies, or changes to regulatory requirements. Based on historical experience and management's best estimate, approximately 26% of the Company’s $791.9 million open system sales contracts as of September 30, 2024 may never result in revenue.

Capitalized Contract Costs

As of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the balance of capitalized costs to obtain a contract was $9.7 million and $9.6 million, respectively. The Company has classified the capitalized costs to obtain a contract as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets with respect to the current and non-current portions of capitalized costs, respectively, on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Expenses related to capitalized costs to obtain a contract consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Amortization of capitalized contract costs	$	780	$	872
Impairment loss on capitalized contracts		100		31

A summary of the Company’s financing receivables is presented as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024
Financing receivables	$	3,790	$	2,871
Allowance for credit losses		—		—
Total, net	$	3,790	$	2,871
Reported as:
Current	$	1,382	$	1,340
Non-current		2,408		1,531
Total, net	$	3,790	$	2,871

Inventories, net

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024
Raw materials	$	63,515	$	57,699
Work-in-process		15,466		13,629
Finished goods		75,902		66,996
Inventories, net	$	154,883	$	138,324

The Company's inventories on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets are net of reserves.

Prepaid and Other Current Assets

Prepaid and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024
Value added tax receivables	$	538	$	4,026
Prepaid commissions		5,200		5,288
Capitalized contract costs		1,885		1,876
Income tax receivable		429		368
Dividend receivable from JV		—		2,460
Other prepaid assets		9,232		5,018
Other current assets		4,172		3,970
Total prepaid and other current assets	$	21,456	$	23,006

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024
Machinery and equipment	$	45,955		$	45,539
Leasehold improvements		30,302			30,994
Software		11,333			11,308
Computer and office equipment		6,345			6,347
Furniture and fixtures		1,746			1,719
Construction in progress		3,467			2,550
		99,148			98,457
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(73,806	)		(73,683	)
Property and equipment, net	$	25,342		$	24,774

At September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, software includes $8.1 million in capitalized costs for the completed transition of the Company's new enterprise resource planning system in August 2023. The Company is depreciating the enterprise resource planning system over five years. Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $1.5 million and $1.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Other Assets

Other assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024
Capitalized contract costs	$	7,857	$	7,768
Long-term accounts receivable		3,529		2,859
Capitalized software costs to be sold		5,220		4,683
Deferred tax asset		718		659
Other long-term assets		2,392		1,981
Total other assets		19,716		17,950

There was no amortization expense or amounts written down to net realizable value for the capitalized software costs to be sold during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Other Accrued Liabilities

Other accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024
Value added tax liabilities	$	1,910	$	5,048
Commissions due to third parties		4,450		5,202
Refunds due to customers		3,861		6,079
Accrued consulting		2,382		1,238
Accrued royalties		2,480		2,939
Interest payable		1,361		485
Income tax payable		1,043		1,206
Other liabilities		7,970		6,311
Total other accrued liabilities	$	25,457	$	28,508

Treasury Stock

The Company records treasury stock at cost. Treasury stock is comprised of shares of common stock purchased by the Company in the secondary market. As of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the Company had 3.1 million shares of treasury stock valued at $14.1 million. Treasury stock is included in Additional paid-in capital on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss are excluded from earnings and reported as a component of stockholders’ equity. The foreign currency translation adjustment results from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency since the majority of their economic activities are primarily denominated in their applicable local currency. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities related to these operations are translated to the U.S. Dollar at the current exchange rates at the end of each period. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the period.

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the stockholders' equity section of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment	$	(3,037	)	$	(4,777	)
Defined benefit pension obligation		555			555
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(2,482	)	$	(4,222	)

Statements of Operations

Other expense, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
Foreign currency exchange gain (loss)	$	2,174		$	(956	)
Other, net		(327	)		197
Total other income (expense), net	$	1,847		$	(759	)

Note 4. Leases

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices and warehouse facilities worldwide. Additionally, the Company leases cars and copy machines that are considered operating leases. Some of the Company’s leases are non-cancellable operating lease agreements with various expiration dates through June 2035. Certain lease agreements include options to renew or terminate the lease, which are not reasonably certain to be exercised and therefore, are not factored into the determination of lease payments.

The following table provides information related to the Company’s operating leases (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Operating lease costs (1)	$	2,231	$	2,554
Short-term operating lease costs		39		61
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities		2,030		2,489

(1)

Excludes expenses related to short-term lease operating costs.

Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Balance at the beginning of period	$	33,773		$	25,853
Lease assets added		725			14,389
Amortization for the period		(1,362	)		(6,469	)
Balance at the end of period	$	33,136		$	33,773

Operating lease liabilities
Balance at the beginning of period	$	38,591		$	27,753
Lease liabilities added		990			16,775
Repayment and interest accretion		(1,029	)		(5,937	)
Balance at the end of period	$	38,552		$	38,591

Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	6,779		$	6,218
Non-current portion of operating lease liabilities		31,773			32,373

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024 are presented in the table below (dollars in thousands):


	Amount
2025 (remaining nine months)	$	4,908
2026		7,592
2027		7,574
2028		6,450
2029		4,645
Thereafter		24,976
Total operating lease payments		56,145
Less: imputed interest		(17,593	)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	38,552
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		8.0
Weighted average discount rate		10.4	%

Note 5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Activity related to goodwill consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	57,672	$	57,681
Currency translation		138		(9	)
Balance at the end of the period	$	57,810	$	57,672

The Company did not identify any triggering events as of September 30, 2024. The Company will continue to monitor its recorded goodwill for indicators of impairment every fiscal quarter.

Purchased Intangible Assets

The Company’s carrying amount of acquired intangible assets, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024							June 30, 2024
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount
Patent license	$	1,000	$	(1,000	)	$	-	$	1,000	$	(1,000	)	$	-
Other intangibles		132		(84	)		48		132		(73	)		59
Total intangible assets	$	1,132	$	(1,084	)	$	48	$	1,132	$	(1,073	)	$	59

The Company did not identify any triggering events that would indicate a potential impairment of its definite-lived intangible and long-lived assets as of September 30, 2024.

The estimated future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets, net, as of September 30, 2024, is as follows (in thousands):


	Amount
2025 (remaining nine months)	$	33
2026		15
Total estimated future amortization expense	$	48

the Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc, and Euro. The periods of these forward contracts range up to approximately three months and the notional amounts are intended to be consistent with changes in the underlying exposures.

The notional amount of the Company's outstanding forward currency exchange contracts consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024
Swiss Franc	$	43,728	$	59,392
Japanese Yen		7,229		7,762
Euro		16,547		2,755
Indian Rupee		10,495		8,916
Chinese Yuan		4,931		5,156
Korean Won		1,605		1,735
Canadian Dollar		1,685		1,510
British Pound		1,374		730
Total outstanding forward currency exchange contracts	$	87,594	$	87,956

Gains and losses on the Company's foreign currency forward contracts are recorded in Other expense, net, on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following table provides information about the gain or loss associated with the Company’s derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Foreign currency exchange gain (loss) on forward contracts	$	1,436	$	(818	)

The table below summarizes the carrying value and estimated fair value of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026, Term Loan Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024				June 30, 2024
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
3.75% Convertible Notes due 2026	$	98,936	$	90,973	$	98,782	$	85,762
Term Loan Facility		61,304		61,304		63,374		63,374
Revolving Credit Facility		10,000		10,000		10,000		10,000
Total	$	170,240	$	162,277	$	172,156	$	159,136

Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time to time, the Company is involved in legal proceedings, including claims, investigations, and inquiries, arising in the ordinary course of its business. The Company records a provision for a loss when it believes that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. To the extent there is a reasonable possibility that a loss exceeding amounts already recognized may be incurred and the amount of such additional loss would be material, we will either disclose the estimated additional loss or state that such an estimate cannot be made. Currently, management believes the Company does not have any probable and reasonably estimable material losses related to any current legal proceedings and claims. Although occasional adverse decisions or settlements may occur, management does not believe that an adverse determination with respect to any of these claims would individually, or in the aggregate, materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial condition or operating results. Litigation is inherently unpredictable and is subject to significant uncertainties, some of which are beyond the Company’s control. Should any of these estimates and assumptions change or prove to have been incorrect, the Company could incur significant charges related to legal matters that could have a material impact on its results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Indemnities

Under the terms of the Company’s software license agreements with its customers, the Company agrees that in the event the software sold infringes upon any patent, copyright, trademark, or any other proprietary right of a third‑party, it will indemnify its customer licensees against any loss, expense, or liability from any damages that may be awarded against its customer. The Company includes this infringement indemnification in all of its software license agreements and selected managed services arrangements. In the event the customer cannot use the software or service due to infringement and the Company cannot obtain the right to use, replace or modify the license or service in a commercially feasible manner so that it no longer infringes, then the Company may terminate the license and provide the customer a refund of the fees paid by the customer for the infringing license or service. The Company has not recorded any liability associated with this indemnification, as it is not aware of any pending or threatened actions that represent probable losses as of September 30, 2024.

The Company enters into standard indemnification agreements with its landlords and all superior mortgagees and their respective directors, officers, agents, and employees in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company will indemnify, hold harmless, and agree to reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, generally the landlords, in connection with any loss, accident, injury, or damage by any third‑party with respect to the leased facilities. The term of these indemnification agreements is from the commencement of the lease agreements until termination of the lease agreements. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, historically, the Company has not incurred claims or costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. The Company has not recorded any liability associated with its indemnification agreements as it is not aware of any pending or threatened actions that represent probable losses as of September 30, 2024.

Guarantees

As of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the Company had various bank guarantees totaling $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, primarily related to bidding processes with customers.

Royalty Agreement

The Company enters into software license agreements with third parties that require royalty payments for each license used. In connection with such agreements, the Company records royalty costs in cost of revenue or deferred cost of revenue. The Company had approximately $2.5 million and $2.9 million in accrued royalty payments as of September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024, respectively,

Note 9. Debt

The Company's outstanding debt as of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, is as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024							June 30, 2024
	Principal Amount		Unamortized Debt Costs			Net Carrying Amount		Principal Amount		Unamortized Debt Costs			Net Carrying Amount
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026	$	100,000	$	(1,064	)	$	98,936	$	100,000	$	(1,218	)	$	98,782
Term Loan Facility		62,000		(696	)		61,304		64,000		(626	)		63,374
Revolving Credit Facility		10,000		—			10,000		10,000		—			10,000
Total debt	$	172,000	$	(1,760	)	$	170,240	$	174,000	$	(1,844	)	$	172,156
Reported as:
Short-term debt						$	7,769						$	7,756
Long-term debt							162,471							164,400
Total debt						$	170,240						$	172,156

3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due June 2026

In May 2021, the Company issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due June 2026 (the “3.75% Convertible Notes due 2026”) under an indenture agreement between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. As of September 30, 2024, the if-converted value of its 3.75% Convertible Notes due 2026 did not exceed the outstanding principal amount.

Credit Facilities

The Company has a $40.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and a five-year $80.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan Facility”) and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). Interest on the borrowings under the Credit Facilities is payable in arrears on the applicable interest payment date, at an annual interest rate of reserve-adjusted, 90-day term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (subject to a 0.50% floor) plus a margin between 2.50% and 3.25% margin, determined by the Consolidated Senior Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). On September 12, 2024, the Company entered into the Fourth Amendment to (i) change the requirements of certain financial maintenance covenants under the Credit Agreement for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2024, (ii) add a minimum liquidity covenant to the Credit Agreement and (iii) reduce the available revolving commitments available under the Credit Agreement to no more than $20.0 million through end of the agreement.

The Credit Agreement requires the Company to pay the lenders an unused commitment fee equal to the average unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility. The Company pays a rate of 0.25% to 0.40% per annum of the average unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, determined by the Consolidated Senior Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). If all or a portion of the loans under the Term Loan Facility are prepaid, then the Company will be required to pay a fee equal to 1% of the aggregate amount of the loans so prepaid, subject to certain exceptions.

The Credit Agreement contains restrictions and covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries. Among other requirements, the Company may not permit the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to be less than a certain specified ratio for each fiscal quarter during the term of the Credit Agreement or the consolidated senior net leverage ratio to be greater than a certain specified ratio for each fiscal quarter during the term of the Credit Agreement.

Note 10. Stock Incentive Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The following table presents details of share-based compensation expenses, by functional line item, noted within the Company's operating expenses (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Cost of revenue	$	371	$	236
Research and development		382		401
Selling and marketing		370		408
General and administrative		1,230		1,347
Total share-based compensation	$	2,353	$	2,392

Note 11. Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding share awards. A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per common share is as follows (in thousands, except for per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(3,954	)	$	(2,969	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		100,225			96,555
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.03	)
Anti-dilutive share-based awards, excluded		10,747			12,673

The potentially dilutive shares of the Company’s common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share when their effect would have been anti‑dilutive. Additionally, the outstanding 3.75% Convertible Notes due 2026 are included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share only if their inclusion is dilutive for periods during which the 3.75% Convertible Notes due 2026 were outstanding. The shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the outstanding principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Notes due 2026 as of three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled approximately 17.1 million shares and were not included in the basic and diluted net loss per common share as the effect of adding the shares were anti-dilutive.

decisions and assessing financial performance. The Company does not assess the performance of its individual product lines on measures of profit or loss, or asset-based metrics, therefore, the information below is presented only for total net revenues and long-lived assets by geographic area.

The Company reports its customer revenues in four geographic regions: the Americas, EIMEA, Asia Pacific and Japan. The Americas region primarily includes the United States, Canada, and Latin America. The EIMEA region includes Europe, India, the Middle East and Africa. The Asia Pacific region consists of Asia (excluding Japan), Australia and New Zealand.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The Company disaggregates its revenues from contracts by geographic region, as the Company believes this best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Revenues attributed to a country or region are based on the shipping address of the Company’s customers. Additionally, the Company typically recognizes revenue at a point in time for product revenue and recognizes revenue over time for service revenue.

The following summarizes net revenue by geographic region (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Americas	$	20,870	$	20,557
EIMEA		25,894		39,533
China		33,976		26,215
Japan		9,865		12,592
Asia Pacific, excluding China		10,940		4,995
Total	$	101,545	$	103,892

Disaggregation of Long-Lived Assets

Information regarding geographic areas in which the Company has long-lived assets, which consists of property, plant and equipment, net, and operating lease right-of-use assets are as follows (in thousands):


	September 30,		June 30,
	2024		2024
Americas	$	45,926	$	46,570
EIMEA		9,085		9,327
China		1,552		1,211
Japan		1,313		1,304
Asia Pacific, excluding China		602		135
Total	$	58,478	$	58,547

The long-lived assets in the Americas region are located in the United States as of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024.

The following table shows the reconciliation between the carrying value of the Company's investment in the JV and its proportional share of the underlying equity in net assets of the JV (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024
Carrying value of investment in joint venture	$	6,045		$	9,826
Deferred intra-entity gross profit		13,454			9,835
Equity method goodwill		(4,720	)		(4,720	)
Proportional share of equity investment in joint venture	$	14,779		$	14,941

(1)

As of September 30, 2024, $6.2 million of the deferred intra-entity gross profit balance was related to the Tomo C radiation therapy system as compared to $4.2 million as of June 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s carrying value of the investment in the JV was decreased for the Company's proportional share of the JV's currency translation adjustment by $0.7 million. As of June 30, 2024, the Company’s carrying value of the investment in the JV was decreased for the Company's proportional share of the JV's currency translation adjustment by $0.6 million. In June 2024, the JV declared a $2.5 million dividend to the Company which was paid in July 2024.

Summarized financial information of the JV is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,
Statement of Operations Data:	2024			2023
Revenue	$	21,834		$	31,855
Gross profit		4,850			5,813
Net income (loss)		(148	)		879
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company		(72	)		431


Summarized Balance Sheet Data:	As of June 30, 2024		As of June 30, 2023
Assets
Current assets	$	131,045	$	76,394
Non-current assets		11,581		14,345
Total assets	$	142,626	$	90,739
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities	$	112,379	$	57,898
Non-current liabilities		86		227
Stockholders' equity		30,161		32,614
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	142,626	$	90,739

The following table shows the activity of the Company’s net revenue recognized from intra-entity gross profit from sales (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
Deferred intra-entity gross profit recognized on sales to the JV	$	2,714		$	1,585
Deferred intra-entity gross profit on sales to the JV		(6,333	)		(3,161	)
Net deferred gross profit on sales to the JV (1)	$	(3,619	)	$	(1,576	)

(1)

Profit earned by the Company from the JV is eliminated through cost of goods sold until it is realized; such profits would generally be considered realized when the inventory has been sold through to third parties. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, $2.0 million of the net deferred gross profit on sales to the JV were related to the Tomo C radiation therapy system as compared to $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition as of September 30, 2024, and results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. Statements made in this Form 10-Q report that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements that are subject to the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements in this report relate, but are not limited, to: our future results of operations and financial position, including the sufficiency of cash resources and expected cash flows to fund future operations, including the next 12 months; our expectations regarding backlog, age-ins and age-outs, cancellations of contracts and foreign currency impacts; the anticipated drivers of our future capital requirements; expectations regarding our strategy in China and our China joint venture as well as its expected impact on our business; expectations regarding the market in China for radiation oncology systems; expectations regarding the effects of the global macroeconomic conditions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial results and business as well as the business of our customers and suppliers; expectations regarding delays in deliveries and installations and its impact on our business; expectations regarding inflation, supply chain challenges and heightened logistics costs and its impact on our business, including gross margins and net income (loss); expectations regarding revenue from the Americas region; expectations regarding the timing of deliveries and revenue conversion; our expectations regarding the adequacy of our manufacturing facilities; the anticipated risks associated with our foreign operations and fluctuations in the U.S. Dollar and foreign currencies as well as our ability to mitigate such risks; tariffs and trade policies; expectations related to the effect of the GILTI tax on our taxable income position; expectations related to our convertible notes and credit facility; expectations related to our leases; the amount of unrecognized tax amounts; the sufficiency of our cash, cash equivalents and investments to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures and our business strategy, plans and objectives. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “may,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. If any of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from the results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, those discussed in this quarterly report, in particular under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A, and other filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements are made and are based on information available to us at the time those statements are made and/or management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual performance or results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.

In this report, “Accuray,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Accuray Incorporated and its subsidiaries.

We are a radiation therapy company that develops, manufactures, sells and supports market-changing solutions that are designed to deliver radiation treatments for even the most complex cases, while making commonly treatable cases even more straightforward, to meet the full spectrum of patient needs. We believe in comparison to conventional linear accelerators, our treatment delivery, planning, and data management solutions provide better accuracy, flexibility, and control; fewer treatments with shorter treatment times; and the technology to expand beyond cancer, making it easier for clinical teams around the world to provide treatments that help patients get back to living their lives, faster.

Our innovative technologies, the CyberKnife® and TomoTherapy® platforms, including the Radixact® System, our next generation TomoTherapy platform, are designed to deliver advanced treatments, including stereotactic radiosurgery (“SRS”), stereotactic body radiation therapy (“SBRT”), intensity modulated radiation therapy (“IMRT”), image-guided radiation therapy (“IGRT”), and adaptive radiation therapy (“ART”). The CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms have complementary clinical applications with the same goal: to empower our customers to deliver the most precise and accurate treatments while still minimizing dose to healthy tissue, helping to reduce the risk of side effects that may impact patients’ quality of life. Each of these systems serves patient populations treated by the same medical specialty, radiation oncology, with advanced capabilities. The CyberKnife platform is also used by neurosurgeons specializing in radiosurgery to treat patients with tumors in the brain and spine, and neurologic and/or endocrine disorders. In addition to these products, we also provide services, which include post-contract customer support (warranty period services and post-warranty services), installation services, training, and other professional services.

