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美國
證券交易委員會
華盛頓特區20549
表格 10-Q
☒ 根據1934年證券交易法第13條或第15(d)條的季度報告
截至2024年6月30日季度結束 2024年9月30日
或
☐ 根據1934年證券交易法第13或第15(d)條的過渡報告
到 ____________ 1-4482 ____________.
委員會檔案編號： 001-33519
公共存儲公司
（依憑章程所載的完整登記名稱）
馬里蘭州。93-2834996
(依據所在地或其他管轄區)
的註冊地或組織地點)
（國稅局雇主身份識別號碼）
  
701 Western Avenue, Glendale, 加利福尼亞州
91201-2349
(總部辦公地址)（郵政編碼）
註冊者的電話號碼，包括區域號碼: (818) 244-8080.
如自上次報告以來更改，前名、前地址和前財政年度：N/A
根據法案第120億條款登記的證券:
課程標題交易符號每個註冊交易所的名稱
普通股，每股面值$0.10PSA紐約證券交易所
存款發行股，每股代表1/1,000份面值為$0.01的5.150％累積優先股份，F系列PSAPrF紐約證券交易所
每個存託憑證代表1/1,000的5.050%累積優先股份，G系列，面值$0.01PSAPrG紐約證券交易所
每個存託憑證代表1/1,000的5.600%累積優先股份，H系列，面值$0.01PSAPrH紐約證券交易所
每個存託憑證代表1/1,000的4.875%累積優先股份，I系列，面值$0.01公共存儲公司APrI紐約證券交易所
每股存托證券代表0.01美元面值的4.700%累積優先股份J系列PSAPrJ紐約證券交易所
每股存托證券代表0.01美元面值的4.750%累積優先股份K系列PSAPrK紐約證券交易所
每份存托憑證代表4.625%累積優先股L系列的1/1,000份，面值$0.01PSAPrL紐約證券交易所
每份存托憑證代表4.125%累積優先股m系列的1/1,000份，面值$0.01PSAPrM紐約證券交易所
每份存托憑證代表3.875%累積優先股N系列的1/1,000份，面值$0.01PSAPrN紐約證券交易所
每份存托憑證代表3.900%累積優先股O系列的1/1,000，面值為$0.01PSAPrO紐約證券交易所
每份存托憑證代表4.000%累積優先股P系列的1/1,000，面值為$0.01PSAPrP紐約證券交易所
每份存托憑證代表3.950%累積優先股Q系列的1/1,000，面值為$0.01PSAPrQ紐約證券交易所
每份存託股代表4.000%累積特優股R系列的1/1,000，面值0.01美元PSAPrR紐約證券交易所
每份存託股代表4.100%累積特優股S系列的1/1,000，面值0.01美元PSAPrS紐約證券交易所
公共存儲公司發行的到期日期為2032年的0.875％優先票據的保證
PSA/32紐約證券交易所
由公共存儲公司發行的到期日為2030年的0.500%高級票據的保證
PSA/30紐約證券交易所
請用勾選表示︰申報人（1）已在過去12個月（或資格要求其提交此等報告之較短期間）依據1934年證券交易法第13條或第15(d)條的規定提交所有所需提交的報告，並且（2）在過去至少90天內一直受到此等報告要求的規定。
☒ 是 ☐ 否
請勾選表示該登記者是否已在過去12個月內（或該登記者需要提交這些文件的較短期間）向Regulation S-t的第232.405條提出的每個互動式數據文件。
☒ 是 ☐ 否
請勾選指示登記者是否為大型快速提交人、快速提交人、非快速提交人、較小的報告公司或新興成長型公司。請參閱交易所法規120億2條，了解「大型快速提交人」、「快速提交人」、「較小的報告公司」和「新興成長型公司」的定義。
大型加速歸檔人加速
檔案		非加速歸檔人小型報告公司新興成長型企業
☒☐☐☐☐
如果是新興成長型企業，在符合任何依據證券交易法第13(a)條所提供的任何新的或修改的財務會計準則的遵循的延伸過渡期方面，是否選擇不使用核准記號進行指示。☐
勾選表示申報人是否為外殼公司（定義於交易所法規第1202條）。
☐ 是 ☒ 否
截至2024年10月23日，請表示登記人持有的普通受益股數目：
每股普通股份的受益權益，每股面值0.10美元 – 175,108,651 股份


公共存儲公司
指数
第I部分財務信息頁
项目1。基本報表（未經審核） 
 合併資產負債表
 綜合損益表
 綜合損益表
 綜合權益變動表
 綜合現金流量表
 基本報表附註
项目2。管理層對財務狀況和業績的討論與分析
项目3。市場風險的定量和定性披露。
项目4。內部控制及程序
第二部分
其他信息 （項目3和4不適用）
项目1。法律訴訟
项目1A。風險因素
项目2。股票權益的未註冊銷售和資金用途
项目5。
其他信息
第6項。展品




公共存儲公司
合併資產負債表
（金額以千元為單位，除股票資料外）

 九月三十日，
2024		12月31日，
2023
(未經查核)
資產  
    
現金及約當現金$599,004 $370,002 
房地產業設施，成本：
土地5,652,960 5,628,488 
建築物22,441,100 21,836,750 
28,094,060 27,465,238 
累計折舊 (10,172,372)(9,423,974)
17,921,688 18,041,264 
施工進行中310,514 345,453 
18,232,202 18,386,717 
投資於未合併的房地產業實體397,482 390,180 
商譽及其他無形資產淨值294,546 387,267 
其他資產279,985 275,050 
總資產 $19,803,219 $19,809,216 
     
負債和權益    
    
應付票據$9,473,778 $9,103,277 
應計利益及其他負債619,416 598,993 
總負債10,093,194 9,702,270 
    
承諾與或然性 （14.注）
  
  
股權：    
公共存儲公司股東權益：    
優先股，$0.01 每股面額為 100,000,000 股份已授權 174,000 股份發行（按系列）並持續存在，（174,000 在2023年12月31日）按清算優先權
4,350,000 4,350,000 
普通股，$0.10 每股面額為 650,000,000 股份已授權 175,108,335 發行股（175,670,727 2023年12月31日份股數
17,511 17,567 
股本實收 6,032,686 5,980,760 
累積赤字 (737,450)(267,910)
累積其他全面損失(52,684)(67,239)
總公共存儲公司股東權益 9,610,063 10,013,178 
非控制權益99,962 93,768 
總股本9,710,025 10,106,946 
負債加股東權益總額$19,803,219 $19,809,216 

請參閱附註。
1

公共存儲公司
綜合損益表
（所有金額均以千元為單位，除非每股金額）
(未經查核)


 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2024202320242023
Revenues:
Self-storage facilities $1,110,115 $1,078,721 $3,295,896 $3,167,025 
Ancillary operations 77,643 65,099 222,293 190,797 
1,187,758 1,143,820 3,518,189 3,357,822 
Expenses:
Self-storage cost of operations 287,435 267,785 858,350 794,078 
Ancillary cost of operations 34,265 21,159 88,877 63,037 
Depreciation and amortization 280,330 238,748 848,875 682,531 
Real estate acquisition and development expense2,530 5,059 9,154 13,687 
General and administrative 26,214 20,732 74,130 57,459 
Interest expense 74,252 58,350 215,266 132,530 
 705,026 611,833 2,094,652 1,743,322 
Other increases (decreases) to net income:
Interest and other income 20,029 32,295 52,248 69,381 
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate entity2,888 7,227 15,458 22,787 
Foreign currency exchange (loss) gain(70,572)47,880 (20,580)19,924 
Gain on sale of real estate 554 88 1,428 88 
Income before income tax expense435,631 619,477 1,472,091 1,726,680 
Income tax expense(2,488)(2,834)(6,042)(8,457)
Net income 433,143 616,643 1,466,049 1,718,223 
Allocation to noncontrolling interests (2,814)(3,345)(8,645)(9,188)
Net income allocable to Public Storage shareholders 430,329 613,298 1,457,404 1,709,035 
Allocation of net income to:
Preferred shareholders(48,678)(48,678)(146,029)(146,029)
Restricted share units and unvested LTIP units(939)(1,383)(3,088)(3,922)
Net income allocable to common shareholders$380,712 $563,237 $1,308,287 $1,559,084 
Net income per common share:
Basic$2.17 $3.21 $7.46 $8.89 
Diluted$2.16 $3.20 $7.43 $8.85 
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 175,043175,499175,403175,451
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding175,866176,150176,074176,170
See accompanying notes.
2

PUBLIC STORAGE
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Amounts in thousands)
(Unaudited)


 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2024202320242023
Net income $433,143 $616,643 $1,466,049 $1,718,223 
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) on investment in Shurgard21,380 (5,958)14,567 (787)
Total comprehensive income 454,523 610,685 1,480,616 1,717,436 
Allocation to noncontrolling interests (2,827)(3,345)(8,657)(9,188)
Comprehensive income allocable to Public Storage shareholders$451,696 $607,340 $1,471,959 $1,708,248 

See accompanying notes.
3

PUBLIC STORAGE
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

 Cumulative Preferred SharesCommon SharesPaid-in CapitalAccumulated DeficitAccumulated
Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Public Storage Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling InterestsTotal Equity
Balances at June 30, 2024
$4,350,000 $17,501 $6,006,460 $(592,665)$(74,051)$9,707,245 $96,403 $9,803,648 
Issuance of common shares in connection with share-based compensation (97,448 shares)
— 10 20,576 — — 20,586 — 20,586 
Taxes withheld upon net share settlement of restricted share units— — (679)— — (679)— (679)
Share-based compensation expense— — 11,939 — — 11,939 — 11,939 
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests— — (1,193)— — (1,193)7 (1,186)
Contributions by noncontrolling interests— — — — — — 567 567 
Net income — — — 433,143 — 433,143 — 433,143 
Net income allocated to noncontrolling interests — — — (2,814)— (2,814)2,814 — 
Reallocation of equity— — (4,417)— — (4,417)4,417 — 
Distributions to:
Preferred shareholders (Note 9) — — — (48,678)— (48,678)— (48,678)
Noncontrolling interests — — — — — — (4,259)(4,259)
Common shareholders, restricted share unitholders and unvested LTIP unitholders ($3.00 per share) (Note 9)
— — — (526,436)— (526,436)— (526,436)
Other comprehensive gain— — — — 21,367 21,367 13 21,380 
Balances at September 30, 2024
$4,350,000 $17,511 $6,032,686 $(737,450)$(52,684)$9,610,063 $99,962 $9,710,025 
See accompanying notes.
4

PUBLIC STORAGE
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

 Cumulative Preferred SharesCommon SharesPaid-in CapitalAccumulated DeficitAccumulated
Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Public Storage Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling InterestsTotal Equity
Balances at June 30, 2023
$4,350,000 $17,549 $5,940,945 $(167,404)$(75,146)$10,065,944 $92,627 $10,158,571 
Issuance of common shares in connection with share-based compensation (8,429 shares)
— 1 1,105 — — 1,106 — 1,106 
Taxes withheld upon net share settlement of restricted share units— — (644)— — (644)— (644)
Share-based compensation expense— — 10,388 — — 10,388 — 10,388 
Contributions by noncontrolling interests— — — — — — 1,908 1,908 
Net income — — — 616,643 — 616,643 — 616,643 
Net income allocated to noncontrolling interests — — — (3,345)— (3,345)3,345 — 
Distributions to:
Preferred shareholders— — — (48,678)— (48,678)— (48,678)
Noncontrolling interests — — — — — — (3,648)(3,648)
Common shareholders and restricted share unitholders ($3.00 per share)
— — — (527,797)— (527,797)— (527,797)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (5,958)(5,958)— (5,958)
Balances at September 30, 2023
$4,350,000 $17,550 $5,951,794 $(130,581)$(81,104)$10,107,659 $94,232 $10,201,891 
See accompanying notes.
5

PUBLIC STORAGE
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 Cumulative Preferred SharesCommon SharesPaid-in CapitalAccumulated DeficitAccumulated
Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Public Storage Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling InterestsTotal Equity
Balances at December 31, 2023
$4,350,000 $17,567 $5,980,760 $(267,910)$(67,239)$10,013,178 $93,768 $10,106,946 
Issuance of common shares in connection with share-based compensation (164,473 shares) (Note 11)
— 17 30,999 — — 31,016 — 31,016 
Taxes withheld upon net share settlement of restricted share units (Note 11)— — (6,295)— — (6,295)— (6,295)
Share-based compensation cost (Note 11)— — 35,696 — — 35,696 — 35,696 
Repurchase of common shares (726,865 shares) (Note 9)
— (73)— (199,927)— (200,000)— (200,000)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests— — (1,193)— — (1,193)7 (1,186)
Contributions by noncontrolling interests— — — — — — 1,985 1,985 
Net income — — — 1,466,049 — 1,466,049 — 1,466,049 
Net income allocated to noncontrolling interests — — — (8,645)— (8,645)8,645 — 
Reallocation of equity— — (7,281)— — (7,281)7,281 — 
Distributions to:
Preferred shareholders (Note 9)— — — (146,029)— (146,029)— (146,029)
Noncontrolling interests — — — — — — (11,736)(11,736)
Common shareholders, restricted share unitholders and unvested LTIP unitholders ($9.00 per share/unit) (Note 9)
— — — (1,580,988)— (1,580,988)— (1,580,988)
Other comprehensive gain— — — — 14,555 14,555 12 14,567 
Balances at September 30, 2024
$4,350,000 $17,511 $6,032,686 $(737,450)$(52,684)$9,610,063 $99,962 $9,710,025 
See accompanying notes.
6

PUBLIC STORAGE
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

 Cumulative Preferred SharesCommon SharesPaid-in CapitalAccumulated DeficitAccumulated
Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Public Storage Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling InterestsTotal Equity
Balances at December 31, 2022
$4,350,000 $17,527 $5,896,423 $(110,231)$(80,317)$10,073,402 $93,399 $10,166,801 
Issuance of common shares in connection with share-based compensation (235,647 shares)
— 23 31,267 — — 31,290 — 31,290 
Taxes withheld upon net settlement of restricted share units— — (10,040)— — (10,040)— (10,040)
Share-based compensation cost
— — 34,144 — — 34,144 — 34,144 
Contributions by noncontrolling interests— — — — — — 2,641 2,641 
Net income — — — 1,718,223 — 1,718,223 — 1,718,223 
Net income allocated to noncontrolling interests — — — (9,188)— (9,188)9,188 — 
Distributions to:
Preferred shareholders— — — (146,029)— (146,029)— (146,029)
Noncontrolling interests — — — — — — (10,996)(10,996)
Common shareholders and restricted share unitholders ($9.00 per share)
— — — (1,583,356)— (1,583,356)— (1,583,356)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (787)(787)— (787)
Balances at September 30, 2023
$4,350,000 $17,550 $5,951,794 $(130,581)$(81,104)$10,107,659 $94,232 $10,201,891 

See accompanying notes.
7

PUBLIC STORAGE
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20242023
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Net income $1,466,049 $1,718,223 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:
Gain on sale of real estate(1,428)(88)
Depreciation and amortization848,875 682,531 
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate entity(15,458)(22,787)
Distributions from cumulative equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate entity10,664 17,663 
Unrealized foreign currency exchange loss (gain)20,725 (19,937)
Share-based compensation expense32,101 31,309 
Other non-cash adjustments7,992 10,205 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the impact of acquisitions:
Other assets(45,241)(40,719)
Accrued and other liabilities 35,356 78,564 
Net cash flows from operating activities 2,359,635 2,454,964 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures to maintain real estate facilities(174,896)(157,967)
Capital expenditures for property enhancements(106,172)(119,360)
Capital expenditures for energy efficiencies (LED lighting, solar)(35,784)(45,772)
Development and expansion of real estate facilities(247,161)(248,977)
Acquisition of real estate facilities and intangible assets(46,280)(301,324)
Acquisition of BREIT Simply Storage LLC, net of cash acquired— (2,178,151)
Distributions in excess of cumulative equity in earnings from unconsolidated real estate entity13,285 3,165 
Proceeds from sale of real estate investments6,014 101 
Net cash flows used in investing activities (590,994)(3,048,285)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance costs on amendment of credit facility— (8,377)
Repayments of notes payable(808,473)(8,229)
Issuance of notes payable, net of issuance costs1,151,022 2,181,273 
Issuance of common shares in connection with share-based compensation30,917 31,099 
Taxes paid upon net share settlement of restricted share units(6,295)(10,040)
Repurchase of common shares(200,000)— 
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests (1,186)— 
Contributions by noncontrolling interests 1,985 2,641 
Distributions paid to preferred shareholders, common shareholders, restricted share unitholders and unvested LTIP unitholders(1,726,246)(1,728,852)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests (11,736)(10,996)
Net cash flows (used in) from financing activities (1,570,012)448,519 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents, including restricted cash $198,629 $(144,802)
See accompanying notes.
8

PUBLIC STORAGE
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in thousands)
(Unaudited)

 For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20242023
Cash and equivalents, including restricted cash at beginning of the period:
Cash and equivalents $370,002 $775,253 
Restricted cash included in other assets30,373 29,904 
$400,375 $805,157 
Cash and equivalents, including restricted cash at end of the period:
Cash and equivalents $599,004 $629,773 
Restricted cash included in other assets— 30,582 
 $599,004 $660,355 
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Costs incurred during the period remaining unpaid at period end for:
Capital expenditures to maintain real estate facilities$(11,206)$(10,405)
Capital expenditures for property enhancements(4,668)(4,637)
Capital expenditures for energy efficiencies (LED lighting, solar)(3,865)(574)
Construction or expansion of real estate facilities(43,075)(66,788)
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized$210,652 $90,487 
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds6,577 10,840 

See accompanying notes.
9

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)


1.Description of the Business
Public Storage is a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) engaged in the ownership and operation of self-storage facilities that offer storage spaces for lease, generally on a month-to-month basis, for personal and business use, ancillary activities such as tenant reinsurance, merchandise sales, and third party management, as well as the acquisition and development of additional self-storage space.
Effective August 14, 2023, we are structured as an umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT, under which substantially all of our business is conducted through Public Storage OP, L.P. (“PSA OP”), an operating partnership, and its subsidiaries, including Public Storage Operating Company (“PSOC”). The primary assets of the parent entity, Public Storage, are general partner and limited partner interests in PSA OP, which holds all of the Company’s assets through its ownership of all of the equity interests in PSOC. As a limited partnership, PSA OP is a variable interest entity and is consolidated by Public Storage as its primary beneficiary. As of September 30, 2024, Public Storage owned all of the general partner interests and approximately 99.87% of the limited partnership interests of PSA OP, with the remaining 0.13% of limited partnership interests owned by certain trustees and officers of the Company.
Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Public Storage” mean the parent entity, Public Storage, and references to “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” mean collectively Public Storage, PSA OP, PSOC, and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Public Storage, PSA OP, and PSOC.
At September 30, 2024, we owned interests in 3,053 self-storage facilities (with approximately 219.5 million net rentable square feet) located in 40 states in the United States (“U.S.”) operating under the Public Storage® name, and 1.1 million net rentable square feet of commercial and retail space. In addition, we managed 280 facilities (with approximately 21.0 million net rentable square feet) for third parties at September 30, 2024.
At September 30, 2024, we owned an approximate 35% common equity interest in Shurgard Self Storage Limited (“Shurgard”), a public company traded on the Euronext Brussels under the “SHUR” symbol, which owned 315 self-storage facilities (with approximately 17 million net rentable square feet) located in seven Western European countries, all operating under the Shurgard® name.
2.Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
We have prepared the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as set forth in the Accounting Standards Codification of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and in conformity with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In our opinion, the interim consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect all adjustments, primarily of a normal recurring nature, that are necessary to present fairly the interim consolidated financial statements. Because they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements, these interim consolidated financial statements should be read together with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Certain amounts previously reported in our September 30, 2023 Consolidated Statements of Income have been reclassified to conform to the September 30, 2024 presentation, with respect to the separate presentation of real estate acquisition and development expense in the amount of $5.1 million and $13.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, previously included in general and administrative expense. The reclassification had no impact on our net income.
Disclosures of the number and square footage of facilities, as well as the number and coverage of tenant reinsurance policies (Note 14) are unaudited and outside the scope of our independent registered public accounting firm’s review of our financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (U.S.).
10

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no significant changes to the Company's significant accounting policies described in Note 2, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
3.Real Estate Facilities
Activity in real estate facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
 (Amounts in thousands)
Operating facilities, at cost:
Beginning balance $27,465,238 
Capital expenditures to maintain real estate facilities173,684 
Capital expenditures for property enhancements109,320 
Capital expenditures for energy efficiencies (LED lighting, solar)39,291 
Acquisitions 45,579 
Dispositions and other(1,569)
Developed or expanded facilities opened for operation262,517 
Ending balance 28,094,060 
Accumulated depreciation:
Beginning balance (9,423,974)
Depreciation expense (748,398)
Ending balance (10,172,372)
Construction in process:
Beginning balance 345,453 
Costs incurred to develop and expand real estate facilities228,311 
Write-off of cancelled projects(733)
Developed or expanded facilities opened for operation(262,517)
Ending balance 310,514 
Total real estate facilities at September 30, 2024
$18,232,202 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we acquired five self-storage facilities (0.3 million net rentable square feet of storage space), for a total cost of $46.3 million in cash. Approximately $0.7 million of the total cost was allocated to intangible assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we completed development and redevelopment activities costing $262.5 million, adding 1.1 million net rentable square feet of self-storage space. Construction in process at September 30, 2024 consisted of projects to develop new self-storage facilities and expand existing self-storage facilities.
In the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold portions of real estate facilities pursuant to eminent domain proceedings and land parcels for a total of $6.0 million in cash and recorded gains on sale of real estate of $1.4 million.
11

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

4.Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Entity
Throughout all periods presented, we had an approximately 35% equity interest in Shurgard. On November 14, 2023, Shurgard issued 8,163,265 new common shares to institutional investors. We participated on a pro-rata basis in the offering and acquired 2,863,674 common shares for a cost of $112.6 million. On September 26, 2024, Shurgard issued 1,114,194 new common shares to its shareholders who opted to exchange the cash dividend rights declared on August 13, 2024 for additional shares. We received 487,600 new common shares in exchange for all of our dividend rights. At September 30, 2024, we effectively owned 34,619,733 common shares of Shurgard. Based upon the closing price at September 30, 2024 (€42.10 per share of Shurgard common stock, at 1.116 exchange rate of U.S. Dollars to the Euro), the shares we owned had a market value of approximately $1.6 billion.
Our equity in earnings of Shurgard comprised our equity share of Shurgard’s net income, less amortization of the Shurgard Basis Differential (defined below). During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we received $3.2 million and $2.8 million of trademark license fees that Shurgard pays to us for the use of the Shurgard® trademark, respectively. We eliminated $1.1 million and $1.0 million of intra-entity profits and losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, representing our equity share of the trademark license fees. We classify the remaining license fees we receive from Shurgard as interest and other income on our Consolidated Statements of Income.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we received cash dividend distributions from Shurgard totaling $22.8 million and $19.8 million, respectively. Approximately $13.3 million and $3.2 million of total cash distributions from Shurgard during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, represented distributions in excess of cumulative equity in earnings from Shurgard, which was classified within cash flows from investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
At September 30, 2024, our investment in Shurgard’s real estate assets exceeded our pro-rata share of the underlying amounts on Shurgard’s balance sheet by $59.3 million ($63.7 million at December 31, 2023). This differential (the “Shurgard Basis Differential”) includes our basis adjustments in Shurgard’s real estate assets net of related deferred income taxes. The Shurgard Basis Difference increased by $3.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, due to an increase of our ownership interest in Shurgard from the exchange of our cash dividend rights for additional common shares of Shurgard. The Shurgard Basis Differential is being amortized as a reduction to equity in earnings of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Entity. Such amortization totaled approximately $7.8 million and $4.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, we translated the book value of our investment in Shurgard from Euro to U.S. Dollars and recorded $14.6 million other comprehensive gain and $0.8 million other comprehensive loss during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
5.Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):
At September 30, 2024At December 31, 2023
Gross Book ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet Book ValueGross Book ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet Book Value
Goodwill$165,843 $— $165,843 $165,843 $— $165,843 
Shurgard® Trade Name18,824 — 18,824 18,824 — 18,824 
Finite-lived intangible assets, subject to amortization996,279 (886,400)109,879 995,578 (792,978)202,600 
Total goodwill and other intangible assets$1,180,946 $(886,400)$294,546 $1,180,245 $(792,978)$387,267 
12

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

Finite-lived intangible assets consist primarily of acquired customers in place. Amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization was $26.6 million and $93.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $16.0 million and $41.4 million for the same periods in 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, intangibles increased $0.7 million, in connection with the acquisition of real estate facilities (Note 3).
The estimated future amortization expense for our finite-lived intangible assets at September 30, 2024 is as follows (amounts in thousands):
YearAmount
Remainder of 2024$23,451 
202560,632 
202619,129 
20272,797 
2028382 
Thereafter3,488 
Total$109,879 
6.Credit Facility
On June 12, 2023, PSOC entered into an amended revolving credit agreement (the “Credit Facility”), which increased our borrowing limit from $500 million to $1.5 billion and extended the maturity date from April 19, 2024 to June 12, 2027. We have the option to further extend the maturity date by up to one additional year with additional extension fees up to 0.125% of the extended commitment amount. Amounts drawn on the Credit Facility bear annual interest at rates ranging from SOFR plus 0.65% to SOFR plus 1.40% depending upon our credit rating (SOFR plus 0.70% at September 30, 2024). We are also required to pay a quarterly facility fee ranging from 0.10% per annum to 0.30% per annum depending upon our credit rating (0.10% per annum at September 30, 2024). At September 30, 2024 and October 30, 2024, we had no outstanding borrowings under this Credit Facility. We had undrawn standby letters of credit, which reduce our borrowing capacity, totaling $14.4 million at September 30, 2024 ($14.6 million at December 31, 2023). The Credit Facility has various customary restrictive covenants with which we were in compliance at September 30, 2024.
Public Storage has provided a full and unconditional guarantee of PSOC’s obligations under the Credit Facility.
13

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

7.Notes Payable
Our notes payable (all of which were issued by PSOC), are reflected net of issuance costs (including original issue discounts), which are amortized as interest expense on the effective interest method over the term of each respective note. Our notes payable at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are set forth in the tables below:
   
Amounts at September 30, 2024
Amounts at
 December 31, 2023
 Coupon RateEffective Rate PrincipalUnamortized CostsBook
 Value		Fair
 Value		Book
 Value		Fair
 Value
   ($ amounts in thousands)
U.S. Dollar Denominated Unsecured Debt
Notes due April 23, 2024
SOFR+0.47%
5.818%$— $— $— $— $699,779 $700,031 
Notes due July 25, 2025
SOFR+0.60%
5.789%400,000 (667)399,333 401,358 398,722 400,295 
Notes due February 15, 2026
0.875%1.030%500,000 (1,026)498,974 478,521 498,419 462,362 
Notes due November 9, 20261.500%1.640%650,000 (1,834)648,166 617,195 647,513 597,131 
Notes due April 16, 2027
SOFR+0.70%
5.954%700,000 (2,717)697,283 708,988 — — 
Notes due September 15, 2027
3.094%3.218%500,000 (1,568)498,432 487,882 498,036 476,394 
Notes due May 1, 2028
1.850%1.962%650,000 (2,414)647,586 602,292 647,078 584,520 
Notes due November 9, 20281.950%2.044%550,000 (1,976)548,024 506,089 547,663 490,758 
Notes due January 15, 20295.125%5.260%500,000 (2,507)497,493 522,552 497,053 516,899 
Notes due May 1, 2029
3.385%3.459%500,000 (1,404)498,596 486,198 498,363 477,692 
Notes due May 1, 2031
2.300%2.419%650,000 (4,498)645,502 577,837 644,988 562,240 
Notes due November 9, 20312.250%2.322%550,000 (2,517)547,483 478,168 547,218 469,845 
Notes due August 1, 20335.100%5.207%700,000 (5,117)694,883 727,196 694,448 725,753 
Notes due August 1, 20535.350%5.474%900,000 (15,913)884,087 930,953 592,017 628,413 
 7,750,000 (44,158)7,705,842 7,525,229 7,411,297 7,092,333 
Euro Denominated Unsecured Debt
Notes due April 12, 2024
1.540%1.540%— — — — 110,372 109,380 
Notes due November 3, 2025
2.175%2.175%270,110 — 270,110 267,303 267,116 261,083 
Notes due September 9, 20300.500%0.640%781,267 (6,650)774,617 667,856 765,119 638,177 
Notes due January 24, 2032
0.875%0.978%558,048 (3,920)554,128 495,753 547,540 455,895 
Notes due April 11, 20394.080%4.080%167,415 (74)167,341 182,390 — — 
   1,776,840 (10,644)1,766,196 1,613,302 1,690,147 1,464,535 
 Mortgage Debt, secured by 2 real estate facilities with a net book value of $11.3 million
4.347%4.347%1,740 — 1,740 1,681 1,833 1,733 
 $9,528,580 $(54,802)$9,473,778 $9,140,212 $9,103,277 $8,558,601 