We are subject to risks and uncertainties caused, directly or indirectly, by events with significant geopolitical and macroeconomic impacts, including, but not limited to, inflation; actions taken to counter inflation, including rising interest rates; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; uncertainty and volatility in the banking and financial services sector; tightening credit markets; geopolitical concerns, such as the Russian-Ukraine and the Middle East conflicts and increasing tension between China and the U.S., including with respect to Taiwan; uncertainty caused by the China anti-corruption campaign and timing of the China stimulus program; changes in the U.S. presidential administration; as well as other factors that may emerge. In particular, we are continuing to navigate supply chain and inflation challenges and adverse foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, all of which continues to have a negative impact on our results of operations.

We expect that our customers’ business and our business will continue to be adversely impacted, directly or indirectly, by these macroeconomic and geopolitical issues. Inflation and the ongoing supply chain challenges and logistics costs have materially affected our gross margins and net income (loss), and we expect that gross margins and net income (loss) will continue to be adversely affected by increased material costs and freight and logistic expenses through fiscal year 2025. In addition, the Company expects inflation and the ongoing supply chain challenges and logistics costs to impact its cash from operations through fiscal year 2025. In addition, reduced budgets and lower capital deployment priority for radiotherapy equipment, along with longer customer installation timelines, in the United States have negatively impacted our net revenue since fiscal year 2024, and we expect this will continue to have an impact through fiscal year 2026. The extent of the ongoing impact of these macroeconomic events on our business, our markets and on global economic activity however, is uncertain and the related financial impact cannot be reasonably estimated with any certainty at this time.

Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance, and historical trends including conversion of backlog to revenue, income (loss) from operations, net income (loss), net income (loss) per share and cash flows may differ materially. Accordingly, management is carefully evaluating our liquidity position, communicating with and monitoring the actions of our customers and suppliers, and reviewing our near-term financial performance as the uncertainty related to these factors continues to unfold. We also continue to evaluate our operating expenses, including our real estate needs and continue to assess our operations and how and to what extent we will continue to utilize our current real estate assets. The risks related to our business, including further discussion of the impact and possible future impacts of current economic conditions and the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, are further described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Generating revenue from the sale of our platforms is a lengthy process. Selling our platforms, from first contact with a potential customer to a signed sales contract that meets our backlog criteria (as discussed below) varies significantly and generally spans between six months and 30 months. The length of time between receipt of a signed contract and revenue recognition is generally governed by the time required by the customer to build, renovate or prepare the treatment room for installation of the platform. We report our customer revenues in four geographic regions: the Americas, EIMEA, Asia Pacific and Japan. The Americas region includes the United States, Canada and Latin America. The EIMEA region includes Europe, India, the Middle East and Africa. The Asia Pacific region consists of Asia, Australia and New Zealand.

In the United States, we primarily market directly to customers, including hospitals and stand-alone treatment facilities, through our sales organization we also market to customers through sales agents and group purchasing organizations. Outside the United States, we market to customers directly and through use of distributors and sales agents. In addition to our offices in the United States, we have international offices in Morges, Switzerland; Hong Kong, China; Shanghai, China and Tokyo, Japan and direct sales staff in most countries in Western Europe, Japan, India and Canada. In addition, we have distributors in Europe, Russia, the Middle East, Africa, the Asia Pacific region, and Latin America.

In January 2019, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Accuray Asia Limited (“Accuray Asia”), entered into an agreement with CNNC High Energy Equipment (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of China Isotope & Radiation Corporation, to form a joint venture, CNNC Accuray (Tianjin) Medical Technology Co. Ltd. (the “JV”), to manufacture and sell radiation oncology systems in China. The JV aims to be uniquely positioned to serve China, which we believe is the world’s largest growth market for radiation

oncology systems. China represents a significantly underserved market for linacs based on the country’s population and cancer incidence rates on both an absolute and relative country basis.

With the receipt of the necessary permits and licenses to operate, the JV has begun selling products in China, much like a distributor. The JV has begun to manufacture and sell a locally branded “Made in China” radiotherapy device, the Tomo C radiation therapy system, in the Class B license category. We believe this strategy will allow us to best maximize both near and longer-term opportunities in China. In September 2023, we received approval for our Class B device from the National Medical Products Administration (“NMPA”) and our Accuray Precision Treatment Planning System for the Class B device was approved by the NMPA in June 2024. The JV also distributes other Accuray treatment delivery systems like the Radixact and CyberKnife treatment delivery systems.

In order for the product portion of a system sales agreement to be included in backlog, it must meet the following criteria:

Our backlog includes contractual agreements with our customers for the purchase of our CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms, including the Radixact Systems and related upgrades. The amount of backlog recognized into revenue is primarily impacted by three items: cancellations, age-outs and age-ins, and foreign currency fluctuations. We cannot provide assurance that we will convert backlog into recognized revenue, primarily due to factors outside of our control, such as:

A summary of gross orders, net orders, and order backlog is as follows (in thousands):

Gross orders are defined as the sum of new orders recorded during the period, adjusted for any revisions to existing orders during the period.

Gross orders decreased by $8.4 million primarily due to a $9.2 million decrease in CyberKnife System gross orders and upgrades, partially offset by a $0.8 million increase in TomoTherapy System gross orders and upgrades during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. System gross orders primarily decreased in the Americas region and Japan and were partially offset by an increase in system gross orders from the EIMEA region during three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.

Our book to bill ratio is defined as gross orders for the period divided by product revenue for the period. Our book to bill ratio was 1.1 during the three months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to 1.2 during the three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. A book-to-bill ratio greater than 1.2 generally indicates strong demand for our products. This metric allows management to monitor our business development efforts to ensure we grow our backlog and our business over time.

Net orders are defined as gross orders less cancellations, age-outs net of age-ins, foreign currency impacts and other adjustments during the period. Net orders decreased by $2.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to a decrease in gross orders as described above partially offset by lower cancellations in first quarter of fiscal year 2025 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.

Products net revenue decreased $5.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, mostly driven by a lower volume of shipments of system units of our TomoTherapy System and CyberKnife System. Services net revenue increased $2.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to an increase in our installed base and an increase in prices for certain of our service contracts.

Net revenue by geographic region, based on the shipping location of our customers, is as follows:

Net revenue decreased $2.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to a lower volume of shipments to the EIMEA region, partially offset by a higher volume of shipments to China and the APAC region. This decrease was partially offset by higher service revenues in the EIMEA region and China due to an increase in our installed base in each region. Additionally, revenues from the Americas region are being negatively impacted by reduced budgets and lower capital deployment priority for radiotherapy equipment, along with longer customer installation timelines which we expect will continue to have an impact on net revenue through fiscal year 2026.

Gross profit decreased by $5.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to $2.0 million increase in the net deferred gross profit on sales to the JV, a $2.0 million increase in departmental costs, and $1.0 million in higher service parts consumption.

Research and development expenses decreased by $1.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to lower compensation and benefit costs of $1.6 million as a result of lower headcount from the 2024 restructuring initiative in the second quarter of fiscal year 2024.

Selling and marketing expenses increased by $1.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year primarily due to an increase of $1.0 million in trade show expenses that resulted from a trade show occurring in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2024.

General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year primarily due to $0.6 million in lower facility costs offset by a $0.3 million increase in bad debt expense.

Income (loss) from equity method investment, which relates to our JV, decreased by $0.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to a decrease in the sale of systems.

Interest expense remained flat during the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to higher average interest rates, partially offset by lower outstanding balances on our Credit Facilities.

Other expense, net, increased by $2.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, due to a gain from foreign currency transactions primarily due to the Japanese Yen being more favorable when translated into the U.S. Dollar.

On a quarterly basis, we provide for income taxes based upon an estimated annual effective income tax rate. The provision for income taxes decreased by $1.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to an additional expense in the prior year period relating to higher deferred tax liability on unremitted foreign earnings.

At September 30, 2024, we had $59.2 million in cash and cash equivalents. Cash from operations could be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including, declines in our revenue, particularly without a corresponding decrease in our expenses, the timing of payments from our customers and our expenditures, as well as but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, inflation, actions taken to counter inflation, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, and the risks included in Part I, Item 1A titled “Risk Factors.” In particular, we expect inflation and the ongoing supply chain challenges and logistics costs to impact our cash from operations through fiscal year 2025. Based on our cash and cash equivalents balance, available debt facilities, current business plan and revenue prospects, we believe we will have sufficient cash resources and anticipated cash flows to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. However, we continue to critically review our liquidity and anticipated capital requirements in light of the significant uncertainty created by macroeconomic conditions.

Our liquidity and cash flows have been and could continue to be materially impacted by factors other than our cash from operations and factors that are not in our control, such as current macroeconomic factors, including facility closures, supply chain disruptions, inflation, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, increased volatility in the financial markets, uncertainty caused by the China anti-corruption campaign and timing of the China stimulus program changes in the U.S. presidential administration, tightening of credit markets which could impact debt availability. These factors have and could continue to negatively impact our business operations and cash flows for the foreseeable future, including reductions in revenue, decreases in gross margin and delays in payments from customers, as well as declines or delays in the conversion of backlog to revenue. Certain of our revenue may not be collectible to the extent our customers suffer financial difficulty. There remain uncertainties as to how the current macroeconomic environment will impact our business, results of operations, access to sources of liquidity and financial condition in the future. As a result, we are unable to predict with certainty the impacts of these factors on our ability to maintain compliance with the financial covenants contained in the credit and security agreements related to our credit facilities. On September 12, 2024, we entered into the Fourth Amendment to (i) change the requirements of certain financial maintenance covenants under the Credit Agreement for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2024, (ii) add a minimum liquidity covenant to the Credit Agreement and (iii) reduce the available revolving commitments available under the Credit Agreement to no more than $20.0 million through the end of the agreement.

In May 2021, we issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 under an indenture between us and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Concurrently, with the issuance of the convertible notes, in May 2021, we entered into a senior secured credit agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, individually as a lender and agent, and the other lenders (the “Credit Agreement”), which provides for a five-year $80 million term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”) and a $40 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). As of September 30, 2024, we had an outstanding balance under the Term Loan Facility of $62.0 million and Revolving Credit Facility of $10.0 million. Refer to Note 9. Debt to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussion of the Term Loan Facility, the Revolving Credit Facility and our Convertible Notes outstanding as of September 30, 2024.

Additionally, the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries at September 30, 2024, for all countries except Japan, France, Switzerland and the United Kingdom are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and unavailable for distribution in the form of dividends or otherwise. Future repatriation of our foreign earnings could be subject to income taxes. As of September 30, 2024, we had $11.9 million of cash and cash equivalents at our foreign subsidiaries. If such funds were repatriated, there will be additional foreign tax withholdings imposed depending on the country from which the funds were repatriated.

Our cash flows for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

Net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended September 30, 2024 was from a net loss of $4.0 million and a decrease from the net changes from assets and liabilities of $12.2 million, partially offset by an increase from non-cash items of $8.9 million.

Net cash used in investing activities was $1.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and was for the purchase of property and equipment.

Net cash used in financing activities during the three months ended September 30, 2024 was due to the scheduled payment of $2.0 million for the principal amount outstanding on our Term Loan Facility. In addition, we borrowed and repaid $10.0 million on our Revolving Credit Facility during the first quarter of fiscal year 2025.

Our future capital requirements depend on numerous factors. These factors include but are not limited to the following:

We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents balance will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. If these sources of cash and cash equivalents are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, or we believe market conditions are favorable, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or enter into additional credit facilities. The sale of additional equity or convertible debt securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of debt securities, these securities could have rights senior to those associated with our common stock and could contain covenants that would restrict our operations. Additional financing may not be available at all, or in amounts or on terms acceptable to us. If we are unable to obtain this additional financing, we may be required to reduce the scope of our planned product development and marketing efforts.

We presented our contractual obligations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024. Our contractual obligations consist of debt, operating leases, purchase commitments, and other contractual obligations. There have been no material changes to these obligations outside the ordinary course of business during the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the contractual obligations disclosed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024.

We experienced rising costs for certain materials, including increased logistics and duties costs that adversely affected our gross margins and net income (loss), and had a material effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations for fiscal years 2023 and 2024. We expect that gross margins and net income (loss) will continue to be adversely affected by increased material costs and freight and logistic expenses in fiscal year 2025 as we are unable to pass all of these increased costs to our customers. In addition, we expect inflation and the ongoing supply chain challenges and logistics costs to impact our cash from operations through fiscal year 2025. Continued pressure from inflationary factors, such as further increases in the cost of materials for our products, cost of labor,

interest rates, overhead costs, logistics and duties costs could further exacerbate these effects and harm our business, operating results, and financial condition.

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. The economic uncertainty in the current environment however, could limit our ability to accurately make and evaluate our estimates and judgments. Actual results could therefore differ materially from those estimates if actual conditions differ from our assumptions.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were no material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates, previously disclosed in Part II, Item 7, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on September 19, 2024.

We do not utilize derivative commodity instruments or other market risk sensitive instruments, positions or transactions, but we may in the future.

Our cash and cash equivalents are deposited with several major financial institutions. At times, deposits in these institutions exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts and do not believe that we are exposed to any significant risk of loss on these balances.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, one customer represented 10% or more of total net revenue. As of September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024, we had one customer that accounted for 10% or more of our total accounts receivable, net.

We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and maintain reserves for potential credit losses. Accounts receivable are deemed past due in accordance with the contractual terms of the agreement. Accounts receivable balances are charged against the allowance for credit losses once collection efforts are unsuccessful.

Single-source suppliers presently provide us with several components. In most cases, if a supplier was unable to deliver these components, we believe that we would be able to find other sources for these components subject to any regulatory qualifications, if required.

A majority of our sales are denominated in foreign currencies, most notably the Euro and the Japanese Yen. Future fluctuations in the value of the U.S. Dollar may affect the price competitiveness of our products outside the United States. For direct sales outside the United States, we sell in both U.S. Dollars and local currencies, which exposes us to additional foreign currency risks, including changes in currency exchange rates. Our operating expenses in countries outside the United States are mostly payable in local currencies and therefore, expose us to currency risk. Foreign exchange continues to be a significant headwind as the U.S. Dollar has strengthened recently, which affect our results of operations and we may see our sales and margins outside of the U.S. decline as we may not be able to raise local prices to fully offset the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar.

We expect the changes in the fair value of the net foreign currency assets arising from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates to be materially offset by the changes in the fair value of the forward contracts. We have developed a foreign exchange risk management policy to mitigate foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation risk. As of September 30, 2024, we had entered into foreign currency forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies with a stated or notional value of approximately $87.6 million. These foreign currency forward contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment and all changes in fair value are reported in earnings as part of other expense, net. We have not entered into any other types of derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purpose.

Our debt obligations consist of a variety of financial instruments that expose us to interest rate risk including, but not limited to the Credit Facilities and Notes. The interest rates on the Notes are fixed and the interest rate on the Credit Facilities are at variable rates, which are tied to a “prime rate” and the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). As of September 30, 2024, our borrowings under the Term Loan Facility totaling $62.0 million and Revolving Credit Facility totaling $10.0 million, are both subject to a 90-day SOFR (subject to a 0.50% floor) plus a margin between 2.50% and 3.25% as determined by the Consolidated Senior Net Leverage Ratio as defined in the credit agreement governing the Credit Facilities. If the amount outstanding under the Credit Facilities remained at this level for the next 12 months and interest rates increased or decreased by a 50 basis point change, our annual interest expense would increase or decrease, respectively, approximately $0.4 million. Refer to Note 9. Debt to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion regarding our debt obligation.

On May 13, 2021, we issued approximately $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Notes due 2026. Upon conversion, we can settle the obligation by issuing our common stock, cash or a combination thereof at an initial conversion rate equal to 170.5611 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Notes due 2026, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $5.86 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment. There is no equity price risk if the share price of our common stock is below $5.86 upon conversion of the 3.75% Convertible Notes due 2026. For every $1 that the share price of our common stock exceeds $5.86, we expect to issue an additional $17.1 million in cash or shares of our common stock, or a combination thereof, if all of the 3.75% Convertible Notes due 2026 are converted.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2024.

Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a‑15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based upon the guidelines established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) 2013.

As disclosed in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2024, as of June 30, 2024, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as a result of two material weaknesses detailed below. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

A deficiency was identified associated with the risk assessment component of the COSO framework. This specifically related to the implementation of the SAP S/4HANA ERP system on August 1, 2023, which contributed to two material weaknesses within our system of internal control over financial reporting at the control activity level;

Notwithstanding the material weaknesses, management has concluded that the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Management is committed to addressing and remediating the material weaknesses described above and has developed a plan to enhance the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. Remediation measures, which are currently ongoing, include the following:

Implementation of the above remediation measures is subject to oversight by the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, and while certain remediation measures are currently in place, the identified material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the remediation measures have been fully implemented, the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and we have concluded through testing that the newly implemented controls are operating effectively.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2024, and has concluded that other than the material weaknesses identified with corresponding remediation measures described above, there were no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have been materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. These inherent limitations, however, are known features of the financial reporting process, therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and in reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

The information set forth in Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies—Litigation, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in Part I, Item 1A titled “Risk Factors.” These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves significant risks, a number of which are beyond our control. In addition to the other information contained in this Form 10‑Q, the following discussion highlights some of these risks and the possible impact of these factors on our business, financial condition and future results of operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely impacted, causing the trading price of our common stock to decline. In addition, these risks and uncertainties may impact the “forward‑looking” statements described elsewhere in this Form 10‑Q and in the documents incorporated herein by reference. They could affect our actual results of operations, causing them to differ materially from those expressed in “forward‑looking” statements.

We face risks related to the current global economic environment, including risks arising in connection with inflation, recession or currency fluctuations, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations by, among other things, delaying or preventing our customers from obtaining financing to purchase our products and services or implementing the required facilities to house our systems.

Our business and results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the global markets and the economy generally. Concerns over economic and political stability; inflation levels and related efforts to mitigate inflation; a potential recession; the level of U.S. national debt, the U.S. debt credit rating and U.S. budgetary concerns; currency fluctuations and volatility; the rate of growth of Japan, China and other Asian economies, including the impact of the China anti-corruption campaign and timing of China stimulus program on those economies; unemployment; the availability and cost of credit; trade relations, including the imposition of various sanctions and tariffs in other countries; the duration and severity of the ongoing recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic; energy costs; instability in the banking and financial services sector and geopolitical uncertainty and conflict, and forthcoming changes in the U.S. presidential administration, have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and the markets in general. In turn, periods of economic slowdown or recession could lead to a reduction in demand for our products and services, which in turn would reduce our revenues and adversely affect our results of operations and our financial position. The results of these macroeconomic conditions, and the actions taken by governments, central banks, companies, and consumers in response, have and may continue to result in higher inflation in the U.S. and globally, which has led to an increase in costs and caused changes in fiscal and monetary policy, including increased interest rates. Other adverse impacts of recent macroeconomic conditions that have impacted us and may continue to impact us are foreign exchange rate fluctuations, supply chain constraints, logistics challenges, and fluctuations in labor availability. Thus, if general macroeconomic conditions deteriorate, our business and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

In an inflationary environment, we may be unable to raise the prices of our products and services sufficiently to keep up with the rate of inflation. Impacts from inflationary pressures could be more pronounced and materially adversely impact aspects of our business where revenue streams and cost commitments are linked to contractual agreements that extend many years into the future, as we may not be able to quickly or easily adjust pricing, reduce costs, or implement counter measures. A higher inflationary environment can also negatively impact raw material, component, and logistics costs that, in turn, has increased the costs of producing and distributing our products. For example, inflationary pressures beginning in fiscal year 2023 have resulted in rising costs for certain materials, including increased logistics and duties costs, that have adversely affected our gross margins, which have had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Continued pressure from these inflationary factors could further exacerbate these effects.