Public Storage has provided a full and unconditional guarantee of PSOC’s obligations under each series of unsecured notes.
14

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

U.S. Dollar Denominated Unsecured Notes
On April 16, 2024, PSOC completed a public offering of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes, including $700 million aggregate principal amount of floating rate senior notes bearing interest at a rate of Compounded SOFR + 0.70% (reset quarterly) maturing on April 16, 2027 and $300 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes bearing interest at a fixed annual rate of 5.350% maturing on August 1, 2053. The 2053 notes issued at a discount of $5.3 million constitute a further issuance of, and form a single series with, our outstanding 5.350% senior notes due 2053 issued on July 26, 2023 in the aggregate principal amount of $600 million. Interest on the floating rate senior notes is payable quarterly, commencing on July 16, 2024. Interest on the 2053 notes is payable semi-annually, commencing on August 1, 2024. In connection with the offering, we received $988.5 million in net proceeds from the offering.
On April 23, 2024, we repaid PSOC’s outstanding $700 million aggregate principal amount of SOFR + 0.47% floating rate senior notes at maturity.
The U.S. Dollar denominated unsecured notes (the “U.S. Dollar Denominated Unsecured Notes”) have various financial covenants with which we were in compliance at September 30, 2024. Included in these covenants are (a) a maximum Debt to Total Assets of 65% (approximately 18% at September 30, 2024) and (b) a minimum ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to Interest Expense of 1.5x (approximately 12x for the twelve months ended September 30, 2024) as well as covenants limiting the amount we can encumber our properties with mortgage debt.
Euro Denominated Unsecured Notes
At September 30, 2024, our Euro denominated unsecured notes (the “Euro Notes”) consisted of four tranches: (i) €242.0 million issued to institutional investors on November 3, 2015, (ii) €500.0 million issued in a public offering on January 24, 2020, (iii) €700.0 million issued in a public offering on September 9, 2021, and (iv) €150.0 million issued to institutional investors on April 11, 2024. The Euro Notes have financial covenants similar to those of the U.S. Dollar Denominated Unsecured Notes.
The €150.0 million notes issued to institutional investors on April 11, 2024 bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.080% and mature on April 11, 2039. Interest is payable semi-annually. We received $162.5 million in net proceeds upon converting the Euros to U.S. Dollars. On April 11, 2024, we repaid PSOC’s outstanding €100.0 million aggregate principal amount 1.540% senior notes due April 12, 2024 to the same institutional investors for $108.4 million.
We reflect changes in the U.S. Dollar equivalent of the amount payable including the associated interest, as a result of changes in foreign exchange rates as “Foreign currency exchange (loss) gain” on our income statement (losses of $71.1 million and $20.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to gains of $48.2 million and $20.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively).
Mortgage Notes
We assumed our non-recourse mortgage debt in connection with property acquisitions, and we recorded such debt at fair value with any premium or discount to the stated note balance amortized using the effective interest method.
At September 30, 2024, the related contractual interest rates of our mortgage notes are fixed, ranging between 3.9% and 7.1%, and mature between September 1, 2028 and July 1, 2030.
At September 30, 2024, approximate principal maturities of our Notes Payable are as follows (amounts in thousands):
15

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

 Unsecured DebtMortgage DebtTotal
Remainder of 2024$—$31$31
2025670,110131670,241
20261,150,0001381,150,138
20271,200,0001461,200,146
20281,200,0001291,200,129
Thereafter 5,306,7301,1655,307,895
$9,526,840$1,740$9,528,580
Weighted average effective rate 3.2%4.3%3.2%
Interest capitalized as real estate totaled $8.2 million and $6.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
8.Noncontrolling Interests
There are noncontrolling interests related to several subsidiaries of PSOC we consolidate of which we do not own 100% of the equity. At September 30, 2024, certain of these subsidiaries have issued 499,966 partnership units to third-parties that are redeemable by the holders on a one-for-one basis for common shares of the Company or cash at our option. The holders of these partnership units are entitled to receive the same per-unit cash distributions equal to the dividends paid on our common shares.
Noncontrolling interests also include the partnership interests of PSA OP not owned by the Company, including common units (“OP Units”) and vested LTIP units from equity awards we issue to certain officers and trustees of the Company (see Note 11 Share-based Compensation). Vested LTIP units (subject to certain conditions) may be converted into the same number of OP Units of PSA OP, which are redeemable by the holders on a one-for-one basis for common shares of the Company or cash at our option. The holders of OP Units and vested LTIP units are entitled to receive per-unit cash distributions equal to the per-share dividends received by our common shareholders. At September 30, 2024, approximately 0.13% of the partnership interests of PSA OP, representing 226,587 vested LTIP units, were not owned by the Company. There were no outstanding OP Units not owned by the Company at September 30, 2024. We adjust the balance of noncontrolling interests of PSA OP to reflect their proportionate share of the net assets of PSA OP as of the end of each period.
16

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

9.Shareholders’ Equity

Preferred Shares
At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had the following series of Cumulative Preferred Shares (“Preferred Shares”) outstanding:

   
At September 30, 2024
At December 31, 2023
SeriesEarliest Redemption DateDividend RateShares OutstandingLiquidation PreferenceShares OutstandingLiquidation Preference
   (Dollar amounts in thousands)
Series F6/2/20225.150 %11,200 $280,000 11,200 $280,000 
Series G8/9/20225.050 %12,000 300,000 12,000 300,000 
Series H3/11/20245.600 %11,400 285,000 11,400 285,000 
Series I9/12/20244.875 %12,650 316,250 12,650 316,250 
Series J11/15/20244.700 %10,350 258,750 10,350 258,750 
Series K12/20/20244.750 %9,200 230,000 9,200 230,000 
Series L6/17/20254.625 %22,600 565,000 22,600 565,000 
Series M8/14/20254.125 %9,200 230,000 9,200 230,000 
Series N10/6/20253.875 %11,300 282,500 11,300 282,500 
Series O11/17/20253.900 %6,800 170,000 6,800 170,000 
Series P6/16/20264.000 %24,150 603,750 24,150 603,750 
Series Q8/17/20263.950 %5,750 143,750 5,750 143,750 
Series R11/19/20264.000 %17,400 435,000 17,400 435,000 
Series S1/13/20274.100 %10,000 250,000 10,000 250,000 
Total Preferred Shares174,000 $4,350,000 174,000 $4,350,000 
The holders of our Preferred Shares have general preference rights with respect to liquidation, quarterly distributions, and any accumulated unpaid distributions. Except as noted below, holders of the Preferred Shares do not have voting rights. In the event of a cumulative arrearage equal to six quarterly dividends, holders of all outstanding series of preferred shares (voting as a single class without regard to series) will have the right to elect two additional members to serve on our Board of Trustees (our “Board”) until the arrearage has been cured. At September 30, 2024, there were no dividends in arrears. The affirmative vote of at least 66.67% of the outstanding shares of a series of Preferred Shares is required for any material and adverse amendment to the terms of such series. The affirmative vote of at least 66.67% of the outstanding shares of all of our Preferred Shares, voting as a single class, is required to issue shares ranking senior to our Preferred Shares.
Except under certain conditions relating to the Company’s qualification as a REIT, the Preferred Shares are not redeemable prior to the dates indicated on the table above. On or after the respective dates, each of the series of Preferred Shares is redeemable at our option, in whole or in part, at $25.00 per depositary share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends. Holders of the Preferred Shares cannot require us to redeem such shares.
Upon issuance of our Preferred Shares, we classify the liquidation value as preferred equity on our consolidated balance sheet with any issuance costs recorded as a reduction to Paid-in capital.
17

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

Common Share Repurchases
Our Board has authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which management may repurchase up to 35,000,000 of our common shares on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we repurchased 726,865 of our common shares under the repurchase program on the open market for a total cost of $200.0 million. The repurchased shares are constructively retired and returned to an authorized and unissued status. There are 10,551,219 common shares that may yet be repurchased under our repurchase program as of September 30, 2024.
Dividends and Distributions
Dividends and distributions paid to our common shareholders, restricted share unitholders, deferred share unitholders, and unvested LTIP unitholders, totaled $526.2 million ($3.00 per share) and $527.6 million ($3.00 per share) for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.6 billion ($9.00 per share) for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. In addition, we accrued $0.3 million and $0.2 million of dividends and distributions to holders of unearned performance-based restricted share units and LTIP units for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $0.8 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Preferred share dividends paid totaled $48.7 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and $146.0 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
10.Related Party Transactions
At September 30, 2024, Tamara Hughes Gustavson, a current member of our Board, held less than a 0.1% equity interest in, and is a manager of, a limited liability company that owns 66 self-storage facilities in Canada. Two of Ms. Gustavson’s adult children own the remaining equity interest in the limited liability company. These facilities operate under the Public Storage® tradename, which we license to the owners of these facilities for use in Canada on a royalty-free, non-exclusive basis. We have no ownership interest in these facilities, and we do not own or operate any facilities in Canada. If we chose to acquire or develop our own facilities in Canada, we would have to share the use of the Public Storage® name in Canada. We have a right of first refusal, subject to limitations, to acquire the stock or assets of the corporation engaged in the operation of these facilities if their owners agree to sell them. Our subsidiaries reinsure risks relating to loss of goods stored by customers in these facilities, and have received premium payments of approximately $1.6 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
11.Share-Based Compensation
Under various share-based compensation plans and under terms established or modified by our Board or a committee thereof, we grant equity awards to trustees, officers, and key employees, including non-qualified options to purchase the Company’s common shares, restricted share units (“RSUs”), deferred share units (“DSUs”), and unrestricted common shares issued in lieu of trustee compensation.
In February 2024, we amended our 2021 Equity and Performance-Based Incentive Plan to further provide for the grant of awards to certain officers and trustees of the Company in the form of LTIP units and appreciation-only LTIP units (“AO LTIP units”) of PSA OP. LTIP units are structured as “profit interests” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we issued LTIP units and AO LTIP units in substitution for 156,632 RSUs and 2,238,874 stock options, respectively. The LTIP units and AO LTIP units issued have the same vesting conditions as the original awards and remain classified as equity awards. The fair value of the LTIP units and AO LTIP units issued is materially the same as the original awards immediately before the substitution. As a result, we did not adjust the share-based compensation costs associated with these substituted awards.
18

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

We recorded share-based compensation expense associated with our equity awards in the various expense categories in the Consolidated Statements of Income as set forth in the following table. In addition, $0.7 million and $2.5 million of share-based compensation cost was capitalized as real estate facilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to $0.5 million and $1.8 million for the same periods of 2023, respectively.
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2024202320242023
 (Amounts in thousands)
Self-storage cost of operations$2,927 $2,964 $9,237 $10,316 
Ancillary cost of operations248 320 874 960 
Real estate acquisition and development expense635 302 2,063 884 
General and administrative7,117 5,929 19,927 19,149 
Total$10,927 $9,515 $32,101 $31,309 

As of September 30, 2024, there was $69.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to share-based compensation arrangements. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of three years.
Restricted Share Units and LTIP Units
We have service-based and performance-based RSUs and LTIP units outstanding, which generally vest over 5 to 8 years from the grant date. Performance-based RSUs and LTIP units outstanding vest upon meeting certain performance conditions or market conditions. Upon vesting, the grantee of RSUs receives new common shares equal to the number of vested RSUs, less common shares withheld to satisfy the grantee’s statutory tax liabilities arising from the vesting. Vested LTIP units represent noncontrolling interests of PSA OP and may be converted, subject to the satisfaction of all applicable vesting conditions, on a one-for-one basis into common units of PSA OP, which are exchangeable by the holders for cash, or at the Company’s election, on a one-for-one basis into common shares of the Company. Holders of RSUs and LTIP units are entitled to receive per-unit cash distributions equal to the per-share dividends received by our common shareholders, except that holders of performance-based awards are not entitled to receive the full distributions until expiration of the applicable performance period, at which time holders of any earned performance-based awards are entitled to receive a catch-up distribution for the periods prior to such time.
Below is a summary of award activity issued in the form of RSUs and LTIP units for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Service-Based
Performance-Based (a)
Total
Unvested awards outstanding January 1, 2024
322,64894,013416,661
Granted (b)
4,47038,32042,790
Vested (c)
(63,816)(9,250)(73,066)
Forfeited
(13,815)—(13,815)
Unvested awards outstanding September 30, 2024
249,487123,083372,570
(a)Number of performance-based awards are presented based on the target performance pursuant to the terms of each applicable award when granted and adjusted to the actual number of awards earned based on the actual performance.
19

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

(b)During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 34,550 performance-based LTIP unit awards (at target) and 3,770 performance-based RSUs were granted to certain executive officers and key employees. The vesting of performance-based LTIP unit awards is dependent upon meeting certain market conditions over a three-year period from March 5, 2024 through March 4, 2027, with continued service-based vesting through the first quarter of 2029. These LTIP unit awards require relative achievement of the Company’s total shareholder return as compared to the weighted average total shareholder return of specified peer groups and can result in grantees earning from zero to a maximum of 69,100 LTIP units. The vesting of performance-based RSUs is dependent upon meeting certain operational performance targets in 2024 and continued service through 2028.
(c)22,319 common shares were issued from the vesting of RSUs.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred share-based compensation cost for RSUs and LTIP units of $8.0 million and $24.0 million, respectively, as compared to $6.3 million and $21.1 million for the same periods in 2023.
Stock Options and AO LTIP Units
We have service-based and performance-based stock options and AO LTIP units outstanding. Performance-based stock options and AO LTIP units vest upon meeting certain performance conditions or market conditions. Stock options and AO LTIP units generally vest over 1 to 5 years, expire 10 years after the grant date, and have an exercise or conversion price equal to the closing trading price of our common shares on the grant date. Common shares of the Company are issued for options exercised and vested LTIP units are issued for AO LTIP units converted. Employees cannot require the Company to settle their awards in cash.

Below is a summary of award activity issued in the form of stock options and AO LTIP units for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Service-Based
Performance-Based (a)
Total
Awards outstanding January 1, 2024
1,629,7421,421,4793,051,221
Granted (b)
110,08463,717173,801
Exercised or converted (c)
(372,195)(237,117)(609,312)
Cancelled(10,110)—(10,110)
Awards outstanding September 30, 2024
1,357,5211,248,0792,605,600
Awards exercisable or convertible at September 30, 2024
1,196,887676,4931,873,380

(a)Number of performance-based awards are presented based on the target performance pursuant to the terms of each applicable award when granted and adjusted to the actual number of awards earned based on the actual performance.
(b)During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 106,484 of service-based AO LTIP unit awards, 63,717 of performance-based AO LTIP unit awards (at target), and 3,600 service-based options were granted to certain executive officers and trustees. The vesting of the performance-based AO LTIP unit awards is dependent upon meeting certain market conditions over a three-year period from March 5, 2024 through March 4, 2027, with continued service-based vesting through the first quarter of 2029. These performance-based AO LTIP unit awards require relative achievement of the Company’s total shareholder return as compared to the weighted average total shareholder return of specified peer groups and can result in grantees earning from zero to a maximum of 127,434 AO LTIP units.
(c)140,960 common shares were issued upon the exercise of stock options. 186,944 vested LTIP units were issued upon conversion of 468,352 AO LTIP units in the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred share-based compensation cost for stock options and AO LTIP units of $3.4 million and $10.0 million, respectively, as compared to $3.6 million and $11.3 million for the same periods in 2023.
20

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

Trustee Deferral Program
Non-management trustees may elect to receive all or a portion of their cash retainers in cash, unrestricted common shares, or fully-vested DSUs to be settled at a specified future date. Unrestricted common shares and/or DSUs will be granted to the non-management trustee on the last day of each calendar quarter based on the cash retainer earned for that quarter and converted into a number of shares or units based on the applicable closing price of our common shares on such date. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we granted 1,401 DSUs and 323 unrestricted common shares. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 871 previously granted DSUs were settled in common shares. A total of 11,299 DSUs were outstanding at September 30, 2024 (10,769 at December 31, 2023).
12.Net Income per Common Share
We allocate net income to (i) noncontrolling interests based upon their contractual rights in the respective subsidiaries or for participating noncontrolling interests based upon their participation in both distributed and undistributed earnings of the Company, (ii) preferred shareholders, for distributions paid or payable, (iii) preferred shareholders, to the extent redemption cost exceeds the related original net issuance proceeds (a “preferred share redemption charge”), and (iv) RSUs and unvested LTIP units, for non-forfeitable dividends and distributions paid and adjusted for participation rights in undistributed earnings of the Company.
We calculate basic and diluted net income per common share based upon net income allocable to common shareholders, divided by (i) weighted average common shares for basic net income per common share, and (ii) weighted average common shares adjusted for the impact of dilutive stock options and AO LTIP units outstanding for diluted net income per common share. Stock options and AO LTIP units representing 220,475 common shares were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to 317,062 common shares for the same periods in 2023, because their effect would have been antidilutive.
The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net income per common shares computation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2024202320242023
Numerator for basic and dilutive net income per common share – net income allocable to common shareholders$380,712$563,237$1,308,287$1,559,084
Denominator for basic net income per share - weighted average common shares outstanding175,043175,499175,403175,451
Net effect of dilutive stock options and AO LTIP units - based on treasury stock method823651671719
Denominator for dilutive net income per share - weighted average common shares outstanding175,866176,150176,074176,170
Net income per common share:
Basic$2.17$3.21$7.46$8.89
Dilutive$2.16$3.20$7.43$8.85
21

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

13.Segment Information
Our operating segments reflect the significant components of our operations where discrete financial information is evaluated separately by our chief operating decision maker.
Self-Storage Operations
The Self-Storage Operations reportable segment reflects the aggregated rental operations from the self-storage facilities we own through the following operating segments: (i) Same Store Facilities, (ii) Acquired Facilities, (iii) Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities, and (iv) Other Non-Same Store Facilities. The presentation in the table below sets forth the Net Operating Income (“NOI”) of this reportable segment, as well as the related depreciation expense. For all periods presented, substantially all of our real estate facilities, goodwill and other intangible assets, other assets, and accrued and other liabilities are associated with the Self-Storage Operations reportable segment.
Ancillary Operations
The Ancillary Operations reflects the combined operations of our tenant reinsurance, merchandise sales, and third party property management operating segments.
Presentation of Segment Information
The following table reconciles NOI and net income attributable to our reportable segment to our consolidated net income:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2024202320242023
 (amounts in thousands)
Self-Storage Operations Reportable Segment
Revenue$1,110,115 $1,078,721 $3,295,896 $3,167,025 
Cost of operations(287,435)(267,785)(858,350)(794,078)
   Net operating income822,680 810,936 2,437,546 2,372,947 
Depreciation and amortization(280,330)(238,748)(848,875)(682,531)
   Net income542,350 572,188 1,588,671 1,690,416 
Ancillary Operations
Revenue77,643 65,099 222,293 190,797 
Cost of operations(34,265)(21,159)(88,877)(63,037)
   Net operating income43,378 43,940 133,416 127,760 
    Total net income allocated to segments585,728 616,128 1,722,087 1,818,176 
Other items not allocated to segments:
Real estate acquisition and development expense(2,530)(5,059)(9,154)(13,687)
General and administrative(26,214)(20,732)(74,130)(57,459)
Interest and other income20,029 32,295 52,248 69,381 
Interest expense(74,252)(58,350)(215,266)(132,530)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate entity2,888 7,227 15,458 22,787 
Foreign currency exchange (loss) gain(70,572)47,880 (20,580)19,924 
Gain on sale of real estate554 88 1,428 88 
Income tax expense(2,488)(2,834)(6,042)(8,457)
     Net income$433,143 $616,643 $1,466,049 $1,718,223 
22

PUBLIC STORAGE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2024
(Unaudited)

14.Commitments and Contingencies
Contingent Losses
We are a party to various legal proceedings and subject to various claims and complaints; however, we believe that the likelihood of these contingencies resulting in a material loss to the Company, either individually or in the aggregate, is remote.
Insurance and Loss Exposure
We carry property, earthquake, general liability, employee medical insurance, and workers compensation coverage through internationally recognized insurance carriers, subject to deductibles. Our deductible for general liability is $2.0 million per occurrence. Our annual deductible for property loss is $25.0 million per occurrence. This deductible decreases to $5.0 million once we reach $35.0 million in aggregate losses for occurrences that exceed $5.0 million. Insurance carriers’ aggregate limits on these policies of $75.0 million for property losses and $102.0 million for general liability losses are higher than estimates of maximum probable losses that could occur from individual catastrophic events determined in recent engineering and actuarial studies; however, in case of multiple catastrophic events, these limits could be exceeded.
We reinsure a program that provides insurance to our customers from an independent third-party insurer. This program covers customer claims for losses to goods stored at our facilities as a result of specific named perils (earthquakes are not covered by this program), up to a maximum limit of $5,000 per storage unit. We reinsure all risks in this program, but purchase insurance to cover this exposure for a limit of $15.0 million for losses in excess of $10.0 million per occurrence. We are subject to licensing requirements and regulations in all states. Customers participate in the program at their option. At September 30, 2024, there were approximately 1.4 million certificates held by self-storage customers under the program, representing aggregate coverage of approximately $6.8 billion.
Commitments
We have construction commitments representing future expected payments for construction under contract totaling $164.6 million at September 30, 2024. We expect to pay approximately $27.2 million in the remainder of 2024, $128.2 million in 2025, and $9.2 million in 2026 for these construction commitments.
We have future contractual payments on land, equipment and office space under various lease commitments totaling $62.4 million at September 30, 2024. We expect to pay approximately $0.9 million in the remainder of 2024, $4.1 million in 2025, $4.0 million in 2026, $2.6 million in 2027, $2.5 million in 2028, and $48.3 million thereafter for these commitments.
15.Subsequent Events
Subsequent to September 30, 2024, we acquired or were under contract to acquire 14 self-storage facilities across nine states with 1.2 million net rentable square feet, for $181.2 million.
In late September and early October 2024, Hurricane Helene and Hurricane Milton struck in the southeastern region of the U.S. Including amounts accrued at September 30, 2024, we expect to incur a total estimated cost of approximately $7 million for repairs and capital expenditures as well as tenant reinsurance claims resulting from the impact of the hurricanes. We do not expect to recover any of these costs through the insurance or reinsurance policies we carry.
23

ITEM 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements relating to our 2024 outlook and all underlying assumptions, our expected acquisition, disposition, development, and redevelopment activity, supply and demand for our self-storage facilities, information relating to operating trends in our markets, expectations regarding operating expenses, including property tax changes, expectations regarding the impacts from inflation and changes in macroeconomic conditions, our strategic priorities, expectations with respect to financing activities, rental rates, cap rates, and yields, leasing expectations, our credit ratings, and all other statements other than statements of historical fact. Such statements are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions made based on information currently available to management and may be identified by the use of the words “outlook,” “guidance,” “expects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “should,” “estimates,” and similar expressions.
These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which may cause our actual results and performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties that may impact future results and performance include, but are not limited to those risks and uncertainties described in Part 1, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 20, 2024 and in our other filings with the SEC. These include changes in demand for our facilities, changes in macroeconomic conditions, changes in national self-storage facility development activity, impacts of natural disasters, adverse changes in laws and regulations including governing property tax, evictions, rental rates, minimum wage levels, and insurance, adverse economic effects from public health emergencies, international military conflicts, or similar events impacting public health and/or economic activity, increases in the costs of our primary customer acquisition channels, adverse impacts to us and our customers from high interest rates, inflation, unfavorable foreign currency rate fluctuations, or changes in federal or state tax laws related to the taxation of REITs, security breaches, including ransomware, or a failure of our networks, systems, or technology.
These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report or as of the dates indicated in the statements. All of our forward-looking statements, including those in this report, are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, new estimates, or other factors, events or circumstances after the date of these forward-looking statements, except when expressly required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not rely on any forward-looking statements in this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, neither as predictions of future events nor guarantees of future performance.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires us to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances to determine reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no material changes to our critical accounting estimates as compared to the critical accounting estimates disclosed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
24

Overview
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, revenues generated by our Same Store Facilities (as defined below) decreased by 1.3% ($12.3 million) and 0.8% ($21.4 million), respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023, while Same Store cost of operations increased by 2.6% ($5.8 million) and 2.8% ($18.6 million), respectively. While demand growth is down as compared to 2023, demand has improved sequentially during 2024, and we expect this trend to lead to moderating levels of income growth through 2024.
We have grown and plan to continue to grow through the acquisition and development of new facilities and expansion of our existing self-storage facilities. Since the beginning of 2022, we acquired a total of 243 facilities with 17.2 million net rentable square feet for $3.5 billion. Additionally, within our non-same store portfolio, our Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities (as defined below) include a total of 127 self-storage facilities with 15.3 million net rentable square feet. For development and expansions completed by September 30, 2024, we incurred a total cost of $1.6 billion. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, combined net operating income generated by our Acquired Facilities (as defined below) and Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities increased 51.3% ($27.1 million) and 69.7% ($94.8 million), respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023.
We have experienced recent inflationary impacts on our cost of operations including labor, utilities, and repairs and maintenance, and costs of development and expansion activities, and we expect to experience such impacts in the future. We have implemented various initiatives to manage the adverse impacts, such as enhancements in operational processes and investments in technology to reduce payroll hours, achievement of economies of scale from recent acquisitions with supervisory payroll and centralized management costs allocated over a broader number of self-storage facilities, and investments in solar power and LED lights to lower utility usage.
In order to enhance the competitive position of certain of our facilities relative to local competitors (including newly developed facilities), we have embarked on our multi-year Property of Tomorrow program to (i) rebrand our properties with more pronounced, attractive, and clearly identifiable color schemes and signage and (ii) upgrade the configuration and layout of the offices and other customer zones to improve the customer experience. We expect to complete the program in 2024. We spent approximately $106 million on the program in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and expect to spend approximately $130 million over 2024 on this effort. We have also embarked on a solar program under which we plan to install solar panels on over 1,400 of our self-storage facilities. We have completed the installations on 669 facilities through September 30, 2024. We spent approximately $36 million on the program in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and expect to spend $70 million over 2024 on this effort.
On April 11, 2024, PSOC issued €150 million of senior notes to institutional investors, bearing interest at a fixed rate of 4.080% and maturing on April 11, 2039. The senior notes are guaranteed by Public Storage. We received $162.5 million of net proceeds from the issuance after converting the Euros to U.S. Dollars. On April 11, 2024, we repaid PSOC’s outstanding €100 million aggregate principal amount 1.540% senior notes due April 12, 2024 to the same institutional investors for $108.4 million.
On April 16, 2024, PSOC completed a public offering of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes, including $700 million aggregate principal amount of floating rate senior notes bearing interest at a rate of Compounded SOFR + 0.70% (reset quarterly) maturing on April 16, 2027 and $300 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes bearing interest at a fixed annual rate of 5.350% maturing on August 1, 2053. The 2053 notes, which were issued at a discount of $5.3 million, constitute a further issuance of, and form a single series with, our outstanding 5.350% senior notes due 2053 issued on July 26, 2023 in the aggregate principal amount of $600 million. These senior notes are guaranteed by Public Storage. We received $988.5 million of net proceeds from the offering. On April 23, 2024, we repaid at maturity PSOC’s outstanding $700 million aggregate principal amount of floating rate senior notes due April 23, 2024.
During the second quarter of 2024, we repurchased 726,865 of our common shares under our previously announced share repurchase program on the open market for a total cost of $200.0 million, driven by our expected improvement in operating fundamentals and growth.
In late September and early October 2024, Hurricane Helene and Hurricane Milton struck in the southeastern region of the U.S. Including amounts accrued at September 30, 2024, we expect to incur a total estimated cost of approximately $7 million for repairs and capital expenditures as well as tenant reinsurance claims resulting from the impact of the hurricanes. We do not expect to recover any of these costs through the insurance or reinsurance policies we carry.
25