Further, the U.S. federal government has called for, or enacted, substantial changes to healthcare, trade, fiscal, and tax policies, which may include changes to existing trade agreements and may have a significant impact on our operations. For example, the United States has imposed tariffs on certain foreign products, including from China, that have resulted in and may result in future retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods and products. We cannot predict whether these policies will continue, or if new policies will be enacted, or the impact, if any, that any policy changes could have on our business. In addition, failure of the U.S. Government to pass a budget in a timely manner or any reductions in healthcare spending in the budget may adversely impact us or our customers. If economic conditions worsen, or new legislation is passed related to the healthcare system, trade, fiscal or tax policies, customer demand may not materialize to levels we require to achieve our anticipated financial results, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, inflation and the ongoing supply chain challenges and logistics costs have materially affected our gross margins and net income (loss), and we expect that gross margins and net income (loss) will continue to be adversely affected by increased material costs and freight and logistic expenses through fiscal year 2025, and potentially longer. In addition, we expect inflation and the ongoing supply chain challenges and logistics costs to impact our cash from operations through fiscal year 2025.

The uncertain macroeconomic environment, including volatile credit markets and concerns regarding the availability and cost of credit, increased interest rates, inflation, reduced economic growth or a recession, instability in the banking and financial services sector, and concerns relating to changes in the U.S. presidential administration, in any of the geographic areas where we do business, could impact consumer and customer demand for our products and services, as well as our ability to manage normal commercial relationships with our customers, suppliers and creditors, including financial institutions, and the ability of our customers to meet their obligations to us. For example, in the United States, at least one customer declared bankruptcy in fiscal 2023 causing us to increase our bad debt reserve due to the expectation that they will be unable to pay us. Further, some of our customers have been delayed in obtaining, or have not been able to obtain, necessary financing for their purchases of the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms. In addition, some of our customers have been delayed in obtaining, or have not been able to obtain, necessary financing for the construction or renovation of facilities to house the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms, the cost of which can be substantial. These delays have, in some instances, led to our customers postponing the shipment and installation of previously ordered systems or cancelling their system orders and may cause other customers to postpone their system installation or to cancel their agreements with us. Reduced budgets and lower capital deployment priority for radiotherapy equipment, along with longer customer installation timelines, in the United States have also negatively impacted our net revenue since fiscal year 2024, and we expect this will continue to have an impact through fiscal year 2026. A continuation or further deterioration of the adverse economic environment would further

increase delays and order cancellations, or affect our ability to collect from our customers, any of which would continue to adversely affect revenues, and therefore, harm our business and results of operations.

If the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms do not achieve widespread market acceptance, we will not be able to generate the revenue necessary to support our business.

Achieving physician, patient, hospital administrator and third‑party payor acceptance of the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms as preferred methods of tumor treatment is crucial to our continued success. Physicians will not begin to use or increase the use of the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms unless they determine, based on experience, clinical data and other factors, that the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms are safe and effective alternatives to traditional treatment methods. Further, physicians may be slow to adopt new or updated versions of our CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms because of the perceived liability risks arising from the use of new products and the uncertainty of reimbursement from third-party payors, particularly in light of ongoing health care reform initiatives and the evolving U.S. health care environment. If we are not able to expand market acceptance of our products and maintain and increase our base of installed systems, or installed base, then sales of our products may not meet expectations. Any failure to expand and protect our existing installed base could adversely affect our operating results.

We often need to educate physicians about the use of stereotactic radiosurgery, image guided radiation therapy (“IGRT”) and adaptive radiation therapy, convince healthcare payors that the benefits of the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms and their related treatment processes outweigh their costs, and help train qualified physicians in the skilled use of these systems. In addition, we also must educate prospective customers regarding the entire functionality of our radiation therapy systems and their relative benefits compared to alternative products and treatment methods. We must also increase awareness among potential patients, who are increasingly educated about treatment options and therefore, impact adoption of new technologies by clinicians. We have expended and will continue to expend significant resources on marketing and educational efforts to create awareness of stereotactic radiosurgery and robotic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (“IMRT”) as well as adaptive radiation therapy and IGRT generally and to encourage the acceptance and adoption of our products for these technologies. We cannot be sure that our products will gain significant market acceptance among physicians, patients and healthcare payors, even if we spend significant time and expense on their education.

In addition to achieving market acceptance of our products and the need to educate physicians and others about the benefits of our products, the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms are major capital purchases, and purchase decisions are greatly influenced by hospital administrators who are subject to increasing pressures to reduce costs. In addition, hospitals and other health professionals may reduce staffing and reduce or postpone meetings with potential suppliers in response to the spread of an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, effectively delaying the decision on potential purchases of new products such as ours. These and other factors, including the following, may affect the rate and level of market acceptance of the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms:

If the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms are unable to achieve or maintain market acceptance, new orders and sales of our systems would be adversely affected, our revenue levels would decrease and our business would be harmed.

Our ability to achieve profitability depends in part on maintaining or increasing our gross margins on product sales and services, which we may not be able to achieve.

As of September 30, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $521.6 million. We have incurred net losses, and expect to incur net losses in the future, particularly as selling and marketing activities increase ahead of any expected revenue. Our ability to achieve and sustain long‑term profitability is largely dependent on our ability to successfully market and sell the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy

platforms, control our costs, and effectively manage our growth. We cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve profitability and even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. In the event we fail to achieve profitability, our stock price could decline.

Our ability to achieve profitability also depends on our ability to maintain or increase our gross margins on product sales and services. A number of factors have adversely impacted or could impact gross margins, including:

If we are unable to maintain or increase our gross margins on product sales and service, our results of operations could be adversely impacted, we may not achieve profitability and our stock price could decline.

We have outstanding indebtedness in the form of Convertible Senior Notes and a credit facility and may incur other debt in the future, which may adversely affect our financial condition and future financial results.

In May 2021, we issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Notes”). As our debt matures, we anticipate having to expend significant resources to either repay or refinance the Notes. For example, in May 2021, in connection with the issuance of the Notes, we (i) exchanged approximately $82.1 million aggregate principal amount of our previously issued 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 for approximately $97.1 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes and (ii) sold approximately $2.9 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes for cash. If we decide to, or are required to, refinance the Notes in the future, we may be required to do so on different or less favorable terms or we may be unable to refinance the Notes at all, both of which may adversely affect our financial condition.

In May 2021, we entered into a credit agreement that provided us with a five-year $80.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan Facility”) and $40.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and together with the “Term Loan Facility”, the “Credit Facilities”).

As of September 30, 2024 , we had total consolidated liabilities of $427.9 million; including long-term liabilities of the Notes of $100.0 million, the Revolving Credit Facility of $10.0 million and the Term Loan Facility of $62.0 million, of which $7.8 million is classified as short-term loan. Our existing and future levels of indebtedness could have important consequences to stockholders and note holders and may adversely affect our financial conditions and future financial results by, among other things:

The credit agreement governing the Credit Facilities (the “Existing Credit Agreement”) also includes certain restrictive covenants that limit, among other things, our ability and our subsidiaries’ ability to (i) incur indebtedness, (ii) incur liens on their property, (iii) pay dividends or make other distributions, (iv) sell their assets, (v) make certain loans or investments, (vi) merge or consolidate, (vii) voluntarily repay or prepay certain indebtedness and (viii) enter into transactions with affiliates, in each case, subject to certain exceptions. In addition, such agreements require us to meet certain financial covenants, including a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio and consolidated senior net leverage ratio, as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement. These restrictions could adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs, withstand a future downturn in our business or the economy in general, engage in business activities, including future opportunities that may be in our interest, and plan for or react to market conditions or otherwise execute our business strategies. Our ability to comply with the covenants and other terms governing the Credit Facilities will depend in part on our future operating performance. If we fail to comply with such covenants and terms, we may be in default and the maturity of the related debt could be accelerated and become immediately due and payable. In addition, because substantially all of our assets are pledged as a security under the Credit Facilities, if we are not able to cure any default or repay outstanding borrowings, such assets are subject to the risk of foreclosure by our lenders. From time to time, we have not been in compliance with such covenants or other terms governing the Credit Facilities and we have been required to obtain waivers or amendments to the Existing Credit Agreement from our lenders in order to maintain compliance. For example, in the first fiscal quarter of 2025, we amended the Existing Credit Agreement to make certain changes to our financial covenants that enabled us to remain in compliance with such covenants. There can, however, be no certainty that any such waiver or amendment will be available to us in the future, or what the cost of such waiver or amendment, if obtained, would be. If we are unable to obtain necessary waivers or relevant amendments and the debt under such credit facility is accelerated, we would be required to obtain replacement financing at prevailing market rates, which may not be favorable to us. Additionally, a default on indebtedness could result in a default under the terms of the indenture governing the Notes. There is no guarantee that we would be able to satisfy our obligations if any of our indebtedness is accelerated.

In addition, our debt obligations consist of a variety of financial instruments that expose us to interest rate risk, including, but not limited to the Credit Facilities and Notes. If the amount outstanding under the Credit Facilities remained at this level for the next 12 months and interest rates increased or decreased by 50 basis point change, our annual interest expense would increase or decrease, respectively, approximately $0.4 million.

Our operating results, including our cash flows, quarterly orders, revenues and margins fluctuate from quarter to quarter and may be unpredictable, which may result in a decline in our stock price.

We have experienced and expect in the future to experience fluctuations in our operating results, including gross orders, revenues and margins, from period to period. Drivers of orders include the introduction and timing of new product or product enhancement announcements by us and our competitors, the timing of regulatory approvals, changes in price by us and our competitors as well as changes or anticipated changes in third‑party reimbursement amounts or policies applicable to treatments using our products. The availability of economic stimulus packages or other government funding, or reductions thereof, may also affect timing of customer purchases. Our products have a high unit price and require significant capital expenditures by our customers. Accordingly, we experience long sales and implementation cycles, which is of greater concern during a volatile economic environment where we have had customers delay or cancel orders. The timing of when orders are placed, when installation, delivery or shipping, as applicable, is accomplished and when revenue is recognized affect our quarterly results. Further, because of the high unit price of the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms and the relatively small number of units sold or installed each quarter, each sale or installation of a CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platform can represent a significant percentage of our net orders, backlog or revenue for a particular quarter and shifts in sales or installation from one quarter to another may have significant effects. For example, multi-system sales or sales involving negotiations with integrated delivery networks involve additional complexities to the transaction and require a longer timeline to finalize the sale, which make it more difficult to predict the quarter in which the sale will occur. In addition, we have experienced delays in orders and installations due to the impact of macroeconomic factors as well as the COVID-19 pandemic at our customer sites.

Once orders are received and booked into backlog, there is a risk that we may not recognize revenue in the near term or at all. The pace at which backlog converts to revenue has been adversely impacted in recent years, primarily due to delays in the timing of deliveries and installations in fiscal 2020 through 2022 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting effects on the global economic environment. These delays in deliveries and installations could occur again in the future, which could have a negative impact on our revenue. Factors that may affect whether these orders become revenue (or are cancelled or deemed aged‑out and reflected as a reduction in net orders) and the timing of revenue include:

Our operating results may also be affected by a number of other factors, some of which are outside of our control, including:

Because many of our operating expenses are based on anticipated sales and a high percentage of these expenses are fixed for the short term, a small variation in the timing of revenue recognition can cause significant variations in operating results from quarter to quarter. If our financial results fall below the expectation of securities analysts and investors, the trading price of our common stock would almost certainly decline.

We report our orders and backlog on a quarterly and annual basis. Unlike revenues, orders and backlog are not defined by United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), and are not within the scope of the audit conducted by our independent registered public accounting firm. Also, for the reasons discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, our orders and backlog cannot necessarily be relied upon as accurate predictors of future revenues. Order cancellation or significant delays in installation date will reduce our backlog and future revenues, and we cannot predict if or when orders will mature into revenues. Particularly high levels of cancellations or age-outs in one or more periods may cause our revenue and gross margins to decline in current or future periods and will make it difficult to compare our operating results from quarter to quarter. We cannot assure you that our backlog will result in revenue on a timely basis or at all, or that any cancelled contracts will be replaced.

Our industry is subject to intense competition and rapid technological change, which may result in products or new tumor treatments that are superior to the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms. If we are unable to anticipate or keep pace with changes in the marketplace and the direction of technological innovation and customer demands, our products may become obsolete or less useful and our operating results will suffer.

The medical device industry in general and the non‑invasive cancer treatment field in particular are subject to intense and increasing competition and rapidly evolving technologies. Because our products often have long development and government approval cycles, we must anticipate changes in the marketplace and the direction of technological innovation and customer demands. To compete successfully, we will need to continue to demonstrate the advantages of our products and technologies over well‑established alternative procedures, products and technologies, and convince physicians and other healthcare decision makers of the advantages of our products and technologies. Traditional surgery and other forms of minimally invasive procedures, brachytherapy, chemotherapy or other drugs remain alternatives to the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms.

We consider the competition for the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms to be existing radiation therapy systems, primarily using C‑arm linacs, which are sold by large, well‑capitalized companies with significantly greater market share and resources than we have. Several of these competitors are also able to leverage their fixed sales, service and other costs over multiple products or product lines. In particular, we compete with a number of existing radiation therapy equipment companies, including Varian Medical Systems, Inc., a Siemens Healthineers company (“Varian”), Elekta AB (“Elekta”), RefleXion Medical Inc. and Zap Surgical Systems. Varian has been the leader in the external beam radiation therapy market for many years and has the majority market share for radiation therapy systems worldwide. In general, because of aging demographics and attractive market factors in oncology, we believe that new competitors will enter the radiosurgery and radiation therapy markets in the years ahead. In addition, some manufacturers of conventional linac based radiation therapy systems, including Varian and Elekta, have products that can be used in combination with body and/or head frames and image guidance systems to perform both radiosurgical and radiotherapy procedures.

Furthermore, many government, academic and business entities are investing substantial resources in research and development of cancer treatments, including surgical approaches, radiation treatment, MRI‑guided radiotherapy systems, proton therapy systems, radiopharmaceutical/pharmaceutical treatments, gene therapy (which is the treatment of disease by replacing, manipulating, or supplementing nonfunctional genes) and other approaches. Successful developments that result in new approaches for the treatment of cancer could reduce the attractiveness of our products or render them obsolete.

Our future success will depend in large part on our ability to establish and maintain a competitive position in current and future technologies. Rapid technological development may render the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms and their technologies obsolete. Many of our competitors have or may have greater corporate, financial, operational, sales and marketing resources, and more experience and resources in research and development than we have. We cannot assure you that our competitors will not succeed in developing or marketing technologies or products that are more effective or commercially attractive than our products or that would render our technologies and products obsolete or less useful. We may not have the financial resources, technical expertise, marketing, distribution or support capabilities to compete successfully in the future. In addition, some of our competitors may compete by changing their pricing model or by lowering the price of their products. If we are unable to maintain or increase our selling prices, our revenue and gross margins may suffer. Our success will depend in large part on our ability to maintain a competitive position with our technologies.

In addition to competition from technologies performing similar functions as our platforms, competition also exists for the limited capital expenditure budgets of our customers. For example, our platforms may compete with other equipment required by a radiation therapy department for financing under the same capital expenditure budget, which is typically limited. A purchaser, such as a hospital or cancer treatment center, may be required to select between the two items of capital equipment. Our ability to compete may also be adversely affected when purchase decisions are based solely upon price, since our products are premium‑priced systems due to their higher level of functionality and performance.

We are subject to risks arising from our international operations, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We derive most of our revenue from our international operations, and we plan to continue expanding our business in international markets in the future. In addition, we have employees engaged in R&D, manufacturing, administration, manufacturing, support and sales and marketing activities.

As a result of our international operations, in addition to similar risks we face in our U.S. operations, we are affected by economic, business, regulatory, social, and political conditions in foreign countries, including the following:

Our inability to overcome these obstacles could harm our business, financial condition and operating results. Even if we are successful in managing these obstacles, our partners internationally are subject to these same risks and may not be able to manage these obstacles effectively.

In addition, our partners internationally are subject to these same risks. If we or our partners are impacted by any of these factors, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our results have been and may continue to be impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Our operating results are subject to volatility due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Currently, the majority of our international sales are denominated in U.S. Dollars. As a result, an increase in the value of the U.S. Dollar relative to foreign currencies could require us to reduce our sales price or make our products less competitive in international markets. Foreign exchange continues to be a significant headwind as the U.S. Dollar has continued to strengthen, which affect our results of operations and could cause potential delays in orders and we may see our sales and margins outside of the U.S. decline as we may not be able to raise local

prices to fully offset the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar. Also, if our international sales continue to increase, we may enter into a greater number of transactions denominated in non‑U.S. Dollars, which would expose us to foreign currency risks, including changes in currency exchange rates. If we are unable to address these risks and challenges effectively, our international operations may not be successful and our business would be materially harmed.

Enhanced international tariffs, including tariffs imposed by the United States and China that affect our products or components within our products, other trade barriers or a global trade war could increase our costs and materially and adversely affect our business operations and financial condition.

Our global business could be negatively affected by trade barriers and other governmental protectionist measures, any of which can be imposed suddenly and unpredictably. For example, following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the United States and other countries imposed economic sanctions and severe export control restrictions against Russia and Belarus, and the United States and other countries could impose wider sanctions and export restrictions and take other actions should the conflict further escalate. Any exports or sales of our products into Russia and Belarus may be impacted by these restrictions. For instance, we are not able to ship certain spare or replacement parts into Russia and Belarus, which impacts our distributor's ability to service our installed base in such countries. The military conflict in Ukraine has also led to an expansion of sanction programs imposed against Russia by the United States, Canada, the EU, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Japan, among others, that in relevant part, impose sanctions against some of the largest state-owned and private Russian financial institutions (and their subsequent removal from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (“SWIFT”) payment system) and certain Russian businesses, some of which have significant financial and trade ties to the EU, making it increasingly difficult to transfer money from Russia to other countries. In response to international sanctions, and as part of measures to stabilize and support the volatile Russian financial and currency markets, the Russian authorities imposed significant currency control measures aimed at restricting the outflow of foreign currency and capital from Russia, imposed various restrictions on transacting with non-Russian parties, banned exports of various products and imposed other economic and financial restrictions. If we are unable to receive payment from customers in Russia or transfer money outside of Russia, it could affect our ability to convert backlog from that region into revenue. The situation continues to evolve, and the United States, the EU, the United Kingdom and other countries may implement additional sanctions, export controls or other measures against Russia and other countries, regions, officials, individuals or industries in the respective territories. Such sanctions and measures, as well as existing and potential further responses from Russia or other countries, could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets, as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations, which may also magnify the impact of other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.

There is also currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and various other countries, most significantly China, with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations and tariffs and such uncertainty could continue with changes in the U.S. presidential administration. Since the beginning of 2018, there has been legislative or executive action, from U.S. and foreign leaders regarding instituting tariffs against foreign imports of certain materials. During the last half of calendar year 2018, the federal government imposed a series of tariffs ranging from 10% to 25% on a variety of imports from China. These tariffs affect certain components, including the linear accelerator for our CyberKnife platforms, which we manufacture in China and import into the U.S., as well as other components that we import into the U.S. from our suppliers. China responded to these tariffs with retaliatory tariffs ranging from 5% to 25% on a wide range of products from the U.S., which include certain of our products. Although the U.S. and China signed an initial trade deal in January 2020 and we have thus far been able to obtain tariff exemptions for medical linear accelerators imported into the U.S. from China, there is no assurance that the exemption on medical linear accelerators will continue or that we will continue to qualify for such exemption. If these tariffs continue, if additional tariffs are placed on certain of our components or products, or if any related counter-measures are taken by China, the U.S. or other countries, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially harmed. The imposition of tariffs could also increase our costs and require us to raise prices on our products, which may negatively impact the demand for our products in the affected market. If we are not successful in offsetting the impact of any such tariffs, our revenue, gross margins and operating results may be adversely affected.

These tariffs are subject to a number of uncertainties as they are implemented, including future adjustments and changes. The ultimate reaction of other countries and the impact of these tariffs or other actions on the U.S., the global economy and our business, financial condition and results of operations, cannot be predicted at this time, nor can we predict the impact of any other developments with respect to global trade. Further, the imposition of additional tariffs by the U.S. could result in the adoption of additional tariffs by other countries, as well as further retaliatory actions by any affected country. Any resulting trade war could negatively impact the global market for medical devices, including radiation therapy devices, and could have a significant adverse effect on our business. These developments may have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and they may significantly reduce global trade. Any of these factors could depress economic activity, restrict our access to customers and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we encounter manufacturing problems, or if our manufacturing facilities do not continue to meet federal, state or foreign manufacturing standards, we may be required to temporarily cease all or part of our manufacturing operations, which would result in delays and lost revenue.

The CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms are complex and require the integration of a number of components from several sources of supply. We must manufacture and assemble these complex systems in commercial quantities in compliance with regulatory requirements and at an acceptable cost. Our linear accelerator components are extremely complex devices and require significant expertise to manufacture, and we may encounter difficulties in scaling up production of the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms, including problems with quality control and assurance, component supply shortages, increased costs, shortages of qualified personnel, the long lead time required to develop additional radiation shielded facilities for purposes of testing our products and/or difficulties associated with compliance with local, state, federal and foreign regulatory requirements. In addition, the macroeconomic environment has and may continue to impact the supply of key components such that we may not receive them in a timely manner, in sufficient quantities, or at a reasonable cost. In addition, as a result of COVID-related restrictions in China, we may also experience limitations in the availability of qualified personnel. If component supply or our manufacturing capacity does not keep pace with demand, we will not be able to fulfill product orders or service our products in a timely manner, which in turn may have a negative effect on our financial results and overall business. Conversely, if demand for our products decreases, the fixed costs associated with excess manufacturing capacity may adversely affect our financial results.

Our manufacturing processes and the manufacturing processes of our third‑party suppliers are required to comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulations (“QSR”) for any products imported into, or sold within, the U.S. The QSR is a complex regulatory scheme that covers the methods and documentation of the design, testing, production process and controls, manufacturing, labeling, quality assurance, packaging, storage and shipping of our products. Furthermore, we are required to verify that our suppliers maintain facilities, procedures and operations that comply with our quality requirements. We are also subject to state licensing and other requirements and licenses applicable to manufacturers of medical devices, and we are required to comply with International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”), quality system standards in order to produce products for sale in Europe and Canada, as well as various other foreign laws and regulations. Because our manufacturing processes include the production of diagnostic and therapeutic X‑ray equipment and laser equipment, we are subject to the electronic product radiation control provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, which requires that we file reports with the FDA, applicable states and our customers regarding the distribution, manufacturing and installation of these types of equipment. The FDA enforces the QSR and the electronic product radiation control provisions through periodic inspections, some of which may be unannounced. We have been and anticipate in the future being subject to such inspections. FDA inspections usually occur every two to three years. During such inspections, the FDA may issue Inspectional Observations on Form FDA 483, listing instances where the manufacturer has failed to comply with applicable regulations and procedures, or warning letters.

If a manufacturer does not adequately address the observations, the FDA may take enforcement action against the manufacturer, including the imposition of fines, restriction of the ability to export product, total shutdown of production facilities and criminal prosecution. If we or a third‑party supplier receive a Form FDA 483 with material or major observations that are not promptly corrected, fail to pass a QSR inspection, or fail to comply with these, ISO and other applicable regulatory requirements, our operations could be disrupted and our ability to generate sales could be delayed. Our failure to take prompt and satisfactory corrective action in response to an adverse inspection or our failure to comply with applicable standards could result in enforcement actions, including a public warning letter, a shutdown of our manufacturing operations, a recall of our products, civil or criminal penalties, or other sanctions, which would cause our sales and business to suffer. In addition, because some foreign regulatory approvals are based on approvals or clearances from the FDA, any failure to comply with FDA requirements may also disrupt our sales of products in other countries. We cannot assure you that the FDA or other governmental authorities would agree with our interpretation of applicable regulatory requirements or that we or our third‑party suppliers have in all instances fully complied with all applicable requirements. If any of these events occur, our reputation could be harmed, we could lose customers and there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we cannot achieve the required level and quality of production, we may need to outsource production or rely on licensing and other arrangements with third parties who possess sufficient manufacturing facilities and capabilities in compliance with regulatory requirements. Even if we could outsource needed production or enter into licensing or other third‑party arrangements, this could reduce our gross margin and expose us to the risks inherent in relying on others. We also cannot assure you that our suppliers will deliver an adequate supply of required components on a timely basis or that they will adequately comply with the QSR. Failure to obtain these components on a timely basis would disrupt our manufacturing processes and increase our costs, which would harm our operating results.

If we are unable to develop new products or enhance existing products to meet our customers’ needs and compete favorably in the market, we may be unable to attract or retain customers.

Our success depends on the successful development, regulatory clearance or approval, introduction and commercialization of new generations of products, treatment systems, and enhancements to and/or simplification of existing products that will meet our customers’ needs provide novel features and compete favorably in the market. The CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms, which are currently our principal products, are technologically complex and must keep pace with, among other things, the products of our competitors and new technologies. We are making significant investments in long‑term growth initiatives. Such initiatives require significant capital commitments, involvement of senior management and other investments on our part, which we may be unable to recover. Our timeline for the development of new products or enhancements may not be achieved and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. Commercialization of new products may prove challenging, and we may be required to invest more time and money than expected to successfully introduce them. Once introduced, new products may adversely impact orders and sales of our existing products or make them less desirable or even obsolete. Compliance with regulations, competitive alternatives, and shifting market preferences may also impact the successful implementation of new products or enhancements. Our inability to develop, gain regulatory approval for or supply competitive products to the market as quickly and effectively as our competitors could limit market acceptance of our products and reduce our sales.

In addition, we depend on one of our customers for a substantial portion of our revenue, and the loss of, or a significant reduction in orders from our major customer could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and operating results. We had one customer that represented 10% or more of total net revenue for the years ended June 30, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. In the future, our major customer may decide not to purchase our products at all, may purchase fewer products than they did in the past, or may defer or cancel purchases or otherwise alter their purchasing patterns.

Our ability to successfully develop and introduce new products, treatment systems and product enhancements and simplifications, and the revenues and costs associated with these efforts, will be affected by our ability to:

Even if customers accept new products or product enhancements, the revenues from these products may not be sufficient to offset the significant costs associated with making them available to customers.

We cannot be sure that we will be able to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval or clearance for, manufacture or introduce new products, treatment systems or enhancements, the roll‑out of which involves compliance with complex quality assurance processes, including QSR. Failure to obtain regulatory approval or clearance for our products or to complete these processes in a timely and efficient manner could result in delays that could affect our ability to attract and retain customers, or could cause customers to delay or cancel orders, causing our backlog, revenues and operating results to suffer.

If we do not effectively manage our growth, our business may be significantly harmed.

In order to implement our business strategy, we expect continued growth in our infrastructure requirements, particularly as we expand into new and growing markets as well as expand our manufacturing capacities and sales and marketing capabilities. To manage our growth, we must expand our facilities, augment our management, operational and financial systems, hire and train additional qualified personnel, scale‑up our manufacturing capacity and expand our marketing and distribution capabilities, all of which will be more difficult to accomplish the more employees we have that work remotely from home. Our manufacturing, assembly and installation process is complex and occurs over many months and we must effectively scale this entire process to satisfy customer expectations and changes in demand. Further, to accommodate our growth and compete effectively, we will be required to make improvements to our business operations. We cannot be certain that our personnel, systems, procedures and internal controls will be adequate to support our future operations and any expansion of our systems and infrastructure may require us to commit significant additional financial, operational and management resources. If we cannot manage our growth effectively, our business will suffer.

We could become subject to product liability claims, product recalls, other field actions and warranty claims that could be expensive, divert management’s attention and harm our business.

Our business exposes us to potential liability risks that are inherent in the manufacturing, marketing, sale, installation, servicing, and support of medical device products. We may be held liable if one of our CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms or our software, including the Precision Treatment Planning System with iDMS Data Management System software, causes or contributes to injury or death or is found otherwise unsuitable during usage. Our products incorporate sophisticated components and computer software. Complex software can contain errors, particularly when first introduced. In addition, new products or enhancements may contain undetected errors or performance problems that, despite testing, are discovered only after installation. Because our products are designed to be used to perform complex surgical and therapeutic procedures involving delivery of radiation to the body, defects, even if small, could result in a number of complications, some of which could be serious and could harm or kill patients. Any alleged weaknesses in physician training and services associated with our products may result in unsatisfactory patient outcomes and product liability lawsuits. It is also possible that defects in the design, manufacture or labeling of our products might necessitate a product recall or other field corrective action, which may result in warranty claims beyond our expectations and may harm our reputation and create adverse publicity. A product liability claim, regardless of its merit or eventual outcome, could result in significant legal defense costs that may not be covered by insurance and be time-consuming to defend. We may also be subject to claims for personal injury, property damage or economic loss related to, or resulting from, any errors or defects in our products, or the installation, servicing and support of our products, or any professional services rendered in conjunction with our products. Adverse publicity related to any product liability actions may cause patients to be less receptive to radiation therapy generally or our products specifically and could also result in additional regulation that could adversely affect our ability to promote, manufacture and sell our products. The coverage limits of our insurance policies may not be adequate to cover future claims. If sales of our products increase or we suffer future product liability claims, we may be unable to maintain product liability insurance in the future at satisfactory rates or with adequate amounts of coverage. A product liability claim, any product recalls or other field actions or excessive warranty claims, whether arising from defects in design or manufacture or labeling, could negatively affect our sales or require a change in the design, manufacturing process or the indications for which our systems or software may be used, any of which could harm our reputation and business and result in a decline in revenue.

In addition, if a product we designed or manufactured is defective, whether because of design or manufacturing, supplied parts, or labeling defects, improper use of the product or other reasons, we may be required to notify regulatory authorities and/or to recall the product, possibly at our expense. We have voluntarily initiated recalls and other product corrections in the past. For example, in fiscal year 2024, we voluntarily initiated one recall related to the Radixact platform, which was reported to the FDA and is pending closure review. We are committed to the safety and precision of our products and while no serious adverse health consequences have been reported in connection with these recalls and the costs associated with each such recall were not material, we cannot ensure that the FDA will not require that we take additional actions to address problems that resulted in previous recalls or that similar or more significant product recalls will not occur in the future. A required notification of a correction or removal to a regulatory authority or recall could result in an investigation by regulatory authorities of our products, which could in turn result in required recalls, restrictions on the sale of the products or other civil or criminal penalties. The adverse publicity resulting from any of these actions could cause customers to review and potentially terminate their relationships with us. These investigations, corrections or recalls, especially if accompanied by unfavorable publicity, patient injury or termination of customer contracts, could result in incurring substantial costs, losing revenues and damaging our reputation, each of which would harm our business.

Our reliance on single‑source suppliers for critical components of the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms could harm our ability to meet demand for our products in a timely and cost effective manner.

We currently depend on single source suppliers for some of the critical components necessary to assemble the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms, including, with respect to the CyberKnife platform, the robot, couch and magnetron and, with respect to the TomoTherapy platforms, the couch, solid state modulator and magnetron. Global supply chain disruptions in parts of our supply chain,

have occurred and could occur again in the future, causing delays in the receipt of certain component parts for our products and increased pricing pressure for such parts, including with respect to parts purchased from our single-source suppliers, adversely affecting our gross margins and increasing the risk that these supply chain disruptions could materially affect our ability to meet customer demand. Furthermore, as a result of the effects of the macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, and supply chain challenges, some of our suppliers have limited or reduced the sale of such components to us or increased the cost of such components to us. If these conditions worsen, or if these suppliers were to experience financial difficulties, additional supply chain or other problems that prevents them from supplying us with the necessary components, we could fail to meet product demand, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. These sole source and other suppliers could also be subject to quality and performance issues, materials shortages, excess demand, reduction in capacity and other factors that may disrupt the flow of goods to us; thereby adversely affecting our business and customer relationships. If any single‑source supplier was to cease delivering components to us or fail to provide the components to our specifications and on a timely basis, we might be required to find alternative sources for these components. The disruption or termination of the supply of components, including as a result of global shortages in important components, have resulted in, and will continue to cause, inflationary pressure on our supply chain and a significant increase in the costs of these components, which have materially affected and could continue to adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, we expect inflation and the ongoing supply chain challenges and logistics costs to impact our cash from operations through fiscal year 2025. In some cases, alternative suppliers may be located in the same geographic area as existing suppliers, and are thus subject to the same economic, political and geographic factors that may affect existing suppliers to meet our demand. We may have difficulty or be unable to find alternative sources for these components. Difficulties in obtaining a sufficient supply of component materials could increase as well as the costs associated with such components, and we expect such difficulties to persist through fiscal year 2025. As a result, we may be unable to meet the demand for the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms, which could harm our ability to generate revenue and damage our reputation. Even if we do find alternate suppliers, we will be required to qualify any such alternate suppliers and we would likely experience a lengthy delay in our manufacturing processes or a cessation in production, which would result in delays of shipment to end users. We cannot assure you that our single‑source suppliers will be able or willing to meet our future demands.

We generally do not maintain large volumes of inventory, which makes us even more susceptible to harm if a single source supplier fails to deliver components on a timely basis or we experience quality issues with the components we do have in inventory, and maintaining our historical levels of inventory has been adversely impacted by the macroeconomic environment. For example, a supplier quality issue resulted in higher than anticipated failure rates for a component in our platforms, which resulted in higher parts consumption costs that adversely affected our financial results in fiscal year 2024. Furthermore, if we are required to change the manufacturer of a critical component of the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms, we will be required to verify that the new manufacturer maintains facilities, procedures and operations that comply with our quality and applicable regulatory requirements and guidelines, which could further impede our ability to manufacture our products in a timely manner. If the change in manufacturer results in a significant change to the product, a new 510(k) clearance would be necessary, which would likely cause substantial delays. The disruption or termination of the supply of key components for the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms could harm our ability to manufacture our products in a timely manner or within budget, harm our ability to generate revenue, lead to customer dissatisfaction and adversely affect our reputation and results of operations.

Failures of components also affect the reliability and performance of our products, can reduce customer confidence in our products, increase service parts consumption, and may adversely affect our financial performance. From time to time, we may receive components that do not perform according to their specifications, which could result in the inability of such customer utilize our systems in their practices until such components are replaced. Any future difficulty in obtaining reliable component parts could result in increased customer dissatisfaction and adversely affect our reputation, our ability to protect and retain our installed base of customers and results of operations.

We depend on key employees, the loss of whom would adversely affect our business. If we fail to attract and retain employees with the expertise required for our business, we may be unable to continue to grow our business.

We are highly dependent on the members of our senior management, sales, marketing, operations and research and development staff. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to retain our key employees and to identify, hire and retain additional personnel. Competition for qualified personnel in the medical device industry is intense and finding and retaining qualified personnel with experience in our industry is very difficult. We believe there are only a limited number of individuals with the requisite skills to serve in many of our key positions and we face significant competition for key personnel and other employees, from other medical equipment and software manufacturers, technology companies, universities and research institutions. Fluctuations in labor availability globally, including labor shortages and staff burnout and attrition, may also impact our ability to hire and retain personnel critical to our manufacturing, logistics, and commercial operations. As a result, we may not be able to retain our existing employees or hire new employees quickly enough to meet our needs. Moreover, we have from time to time conducted reductions in force in order to optimize our organizational structure and reduce costs, some of which were substantial, and certain senior personnel have also departed for various reasons. For example, in October 2023, we informed affected employees of a cost savings initiative to reduce operating

expenses resulting in the elimination of approximately 5.9 percent of our global workforce. At the same time, we may face high turnover among employees that are critical to our ongoing operations, requiring us to expend time and resources, including financial resources, to source, train and integrate new employees. The challenging markets in which we compete for talent may also require us to invest significant amounts of cash and equity to attract and retain employees. In addition, a significant portion of our compensation to our key employees is in the form of stock related grants. A prolonged depression in our stock price could make it difficult for us to retain our key and other employees and recruit additional qualified personnel and we may have to pay additional compensation to employees to incentivize them to join or stay with us. We do not maintain, and do not currently intend to obtain, key employee life insurance on any of our personnel. If we fail to hire and retain key personnel and other employees, we may be unable to continue to grow our business successfully.

Disruption of critical information technology systems, infrastructure and data or cyberattacks or other security breaches or incidents could harm our business and financial condition.

Information technology helps us operate more efficiently, interface with customers, maintain financial accuracy and efficiency and accurately produce our financial statements. If we do not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build, sustain and secure the proper technology infrastructure, we could be subject to transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, the loss of customers, business disruptions or the loss, unavailability of or damage to data and intellectual property through a cyberattack (including ransomware and other attacks) or other security breach or incident. While management is committed to identifying and improving data security risks through oversight of data security by our Chief Information Security Officer and implementation of various technical safeguards, procedural requirements and policies, regardless of the resources we allocate and the effectiveness with which we manage them, we face a risk of cyberattacks and other security breaches and incidents. Any cyberattacks or other security breaches or incidents we suffer could expose us to a risk of lost, unavailable, or corrupted information, unauthorized disclosure or other processing of information, claims, litigation and possible liability to employees, customers and others, and investigations and proceedings by regulatory authorities. Artificial intelligence ("AI") technologies may be used for certain cyberattacks or to increase the frequency or intensity of certain cyberattacks, which may increase our risks presented by cyberattack activity. Additionally, cyberattack activity may be heightened in connection with geopolitical events such as the Russia-Ukraine and the Middle East conflicts. In addition to potential exposure to cyberattacks, security incidents, or other actions that may compromise the security of or interfere with the function of our products, defects or vulnerabilities in the software or systems of our third-party vendors may expose failures in our internal controls and risk management processes, which may adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows and may also harm our reputation, brand, and customer relationships.