Results of Operations
Operating Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
For the three months ended September 30, 2024, net income allocable to our common shareholders was $380.7 million or $2.16 per diluted common share, compared to $563.2 million or $3.20 per diluted common share for the same period in 2023, representing a decrease of $182.5 million or $1.04 per diluted common share. The decrease is due primarily to (i) a $118.5 million increase in foreign currency losses primarily associated with our Euro denominated notes payable, (ii) a $41.6 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense, and (iii) a $15.9 million increase in interest expense, partially offset by (iv) an $11.7 million increase in self-storage net operating income.
The $11.7 million increase in self-storage net operating income in the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 is a result of a $29.8 million increase attributable to our non-same store facilities, partially offset by an $18.0 million decrease attributable to our Same Store Facilities. Revenues for the Same Store Facilities decreased 1.3% or $12.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, due primarily to lower realized annual rent per occupied square foot and a decline in occupancy. Cost of operations for the Same Store Facilities increased by 2.6% or $5.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, due primarily to increased other direct property costs, repairs and maintenance expense and marketing expense, partially offset by decreased on-site property manager payroll. The increase in net operating income of $29.8 million for the non-same store facilities is due primarily to the impact of facilities acquired in 2023.
Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net income allocable to our common shareholders was $1.3 billion or $7.43 per diluted common share, compared to $1.6 billion or $8.85 per diluted common share for the same period in 2023, representing a decrease of $250.8 million or $1.42 per diluted common share. The decrease is due primarily to (i) a $166.3 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense and (ii) a $82.7 million increase in interest expense, and (iii) a $40.5 million increase in foreign currency exchange losses primarily associated with our Euro denominated notes payable, partially offset by (iv) a $64.6 million increase in self-storage net operating income.
The $64.6 million increase in self-storage net operating income in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 is a result of a $104.6 million increase attributable to our non-same store facilities, partially offset by a $40.0 million decrease attributable to our Same Store Facilities. Revenues for the Same Store Facilities decreased 0.8% or $21.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, due primarily to a decline in occupancy. Cost of operations for the Same Store Facilities increased by 2.8% or $18.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, due primarily to increased marketing expense, property tax expense and repairs and maintenance expense, partially offset by decreased on-site property manager payroll, utility expense and centralized management costs. The increase in net operating income of $104.6 million for the non-same store facilities is due primarily to the impact of facilities acquired in 2023.
Funds from Operations and Core Funds from Operations

Funds from Operations (“FFO”) and FFO per share are non-GAAP measures defined by Nareit. We believe that FFO and FFO per share are useful to REIT investors and analysts in measuring our performance because Nareit’s definition of FFO excludes items included in net income that do not relate to or are not indicative of our operating and financial performance. FFO represents net income before real estate-related depreciation and amortization, which is excluded because it is based upon historical costs and assumes that building values diminish ratably over time, while we believe that real estate values fluctuate due to market conditions. FFO also excludes gains or losses on sale of real estate assets and real estate impairment charges, which are also based upon historical costs and are impacted by historical depreciation. FFO and FFO per share are not a substitute for net income or earnings per share. FFO is not a substitute for net cash flow in evaluating our liquidity or ability to pay dividends, because it excludes investing and financing activities presented on our consolidated statements of cash flows. In addition, other REITs may compute these measures differently, so comparisons among REITs may not be helpful.
For the three months ended September 30, 2024, FFO was $3.80 per diluted common share as compared to $4.58 for the same period in 2023, representing a decrease of 17.0%, or $0.78 per diluted common share.
26

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, FFO was $12.34 per diluted common share as compared to $12.82 per diluted common share for the same period in 2023, representing a decrease of 3.7%, or $0.48 per diluted common share.
We also present “Core FFO” and “Core FFO per share” non-GAAP measures that represent FFO and FFO per share excluding the impact of (i) foreign currency exchange gains and losses, (ii) charges related to the redemption of preferred securities, and (iii) certain other non-cash and/or nonrecurring income or expense items primarily representing, with respect to the periods presented below, the impact of loss contingencies and resolutions, casualties, due diligence costs incurred in pursuit of strategic transactions, unrealized gain on private equity investments, UPREIT reorganization costs, Simply integration costs, amortization of acquired non real estate-related intangibles, and our equity share of deferred tax benefits of a change in tax status, unrealized gain on derivatives and Lok’nStore integration costs from our equity investee. We review Core FFO and Core FFO per share to evaluate our ongoing operating performance and we believe they are used by investors and REIT analysts in a similar manner. However, Core FFO and Core FFO per share are not substitutes for net income and net income per share. Because other REITs may not compute Core FFO or Core FFO per share in the same manner as we do, may not use the same terminology or may not present such measures, Core FFO and Core FFO per share may not be comparable among REITs.
27

The following table reconciles net income to FFO and Core FFO and reconciles diluted earnings per share to FFO per share and Core FFO per share:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20242023Percentage Change20242023Percentage Change
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Reconciliation of Net Income to FFO and Core FFO:
Net income allocable to common shareholders$380,712 $563,237 (32.4)%$1,308,287 $1,559,084 (16.1)%
Eliminate items excluded from FFO:
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization277,652 237,098 839,749 677,856 
Real estate-related depreciation from unconsolidated real estate investment12,013 8,457 31,531 26,141 
Real estate-related depreciation allocated to noncontrolling interests and restricted share unitholders and unvested LTIP unitholders(2,192)(1,612)(5,904)(4,817)
Gains on sale of real estate investments, including our equity share from investment(554)(167)(1,428)(239)
FFO allocable to common shares$667,631 $807,013 (17.3)%$2,172,235 $2,258,025 (3.8)%
Eliminate the impact of items excluded from Core FFO, including our equity share from investment:
Foreign currency exchange loss (gain)70,572 (47,880)20,580 (19,924)
Other items40 3,804 1,291 (2,422)
Core FFO allocable to common shares$738,243 $762,937 (3.2)%$2,194,106 $2,235,679 (1.9)%
Reconciliation of Diluted Earnings per Share to FFO per Share and Core FFO per Share:
Diluted earnings per share$2.16 $3.20 (32.5)%$7.43 $8.85 (16.0)%
Eliminate amounts per share excluded from FFO:
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization1.64 1.38 4.92 3.97 
Gains on sale of real estate investments, including our equity share from investment— — (0.01)— 
FFO per share $3.80 $4.58 (17.0)%$12.34 $12.82 (3.7)%
Eliminate the per share impact of items excluded from Core FFO, including our equity share from investment:
Foreign currency exchange loss (gain)0.40 (0.27)0.11 (0.11)
Other items— 0.02 0.01 (0.02)
Core FFO per share $4.20 $4.33 (3.0)%$12.46 $12.69 (1.8)%
Diluted weighted average common shares175,866 176,150 176,074 176,170 
Analysis of Net Income — Self-Storage Operations
Our self-storage operations are analyzed in four groups: (i) the 2,507 facilities that we have owned and operated on a stabilized basis since January 1, 2022 (the “Same Store Facilities”), (ii) 243 facilities we acquired since January 1, 2022 (the “Acquired Facilities”), (iii) 127 facilities that have been newly developed or expanded, or that will commence expansion by December 31, 2024 (the “Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities”), and (iv) 176 other facilities, which are otherwise not stabilized with respect to occupancies or rental rates since January 1, 2022 (the “Other Non-same Store Facilities”). See Note 13 to our September 30, 2024 consolidated financial statements “Segment Information,” for a reconciliation of the amounts in the tables below to our total net income.
28

Self-Storage Operations 
SummaryThree Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20242023Percentage Change20242023Percentage Change
 (Dollar amounts and square footage in thousands)
Revenues:
Same Store Facilities$926,315 $938,572 (1.3)%$2,761,061 $2,782,502 (0.8)%
Acquired Facilities61,116 23,683 158.1 %179,313 48,895 266.7 %
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities58,135 53,758 8.1 %167,152 154,492 8.2 %
Other Non-Same Store Facilities64,549 62,708 2.9 %188,370 181,136 4.0 %
1,110,115 1,078,721 2.9 %3,295,896 3,167,025 4.1 %
Cost of operations:
Same Store Facilities226,704 220,931 2.6 %678,438 659,861 2.8 %
Acquired Facilities20,871 8,233 153.5 %61,011 19,660 210.3 %
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities18,364 16,311 12.6 %54,649 47,712 14.5 %
Other Non-Same Store Facilities21,496 22,310 (3.6)%64,252 66,845 (3.9)%
287,435 267,785 7.3 %858,350 794,078 8.1 %
Net operating income (a):
Same Store Facilities699,611 717,641 (2.5)%2,082,623 2,122,641 (1.9)%
Acquired Facilities40,245 15,450 160.5 %118,302 29,235 304.7 %
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities39,771 37,447 6.2 %112,503 106,780 5.4 %
Other Non-Same Store Facilities43,053 40,398 6.6 %124,118 114,291 8.6 %
Total net operating income 822,680 810,936 1.4 %2,437,546 2,372,947 2.7 %
Depreciation and amortization expense:
Same Store Facilities170,616 165,465 3.1 %511,656 487,326 5.0 %
Acquired Facilities57,393 23,778 141.4 %181,615 46,591 289.8 %
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities17,484 13,990 25.0 %50,734 40,672 24.7 %
Other Non-Same Store Facilities34,837 35,515 (1.9)%104,870 107,942 (2.8)%
Total depreciation and amortization expense280,330 238,748 17.4 %848,875 682,531 24.4 %
Net income (loss):
Same Store Facilities528,995 552,176 (4.2)%1,570,967 1,635,315 (3.9)%
Acquired Facilities(17,148)(8,328)105.9 %(63,313)(17,356)264.8 %
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities22,287 23,457 (5.0)%61,769 66,108 (6.6)%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities8,216 4,883 68.3 %19,248 6,349 203.2 %
Total net income$542,350 $572,188 (5.2)%$1,588,671 $1,690,416 (6.0)%
Number of facilities at period end:
Same Store Facilities2,507 2,507 — %
Acquired Facilities243 227 7.0 %
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities127 118 7.6 %
Other Non-Same Store Facilities176 176 — %
3,053 3,028 0.8 %
Net rentable square footage at period end:
Same Store Facilities169,959 169,959 — %
Acquired Facilities17,150 16,036 6.9 %
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities15,349 13,230 16.0 %
Other Non-Same Store Facilities17,051 17,277 (1.3)%
219,509 216,502 1.4 %
29

(a)Net operating income or “NOI” is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes the impact of depreciation and amortization expense, which is based upon historical real estate costs and assumes that building values diminish ratably over time, while we believe that real estate values fluctuate due to market conditions. We utilize NOI in determining current property values, evaluating property performance, and evaluating property operating trends. We believe that investors and analysts utilize NOI in a similar manner. NOI is not a substitute for net income, operating cash flow, or other related financial measures, in evaluating our operating results. See Note 13 to our September 30, 2024 consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of NOI to our total net income for all periods presented.
Same Store Facilities

The Same Store Facilities consist of facilities we have owned and operated on a stabilized level of occupancy, revenues, and cost of operations since January 1, 2022. Our Same Store Facilities did not change from June 30, 2024. The composition of our Same Store Facilities allows us more effectively to evaluate the ongoing performance of our self-storage portfolio in 2022, 2023, and 2024 and exclude the impact of fill-up of unstabilized facilities, which can significantly affect operating trends. We believe investors and analysts use Same Store Facilities information in a similar manner. However, because other REITs may not compute Same Store Facilities in the same manner as we do, may not use the same terminology or may not present such a measure, Same Store Facilities may not be comparable among REITs.

The following table summarizes the historical operating results (for all periods presented) of these 2,507 facilities (170.0 million net rentable square feet) that represent approximately 77% of the aggregate net rentable square feet of our U.S. consolidated self-storage portfolio at September 30, 2024. It includes various measures and detail that we do not include in the analysis of the developed, acquired, and other non-same store facilities, due to the relative magnitude and importance of the Same Store Facilities relative to our other self-storage facilities.

30

Selected Operating Data for the Same Store Facilities (2,507 facilities)

 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20242023Change (e)20242023Change (e)
 (Dollar amounts in thousands, except for per square foot data)
Revenues (a):
Rental income $894,123 $906,280 (1.3)%$2,666,474 $2,688,604 (0.8)%
Late charges and administrative fees32,192 32,292 (0.3)%94,587 93,898 0.7%
Total revenues926,315 938,572 (1.3)%2,761,061 2,782,502 (0.8)%
Direct cost of operations (a):
Property taxes86,902 86,282 0.7%266,408 256,227 4.0%
On-site property manager payroll32,039 33,833 (5.3)%99,273 102,885 (3.5)%
Repairs and maintenance 18,813 15,947 18.0%57,141 50,844 12.4%
Utilities 13,316 13,407 (0.7)%36,451 38,231 (4.7)%
Marketing21,920 19,528 12.2%63,360 52,239 21.3%
Other direct property costs27,546 24,284 13.4%76,413 72,968 4.7%
Total direct cost of operations200,536 193,281 3.8%599,046 573,394 4.5%
Direct net operating income (b)725,779 745,291 (2.6)%2,162,015 2,209,108 (2.1)%
Indirect cost of operations (a):
Supervisory payroll(9,940)(9,980)(0.4)%(30,091)(31,441)(4.3)%
Centralized management costs(13,857)(15,126)(8.4)%(41,785)(46,159)(9.5)%
Share-based compensation(2,371)(2,544)(6.8)%(7,516)(8,867)(15.2)%
Net operating income699,611 717,641 (2.5)%2,082,623 2,122,641 (1.9)%
Depreciation and amortization expense(170,616)(165,465)3.1%(511,656)(487,326)5.0%
Net income$528,995 $552,176 (4.2)%$1,570,967 $1,635,315 (3.9)%
Gross margin (before indirect costs, depreciation and amortization expense)78.4%79.4%(1.0)%78.3%79.4%(1.1)%
Gross margin (before depreciation and amortization expense)75.5%76.5%(1.0)%75.4%76.3%(0.9)%
Weighted average for the period:
Square foot occupancy 92.7%93.2%(0.5)%92.6%93.2%(0.6)%
Realized annual rental income per (c):
Occupied square foot$22.71$22.89(0.8)%$22.59$22.64(0.2)%
Available square foot$21.06$21.33(1.3)%$20.92$21.10(0.9)%
At September 30:
Square foot occupancy91.4%91.9%(0.5)%
Annual contract rent per occupied square foot (d)$23.04$23.16(0.5)%
31