If our data management systems or those of our third-party providers do not effectively collect, store, process and report relevant data for the operation of our business, whether due to equipment malfunction or constraints, software deficiencies, computer viruses, security breaches or incidents, cyberattacks, catastrophic events or human error, our ability to effectively plan, forecast and execute our business plan and comply with applicable laws and regulations will be impaired, perhaps materially. Any such impairment could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the timeliness with which we internally and externally report our operating results. As a result, our information systems require an ongoing commitment of significant resources to maintain, protect, and enhance existing systems and develop new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology, evolving legal and regulatory standards, the increasing need to protect patient and customer information, and the information technology needs associated with our changing products and services. There can be no assurance that our process of consolidating the number of systems we operate, upgrading and expanding our information systems capabilities, continuing our efforts to build security into the design of our products, protecting and enhancing our systems and developing new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology will be successful or that additional systems issues will not arise in the future, or that we will not suffer from disruptions or other systems issues even if we devote substantial resources and personnel to these efforts.

In addition, privacy and security breaches and incidents arising from errors, malfeasance or misconduct by employees, contractors or others with permitted access to our systems may pose a risk that sensitive data, including individually identifiable data, may be exposed to unauthorized persons or to the public and may compromise our security systems. There can be no assurance that any efforts we make to prevent against such privacy or security breaches or incidents have been or will be able to prevent breakdowns or breaches or incidents in our systems or those of our third-party service providers that could adversely affect our business. Third parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing usernames, passwords or other sensitive information, which may in turn be used to access our information technology systems. For example, our employees have received in the past and likely will continue to receive “phishing” e-mails attempting to induce them to divulge sensitive information. We may also face increased cybersecurity risks due to our reliance on internet technology and many of our employees working remotely at least part of the time, which may create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities. In addition, adversaries might attempt to gain unauthorized access to our products or systems to obtain personal data relating to patients or employees, our confidential or proprietary information or confidential information we hold on behalf of third parties, which, if successful, could pose a risk of loss, unavailability, or corruption of, or unauthorized access to or acquisition of, data, risk to patient safety and risk of product recall. The

techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to our systems change frequently and may be difficult to detect, and we may not be able to anticipate and prevent these intrusions or mitigate them when they occur. Third-party service providers store and otherwise process certain personal data and other confidential or proprietary information of ourselves and third parties on our behalf, and these service providers face similar risks. In addition, our employees, third-party service providers, strategic partners, or other contractors or consultants may input personal or confidential information, or other business data of ours, into an artificial intelligence system (in particular, a system that is managed, owned, or controlled by a third party), which may disrupt and otherwise compromise our business operations, divert the attention of management and key information technology resources, potentially lead to security breaches or incidents or other unauthorized access to, or other use or processing of, personal information, our confidential information or other business data. Moreover, we manufacture and sell hardware and software products that allow our customers to store confidential information about their patients. Both types of products are often connected to and reside within our customers’ information technology infrastructures. We do not have measures to configure or secure our customers’ equipment or any information stored in our customers’ systems or at their locations, which is the responsibility of our customers. Our customers are also continually updating their cybersecurity standards for the products that they purchase. While we have implemented security measures designed to protect our hardware and software products from unauthorized access and cyberattacks, these measures may not meet the standards set by our customers or be effective in securing these products, particularly since techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, or to sabotage systems, change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target. A network security or systems security breach of incident suffered by ourselves or our third-party service providers or other events that cause the loss or unauthorized use or disclosure of, or access by third parties to, sensitive information stored by us or our customers could result in loss, unavailability, or unauthorized acquisition, modification, or other processing of data, and any such events, or the perception that these events have occurred or that our security measures for our products are lacking, could have serious negative consequences for our business, including indemnity obligations, possible fines, penalties and damages, reduced demand for our products and services, an unwillingness of our customers to use our products or services, harm to our reputation and brand, and time consuming and expensive litigation, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Due to frequently changing attack techniques, along with the increased volume and sophistication of the attacks, including the increasing use of tools and techniques that are designed to circumvent controls, avoid detection, and remove or obfuscate forensic evidence, all of which hinders our ability to identify, investigate, and recover from incidents, we could be adversely impacted by cybersecurity attacks or other security breaches. This impact could result in reputational, competitive, operational, or other business harm as well as financial costs and claims, demands, litigation and regulatory action.

While we do maintain insurance coverage that is intended to address certain aspects of data security risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses or all types of claims that may arise.

Any actual or perceived failure by us to comply with legal or regulatory requirements related to privacy, cybersecurity and data protection in one or multiple jurisdictions could result in proceedings, actions or penalties against us.

There are numerous state, federal and foreign laws, regulations, decisions and directives regarding privacy and the collection, storage, transmission, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal information and other data, the scope of which is continually evolving and subject to differing interpretations. Our worldwide operations mean that we are subject to privacy, cybersecurity and data protection laws and regulations in many jurisdictions to varying degrees, and that some of the data we process, store and transmit may be transmitted across countries. For example, in the U.S., privacy and security rules implementing the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”) require us as a business associate, in certain instances, to protect the confidentiality of patient health information, and the Federal Trade Commission has consumer protection authority, including with regard to privacy and cybersecurity. In Europe, the GDPR imposes several stringent requirements for controllers and processors of personal data that impose substantial obligations and, in the event of violations, may impose significant fines of up to the greater of 4% of worldwide annual revenue or €20 million. In the UK, the Data Protection Act of 2018 and the UK GDPR collectively implement material provisions of the GDPR and provide for penalties for noncompliance of up to the greater of £17.5 million or four percent of worldwide revenues.

Data transfer and localization requirements also appear to be increasing and becoming more complex. With regard to transfers to the U.S. of personal data from our employees and European customers and users, both the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield and standard contractual clauses issued by the European Commission (the “EU SCCs”) have been subject to legal challenge. In July 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) released a decision in the Schrems II case (Data Protection Commissioner v. Facebook Ireland, Schrems) (the “CJEU Decision”), declaring the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield invalid and imposing additional obligations in connection with the use of the EU SCCs, another mechanism for cross-border personal data transfers from the European Economic Area (“EEA”). Although the EU SCCs remain a valid means to transfer personal data from the EEA, the CJEU imposed additional obligations in connection with their use and, on June 4, 2021, the European Commission issued revised EU SCCs that address certain concerns of the CJEU. The United Kingdom also has issued new standard contractual clauses (the “UK SCCs”) that became effective March 21, 2022, and which are required to be implemented. In March 2022, the EU and U.S. reached an agreement in principle on a

new EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (“DPF”). In October 2022, the U.S. issued an executive order in furtherance of the DPF, on which basis the European Commission adopted an adequacy decision with respect to the DPF in July 2023, allowing its implementation and availability for companies to use to legitimize transfers of personal data from the E.U. to the U.S. It remains unclear, however, whether this new framework will be appropriate for us to rely upon. The DPF has already faced a legal challenge and it may be subject to additional challenges. Additionally, the European Commission’s adequacy decision regarding the DPF provides that the DPF will be subject to future reviews and may be subject to suspension, amendment, repeal, or limitations to its scope by the European Commission. The CJEU Decision, the revised EU SCCs and UK SCCs, regulatory guidance and opinions, and other developments relating to cross-border data transfer may require us to implement additional contractual and technical safeguards for any personal data transferred out of the EEA, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, which may increase compliance costs, lead to increased regulatory scrutiny or liability, may require additional contractual negotiations, and may adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results.

Other jurisdictions have adopted laws and regulations addressing privacy, data protection, data security, or other aspects of data processing, such as data localization. For example, the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) and Russia have passed laws that require individually identifiable data on their citizens to be maintained on local servers and that may restrict transfer or processing of that data if certain data quantity thresholds are triggered. Additionally, the Personal Information Protection Law (“PIPL”) of the PRC went into effect on November 1, 2021. The PIPL shares similarities with the GDPR, including extraterritorial application, data minimization, data localization, and purpose limitation requirements, and obligations to provide certain notices and rights to citizens of the PRC. The PIPL allows for fines of up to 50 million Renminbi or 5% of a covered company’s revenue in the prior year. We may be required to modify our policies, procedures, and data processing measures in order to address requirements under these or other privacy, data protection, or cybersecurity regimes, and may face claims, litigation, investigations, or other proceedings regarding them and may incur related liabilities, expenses, costs, and operational losses.

Further, the current U.S. administration is engaged in a comprehensive evaluation of national security concerns and other risks relating to the transfer of personally identifiable information from the United States to China, and on June 9, 2021, U.S. President Biden signed an executive order instituting a framework for determining national security risks of transactions that involve applications connected to governments or militaries of certain foreign adversaries or that collect sensitive personal data from U.S. consumers. In 2019, an executive order citing national security risks in the telecommunications sector served to block U.S. companies from buying Chinese-made Huawei and ZTE products. If our operations, including those involving the processing of U.S.-collected data such as medical imagery, through the JV in China, come to be perceived as a U.S. national security risk, those operations may become subject to executive orders, sanctions, or other measures. Any ban or other restriction on our transfer of data to the JV in China may increase costs as we seek operational and data processing alternatives.

New and proposed privacy, cybersecurity, and data protection laws are also providing new rights to individuals and increasing the penalties associated with non-compliance. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”), which became effective on January 1, 2020, imposes stringent data privacy and data protection requirements regarding the personal information of California residents, and provides for penalties for noncompliance of up to $7,500 per violation, as well as a private right of action from individuals in relation to certain security breaches.

The California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), approved by California voters in November 2020, became effective on January 1, 2023. The CPRA, significantly modified the CCPA, has resulted in further uncertainty and may require us to incur additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply. We will continue to monitor developments related to the CPRA and anticipate additional costs and expenses associated with CPRA compliance. The enactment of the CCPA, as modified by the CPRA, is prompting a wave of similar legislative developments in other states in the U.S., which could potentially create a patchwork of overlapping but different state laws. For example, Virginia, Colorado, Utah, and Connecticut all have enacted state laws that became effective in 2023; Texas, Montana, Oregon, and Florida have adopted laws that have become effective in 2024, Delaware, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey and Tennessee have adopted laws that will become effective in 2025; and Indiana Kentucky, and Rhode Island have adopted laws that will become effective in 2026. These new state laws share similarities with the CCPA, CPRA, and legislation proposed in other states. Other states have enacted other types of privacy legislation, such as Washington’s My Health, My Data Act, which includes a private right of action. Additionally, the U.S. federal government is contemplating privacy legislation. We cannot fully predict the impact of the CCPA, CPRA, or other new or proposed legislation on our business or operations, but the restrictions imposed by these laws and regulations may require us to modify our data handling practices and impose additional costs and burdens, including risks of regulatory fines, litigation and associated reputational harm. In addition, U.S. and international laws that have been applied to protect consumer privacy (including laws regarding unfair and deceptive practices in the U.S. and GDPR in the EU) may be subject to evolving interpretations or applications in light of privacy developments. As a result, we may be subject to significant consequences, including penalties and fines, for any failure to comply with such laws, regulations and directives.

Privacy, cybersecurity and data protection legislation around the world is comprehensive and complex and there has been a trend towards more stringent enforcement of requirements regarding protection and confidentiality of personal data. The restrictions imposed by such laws and regulations may limit the use and adoption of our products and services, reduce overall demand for our products and services, require us to modify our data handling practices and impose additional costs and burdens. With increasing enforcement of privacy, cybersecurity and data protection laws and regulations, there is no guarantee that we will not be subject to investigation, enforcement actions or other proceedings by governmental bodies or that our costs relating to privacy, data protection or cybersecurity laws and regulations will not increase significantly. Enforcement actions, investigations and other proceedings can be costly, require significant time and attention of management and other personnel and interrupt regular operations of our business. In addition, there has been a developing trend of civil lawsuits and class actions relating to breaches of consumer data held by large companies. While we have not been named in any such suits, we may be in the future, including if we were to suffer a security breach or incident. Any inability to adequately address concerns relating to privacy, data protection or cybersecurity, even if unfounded, or to comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies, industry standards, contractual obligations or other legal obligations could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales and adversely affect our business. Our actual or alleged failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in investigation, enforcement actions or other proceedings against us, including fines and public censure, claims for damages by customers and other affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill (both in relation to existing customers and prospective customers), any of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have incorporated and continue to work to further incorporate artificial intelligence into our products, services, and internal operations. Implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies may result in legal and regulatory risks, reputational harm, or other adverse consequences to our business.

We have integrated AI, including machine learning, in certain of our products, services and internal operations. Further, certain of our third-party vendors utilize AI and machine learning technologies in furnishing services to us. As with many technological innovations, AI presents risks and challenges that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. Our products utilize, and we plan to further examine, develop and introduce, machine learning algorithms, predictive analytics, and other AI technologies to offer new or upgraded solutions and enhance our capabilities. If these AI or machine learning models are incorrectly designed, the performance of our products, services, and business, as well as our reputation, could suffer or we could incur liability through the violation of laws or contracts to which we are a party. Additionally, many countries and regions, including the United States, have proposed new and evolving regulations related to the use of AI and machine learning technologies, and the EU has adopted an AI Act that adopts an overall regulatory framework for AI. The regulations may impose onerous obligations and may require us to unexpectedly rework or reevaluate improvements to be compliant. Use of AI technologies may expose us to an increased risk of regulatory enforcement and litigation. Moreover, some of the AI features involve the processing of personal data and may be subject to laws, policies, legal obligations, and codes of conduct related to privacy and data protection.

Though we have taken steps to be thoughtful in our development, training, and implementation of AI, it could pose certain risks to our customers, including patients, clinicians, and healthcare institutions, and it is not guaranteed that regulators will agree with our approach to limiting these risks or to our compliance more generally. Risks can include, but are not limited to, the potential for errors or inaccuracies in the algorithms or models used by AI, the potential for bias or inaccuracies in the data used to train the AI, the potential for improper processing of personal information, and the potential for cybersecurity breaches that could compromise patient data or product functionality. Such risks could negatively affect the performance of our products, services, and business, as well as our reputation and the reputations of our customers, and we could incur liability through the violation of laws or contracts to which we are a party or civil claims.

Continued consolidation in the healthcare industry could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

The healthcare industry has been consolidating, and organizations continue to consolidate purchasing decisions for many of our customers, particularly in the United States. Numerous initiatives and reforms by legislators, regulators, and third-party payors to curb the rising cost of healthcare have catalyzed a consolidation of aggregate purchasing power within the markets in which we sell our products. As the healthcare industry consolidates, competition to provide products and services is expected to continue to intensify, resulting in pricing pressures and decreased average selling prices. In addition, for smaller hospitals or groups that do not consolidate with larger networks, these entities may face increasing cost and/or competitive pressures, which could impact their ability to purchase additional products and services from us or make contractual payments over time. We expect that market demand, government regulation, third-party payor coverage and reimbursement policies, government contracting requirements, new entrants, technology, and societal pressures will continue to change the worldwide healthcare industry, resulting in further consolidation, which may exert further downward pressure on prices of our products and services and may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

If third‑party payors do not provide sufficient coverage and reimbursement to healthcare providers for use of the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms or if the number of patients covered by health insurance reduces, demand for our products and our revenue could be adversely affected.

Our customers rely significantly on reimbursement from public and private third-party payors for CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platform procedures. Our ability to commercialize our products successfully and increase market acceptance of our products will depend in significant part on the extent to which public and private third-party payors provide adequate coverage and reimbursement for procedures that are performed with our products and the extent to which patients that are treated by our products continue to be covered by health insurance. Third-party payors may establish or change the reimbursement for medical products and services that could significantly influence the purchase of medical products and services. If reimbursement policies or other cost containment measures are instituted in a manner that significantly reduces the coverage or payment for the procedures that are performed with our products or if there is a prolonged reduction in the number of patients eligible to be treated by our products that are covered by health insurance, our revenue may decline, our existing customers may not continue using our products or may decrease their use of our products, and we may have difficulty obtaining new customers. Such actions would likely have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

In addition, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) reviews reimbursement rates annually and may implement significant changes in future years, which could discourage existing and potential customers from purchasing or using our products. Further, outside of the U.S., reimbursement practices vary significantly by country. Market acceptance of our products may depend on the availability and level of coverage and reimbursement in any country within a particular time.

The safety and efficacy of our products for certain uses is not yet supported by long‑term clinical data, and our products may therefore prove to be less safe and effective than initially thought.

Although we believe that the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms have advantages over competing products and technologies, we do not have sufficient clinical data demonstrating these advantages for all tumor indications. In addition, we have only limited five‑year patient survival rate data, which is a common long‑term measure of clinical effectiveness in cancer treatment. We also have limited clinical data directly comparing the effectiveness of the CyberKnife platform to other competing platforms. Future patient studies or clinical experience may indicate that treatment with the CyberKnife platform does not improve patient survival or outcomes relative to other platforms.

Likewise, because the TomoTherapy platform has only been on the market since 2003, we have limited complication or patient survival rate data with respect to treatment using the systems for all clinical indications. If future patient studies or clinical experience do not support our beliefs that the TomoTherapy platform offer a more advantageous treatment for a wide variety of cancer types, use of the systems could fail to increase or could decrease, and our business would therefore be adversely affected.

Such results could reduce the rate of reimbursement by both public and private third‑party payors for procedures that are performed with our products, slow the adoption of our products by physicians, significantly reduce our ability to achieve expected revenues and could prevent us from being profitable. In addition, if future results and experience indicate that our products cause unexpected or serious complications or other unforeseen negative effects, the FDA could rescind our clearances, our reputation with physicians, patients and others may suffer and we could be subject to significant legal liability.

We rely on third parties to perform shipping and logistics functions on our behalf. Failures or disruptions at our logistics providers have occurred and could occur in the future, which could adversely impact our business.

Customer service is a critical element of our sales strategy. Third party logistics providers store most of our spare parts inventory in depots around the world and perform a significant portion of our spare parts logistics and shipping activities. Our logistics providers may terminate their relationship with us, suffer an interruption in their business, including as a result of macroeconomic factors, significantly increase fees for services or experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in their operations, or we may have to change and qualify alternative logistics providers for our spare parts. For example, in recent years, we have experienced delays in shipment of parts to customers as well as increased freight and logistics expenses due to macroeconomic factors and these impacts could intensify. These delays and increased costs have adversely affected our gross margins and net income (loss) and we currently expect such delays and increased costs to continue through fiscal year 2025. If this continues for longer than we expect or if any of the above occurs our customers may experience further delays and higher costs and our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations, including our ability to recognize revenue, may be adversely affected.

Third parties may claim we are infringing their intellectual property or that we are operating outside the scope of or violating a license or other agreement relating to their intellectual property, and we could suffer significant audit, litigation or licensing expenses, incur liabilities associated with indemnification obligations to customers, experience disruptions in the supply of components of our products or related services, or be prevented from selling our product or components of our product.