(a)Revenues and cost of operations do not include tenant reinsurance and merchandise sale revenues and expenses generated at the facilities. See “Ancillary Operations” below for more information.
(b)Direct net operating income (“Direct NOI”), a subtotal within NOI, is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes the impact of supervisory payroll, centralized management costs, and share-based compensation in addition to depreciation and amortization expense. We utilize direct net operating income in evaluating property performance and in evaluating property operating trends as compared to our competitors.
(c)Realized annual rent per occupied square foot is computed by dividing rental income, before late charges and administrative fees, by the weighted average occupied square feet for the period. Realized annual rent per available square foot (“REVPAF”) is computed by dividing rental income, before late charges and administrative fees, by the total available net rentable square feet for the period. These measures exclude late charges and administrative fees in order to provide a better measure of our ongoing level of revenue. Late charges are dependent upon the level of delinquency, and administrative fees are dependent upon the level of move-ins. In addition, the rates charged for late charges and administrative fees can vary independently from rental rates. These measures take into consideration promotional discounts, which reduce rental income.
(d)Annual contract rent represents the agreed upon monthly rate that is paid by our tenants in place at the time of measurement. Contract rates are initially set in the lease agreement upon move-in, and we adjust them from time to time with notice. Contract rent excludes other fees that are charged on a per-item basis, such as late charges and administrative fees, does not reflect the impact of promotional discounts, and does not reflect the impact of rents that are written off as uncollectible.
(e)Represents the absolute nominal change with respect to gross margin and square foot occupancy, and the percentage change with respect to all other items.
Analysis of Same Store Revenue
We believe a balanced occupancy and rate strategy maximizes our revenues over time. We regularly adjust rental rates and promotional discounts offered (generally, “$1.00 rent for the first month”), as well as our marketing efforts to maximize revenue from new tenants to replace tenants that vacate.
We typically increase rental rates to our long-term tenants (generally, those who have been with us for at least a year) every six to twelve months. As a result, the number of long-term tenants we have in our facilities is an important factor in our revenue growth. The level of rate increases to long-term tenants is based upon evaluating the additional revenue from the increase against the negative impact of incremental move-outs, by considering customers’ in-place rent and prevailing market rents, among other factors.
Revenues generated by our Same Store Facilities decreased 1.3% and 0.8% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023. The 1.3% decrease in the three months ended September 30, 2024 was due primarily to a 0.8% decrease in realized annual rent per occupied square foot and a 0.5% decrease in average occupancy, as compared to the same period in 2023. The 0.8% decrease in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was due primarily to a 0.6% decrease in average occupancy and a 0.2% decrease in realized annual rent per occupied square foot, as compared to the same period in 2023.
The decrease in realized annual rent per occupied square foot in the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 was due to a decrease in average rates per square foot charged to new tenants moving in over the past twelve months, partially offset by cumulative rate increases to existing long-term tenants over the same period. At September 30, 2024, annual contract rent per occupied square foot was 0.5% lower as compared to September 30, 2023.
The weighted average square foot occupancy for our Same Store Facilities was 92.7% and 92.6% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, representing a decrease of 0.5% and 0.6% as compared to the same periods in 2023. Occupancy levels have gradually declined since the second half of 2022 as customer demand softened. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we lowered move-in rental rates and increased advertising spending to stimulate move-in activity at our facilities, as compared to the same periods in 2023.
Move-out activities from our tenants were relatively flat in the three months ended September 30, 2024 and lower in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same periods in 2023. Average length of stay for tenants remained strong during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, which supported revenue growth from existing long-term tenants.
32

Selected Key Move-in and Move-Out Statistical Data
The following table sets forth average annual contract rent per square foot and total square footage for tenants moving in and moving out during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Contract rents gained from move-ins and contracts rents lost from move-outs included in the table assume move-in and move-out activities occur at the beginning of each period presented. The table also includes promotional discounts, which vary based upon the move-in contractual rates, move-in volume, and percentage of tenants moving in who receive the discount.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023Change20242023Change
(Amounts in thousands, except for per square foot amounts)
Tenants moving in during the period:
Average annual contract rent per square foot$14.45 $15.96 (9.5)%$13.99 $16.15 (13.4)%
Square footage 30,760 31,105 (1.1)%91,287 92,226 (1.0)%
Contract rents gained from move-ins$111,121 $124,109 (10.5)%$957,829 $1,117,087 (14.3)%
Promotional discounts given$18,710 $16,354 14.4%$45,797 $51,241 (10.6)%
Tenants moving out during the period:
Average annual contract rent per square foot$20.81 $21.48 (3.1)%$20.84 $21.25 (1.9)%
Square footage 32,864 32,842 0.1%91,010 92,140 (1.2)%
Contract rents lost from move-outs$170,975 $176,362 (3.1)%$1,422,486 $1,468,481 (3.1)%
Industry-wide demand was weaker in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 partially due to lower home-moving activities offset by increases in customers who sought storage space for other reasons. Demand fluctuates due to various local and regional factors, including the overall economy, as well as new supply of self-storage space and alternatives to self-storage.
We expect weaker industry-wide demand in the remainder of 2024 as compared to 2023, but with an improvement in the year-over-year decline in demand in the remainder of 2024 as compared to the first nine months of 2024. We plan to mitigate the effect of lower industry-wide demand to our facilities by continuing to support new customer move-ins with increased marketing expense, lower rental rates to new customers, and increased promotional discounting. As a result, we expect a moderate decline in Same Store Facilities revenues in 2024 as compared to those earned in 2023.
Late Charges and Administrative Fees
Late charges and administrative fees stayed relatively flat for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and increased 0.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023. The year-over-year increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was due primarily to higher late charges and lien fees collected on delinquent accounts. Delinquency rates remained at similar levels for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023.
33

Analysis of Same Store Cost of Operations
Cost of operations (excluding depreciation and amortization) increased 2.6% and 2.8% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023. The increase during the three-month period is due primarily to increased repair and maintenance expense, marketing expense, and other direct property costs, partially offset by decreased on-site property manager payroll. The increase during the nine-month period is due primarily to increased property tax expense, repair and maintenance expense, and marketing expense, partially offset by decreased on-site property manager payroll, utility expense and centralized management costs.
Property tax expense increased 0.7% and 4.0% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023, as a result of higher assessed values. We expect property tax expense to grow 4% to 5% in 2024 due primarily to higher assessed values.
On-site property manager payroll expense decreased 5.3% and 3.5% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily due to reduction in labor hours driven by revisions in operational processes. We expect on-site property manager payroll expense to decrease moderately in 2024 as compared to 2023 as we continue to enhance operational processes.
Repairs and maintenance expense increased 18.0% and 12.4% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023. Repairs and maintenance expense levels are dependent upon many factors such as (i) damage and equipment malfunctions, (ii) short-term local supply and demand factors for material and labor, and (iii) weather conditions, which can impact costs such as snow removal, roof repairs, and HVAC maintenance and repairs.
Our utility expense consists primarily of electricity costs, which are dependent upon energy prices and usage levels. Changes in usage levels are driven primarily by weather and temperature. Utility expense decreased 0.7% and 4.7% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023, due primarily to our investment in energy saving technology such as solar power and LED lights, which generate favorable returns on investment in the form of lower utility usage. We expect a decline in utility expense in 2024 as compared to 2023 as we continue our investment in solar power.
Marketing expense includes Internet advertising we utilize through our online paid search programs, television advertising and the operating costs of our website and telephone reservation center. Internet advertising expense, comprising keyword search fees assessed on a “per click” basis, varies based upon demand for self-storage space, the quantity of people inquiring about self-storage through online search, occupancy levels, the number and aggressiveness of bidding competitors, and other factors. These factors are volatile; accordingly, Internet advertising can increase or decrease significantly in the short-term. We increased marketing expense by 12.2% and 21.3% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily by utilizing a higher volume of online paid search programs to attract new tenants. We plan to continue to use internet advertising and other advertising channels to support move-in volumes in the remainder of 2024.
Other direct property costs include administrative expenses specific to each self-storage facility, such as property loss, telephone and data communication lines, business license costs, bank charges related to processing the facilities’ cash receipts, tenant mailings, credit card fees, eviction costs, and the cost of operating each property’s rental office. These costs increased 13.4% and 4.7% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily due to increased property loss and restoration expenses.
Centralized management costs represent administrative and cash compensation expenses for shared general corporate functions to the extent their efforts are devoted to self-storage operations. Such functions include information technology support, hardware, and software, as well as centralized administration of payroll, benefits, training, repairs and maintenance, customer service, pricing and marketing, operational accounting and finance, legal costs, and costs from field management executives. Centralized management costs decreased 8.4% and 9.5% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily driven by achievement of economies of scale from recent acquisitions with centralized management costs allocated over a broader number of self-storage facilities including non-same store facilities.
34

Analysis of Market Trends
The following tables set forth selected market trends in our Same Store Facilities:
Same Store Facilities Operating Trends by Market
 
As of September 30, 2024
Three Months Ended September 30,
 Number
of
Facilities		Square
Feet
(millions)		Realized Rent per
Occupied Square Foot		Average OccupancyRealized Rent per
Available Square Foot
 20242023Change (a)20242023Change (a)20242023Change (a)
Los Angeles 21815.9$36.51 $36.30 0.6 %94.1 %95.0 %(0.9)%$34.35 $34.49 (0.4)%
San Francisco 1308.133.20 32.52 2.1 %94.1 %94.3 %(0.2)%31.24 30.67 1.9 %
New York 916.732.48 32.28 0.6 %93.8 %93.7 %0.1 %30.47 30.25 0.7 %
Washington DC 1097.327.10 26.85 0.9 %93.7 %92.4 %1.3 %25.40 24.81 2.4 %
Miami 876.330.19 30.39 (0.7)%92.8 %93.5 %(0.7)%28.02 28.41 (1.4)%
Dallas-Ft. Worth 1309.718.32 18.54 (1.2)%89.4 %91.5 %(2.1)%16.38 16.96 (3.4)%
Seattle-Tacoma 926.325.93 26.05 (0.5)%93.2 %92.9 %0.3 %24.17 24.20 (0.1)%
Houston 1179.216.94 16.97 (0.2)%92.6 %92.2 %0.4 %15.69 15.65 0.3 %
Chicago 1318.320.66 20.39 1.3 %93.6 %94.0 %(0.4)%19.34 19.17 0.9 %
Atlanta 1077.117.06 18.03 (5.4)%89.1 %91.6 %(2.5)%15.20 16.52 (8.0)%
Orlando-Daytona 694.418.77 19.85 (5.4)%92.2 %93.0 %(0.8)%17.30 18.46 (6.3)%
West Palm Beach 413.126.22 26.99 (2.9)%91.9 %93.0 %(1.1)%24.09 25.10 (4.0)%
Philadelphia 573.620.95 21.46 (2.4)%93.2 %93.4 %(0.2)%19.53 20.04 (2.5)%
Baltimore382.823.32 23.82 (2.1)%93.3 %91.7 %1.6 %21.76 21.84 (0.4)%
Charlotte554.216.00 16.44 (2.7)%91.8 %93.0 %(1.2)%14.69 15.29 (3.9)%
All other markets 1,03567.018.45 18.79 (1.8)%92.7 %93.2 %(0.5)%17.11 17.51 (2.3)%
Totals2,507170.0$22.71 $22.89 (0.8)%92.7 %93.2 %(0.5)%$21.06 $21.33 (1.3)%
(a) Represents the absolute nominal change with respect to square foot occupancy, and the percentage change with respect to all other items.
35

Same Store Facilities Operating Trends by Market (Continued)
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 Revenues ($000's)Direct Expenses ($000's)Indirect Expenses ($000's)Net Operating Income ($000's)
 20242023Change20242023Change20242023Change20242023Change
Los Angeles$139,687 $140,322 (0.5)%$18,953 $18,623 1.8 %$2,519 $2,832 (11.1)%$118,215 $118,867 (0.5)%
San Francisco64,118 63,053 1.7 %10,068 9,606 4.8 %1,406 1,413 (0.5)%52,644 52,034 1.2 %
New York52,576 52,134 0.8 %12,862 12,002 7.2 %1,050 1,134 (7.4)%38,664 38,998 (0.9)%
Washington DC47,911 46,807 2.4 %9,890 9,141 8.2 %1,225 1,231 (0.5)%36,796 36,435 1.0 %
Miami45,605 46,292 (1.5)%12,442 8,923 39.4 %949 986 (3.8)%32,214 36,383 (11.5)%
Dallas-Ft. Worth41,581 43,108 (3.5)%10,279 9,957 3.2 %1,246 1,371 (9.1)%30,056 31,780 (5.4)%
Seattle-Tacoma39,193 39,239 (0.1)%7,472 6,833 9.4 %964 947 1.8 %30,757 31,459 (2.2)%
Houston37,778 37,687 0.2 %9,945 10,989 (9.5)%1,174 1,234 (4.9)%26,659 25,464 4.7 %
Chicago41,576 41,151 1.0 %13,231 15,951 (17.1)%1,285 1,379 (6.8)%27,060 23,821 13.6 %
Atlanta28,483 30,807 (7.5)%7,195 6,549 9.9 %1,144 1,123 1.9 %20,144 23,135 (12.9)%
Orlando-Daytona19,807 21,099 (6.1)%4,114 4,286 (4.0)%726 768 (5.5)%14,967 16,045 (6.7)%
West Palm Beach19,107 19,938 (4.2)%3,875 4,036 (4.0)%463 500 (7.4)%14,769 15,402 (4.1)%
Philadelphia18,590 19,046 (2.4)%4,678 4,221 10.8 %609 589 3.4 %13,303 14,236 (6.6)%
Baltimore16,139 16,187 (0.3)%3,359 3,221 4.3 %375 391 (4.1)%12,405 12,575 (1.4)%
Charlotte15,995 16,640 (3.9)%3,370 3,175 6.1 %518 509 1.8 %12,107 12,956 (6.6)%
All other markets 298,169 305,062 (2.3)%68,803 65,768 4.6 %10,515 11,243 (6.5)%218,851 228,051 (4.0)%
Totals$926,315 $938,572 (1.3)%$200,536 $193,281 3.8 %$26,168 $27,650 (5.4)%$699,611 $717,641 (2.5)%


36

Same Store Facilities Operating Trends by Market (Continued)
 
As of September 30, 2024
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 Number
of
Facilities		Square
Feet
(millions)		Realized Rent per
Occupied Square Foot		Average OccupancyRealized Rent per
Available Square Foot
 20242023Change (a)20242023Change (a)20242023Change (a)
Los Angeles 21815.9$36.04 $35.73 0.9 %94.8 %95.4 %(0.6)%$34.17 $34.09 0.2 %
San Francisco 1308.132.55 32.29 0.8 %94.6 %94.2 %0.4 %30.79 30.42 1.2 %
New York 916.732.19 32.05 0.4 %93.8 %93.2 %0.6 %30.19 29.87 1.1 %
Washington DC 1097.326.81 26.57 0.9 %93.0 %91.7 %1.3 %24.93 24.36 2.3 %
Miami 876.329.92 30.09 (0.6)%93.3 %93.5 %(0.2)%27.92 28.13 (0.7)%
Dallas-Ft. Worth 1309.718.27 18.13 0.8 %89.7 %92.0 %(2.3)%16.39 16.68 (1.7)%
Seattle-Tacoma 926.325.49 25.91 (1.6)%93.1 %92.5 %0.6 %23.73 23.97 (1.0)%
Houston 1179.216.90 16.70 1.2 %91.8 %91.9 %(0.1)%15.52 15.35 1.1 %
Chicago 1318.320.49 20.17 1.6 %93.1 %93.1 %— %19.08 18.78 1.6 %
Atlanta 1077.117.49 17.94 (2.5)%88.2 %91.5 %(3.3)%15.43 16.42 (6.0)%
Orlando-Daytona 694.418.87 19.72 (4.3)%91.8 %93.9 %(2.1)%17.33 18.52 (6.4)%
West Palm Beach 413.126.12 26.65 (2.0)%92.5 %93.5 %(1.0)%24.16 24.92 (3.0)%
Philadelphia 573.621.05 21.47 (2.0)%92.9 %93.1 %(0.2)%19.56 19.99 (2.2)%
Baltimore382.823.32 23.72 (1.7)%92.7 %91.3 %1.4 %21.62 21.66 (0.2)%
Charlotte554.216.03 16.20 (1.0)%91.5 %93.2 %(1.7)%14.66 15.10 (2.9)%
All other markets 1,03567.018.40 18.58 (1.0)%92.7 %93.3 %(0.6)%17.05 17.34 (1.7)%
Totals2,507170.0$22.59 $22.64 (0.2)%92.6 %93.2 %(0.6)%$20.92 $21.10 (0.9)%
(a) Represents the absolute nominal change with respect to square foot occupancy, and the percentage change with respect to all other items.

37

Same Store Facilities Operating Trends by Market (Continued)
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 Revenues ($000's)Direct Expenses ($000's)Indirect Expenses ($000's)Net Operating Income ($000's)
 20242023
Change
20242023
Change
20242023
Change
20242023
Change
Los Angeles$416,823 $415,930 0.2 %$56,097 $54,300 3.3 %$7,889 $8,479 (7.0)%$352,837 $353,151 (0.1)%
San Francisco189,735 187,654 1.1 %30,770 29,339 4.9 %4,179 4,473 (6.6)%154,786 153,842 0.6 %
New York156,058 154,189 1.2 %38,747 36,545 6.0 %3,241 3,628 (10.7)%114,070 114,016 — %
Washington DC140,979 137,799 2.3 %28,365 27,280 4.0 %3,765 3,802 (1.0)%108,849 106,717 2.0 %
Miami136,366 137,447 (0.8)%30,646 25,114 22.0 %2,856 3,123 (8.5)%102,864 109,210 (5.8)%
Dallas-Ft. Worth124,835 127,247 (1.9)%30,664 29,663 3.4 %3,673 4,230 (13.2)%90,498 93,354 (3.1)%
Seattle-Tacoma115,469 116,598 (1.0)%23,018 20,770 10.8 %2,926 3,030 (3.4)%89,525 92,798 (3.5)%
Houston112,041 110,955 1.0 %29,965 31,456 (4.7)%3,535 3,820 (7.5)%78,541 75,679 3.8 %
Chicago122,803 120,873 1.6 %48,080 48,467 (0.8)%3,943 4,210 (6.3)%70,780 68,196 3.8 %
Atlanta86,479 91,692 (5.7)%21,029 19,341 8.7 %3,369 3,586 (6.1)%62,081 68,765 (9.7)%
Orlando-Daytona59,469 63,453 (6.3)%12,640 12,299 2.8 %2,213 2,432 (9.0)%44,616 48,722 (8.4)%
West Palm Beach57,451 59,323 (3.2)%12,722 12,307 3.4 %1,486 1,607 (7.5)%43,243 45,409 (4.8)%
Philadelphia55,836 56,934 (1.9)%13,409 12,523 7.1 %1,759 1,951 (9.8)%40,668 42,460 (4.2)%
Baltimore48,084 48,125 (0.1)%9,648 9,238 4.4 %1,177 1,237 (4.9)%37,259 37,650 (1.0)%
Charlotte47,898 49,233 (2.7)%9,595 9,210 4.2 %1,567 1,666 (5.9)%36,736 38,357 (4.2)%
All other markets 890,735 905,050 (1.6)%203,651 195,542 4.1 %31,814 35,193 (9.6)%655,270 674,315 (2.8)%
Totals$2,761,061 $2,782,502 (0.8)%$599,046 $573,394 4.5 %$79,392 $86,467 (8.2)%$2,082,623 $2,122,641 (1.9)%
38

Acquired Facilities
The Acquired Facilities represent 243 facilities that we acquired in 2022, 2023, and 2024. As a result of the stabilization process and timing of when these facilities were acquired, year-over-year changes can be significant. The following table summarizes operating data with respect to the Acquired Facilities:
ACQUIRED FACILITIES Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023Change (a)20242023Change (a)
($ amounts in thousands, except for per square foot amounts)
Revenues (b):
2022 Acquisitions
$14,155$13,061$1,094$41,177$36,857$4,320
2023 Acquisitions
46,37510,62235,753137,48812,038125,450
2024 Acquisitions
586—586648—648
    Total revenues 61,11623,68337,433179,31348,895130,418
Cost of operations (b):
2022 Acquisitions
5,1045,304(200)15,35016,166(816)
2023 Acquisitions
15,1032,92912,17444,8763,49441,382
2024 Acquisitions
664—664785—785
    Total cost of operations 20,8718,23312,63861,01119,66041,351
Net operating income:
2022 Acquisitions
9,0517,7571,29425,82720,6915,136
2023 Acquisitions
31,2727,69323,57992,6128,54484,068
2024 Acquisitions
(78)—(78)(137)—(137)
    Net operating income 40,24515,45024,795118,30229,23589,067
Depreciation and amortization expense(57,393)(23,778)(33,615)(181,615)(46,591)(135,024)
   Net loss$(17,148)$(8,328)$(8,820)$(63,313)$(17,356)$(45,957)
At September 30:
Square foot occupancy:
2022 Acquisitions
86.3%84.4%1.9%
2023 Acquisitions
87.6%85.2%2.4%
2024 Acquisitions
63.2%—%—%
86.8%85.0%1.8%
Annual contract rent per occupied square foot:
2022 Acquisitions
$13.53$13.023.9%
2023 Acquisitions
17.0816.294.8%
2024 Acquisitions
10.93——%
$16.00$15.344.3%
Number of facilities:
2022 Acquisitions
7474—
2023 Acquisitions
16415311
2024 Acquisitions
5—5
24322716
Net rentable square feet (in thousands):
2022 Acquisitions
4,7404,740—
2023 Acquisitions
12,06711,296771
2024 Acquisitions
343—343
17,15016,0361,114
39

ACQUIRED FACILITIES (Continued)
As of
September 30, 2024
Costs to acquire (in thousands):  
2022 Acquisitions
$730,957
2023 Acquisitions
2,674,840
2024 Acquisitions
46,280
 $3,452,077
(a)Represents the percentage change with respect to annual contract rent per occupied square foot, and the absolute nominal change with respect to all other items.
(b)Revenues and cost of operations do not include tenant reinsurance and merchandise sale revenues and expenses generated at the facilities. See “Ancillary Operations” below for more information.
We have been active in acquiring facilities in recent years. Since the beginning of 2022, we acquired a total of 243 facilities with 17.2 million net rentable square feet for $3.5 billion. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, these facilities contributed net operating income of $40.2 million and $118.3 million, respectively.
During 2023, we acquired BREIT Simply Storage LLC (“Simply”), a self-storage company that owned and operated 127 self-storage facilities (9.4 million square feet) and managed 25 self-storage facilities (1.8 million square feet) for third parties, for a purchase price of $2.2 billion in cash. Included in the acquisition results in the table above are the Simply portfolio self-storage revenues of $113.9 million, NOI of $77.9 million (including Direct NOI of $81.9 million), and average square footage occupancy of 87.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
We remain active in seeking to acquire additional self-storage facilities. Future acquisition volume is likely to be impacted by cost of capital and overall macro-economic uncertainties. Subsequent to September 30, 2024, we acquired or were under contract to acquire 14 self-storage facilities across nine states with 1.2 million net rentable square feet, for $181.2 million.
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities
The Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities include 43 facilities that were developed on new sites since January 1, 2019, and 84 facilities expanded to increase their net rentable square footage. Of these expansions, 64 were completed before 2023, 15 were completed in 2023 or 2024, and five are currently in process at September 30, 2024. The following table summarizes operating data with respect to the Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities:
40

NEWLY DEVELOPED AND EXPANDED FACILITIES
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023Change (a)20242023Change (a)
($ amounts in thousands, except for per square foot amounts)
Revenues (b):
Developed in 2019$4,605$4,672$(67)$13,523$13,588$(65)
Developed in 20201,8481,912(64)5,5655,743(178)
Developed in 20213,0592,8881718,8028,254548
Developed in 20222,6312,0316007,3774,7142,663
Developed in 20231,8113071,5044,0434703,573
Developed in 2024296—296349—349
Expansions completed before 202335,54134,724817104,589100,9053,684
Expansions completed in 2023 or 20246,0944,2601,83416,26812,0584,210
Expansions in process2,2502,964(714)6,6368,760(2,124)
     Total revenues 58,13553,7584,377167,152154,49212,660
Cost of operations (b):
Developed in 20191,7181,4772414,7114,438273
Developed in 2020528493351,4381,36771
Developed in 202192091192,7832,75330
Developed in 20228121,030(218)2,8792,975(96)
Developed in 20231,2643439213,6628382,824
Developed in 2024282—282395—395
Expansions completed before 202310,06910,189(120)30,78930,053736
Expansions completed in 2023 or 20242,3911,3531,0386,7973,6893,108
Expansions in process380515(135)1,1951,599(404)
     Total cost of operations 18,36416,3112,05354,64947,7126,937
Net operating income (loss):
Developed in 20192,8873,195(308)8,8129,150(338)
Developed in 20201,3201,419(99)4,1274,376(249)
Developed in 20212,1391,9771626,0195,501518
Developed in 20221,8191,0018184,4981,7392,759
Developed in 2023547(36)583381(368)749
Developed in 202414—14(46)—(46)
Expansions completed before 202325,47224,53593773,80070,8522,948
Expansions completed in 2023 or 20243,7032,9077969,4718,3691,102
Expansions in process1,8702,449(579)5,4417,161(1,720)
     Net operating income 39,77137,4472,324112,503106,7805,723
Depreciation and amortization expense(17,484)(13,990)(3,494)(50,734)(40,672)(10,062)
     Net income$22,287$23,457 $(1,170)$61,769$66,108 $(4,339)


41

NEWLY DEVELOPED AND EXPANDED FACILITIES (Continued)
 
As of September 30,
 20242023Change (a)
 ($ amounts in thousands, except for per square foot amounts)
Square foot occupancy:     
Developed in 201986.0%87.0%(1.0)%
Developed in 202090.7%91.7%(1.0)%
Developed in 202178.4%86.7%(8.3)%
Developed in 202286.6%79.8%6.8%
Developed in 202368.7%37.2%31.5%
Developed in 202445.7%—%—%
Expansions completed before 202387.7%86.4%1.3%
Expansions completed in 2023 or 202460.1%75.4%(15.3)%
Expansions in process92.2%92.5%(0.3)%
81.3%83.9%(2.6)%
Annual contract rent per occupied square foot:
Developed in 2019$18.53$19.08(2.9)%
Developed in 202022.0422.95(4.0)%
Developed in 202119.9219.243.5%
Developed in 202217.3315.6210.9%
Developed in 202310.229.814.2%
Developed in 20249.67——%
Expansions completed before 202318.3618.39(0.2)%
Expansions completed in 2023 or 202420.8925.42(17.8)%
Expansions in process23.7326.02(8.8)%
 $18.27$19.10(4.3)%
Number of facilities: 
Developed in 20191111—
Developed in 202033—
Developed in 202166—
Developed in 202288—
Developed in 20231165
Developed in 20244—4
Expansions completed before 20236464—
Expansions completed in 2023 or 20241515—
Expansions in process55—
 1271189
Net rentable square feet (in thousands):     
Developed in 20191,0571,057—
Developed in 2020347347—
Developed in 2021 (d)76068179
Developed in 2022631631—
Developed in 20231,098595503
Developed in 2024389—389
Expansions completed before 20238,4898,47514
Expansions completed in 2023 or 20242,0559201,135
Expansions in process523524(1)
 15,34913,2302,119
42


 
As of
September 30, 2024
Costs to develop (in thousands): 
Developed in 2019$150,387
Developed in 202042,063
Developed in 2021 (d)128,435
Developed in 2022100,089
Developed in 2023193,766
Developed in 202472,964
Expansions completed before 2023 (c)543,636
Expansions completed in 2023 or 2024 (c)327,896
 $1,559,236
(a)Represents the percentage change with respect to annual contract rent per occupied square foot, and the absolute nominal change with respect to all other items.
(b)Revenues and cost of operations do not include tenant reinsurance and merchandise sales generated at the facilities. See “Ancillary Operations” below for more information.
(c)These amounts only include the direct cost incurred to expand and renovate these facilities, and do not include (i) the original cost to develop or acquire the facility or (ii) the lost revenue on space demolished during the construction and fill-up period.
(d)We have completed an expansion project on a facility developed in 2021 for $12.8 million, adding 79,000 net rentable square feet of storage space as of September 30, 2024.
Our Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities includes a total of 127 self-storage facilities of 15.3 million net rentable square feet. For development and expansions completed by September 30, 2024, we incurred a total cost of $1.6 billion. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities contributed net operating income of $39.8 million and $112.5 million, respectively.
It typically takes at least three to four years for a newly developed or expanded self-storage facility to stabilize with respect to revenues. Physical occupancy can be achieved as early as two to three years following completion of the development or expansion through offering lower rental rates during fill-up. As a result, even after achieving high occupancy, there can still be a period of elevated revenue growth as the tenant base matures and higher rental rates are achieved.
We believe that our development and redevelopment activities generate favorable risk-adjusted returns over the long run. However, in the short run, our earnings are diluted during the construction and stabilization period due to the cost of capital to fund the development cost, the related construction and development overhead expenses included in general and administrative expense, and the net operating loss from newly developed facilities undergoing fill-up.
We typically underwrite new developments to stabilize at approximately an 8.0% NOI yield on cost. Our developed facilities have thus far leased up as expected and are at various stages of their revenue stabilization periods. The actual annualized yields that we may achieve on these facilities upon stabilization will depend on many factors, including local and current market conditions in the vicinity of each property and the level of new and existing supply.
The facilities under “expansions completed” represent those facilities where the expansions have been completed at September 30, 2024. We incurred a total of $871.5 million in direct cost to expand these facilities, demolished a total of 1.1 million net rentable square feet of storage space, and built a total of 6.7 million net rentable square feet of new storage space.
At September 30, 2024, we had 23 additional facilities in development, which will have a total of 2.3 million net rentable square feet of storage space and have an aggregate development cost totaling approximately $426.7 million. We expect these facilities to open over the next 18 to 24 months.
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The facilities under “expansion in process” represent those facilities where construction is in process at September 30, 2024, and together with additional future expansion activities primarily related to our Same Store Facilities at September 30, 2024, we expect to add a total of 1.7 million net rentable square feet of storage space by expanding existing self-storage facilities for an aggregate direct development cost of $285.8 million.
Other Non-Same Store Facilities
The “Other Non-Same Store Facilities” represent facilities which, while not newly acquired, developed, or expanded, are not fully stabilized since January 1, 2022, including facilities undergoing fill-up as well as facilities damaged in casualty events such as hurricanes, floods, and fires.
The Other Non-Same Store Facilities have an aggregate of 17.1 million net rentable square feet at September 30, 2024. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the average occupancy for these facilities totaled 84.4% and 82.1%, respectively, as compared to 82.1% and 81.5% for the same periods in 2023, and the realized rent per occupied square foot totaled $17.20 and $17.17, respectively, as compared to $16.89 and $16.35 for the same periods in 2023.
Depreciation and amortization expense
Depreciation and amortization expense for Self-Storage Operations increased $41.6 million and $166.3 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily due to newly acquired facilities of $2.7 billion in 2023 and newly developed and expanded facilities in 2024.
Ancillary Operations
Ancillary revenues and expenses include amounts associated with the reinsurance of policies against losses to goods stored by tenants in our self-storage facilities, sale of merchandise at our self-storage facilities, and management of property owned by unrelated third parties. The following table sets forth our ancillary operations:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20242023Change20242023Change
 (Amounts in thousands)
Revenues:
Tenant reinsurance premiums $58,103$51,355$6,748$168,123$151,025$17,098
Merchandise 6,8946,999(105)20,76721,114(347)
Third party property management12,6466,7455,90133,40318,65814,745
Total revenues 77,64365,09912,544222,293190,79731,496
Cost of operations:
Tenant reinsurance 17,39010,3007,09041,96431,77110,193
Merchandise 4,2694,2472213,75912,947812
Third party property management12,6066,6125,99433,15418,31914,835
Total cost of operations 34,26521,15913,10688,87763,03725,840
Net operating income:
Tenant reinsurance 40,71341,055(342)126,159119,2546,905
Merchandise 2,6252,752(127)7,0088,167(1,159)
Third party property management40133(93)249339(90)
Total net operating income$43,378$43,940$(562)$133,416$127,760$5,656
44