The medical device industry is characterized by a substantial amount of litigation over patent and other intellectual property rights. In particular, the field of radiation treatment of cancer is well established and crowded with the intellectual property of competitors and others. We also expect that other participants will enter the field. A number of companies in our market, as well as universities and research institutions, have issued patents and have filed patent applications that relate to the use of radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery to treat cancerous and benign tumors.

Determining whether a product infringes a patent involves complex legal and factual issues, and the outcome of patent litigation actions is often uncertain. We have not conducted an extensive search of patents issued to third parties, and no assurance can be given that third‑party patents containing claims covering our products, parts of our products, technology or methods do not exist, have not been filed, or could not be filed or issued. Because of the number of patents issued and patent applications filed in our technical areas or fields, our competitors or other third parties may assert that our products and the methods we employ in the use of our products are covered by U.S. or foreign patents held by them.

In addition, because patent applications can take many years to issue and because publication schedules for pending applications vary by jurisdiction, there may be applications now pending of which we are unaware, and which may result in issued patents that our current or future products infringe. Also, because the claims of published patent applications can change between publication and patent grant, there may be published patent applications that may ultimately issue with claims that we infringe. There could also be existing patents that one or more of our products or parts may infringe and of which we are unaware. As the number of competitors in the market for less invasive cancer treatment alternatives grows, and as the number of patents issued in this area grows, the possibility of patent infringement claims against us increases. Regardless of the merit of infringement claims, they can be time‑consuming and result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise funds, if necessary, to continue our operations.

Also, because we purchase major components and software for each of our products from third party suppliers and manufacturers, we face the additional risk that infringement claims may be brought against us based on patents and other intellectual property rights that are embodied or contained in, or practiced by, those components (including software components) that we obtain from third parties, and any such claims against us, such as by our direct and indirect suppliers, may additionally allege that we are operating outside the scope of or violating a license or other agreement relating to their intellectual property. These third party suppliers or manufacturers may terminate their licenses with us for a variety of reasons, including actual or perceived failures or breaches of contractual commitments, or they may choose not to renew their licenses with us. The loss of, or inability to obtain, certain third-party licenses or other rights, including the right to resell, or to obtain such licenses or rights on favorable terms, or the need to engage in litigation regarding these matters, could affect the operability or performance of our products until equivalent technology can be identified, licensed or developed, if at all, and integrated into our products, and it may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In the event that we become subject to a patent infringement or other intellectual property lawsuit and if the relevant patents or other intellectual property were upheld as valid and enforceable and we were found to infringe or violate the terms of a license or other agreement to which we are a party, we could be subject to third-party audit, experience disruptions in the supply of third-party components or related services, or be prevented from selling our products (or components of our products) unless we obtain a license or are able to redesign the product to avoid infringement. Required licenses may not be made available to us on acceptable terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain a license or successfully redesign our system, we might be prevented from selling such system. If there is an allegation or determination that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of a competitor or other person, we may be required to pay damages, pay ongoing royalties or otherwise settle such matter upon terms that are unfavorable to us. In these circumstances, we may be unable to sell our products at competitive prices or at all, and our business and operating results could be harmed.

We may be subject to claims that our employees have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their former employers.

As is common in the medical device industry, we employ individuals who were previously employed at other medical equipment or biotechnology companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. We may be subject to claims that we or those employees have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers.

Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against claims of this nature, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.

It is difficult and costly to protect our intellectual property and our proprietary technologies and we may not be able to ensure their protection.

Our success depends significantly on our ability to obtain, maintain and protect our proprietary rights to the technologies used in our products. Patents and other proprietary rights provide uncertain protections, and we may be unable to protect our intellectual property. For example, we may be unsuccessful in defending our patents and other proprietary rights against third‑party challenges. As key patents expire, our ability to prevent competitors from copying our technology may be limited. In addition, patent reform legislation or precedent could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents.

In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, copyright and trademark laws, nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions and technical security measures to protect our intellectual property rights. These measures may not be adequate to safeguard the technology underlying our products, including in case of a security breach involving our intellectual property. If these measures do not protect our rights adequately, third parties could use our technology, and our ability to compete in the market would be reduced. Although we have attempted to obtain patent coverage for our technology where available and appropriate, there are aspects of the technology for which patent coverage was never sought or never received. There also may be countries in which we sell or intend to sell the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms but have no patents or pending patent applications. Our ability to prevent others from making or selling duplicate or similar technologies will be impaired in those countries in which we have no patent protection. Although we have several issued patents in the U.S. and in foreign countries protecting aspects of the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms, our pending U.S. and foreign patent applications may not issue, may issue only with limited coverage or may issue and be subsequently successfully challenged by others and held invalid or unenforceable. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against certain third parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, patents may provide limited or no benefit. Patent protection must ultimately be sought on a country-by-country basis, which is an expensive and time consuming process with uncertain outcomes. Accordingly, we may choose not to seek patent protection in certain countries, and we will not have the benefit of patent protection in such countries.

Similarly, our issued patents and those of our licensors may not provide us with any competitive advantages. Competitors may be able to design around our patents or develop products which provide outcomes comparable or superior to ours. Our patents may be held invalid or unenforceable as a result of legal challenges by third parties, and others may challenge the inventorship or ownership of our patents and pending patent applications. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries, such as China where the JV operates, may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States and, even if they do, uneven enforcement and procedural barriers may exist in such countries. In the event a competitor or other third party infringes upon our patent or other intellectual property rights or otherwise misappropriates such rights, enforcing those rights may be difficult and time consuming. Even if successful, litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend our patents against challenge could be expensive and time consuming and could divert our management’s attention from our core business. Damage awards resulting from successful litigation in foreign jurisdictions may not be in amounts commensurate with damage awards in the U.S. We may not have sufficient resources to enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend our patents against a challenge. In addition, we may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially valuable. Litigation also puts our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing. Additionally, we may provoke third parties to assert claims against us.

We also license patent and other proprietary rights to aspects of our technology to third parties in fields where we currently do not operate as well as in fields where we currently do operate. Disputes with our licensees may arise regarding the scope and content of these licenses. Further, our ability to expand into additional fields with our technologies may be restricted by our existing licenses or licenses we may grant to third parties in the future.

Additionally, we have written agreements with collaborators regarding the ownership of intellectual property arising from our collaborations. These agreements generally provide that we must negotiate certain commercial rights with collaborators with respect to joint inventions or inventions made by our collaborators that arise from the results of the collaboration. In some instances, there may not be adequate written provisions to address clearly the resolution of intellectual property rights that may arise from a collaboration. If we cannot successfully negotiate sufficient ownership and commercial rights to the inventions that result from our use of a third-party collaborator’s materials where required, or if disputes otherwise arise with respect to the intellectual property developed with the use of a collaborator’s technology, we may be limited in our ability to utilize these intellectual property rights. In addition, we may face claims by third parties that our agreements with employees, contractors or consultants obligating them to assign

intellectual property to us are ineffective or in conflict with prior or competing contractual obligations of assignment, which could result in ownership disputes regarding intellectual property we have developed or will develop and interfere with our ability to capture the commercial value of such intellectual property. Litigation may be necessary to resolve an ownership dispute, and if we are not successful, we may be precluded from using certain intellectual property or may lose our exclusive rights in that intellectual property. Either outcome could harm our business.

The policies and procedures we have in place to protect our trade secrets may not be effective in preventing misappropriation of our trade secrets by others. In addition, confidentiality agreements executed by our employees, consultants and advisors may not be enforceable or may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets or other proprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure. Litigating a trade secret claim is expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the United States are sometimes less willing to protect trade secrets. Moreover, our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge methods and know‑how. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, we may be unable to prevent competitors from using our own inventions and intellectual property to compete against us and our business may be harmed.

Unfavorable results of legal proceedings could materially and adversely affect our financial condition.

We are and may become a party to legal proceedings, claims, investigations, demands and other legal matters in the ordinary course of business or otherwise including intellectual property, product liability, employment, class action, whistleblower and other litigation claims, and governmental and other regulatory investigations and proceedings. These legal proceedings, claims and other legal matters, regardless of merit, may be costly, time‑consuming and require the attention of key management and other personnel. The outcomes of such matters are uncertain and difficult to predict. If any such matters are adjudicated against us, in whole or in part, we may be subject to substantial monetary damages, disgorgement of profits and injunctions that prevent us from operating our business, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition. We cannot guarantee that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover any damages awarded against us. Further, legal proceedings, and any adverse resolution thereof, can result in adverse publicity and damage to our reputation, which could adversely impact our business.

Because the majority of our product revenue is derived from sales of the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms, which have a long and variable sales and installation cycle, our revenues and cash flows may be volatile and difficult to predict.

Our primary products are the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms. We expect to generate substantially all of our revenue for the foreseeable future from sales of and service contracts for the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms. The CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms have lengthy sales and purchase order cycles because they are major capital equipment items and require the approval of senior management at purchasing institutions. In addition, sales to some of our customers are subject to competitive bidding or public tender processes. These approval and bidding processes can be lengthy. Selling our systems, from first contact with a potential customer to a complete order, generally spans six months to 30 months and involves personnel with multiple skills. The sales process in the U.S. typically begins with pre‑selling activity followed by sales presentations and other sales related activities. After the customer has expressed an intention to purchase a CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platform, we negotiate and enter into a definitive purchase contract with the customer. The negotiation of terms that are not standard for Accuray typically requires additional time and approvals. Typically, following the execution of the contract, the customer begins the building or renovation of a radiation‑shielded facility to house the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platform, which together with the subsequent installation of the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platform, can take up to 24 months to complete. In order to construct this facility, the customer must typically obtain radiation device installation permits, which are granted by state and local government bodies, each of which may have different criteria for permit issuance. If a permit was denied for installation at a specific hospital or treatment center, our CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platform could not be installed at that location. In addition, some of our customers are cancer centers or facilities that are new, and in these cases, it may be necessary for the entire facility to be completed before the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platform can be installed, which can result in additional construction and installation delays. Our sales and installations of CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms tend to be heaviest during the third month of each fiscal quarter.

Under our revenue recognition policy, we recognize revenue attributable to a CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platform and related upgrades when control of a platform or upgrade is transferred, which generally happens when a system or upgrade is shipped, while an element of installation is deferred until performed. Events beyond our control may delay shipment or installation and the satisfaction of contingencies required to receive cash inflows and recognition of revenue associated with shipment or installation. Such events may include a delay in the construction at the customer site or customer delay in obtaining receipt of regulatory approvals such as certificates of need. In addition, disruption in operations of certain customers caused by the COVID-19 pandemic or other macroeconomic factors have resulted in delays in construction, shipment or installation and some have failed to timely pay their obligations when due. For example, reduced budgets and lower capital deployment priority for radiotherapy equipment, along with longer customer installation timelines, in the United States have negatively impacted our net revenue since fiscal year 2024, and we expect this will continue to have an impact through fiscal year 2026. If the events which are beyond our control delay the customer

from obtaining funding or financing of the entire transaction, we may not be able to recognize revenue for the sale of the entire system because the collectability of contract consideration is not reasonably assured.

The long sales cycle, together with delays in the shipment of CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms or customer cancellations that could affect our ability to recognize revenue, could adversely affect our cash flows and revenue, which would harm our results of operations and may result in significant fluctuations in our reporting of quarterly revenues. Our historical experience indicates that some of our customers will cancel or renegotiate contracts as economic conditions change or when product offerings change during the long sales cycle. We anticipate a portion of our open contracts may never result in revenue recognition primarily due to the long sales cycle and factors outside of our control including changes in customers' needs or financial condition, changes in government or health insurance reimbursement policies or changes to regulatory requirements. As a result of these fluctuations, it is likely that in some future quarters, our operating results will fall below the expectations of securities analysts or investors. If that happens, the market price of our stock would likely decrease. These fluctuations also mean that you will not be able to rely upon our operating results in any particular period as an indication of future performance.

We depend on third‑party distributors to market and distribute our products in international markets. If our distributors fail to successfully market and distribute our products, our business will be materially harmed.

We have strategic relationships with a number of key distributors for sales and service of our products in certain foreign countries, including the JV in China and other third-party distributors in other regions. We cannot control the efforts and resources our third party distributors will devote to marketing the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms. Our distributors may not be able to successfully market and sell the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms, may not devote sufficient time and resources to support the marketing and selling efforts and may not market the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platform at prices that will permit the product to develop, achieve or sustain market acceptance. In some jurisdictions, we rely on our distributors to manage the regulatory process and oversee their activities such that they are in compliance with all laws that govern their activities, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), and we are dependent on their ability to do so effectively. If a distributor is terminated by us or goes out of business, it may take us a period of time to locate an alternative distributor, to seek appropriate regulatory approvals and to train its personnel to market the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms, and our ability to sell and service the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms in the region formerly serviced by such terminated distributor could be materially and adversely affected. Any of our distributors could become insolvent or otherwise become unable to pay amounts owed to us when due. If any of these distributor relationships end and are not replaced, our revenues from product sales or the ability to service our products in the territories serviced by these distributors could be adversely affected. Any of these factors could materially and adversely affect our revenue from international markets, increase our costs in those markets or damage our reputation. If we are unable to attract additional international distributors, our international revenue may not grow. If our distributors experience difficulties, do not comply with regulatory or legal requirements that results in fines or penalties, do not actively market the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms or do not otherwise perform under our distribution agreements, our potential for revenue from international markets may be dramatically reduced, and our business could be harmed.

The high unit price of the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms, as well as other factors, may contribute to substantial fluctuations in our operating results, which could adversely affect our stock price.

Because of the high unit price of the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms and the relatively small number of units shipped each quarter, each shipment of a CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platform can represent a significant percentage of our revenue for a particular quarter. Therefore, if we do not ship a CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platform when anticipated, we will not be able to recognize the associated revenue and our operating results will vary significantly from our expectations. This is of particular concern when the economic environment is volatile, such as the current economic environment. For example, during periods of severe economic volatility, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, we have had customers cancel or postpone orders for our CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms and delaying any required build‑outs. These fluctuations and other potential fluctuations mean that you should not rely upon our operating results in any particular period as an indication of future performance.

As a strategy to assist our sales efforts, we may offer extended payment terms, which may potentially result in higher days sales outstanding, reduced cash flows in a particular period and greater payment defaults.

We offer longer or extended payment terms for qualified customers in some circumstances. As of September 30, 2024, customer contracts with extended payment terms of more than one year amounted to approximately 4% of our total accounts receivable balance. While we qualify customers to whom we offer longer or extended payment terms, their financial positions may change adversely over the longer time period given for payment. This may result in an increase in payment defaults, which would negatively affect our revenue. In addition, any increase in days sales outstanding could also negatively affect our cash flow.

We have entered into certain relationships with collaborators, partnerships, strategic alliances, joint venture partners and other third parties, which are outside of our full control and may harm our existing business if we fail to realize the expected benefits of such relationships.

We are a part of certain collaborations, partnerships, strategic alliances, joint ventures and other third-party relationships and depend in part on them to grow our business and market share. Reliance on these third parties subjects us to a number of risks, including that:

As a result of these and other factors, we may not realize the expected benefits of any collaboration, partnership, strategic alliance or joint venture or such benefits may not be realized at expected levels or within the expected time period.

We may attempt to acquire new businesses, products or technologies, including forming joint ventures, and if we are unable to successfully complete these acquisitions or to integrate acquired businesses, products, technologies or employees, we may fail to realize expected benefits or harm our existing business.

Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to expand our product offerings and grow our business in response to changing technologies, customer demands and competitive pressures. In some circumstances, we may determine to do so through the acquisition of complementary businesses, products or technologies rather than through internal development. The identification of suitable acquisition candidates can be difficult, time consuming, and costly, and we may not be able to successfully complete identified acquisitions. Other companies may compete with us for these strategic opportunities. In addition, even if we successfully complete an acquisition, we may not be able to successfully integrate newly acquired organizations, products or technologies into our operations or timely and effectively commence operations because the process of integration could be expensive, time consuming and may strain our resources. Furthermore, the products and technologies that we acquire may not be successful or may require

significantly greater resources and investments than we originally anticipated. Implementing or acquiring new lines of business or offering new products and services within existing lines of business can affect the sales and profitability of existing lines of business or products and services, including as a result of sales channel conflicts. With respect to any acquisition, we may be unable to retain employees of acquired companies, or retain the acquired company’s customers, suppliers, distributors or other partners who are our competitors or who have close relationships with our competitors. Future acquisitions could also result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, or expenses or other charges, any of which could harm our business and affect our financial results or cause a reduction in the price of our common stock. Further, acquisition targets may also operate in foreign jurisdictions with laws and regulations with which we have limited familiarity, which could adversely impact our ability to comply with such laws and regulations and may lead to increased litigation risk. Such laws may also offer us inadequate or less intellectual property protection relative to U.S. laws, which may impact our ability, as well as the ability of the acquisition target to safeguard our respective intellectual property from infringement and misappropriation. As a result of these and other factors, we may not realize the expected benefits of any acquisition or such benefits may not be realized at expected levels or within the expected time period. The failure to successfully consummate such strategic transactions and effectively integrate and execute following such consummation may have an adverse impact on our growth, profitability, financial position and results of operations.

We have identified material weaknesses in our system of internal controls as of June 30, 2024 and are in the process of remediation. If we fail to remediate such material weakness or otherwise fail to achieve and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial results could be adversely impacted. As a result, current and potential stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could have an adverse effect on our business and our stock price.

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and to protect from fraudulent, illegal, or unauthorized transactions. If we cannot maintain effective controls and provide timely and reliable financial reports, our business and operating results could be harmed. As more fully disclosed in Part II, Item 9A “Controls and Procedures,” of our Annual Report on 10-K (the “10-K”) in the course of preparing the audited consolidated financial statements for the 10-K, the Company concluded that as of June 30, 2024, its internal control over financial reporting was not effective as a result of two material weaknesses at the control activity level related to ensuring all manual journal entries consistently enforced segregation of duties in the approval process and ensuring that the existence of inventory at manufacturing warehouse locations was accurate. These material weaknesses were specifically related to the implementation of the Company’s new ERP system in August 2023 and did not result in any material identified misstatements to the consolidated financial statements, and there were no changes to previously issued financial results.

Management is actively engaged in the planning for, and implementation of, remediation efforts to address these material weaknesses. However, we may not be successful in promptly remediating the material weaknesses identified by management or be able to identify and remediate additional control deficiencies, including material weaknesses, in the future. Our management may also be unable to conclude in future periods that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective due to the effects of various factors, which may, in part, include unremediated material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. Any further disruptions or difficulties that may occur in connection with our ERP system or other systems (whether in connection with the regular operation, periodic enhancements, modifications or upgrades of such systems or the integration of any acquired businesses into such systems, or due to cybersecurity events such as ransomware attacks) could adversely impact the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as well as affect our ability to manufacture products, process orders, deliver products, provide customer support, fulfill contractual obligations, track inventories, or otherwise operate our business, in particular as a result of our limited experience implementing such systems and the complex nature of the system itself. Any failure to establish and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, including due to a failure to remediate the material weaknesses mentioned above or the discovery or occurrence of any additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future, could adversely affect our ability to prepare financial statements within required time periods and record, process and report financial information accurately, which could result in material misstatements in our financial statements and cause us to fail to meet our reporting and financial obligations, negatively impact the price of our common stock, limit our liquidity and access to capital markets, adversely affect our business, harm our reputation or subject us to litigation or investigations requiring management resources and payment of legal and other expenses.