Tenant reinsurance operations: Tenant reinsurance premium revenue increased $6.7 million or 13.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and increased $17.1 million or 11.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, in each case as compared to the same period in 2023, as a result of an increase in our tenant base with respect to acquired, newly developed, and expanded facilities and the third party properties we manage, as well as higher insurance coverage in our tenant base at our same store facilities. Tenant reinsurance premium revenue generated from tenants at our Same Store Facilities were $43.1 million and $127.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to $41.1 million and $122.1 million for the same periods in 2023, representing an increase of 4.9% and 4.0%, respectively.
Cost of operations primarily includes claims paid as well as claims adjustment expenses. Claims expenses vary based upon the number of insured tenants and the volume of events that drive covered customer losses, such as burglary, as well as catastrophic weather events affecting multiple properties such as hurricanes and floods. Tenant reinsurance cost of operations increased $7.1 million and $10.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily due to increased claim volumes and expenses related to flooding and burglary events as well as increased access fees we paid to the third-party owners of properties we manage driven by the significant growth of our third-party property management program.
We expect future growth of tenant reinsurance operations will come primarily from customers of newly acquired and developed facilities.
Third-party property management: At September 30, 2024, in our third-party property management program, we managed 280 facilities (21.0 million net rentable square feet) for unrelated third parties, and were under contract to manage 108 additional facilities (9.3 million net rentable square feet) including 105 facilities that are currently under construction. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we added 79 facilities to the program, acquired one facility from the program, and had 14 facilities exit the program. While we expect this business to increase in scope and size, we do not expect any significant changes in overall profitability of this business in the near term as we seek new properties to manage and are in the earlier stages of fill-up for newly managed properties.
Analysis of items not allocated to segments
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate entity
We account for our equity investment in Shurgard using the equity method and record our pro-rata share of its net income. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized equity in earnings of Shurgard of $2.9 million and $15.5 million, respectively, as compared to $7.2 million and $22.8 million for the same periods in 2023. Included in our equity earnings from Shurgard were $12.0 million and $31.5 million of our share of depreciation and amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to $8.5 million and $26.1 million for the same periods in 2023.
On August 1, 2024, Shurgard acquired Lok’nStore, a self-storage company publicly traded on London Stock Exchange, for approximately £393 million ($511 million) in cash.
For purposes of recording our equity in earnings from Shurgard, the Euro was translated at exchange rates of approximately 1.116 U.S. Dollars per Euro at September 30, 2024 (1.104 at December 31, 2023), and average exchange rates of 1.099 and 1.088 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and average exchange rates of 1.087 and 1.083 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Real estate acquisition and development expense: In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred a total of $2.5 million and $9.2 million, respectively, of internal and external expenses related to our acquisition and development of real estate facilities, as compared to $5.1 million and $13.7 million for the same periods in 2023. These amounts are net of $4.3 million and $12.9 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, in development costs that were capitalized to newly developed and redeveloped self-storage facilities, as compared to $4.5 million and $13.4 million for the same periods in 2023. The year-over-year decrease of real estate acquisition and development expense in the three and nine months ended September 30. 2024 was primarily due to the write-off of $1.9 million and $4.5 million, respectively, of accumulated development costs for cancelled development and redevelopment projects for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
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General and administrative expense: The following table sets forth our general and administrative expense:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20242023Change20242023Change
 (Amounts in thousands)
Share-based compensation expense $7,117 $5,929 $1,188 $19,927 $19,149 $778 
Legal costs 3,155 654 2,501 8,101 2,437 5,664 
Corporate management costs8,125 6,281 1,844 23,785 19,249 4,536 
Information technology costs3,848 1,103 2,745 9,650 3,101 6,549 
Other costs 3,969 6,765 (2,796)12,667 13,523 (856)
Total $26,214 $20,732 $5,482 $74,130 $57,459 $16,671 
General and administrative expense increased $5.5 million and $16.7 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same period in 2023 due primarily to (i) an increase in loss contingencies related to corporate legal matters, (ii) an increase in corporate management costs driven by higher payroll costs, and (iii) an increase in license, data conversion costs and maintenance support costs related to our new IT applications, partially offset by (iv) a decrease in other costs due to costs incurred for UPREIT reorganization in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Interest and other income: The following table sets forth our interest and other income:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20242023Change20242023Change
(Amounts in thousands)
Interest earned on cash balances$12,235 $28,515 $(16,280)$33,838 $53,619 $(19,781)
Commercial operations2,223 2,143 80 7,065 7,110 (45)
Unrealized gain on private equity investments2,626 122 2,504 4,740 2,615 2,125 
Other2,945 1,515 1,430 6,605 6,037 568 
Total $20,029 $32,295 $(12,266)$52,248 $69,381 $(17,133)
Interest earned on cash balances decreased $16.3 million and $19.8 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2023, due primarily to lower average cash balances partially offset by higher interest rates earned in the first half of 2024.
Interest expense: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred $77.3 million and $223.5 million, respectively, of interest on our outstanding notes payable, as compared to $61.4 million and $139.3 million for the same periods in 2023. In determining interest expense, these amounts were offset by capitalized interest of $3.0 million and $8.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, associated with our development activities, as compared to $3.0 million and $6.8 million for the same periods in 2023. The increase of interest expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023 is due to the issuance of $2.2 billion of notes payable in July 2023 and the increase of Compounded SOFR on our variable rate unsecured notes. At September 30, 2024, we had $9.5 billion of notes payable outstanding, with a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.2%.
46

Foreign currency exchange (loss) gain: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded foreign currency losses of $70.6 million and $20.6 million, respectively, representing primarily the changes in the U.S. Dollar equivalent of our Euro-denominated unsecured notes due to fluctuations in exchange rates. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded foreign currency gains of $47.9 million and $19.9 million, respectively. The Euro was translated at exchange rates of approximately 1.116 U.S. Dollars per Euro at September 30, 2024, 1.104 at December 31, 2023, 1.057 at September 30, 2023, and 1.070 at December 31, 2022. Future gains and losses on foreign currency will be dependent upon changes in the relative value of the Euro to the U.S. Dollar and the level of Euro-denominated notes payable outstanding.
Gain on sale of real estate: In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded $0.6 million and $1.4 million in gains, respectively, in connection with sale of land parcels and the partial sale of real estate facilities pursuant to eminent domain proceedings.
Income tax expense: We operate as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, we are generally not subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income distributed to stockholders. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded income tax expense totaling $2.5 million and $6.0 million, respectively, related to our taxable REIT subsidiaries and income taxes incurred in certain state and local jurisdictions in which we operate, as compared to $2.8 million and $8.5 million for the same periods in 2023. The year-over-year changes of income tax expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were primarily driven by changes in state income tax, due to fluctuations of taxable income in certain states where there are differences between federal and state tax laws.
47

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview and our Sources of Capital

While operating as a REIT allows us to minimize the payment of U.S. federal corporate income tax expense, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our shareholders. Notwithstanding this requirement, our annual operating retained cash flow was approximately $700 million in 2021, $1 billion in 2022 and $480 million for 2023 after a 50% increase in annual dividend in 2023. Retained operating cash flow represents our expected cash flow provided by operating activities (including property operating costs and interest payments described below), less shareholder distributions and capital expenditures. We expect retained cash flow of approximately $450 million for 2024.
Capital needs in excess of retained cash flow are met with: (i) medium and long-term debt, (ii) preferred equity, (iii) limited partnership interests, and (iv) common equity. We select among these sources of capital based upon relative cost, availability, the desire for leverage, and considering potential constraints caused by certain features of capital sources, such as debt covenants. We view our line of credit, as well as any short-term bank loans, as bridge financing.
Because raising capital is important to our growth, we endeavor to maintain a strong financial profile characterized by strong credit metrics, including low leverage relative to our total capitalization and operating cash flows. We are one of the highest rated REITs, as rated by major rating agencies Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s. Our senior notes payable have an “A” credit rating by Standard & Poor’s and “A2” by Moody’s. Our credit ratings on each of our series of preferred shares are “A3” by Moody’s and “BBB+” by Standard & Poor’s. Our credit profile enables us to effectively access both the public and private capital markets to raise capital.
On June 12, 2023, we amended our revolving line of credit, increasing the borrowing limit from $500 million to $1.5 billion. We increased the size of the revolving line of credit and its associated lender base given our increased levels of debt maturities in coming years and to serve as temporary “bridge” financing until we are able to raise longer term capital. As of September 30, 2024, there were no borrowings outstanding on the revolving line of credit; however, we do have approximately $14.4 million of outstanding letters of credit, which limits our borrowing capacity to $1,485.6 million as of October 30, 2024. Our line of credit matures on June 12, 2027.
We believe that we have significant financial flexibility to adapt to changing conditions and opportunities, and we have significant access to sources of capital including debt and preferred equity. Based on our strong credit profile and our substantial current liquidity relative to our capital requirements noted below, we would not expect any potential capital market dislocations to have a material impact upon our expected capital and growth plans over the next 12 months. However, if capital market conditions deteriorate significantly for a long period of time, our access to or cost of debt and preferred equity capital could be negatively impacted and potentially affect future investment activities.
Our current and expected capital resources include: (i) $599.0 million of cash as of September 30, 2024 and (ii) approximately $450 million of expected retained operating cash flow over the next twelve months. Additionally, we have $1,485.6 million available borrowing capacity on our revolving line of credit, which can be used as temporary “bridge” financing until we are able to raise longer term capital. We believe that our cash provided by our operating activities will continue to be sufficient to enable us to meet our ongoing cash requirements for interest payments on debt, maintenance capital expenditures, and distributions to our shareholders for the foreseeable future.
As described below, our current committed cash requirements consist of (i) $400 million in scheduled principal repayments on our unsecured notes in the next twelve months, (ii) $401.9 million of remaining spending on our current development pipeline, which will be incurred primarily in the next 18 to 24 months, and (iii) $181.2 million in property acquisitions currently under contract. Our cash requirements may increase over the next year as we add projects to our development pipeline and acquire additional properties. Additional potential cash requirements could result from various activities including the redemption of outstanding preferred securities, repurchases of common stock, or merger and acquisition activities, as and to the extent we determine to engage in such activities.
Over the long term, to the extent that our cash requirements exceed our capital resources, we believe we have a variety of possibilities to raise additional capital including issuing common or preferred securities, debt, and limited partnership interests, or entering into joint venture arrangements to acquire or develop facilities.
48

Cash Requirements
The following summarizes our expected material cash requirements, which comprise (i) contractually obligated expenditures, including payments of principal and interest, (ii) other essential expenditures, including property operating expenses, maintenance capital expenditures and dividends paid in accordance with REIT distribution requirements, and (iii) opportunistic expenditures, including acquisitions and developments and repurchases of our securities. We expect to satisfy these cash requirements through operating cash flow and opportunistic debt and equity financings.
Required Debt Repayments: As of September 30, 2024, the principal outstanding on our debt totaled approximately $9.5 billion, consisting of $7.8 billion of U.S. Dollar denominated unsecured notes payable, $1.8 billion of Euro-denominated unsecured notes payable, and $1.7 million of mortgage notes payable. Approximate principal maturities and interest payments (including $138.0 million in estimated interest on our $1.1 billion variable rate unsecured notes based on rates in effect at September 30, 2024) are as follows (amounts in thousands):
PrincipalInterestTotal
Remainder of 2024$31$61,019$61,050
2025670,241286,872957,113
20261,150,138261,2441,411,382
20271,200,146228,4601,428,606
20281,200,129186,1301,386,259
Thereafter 5,307,8951,577,1576,885,052
$9,528,580$2,600,882$12,129,462
Capital Expenditure Requirements: Capital expenditures include general maintenance, major repairs, or replacements to elements of our facilities to keep our facilities in good operating condition and maintain their visual appeal. Capital expenditures do not include costs relating to the development of new facilities or redevelopment of existing facilities to increase their available rentable square footage.
We spent $175 million of capital expenditures to maintain real estate facilities in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and expect to spend approximately $200 million in 2024. In addition to standard capital repairs of building elements reaching the end of their useful lives, our capital expenditures in recent years have included incremental expenditures to enhance the competitive position of certain of our facilities