In addition, it may be difficult to timely determine the effectiveness of our financial reporting systems and internal controls in the future because of the complexity of our financial model. We recognize revenue from a range of transactions including CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platform sales and services. The CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms are complex products that contain both hardware and software elements. The complexity of the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms and of our financial model used to recognize revenue on such systems requires us to process a greater variety of financial transactions than would be required by a company with a less complex financial model. Accordingly, efforts to timely remediate deficiencies or weaknesses in our internal controls would likely be more challenging for us than they would for a company with a less complex financial model. Furthermore, if we were to find an internal control deficiency or material weakness, we may be required to amend or restate historical financial statements, which would likely have a negative impact on our stock price.

Additionally, our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected.

Our ability to raise capital or obtain financing in the future may be limited, and our failure to raise capital when needed could prevent us from executing our growth strategy.

While we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next twelve months, the timing and amount of our working capital and capital expenditure requirements may vary significantly depending on numerous factors, including the other risk factors described above and below.

If our capital resources are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity securities or debt securities or obtain other debt financing, which could be difficult or impossible depending on the state of economic and capital markets environments at the time, as well as the state of our business, operating results and financial condition. For example, any sustained disruption in the capital markets from the global economic environment could negatively impact our ability to raise capital. Our ability to raise additional capital or access capital can be affected by macroeconomic events which affect the economy and the financial and banking sectors in particular. Failures at banks and other financial institutions, or issues in the broader U.S. financial system, including uncertainty related to the debt ceiling, increased interest rates, and lack of availability of credit, which may have an impact on the broader capital markets and, in turn, our ability to access those markets. In addition, the tightening of the credit markets and lending standards could it make more difficult to raise capital through either debt or equity offerings on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Also, our debt levels may impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. The sale of additional equity securities or convertible debt securities would result in additional dilution to our stockholders. We cannot assure that additional financing, if required or desired, will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business may be adversely affected. If we need to accept less favorable terms, it could increase our cost of capital, reduce our cash balances or otherwise restrict our ability to grow.

As of June 30, 2024,we had approximately $281.9 million and $124.5 million in federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, respectively. The federal and state carryforwards expire in varying amounts beginning in 2029 for federal and 2025 for state purposes. In addition, as of June 30, 2024, we had federal and state research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $28.4 million and $22.8 million, respectively. The California research credits have no expiration date, but if not utilized, the federal research credits and other non-California state research credits will begin to expire in 2025.

Federal net operating losses arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 are subject to an 80% of taxable income limitation (as calculated before taking the net operating losses into account). It is uncertain if and to what extent various states will conform to these limitations. In addition, utilization of our net operating loss and credit carryforwards is subject to annual limitation due to the application of the ownership change limitations provided by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions to us. Future changes in our stock ownership, including future offerings, as well as changes that may be outside of our control, could result in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. In addition, the use of our net operating losses and other tax attributes may be subject to other limitations under applicable law. On June 27, 2024, California enacted Senate Bill 167 and 175 which included suspension on the use of state net operating losses in our fiscal years 2025, 2026, and 2027. This new California law should not have a material impact on our financials due to our low sales apportionment in the state. Additionally, one of the provisions under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that became effective in tax years beginning after December 31, 2021 required the capitalization and amortization of research and experimental expenditures, and although this change did not have an impact on our current consolidated financial statements, it may have an impact on future periods as our research and experimental expenditures have been a material amount on our financial statements.

We are subject to the tax laws of various foreign jurisdictions, as well as within the United States, which are subject to unanticipated changes and interpretation and could harm our future results.

The application of tax laws of various foreign jurisdictions and within the United States is subject to interpretation and depends on our ability to operate our business in a manner consistent with our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements. The taxing authorities of jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for valuing intercompany arrangements including our transfer pricing or determine that the manner in which we operate our business does not achieve the intended tax consequences. The application of tax laws can also be subject to conflicting interpretations by tax authorities in the various jurisdictions we operate. It is not uncommon for taxing authorities in different countries to have conflicting views, with respect to, among other things, the

manner in which the arm’s length standard is applied for transfer pricing purposes. Further, tax laws are subject to change, which could adversely impact our tax rate. A number of countries, as well as organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, support the 15% global minimum tax initiative, and have adopted or intend to adopt laws to implement this initiative. Such countries and organizations are also actively considering changes to existing tax laws or have proposed or enacted new laws that could increase our tax obligations in countries where we do business or cause us to change the way we operate our business, which could materially impact our results of operation.

Modifications, upgrades, new indications and future products related to the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy Systems or the Precision Treatment Planning and iDMS Data Management System software may require new FDA 510(k) clearances or premarket approvals and similar licensing or approvals in international markets. Such modifications, or any defects in design, manufacture or labeling may require us to recall or cease marketing the affected systems or software until approvals or clearances are obtained.

The CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms as well as the Precision Treatment Planning software are medical devices that are subject to extensive regulation in the United States by local, state and the federal government, including the FDA. The iDMS Data Management System may be regulated as a medical device in some markets. The FDA most recently cleared Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT) on Radixact System under K223159 on June 23, 2023. ClearRTTM for onboard kVCT imaging was previously cleared on the Radixact System under K202412 on December 18, 2020. The FDA regulates virtually all aspects of a medical device design, development, testing manufacturing, labeling, storage, record keeping, adverse event reporting, sale, promotion, distribution and shipping. Before a new medical device, or a new intended use or indication or claim for an existing product, can be marketed in the United States, it must first receive either premarket approval or 510(k) clearance from the FDA, unless an exemption exists. Either process can be expensive, lengthy and unpredictable. The FDA’s 510(k) clearance process generally takes from three to twelve months, but it can last longer. The process of obtaining premarket approval is much more costly and uncertain than the 510(k) clearance process and it generally takes from one to three years, or even longer, from the time the application is filed with the FDA. Additionally, outside of the United States, our products are subject to clearances and approvals by foreign governmental agencies similar to the FDA. In order to market our products internationally, we must obtain licenses or approvals from these governmental agencies, which could include local requirements, safety standards, testing or certifications, and can be time consuming, burdensome and uncertain. Despite the time, effort and cost, there can be no assurance that a particular device or a modification of a device will be approved or cleared by the FDA or any foreign governmental agency in a timely fashion, if at all. Even if we are granted regulatory clearances or approvals, they may include significant limitations on the indicated uses of the product, which may limit the market for those products, and how those products can be promoted.

Medical devices may only be marketed for the indications for which they are approved or cleared. The FDA and other foreign governments also may change their policies, adopt additional regulations, or revise existing regulations, each of which could prevent or delay approval or clearance of our device, or could impact our ability to market our currently approved or cleared device. We are also subject to medical device reporting regulations, which require us to report to the FDA and other international governmental agencies if our products cause or contribute to a death or a serious injury, or malfunction in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or a serious injury. We also are subject to the QSR in the U.S. and ISO 13485 certification in many international markets, compliance with which is necessary to receive FDA and other international clearances or approvals to market new products and is necessary for us to be able to continue to market a cleared or approved product in the United States or globally. After a product is placed in the market, we are also subject to regulations by the FDA and Federal Trade Commission related to the advertising and promotion of our products to ensure our claims are consistent with our regulatory clearances, that there is scientific data to substantiate our claims and that our advertising is not false or misleading. Our products are also subject to state regulations and various worldwide laws and regulations.

A component of our strategy is to continue to upgrade the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms as well as the Precision Treatment Planning with iDMS Data Management System software. Upgrades previously released by us required 510(k) clearance and international registration before we were able to offer them for sale. We expect our future upgrades will similarly require 510(k) clearance or approval; however, future upgrades may be subject to substantially more time-consuming data generation requirements and uncertain premarket approval or clearance processes. If we were required to use the premarket approval process for future products or product modifications, it could delay or prevent release of the proposed products or modifications, which could harm our business.

The FDA requires device manufacturers to make their own determination of whether or not a modification requires an approval or clearance; however, the FDA can review a manufacturer’s decision not to submit for additional approvals or clearances. Any modification to an FDA approved or cleared device that would significantly affect its safety or efficacy or that would constitute a major change in its intended use would require a new premarket approval or 510(k) clearance. We cannot assure you that the FDA

will agree with our decisions not to seek approvals or clearances for particular device modifications or that we will be successful in obtaining premarket approvals or 510(k) clearances for modifications in a timely fashion, if at all.

We have obtained 510(k) clearance for the CyberKnife platform for the treatment of conditions anywhere in the body when radiation treatment is indicated, and we have obtained 510(k) clearance for the TomoTherapy platform to be used as integrated systems for the planning and delivery of IMRT for the treatment of cancer. We have made modifications to the CyberKnife and TomoTherapy platforms in the past and may make additional modifications in the future that we believe do not or will not require additional approvals or clearances. If the FDA disagrees, based on new finalized guidance and requires us to obtain additional premarket approvals or 510(k) clearances for any modifications to the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platforms and we fail to obtain such approvals or clearances or fail to secure approvals or clearances in a timely manner, we may be required to cease manufacturing and marketing the modified device or to recall such modified device until we obtain FDA approval or clearance and we may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties.

The FDA and similar governmental authorities in other countries in which we market and sell our products have the authority to require the recall of our products in the event of material deficiencies or defects in design, manufacture or labeling. A government mandated recall, or a voluntary recall by us, could occur as a result of component failures, manufacturing errors or design defects, including defects in labeling and user manuals. Any recall could divert management’s attention, cause us to incur significant expenses, generate negative publicity, harm our reputation with customers, negatively affect our future sales and business, require redesign of the CyberKnife or TomoTherapy platform, and harm our operating results. In these circumstances, we may also be subject to significant enforcement action. If any of these events were to occur, our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner would be adversely affected, which in turn would harm our future growth.

We are subject to federal, state and foreign laws and regulations applicable to our operations, the violation of which could result in substantial penalties and harm our business.

In addition to regulation by the FDA and similar governmental authorities in other countries, our operations are subject to other laws and regulations, such as laws and rules governing interactions with healthcare providers, anti-corruption laws, privacy rules and transparency laws. In order to maintain compliance with these laws and requirements, we must continually keep abreast of any changes or developments to be able to integrate compliance protocols into the development and regulatory documentation of our products. Failure to maintain compliance could result in substantial penalties to us and harm our business.

Laws and ethical rules governing interactions with healthcare providers. The Medicare and Medicaid “anti‑kickback” laws, and similar state laws, prohibit soliciting, offering, paying or accepting any payments or other remuneration that is intended to induce any individual or entity to either refer patients to or purchase, lease or order, or arrange for or recommend the purchase, lease or order of, healthcare products or services for which payment may be made under federal and state healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. Such laws impact our sales, marketing and other promotional activities by reducing the types of financial arrangements we may have with our customers, potential customers, marketing consultants and other service providers. They particularly impact how we structure our sales offerings, including discount practices, customer support, product loans, education and training programs, physician consulting, research grants and other service arrangements. Many of these laws are broadly drafted and are open to a variety of interpretations, making it difficult to determine with any certainty whether certain arrangements violate such laws, even if statutory safe harbors are available. Generally, courts have taken a broad interpretation of the scope of the “anti-kickback” laws, holding that these laws may be violated if merely one purpose of a payment arrangement is to induce referrals or purchases. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation. Violations of these laws can be punishable with prison time, and can also result in criminal fines, administrative civil money penalties and exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs. In addition, a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal False Claims Act.

Federal and state “false claims” laws generally prohibit the knowing filing or causing the filing of a false claim or the knowing use of false statements to obtain payment from government payors. Although we do not submit claims directly to payors, manufacturers can be held liable under these laws if they are deemed to “cause” the submission of false or fraudulent claims by providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, or through certain other activities, including promoting products for uses or indications that are not approved by the FDA. In addition to actions initiated by the government itself, the federal False Claims Act authorizes actions to be brought on behalf of the federal government by a private party having knowledge of the alleged fraud called a “relator”. Because the complaint is initially filed under seal, the action may be pending for some time before the defendant is even aware of the action. If the government is ultimately successful in obtaining redress in the matter or if the relator succeeds in obtaining redress without the government’s involvement, then the relator is typically entitled to receive a percentage of the recovery. When an entity is determined to have violated the federal False Claims Act, it may be required to pay up to three times the actual damages sustained by the government, plus civil penalties for each separate false claim, and may be excluded from participation in federal health care

programs, and, although the federal False Claims Act is a civil statute, violations may also implicate various federal criminal statutes. Several states have also adopted comparable state false claims act, some of which apply to all payors.

We are also subject to federal and state physician self‑referral laws. The federal Ethics in Patient Referrals Act of 1989, commonly known as the Stark Law, prohibits, subject to certain exceptions, physician referrals of Medicare and Medicaid patients to an entity providing certain “designated health services” if the physician or an immediate family member has any financial relationship with the entity. The Stark Law also prohibits the entity receiving the referral from billing any good or service furnished pursuant to an unlawful referral. Various states have corollary laws to the Stark Law, including laws that require physicians to disclose any financial interest they may have with a healthcare provider to their patients when referring patients to that provider. Both the scope and exceptions for such laws vary from state to state.

If our past or present operations are found to be in violation of any of these “anti‑kickback,” “false claims,” “self‑referral” or other similar laws in foreign jurisdictions, we may be subject to the applicable penalty associated with the violation, which may include significant civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, imprisonment and exclusion from healthcare programs. The impact of any such violations may lead to curtailment or restructuring of our operations, which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results.

Anti‑corruption laws. We are also subject to laws regarding the conduct of business overseas, such as the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010, the Brazil Clean Companies Act, and other similar laws in foreign countries in which we operate. The FCPA prohibits the provision of illegal or improper inducements to foreign government officials in connection with the obtaining of business overseas. Becoming familiar with and implementing the infrastructure necessary to ensure that we and our distributors comply with such laws, rules and regulations and mitigate and protect against corruption risks could be quite costly, and there can be no assurance that any policies and procedures we do implement will protect us against liability under the FCPA or related laws for actions taken by our employees, executive officers, distributors, agents and other intermediaries with respect to our business. Violations of the FCPA or other similar laws by us or any of our employees, executive officers, distributors, agents or other intermediaries could subject us or the individuals involved to criminal or civil liability, cause a loss of reputation in the market, and materially harm our business.

Laws protecting patient health information. There are a number of federal and state laws protecting the confidentiality of certain patient health information, including patient records, and restricting the use and disclosure of that protected information. In particular, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) has promulgated patient privacy rules under the HIPAA. These privacy rules protect medical records and other personal health information of patients by limiting their use and disclosure, giving patients the right to access, amend and seek accounting of their own health information and limiting most uses and disclosures of health information to the minimum amount reasonably necessary to accomplish the intended purpose. The HIPAA privacy standard was amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, enacted as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Although we are not a “covered entity” under HIPAA, we are considered a “business associate” of certain covered entities and, as such, we are directly subject to HIPAA, including its enforcement scheme and inspection requirements, and are required to implement policies, procedures as well as reasonable and appropriate physical, technical and administrative security measures to protect individually identifiable health information we receive from covered entities. Our failure to protect health information received from customers in compliance with HIPAA or other laws could subject us to civil and criminal liability to the government and civil liability to the covered entity, could result in adverse publicity, and could harm our business and impair our ability to attract new customers.

Transparency laws. The Sunshine Act, which was enacted by Congress as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on December 14, 2011, requires each applicable manufacturer, which includes medical device companies such as Accuray, to track and report to the federal government on an annual basis all payments and other transfers of value from such applicable manufacturer to U.S. licensed physicians and teaching hospitals as well as physician ownership of such applicable manufacturer’s equity, in each case subject to certain statutory exceptions. Furthermore, on October 25, 2018, President Trump signed into law the “Substance Use-Disorder Prevention that Promoted Opioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities Act” which in part (under a provision entitled “Fighting the Opioid Epidemic with Sunshine”) extends the reporting and transparency requirements for physicians in the Physician Payments Sunshine Act to physician assistants, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified registered nurse anesthetists, and certified nurse midwives. Such data is available by the government on a publicly searchable website. Failure to comply with the data collection and reporting obligations imposed by the Sunshine Act can result in civil monetary penalties ranging from $1,000 to $10,000 for each payment or other transfer of value that is not reported (up to a maximum of $150,000 per reporting period) and from $10,000 to $100,000 for each knowing failure to report (up to a maximum of $1 million per reporting period). In addition, we are subject to similar state and foreign laws related to the tracking and reporting of payments and other transfers of value to healthcare professionals, the violation of which could, among other things, result in civil monetary penalties and adversely impact our reputation and business.

Conflict minerals. The Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the rules promulgated by the SEC under such act require companies, including Accuray, to disclose the existence in their products of certain metals, known as “conflict minerals,” which are metals mined from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjoining countries. These rules require investigative efforts, which has caused and will continue to cause us to incur associated costs, could adversely affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of minerals used in our products and may cause reputational harm if we determine that certain of our components contain such conflict minerals or if we are unable to alter our processes or sources of supply to avoid using such materials, all of which could adversely impact sales of our products and results of operations.

If we or our distributors do not obtain and maintain the necessary regulatory approvals in a specific country, we will not be able to market and sell our products in that country.

To be able to market and sell our products in a specific country, we or our distributors must comply with applicable laws and regulations of that country. In jurisdictions where we rely on our distributors to manage the regulatory process, we are dependent on their ability to do so effectively. While the laws and regulations of some countries do not impose barriers to marketing and selling our products or only require notification, others require that we or our distributors obtain the approval of a specified regulatory body. These laws and regulations, including the requirements for approvals, and the time required for regulatory review vary from country to country. The governmental agencies regulating medical devices in some countries, for example, require that the user interface on medical device software be in the local language. We currently provide user guides and manuals, both paper copies and electronically, in the local language but only provide an English language version of the user interface. Obtaining regulatory approvals is expensive and time‑consuming, and we cannot be certain that we or our distributors will receive regulatory approvals in each country in which we market or plan to market our products. If we modify our products, we or our distributors may need to apply for additional regulatory approvals before we are permitted to sell them. We may not continue to meet the quality and safety standards required to maintain the authorizations that we or our distributors have received. It can also be costly for us and our distributors to keep up with regulatory changes issued or mandated from time to time. If we change distributors, it may be time‑consuming and disruptive to our business to transfer the required regulatory approvals, particularly if such approvals are maintained by our third‑party distributors on our behalf. If we or our distributors are unable to maintain our authorizations, or fail to obtain appropriate authorizations in a particular country, we will no longer be able to sell our products in that country, and our ability to generate revenue will be materially adversely affected.

Within the EU, we are required under the Medical Device Directive to affix the Conformité Européene (“CE”) mark on our products in order to sell the products in member countries of the EU. This conformity to the applicable directives is done through self‑declaration and is verified by an independent certification body, called a Notified Body, before the CE mark can be placed on the device. Once the CE mark is affixed to the device, the Notified Body will regularly audit us to ensure that we remain in compliance with the applicable European laws or directives. CE marking demonstrates that our products comply with the laws and regulations required by the European Union countries to allow free movement of trade within those countries. If we cannot support our performance claims and/or demonstrate or maintain compliance with the applicable European laws and directives, we lose our CE mark, which would prevent us from selling our products within the European Union. In addition, the EU’s Medical Device Regulation (“MDR”), which replaced the existing Medical Device Directive, became effective in May 2021. The MDR establishes new requirements and oversight for maintaining the CE mark. The official guidance continues to be published for the implementation of these requirements and the number of Notified Bodies are still limited. There may be variability in review timeframes and requirements as both manufacturers and authorities navigate these new requirements. In addition, the EU and Switzerland failed to establish a Mutual Recognition Agreement (“MRA”) for medical devices to include Switzerland within the MDR and as a result, Switzerland has initiated its own medical device regulation similar to the EU MDR, which will require additional registrations for economic operators and products within Switzerland for our devices.

Under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan, a pre‑market approval necessary to sell, market and import a product, or Shonin, must be obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (“MHLW”), for our products. Before issuing approvals, MHLW examines the application in detail with regard to the quality, efficacy, and safety of the proposed medical device. The Shonin is granted once MHLW is content with the safety and effectiveness of the medical device. The time required for approval varies. A delay in approval could prevent us from selling our products in Japan, which could impact our ability to generate revenue and harm our business.

In addition to laws and regulations regarding medical devices, we are subject to a variety of environmental laws and regulations around the world regulating our operations, including those relating to the use, generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials, which laws impose compliance costs on our business and can also result in liability to us. Although we follow procedures intended to comply with existing environmental laws and regulations, risk of accidental contamination or injury can never be fully eliminated. In the event of an accident, state or federal or other applicable authorities may curtail our use of these materials and interrupt our business operations. In addition, future changes in these laws and regulations could also increase our costs of doing business. We must continually keep abreast of these standards and requirements and integrate our compliance into

the development and regulatory documentation for our products. Failure to meet these standards could limit our ability to market our products in those regions that require compliance to such standards. For example, the European Union has adopted directives that may lead to restrictions on the use of certain hazardous substances or other regulated substances in some of our products sold there, unless such products are eligible for an exemption. While we believe that certain of our products are exempt, there can be no guarantee that such determination would not be challenged or that the regulations would not change in a way that would subject our products to such regulation. These directives, along with other laws and regulations that may be adopted by other countries, could increase our operating costs in order to maintain access to certain markets, which could adversely affect our business.

Healthcare reform legislation could adversely affect demand for our products, our revenue and our financial condition.

In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (collectively, the “ACA”) were signed into law. Since its enactment, there have been judicial and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the ACA. In particular, on December 14, 2018, a Texas U.S. District Court Judge ruled that the ACA is unconstitutional in its entirety because the “individual mandate” was repealed by Congress as part of the Tax Act. Additionally, on December 18, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit upheld the District Court ruling that the individual mandate was unconstitutional and remanded the case back to the District Court to determine whether the remaining provisions of the ACA are invalid as well. On June 18, 2021, the United States Supreme Court upheld the ACA, holding that the individuals who brought the lawsuit did not have standing to challenge the law. It is unclear how this decision and the decisions of the current administration will impact the ACA and our business. Complying with any new legislation or reversing changes implemented under the ACA could be time-intensive and expensive, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business.

The ACA includes a large number of health related provisions, including expanding Medicaid eligibility, requiring most individuals to have health insurance, establishing new regulations on health plans, establishing health insurance exchanges, requiring manufacturers to report payments or other transfers of value made to physicians and teaching hospitals, modifying certain payment systems to encourage more cost‑effective care and a reduction of inefficiencies and waste and including new tools to address fraud and abuse. The laws also include a decrease in the annual rate of inflation for Medicare payments to hospitals and the establishment of an independent payment advisory board to suggest methods of reducing the rate of growth in Medicare spending. We do not yet know the full impact that the ACA will have on our business. The expansion in the government's role in the U.S. healthcare industry may result in decreased profits to us, lower reimbursement by third-party payors for our products, or reduced volume of medical procedures conducted with our products, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot predict the ultimate content, timing or effect of any healthcare reform legislation or the impact of potential legislation on us.

Future legislative or policy initiatives directed at reducing costs or limiting coverage or amounts of reimbursement available for our products could be introduced at either the federal or state level, which could have a negative impact on the demand for our products and services, and therefore on our financial position and results of operations. We cannot predict what healthcare reform legislation or regulations, if any, including any potential repeal or amendment of the ACA, will be enacted in the United States or elsewhere, what impact any legislation or regulations related to the healthcare system that may be enacted or adopted in the future might have on our business, or the effect of ongoing uncertainty or public perception about these matters will have on the purchasing decisions of our customers. However, the implementation of new legislation and regulation may materially lower reimbursements for our products, materially reduce medical procedure volumes and significantly and adversely affect our business.

The price of our common stock is volatile and may continue to fluctuate significantly, which could lead to losses for stockholders.

The stock market in general has recently experienced relatively large price and volume fluctuations, particularly in response to macroeconomic factors. In addition, the trading prices of the stock of healthcare companies of our size can experience extreme price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or out of proportion to the operating performance of these companies. Our stock price has experienced periods of volatility, including in recent quarters. Broad market fluctuations may also harm our stock price. Continued market fluctuations could result in extreme volatility in the price of our common stock, which could cause a decline in the value of our common stock. Any negative change in the public’s perception of the prospects of companies that employ similar technology or sell into similar markets could also depress our stock price, regardless of our actual results.

In addition to the other risk factors described above and below, factors affecting the trading price of our common stock include:

Future issuances of shares of our common stock could dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders.

Any issuance of equity securities could dilute the interests of our stockholders and could substantially decrease the trading price of our common stock. We may issue equity securities in the future for a number of reasons, including to finance our operations and business strategy (including in connection with acquisitions, strategic collaborations or other transactions), to adjust our ratio of debt to equity, to satisfy our obligations upon the exercise of outstanding options or for other reasons.

In May 2021, we issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes. We exchanged approximately $82.1 million aggregate principal amount of then-outstanding 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 for approximately $97.1 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes and issued approximately $2.9 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes to certain other qualified new investors for cash. To the extent we issue common stock upon conversion of any outstanding convertible notes, that conversion would dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders.

The conditional conversion features of the Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

In the event the conditional conversion features of the Notes are triggered, holders of the Notes, as applicable, will be entitled to convert such notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert such notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying solely cash in lieu of any fractional share), including if we have irrevocably elected full physical settlement upon conversion, we would be required to make cash payments to satisfy all or a portion of our conversion obligation based on the applicable conversion rate, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert such notes, if we have irrevocably elected net share settlement upon conversion we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of such notes as a current rather than long‑term liability, which could result in a material reduction of our net working capital.

Provisions in the indenture for the Notes, the credit agreement for our Credit Facilities, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could discourage or prevent a takeover, even if an acquisition would be beneficial in the opinion of our stockholders.

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make it more difficult for a third‑party to acquire us, even if doing so would be beneficial in the opinion of our stockholders. These provisions include:

In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company. Generally, Section 203 prohibits stockholders who, alone or together with their affiliates and associates, own more than 15% of the subject company from engaging in certain business combinations for a period of three years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder of such subject company without approval of the board or 662/3% of the independent stockholders. The existence of these provisions could adversely affect the voting power of holders of common stock and limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.

A change of control will also trigger an event of default under the Credit Facilities. If an event of default occurs, the agent for the lenders under the Credit Facilities may, at its discretion, suspend or terminate any of the lenders’ loan obligations thereunder and/or declare all or any portion of the loan then‑outstanding under the Credit Facilities, including all accrued but unpaid interest thereon, to be accelerated and immediately due and payable.

Furthermore, if a “fundamental change” (as such term is defined in the applicable indenture of the Notes) occurs, holders of the Notes will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their convertible notes. A “fundamental change” generally occurs when there is a change in control of Accuray (acquisition of 50% or more of our voting stock, liquidation or sale of Accuray not for stock in another publicly traded company) or trading of our stock is terminated. In the event of a “make‑whole fundamental change” (as such term is defined in the applicable indenture of the Notes), we may also be required to increase the conversion rate applicable to the Notes surrendered for conversion in connection with such make‑whole fundamental change. A “make‑whole fundamental change” is generally a sale of Accuray not for stock in another publicly traded company. In addition, the applicable indentures for the Notes prohibits us from engaging in certain mergers or acquisitions unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the Notes.

Our liquidity could be adversely impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets.

At September 30, 2024, we had $59.2 million in cash and cash equivalents. The available cash and cash equivalents are held in accounts managed by third-party financial institutions and consist of cash in our operating accounts and cash invested in money market funds. To date, we have experienced no material realized losses on or lack of access to our invested cash, or cash equivalents; however, we can provide no assurances that access to our invested cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets.

Actual events involving reduced or limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect domestic and international financial institutions or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. In addition, the tightening of the credit markets would it make more difficult to raise capital through either debt or equity offerings on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

At any point in time, we also have funds in our operating accounts that are with third-party financial institutions that exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. While we monitor daily the cash balances in our operating accounts and adjust the cash balances as appropriate, these cash balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail or become subject to other adverse conditions in the financial markets. To date, we have experienced no loss or lack of access to cash in our operating accounts.

Our operations are vulnerable to interruption or loss because of climate change, natural disasters, global or regional health pandemics or epidemics, terrorist acts and other events beyond our control, which has impacted and could in the future adversely affect our business.

Unexpected events beyond our control, including as a result of responses to epidemics or pandemics; fires or explosions; natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, tornadoes and earthquakes; war or terrorist activities (including the conflicts in Russia-Ukraine and the Middle East); unplanned outages; supply disruptions; and failures of equipment or systems, including telecommunications systems, or the failure to take adequate steps to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, could significantly disrupt our operations, delay or prevent product manufacturing and shipment for the time required to repair, rebuild or replace our manufacturing facilities, which could be lengthy, result in large expenses to repair or replace the facilities, and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operation.

Moreover, global climate change could result in certain types of natural disasters occurring more frequently or with more intense effects. The impacts of climate change may include physical risks (such as frequency and severity of extreme weather conditions),

social and human effects (such as population dislocations or harm to health and well-being), compliance costs, transition risks, shifts in market trends, and other adverse effects. Such impacts may disrupt parties in our supply chain, our customers, and our operations. We have facilities in countries around the world, including two manufacturing facilities in Madison, Wisconsin and Chengdu, China, each of which is equipped to manufacture unique components of our products. We do not maintain backup manufacturing facilities for any of our manufacturing facilities or for our IT facilities, so we depend on each of our current facilities for the continued operation of our business. In addition, we conduct a significant portion of other activities, including administration and data processing, at facilities located in California, which has experienced major earthquakes and fires in the past, as well as other natural disasters. Chengdu, China, where one of our manufacturing facilities is located, has also experienced major earthquakes in the past. We do not carry earthquake insurance. Further, concerns about terrorism, the effects of a terrorist attack, political turmoil or an epidemic outbreak could have a negative effect on our operations and the operations of our suppliers and customers and the ability to travel, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the global economic environment adversely impacted the pace at which our backlog converted to revenue due to delays in deliveries and installations. Additionally, China has suffered health epidemics including COVID-19, which could adversely affect our operations in China, including our manufacturing operations in Chengdu, as well as the operations of the JV and those of our customers. For example, as a result of COVID-19 related restrictions in China, sales in China decreased and we experienced delays in the JV obtaining certain necessarily regulatory approvals.

In addition, risks associated with climate change are subject to increasing societal, regulatory and political focus in the U.S. and globally. While the effects of climate change in the near-and long-term are difficult to predict, shifts in weather patterns caused by climate change are expected to increase the frequency, severity, or duration of certain adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, wildfires, droughts, extreme temperatures, or flooding, which could cause more significant business and supply chain interruptions, damage to our products and facilities as well as the infrastructure of hospitals, medical care facilities, and other customers, reduced workforce availability, increased costs of raw materials and components, increased liabilities, and decreased revenues than what we have experienced in the past from such events. In addition, increased public concern over climate change has and could result in new legal or regulatory requirements designed to mitigate the effects of climate change, including regulating greenhouse gas emissions, alternative energy policies, and sustainability initiatives. Although the SEC issued an order implementing a stay of its final climate-related disclosure rules, there have also been substantial legislative and regulatory developments on climate-related issues, including proposed, issued and implemented legislation and rulemakings that would require companies to assess and/or disclose climate metrics, risks, opportunities, policies and practices by both the Securities and Exchange Commission and California. These initiatives could result in the adoption of more stringent environmental laws and regulations or stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, which could result in increased compliance burden and costs to meet such regulatory obligations and could also impact how we source raw materials from suppliers, our manufacturing operations, and how we distribute our products. There also may be increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from the market and other stakeholders with respect to Environmental, Social, and Governance practices. Any such developments could have a significant effect on our operating and financial decisions, including those involving capital expenditures to comply with new regulatory requirements or stakeholder expectations, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in interpretation or application of generally accepted accounting principles may adversely affect our operating results.

We prepare our financial statements to conform to U.S. GAAP. These principles are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission and various other regulatory or accounting bodies. A change in interpretations of, or our application of, these principles can have a significant effect on our reported results and may even affect our reporting of transactions completed before a change is announced. Additionally, as we are required to adopt new accounting standards, our methods of accounting for certain items may change, which could cause our results of operations to fluctuate from period to period. Under the previous accounting guidance, we recognized system revenue upon acceptance when and if we have installation responsibilities. If circumstances change over time or interpretation of the revenue recognition rules change, we could be required to adjust the timing of recognizing revenue and our financial results could suffer.

We have not paid dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all future earnings for the operation and expansion of our business and, therefore, do not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our results of operations, capital requirements, financial condition, prospects, contractual arrangements, and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. If we do not pay dividends, a return on a stockholders’ investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates.

During the first quarter of year fiscal 2025, no director or officer, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” each as defined in Regulation S-K Item 408.

* The certification attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompanies this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Accuray Incorporated under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share	ARAY	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC


		Page No.

PART I.	Financial Information

Item 1.	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	3

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024	3

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	4

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	5

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	6

	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	30

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	31

PART II.	Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	33

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	67

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	67

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	67

Item 5.	Other Information	67

Item 6.	Exhibits	68

Signatures		69


	September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	59,209		$	68,570
Restricted cash		485			485
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $2,280 and $2,251 as of September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024, respectively (a)		91,789			92,001
Inventories, net		154,883			138,324
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (b)		21,456			23,006
Deferred cost of revenue		1,721			850
Total current assets		329,543			323,236
Property and equipment, net		25,342			24,774
Investment in joint venture		6,045			9,826
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		33,136			33,773
Goodwill		57,810			57,672
Intangible assets, net		48			59
Restricted cash		1,438			1,337
Other assets		19,716			17,950
Total assets	$	473,078		$	468,627
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	49,808		$	50,020
Accrued compensation		17,540			17,128
Operating lease liabilities, current		6,779			6,218
Other accrued liabilities		25,457			28,508
Customer advances		13,132			13,988
Deferred revenue		81,321			71,649
Short-term debt		7,769			7,756
Total current liabilities		201,806			195,267
Long-term liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		31,773			32,373
Long-term other liabilities		7,335			7,389
Deferred revenue, non-current		24,470			24,114
Long-term debt		162,471			164,400
Total liabilities		427,855			423,543
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value; authorized: 200,000,000 shares as of September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024, respectively; issued and outstanding: 100,435,251 and 100,194,932 shares at September 30, 2024, and June 30, 2024, respectively		100			100
Additional paid-in-capital		569,240			566,887
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(2,482	)		(4,222	)
Accumulated deficit		(521,635	)		(517,681	)
Total stockholders' equity		45,223			45,084
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	473,078		$	468,627


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
Net revenue:
Products (a)	$	48,369		$	53,350
Services (b)		53,176			50,542
Total net revenue		101,545			103,892
Cost of revenue:
Cost of products		32,461			35,699
Cost of services		34,615			28,700
Total cost of revenue (c)		67,076			64,399
Gross profit		34,469			39,493
Operating expenses:
Research and development (d)		12,116			14,013
Selling and marketing		11,682			10,244
General and administrative		12,820			13,023
Total operating expenses		36,618			37,280
Income (loss) from operations		(2,149	)		2,213
Income (loss) from equity method investment, net		(72	)		431
Interest expense		(2,955	)		(2,922	)
Other income (expense), net		1,847			(759	)
Loss before provision for income taxes		(3,329	)		(1,037	)
Provision for income taxes		625			1,932
Net loss	$	(3,954	)	$	(2,969	)
Net loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.03	)
Weighted average common shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic and diluted		100,225			96,555
Other comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(3,954	)	$	(2,969	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		1,740			(2,138	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(2,214	)	$	(5,107	)


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(3,954	)	$	(2,969	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,464			1,251
Share-based compensation		2,353			2,392
Amortization of debt issuance costs		254			238
Provision (recovery) from credit losses		244			(100	)
Provision for write-down of inventories		913			1,395
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		-			5
(Income) loss from equity method investment		72			(431	)
Net deferred gross profit on sales to the JV		3,619			1,576
Provision for deferred income taxes		(75	)		640
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		2,003			(5,197	)
Inventories		(16,985	)		(8,917	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		3,670			(2,428	)
Deferred cost of revenue		(871	)		8
Accounts payable		(1,727	)		2,756
Operating lease liabilities, net of operating lease right-of-use assets		132			11
Accrued compensation and accrued liabilities		(3,911	)		1,411
Customer advances		(1,300	)		(1,301	)
Deferred revenues		6,805			1,069
Net cash used in operating activities		(7,294	)		(8,591	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(1,120	)		(1,092	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,120	)		(1,092	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Paydown under Term Loan Facility		(2,000	)		(1,500	)
Debt issuance costs		(173	)		—
Borrowings under Revolving Credit Facility		10,000			—
Repayments under Revolving Credit Facility		(10,000	)		—
Net cash used in financing activities		(2,173	)		(1,500	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		1,327			(1,328	)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(9,260	)		(12,511	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		70,392			91,202
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	61,132		$	78,691
Supplemental non-cash disclosure:
Transfers from inventory to property and equipment, net	$	92		$	1,591
Transfers from inventory to prepaid expenses and other assets	$	1,218		$	-
Lease liability to leasehold improvement	$	447		$	2,593
Other balance sheet items reclassed to property and equipment	$	288		$	-
Unpaid purchase of property and equipment at end of period	$	440		$	393


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐


	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in		Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Accumulated			Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Loss			Deficit			Equity
Balance at June 30, 2024		100,195	$	100	$	566,887	$	(4,222	)	$	(517,681	)	$	45,084
Issuance of common stock to employees		240		—		—		—			—			—
Share-based compensation		—		—		2,353		—			—			2,353
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(3,954	)		(3,954	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—		1,740			—			1,740
Balance at September 30, 2024		100,435	$	100	$	569,240	$	(2,482	)	$	(521,635	)	$	45,223


	Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024			2023			Percent Change
Products (a)	$	48,369		$	53,350			(9	)%
Services (b)		53,176			50,542			5	%
Net revenue	$	101,545		$	103,892			(2	)%
Products revenue as a percentage of net revenue		48	%		51	%
Service revenue as a percentage of net revenue		52	%		49	%


	ACCURAY INCORPORATED

Date: November 6, 2024
	By:	/s/ SUZANNE WINTER
		Suzanne Winter
		Chief Executive Officer



	By:	/s/ Ali Pervaiz
		Ali Pervaiz
		Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer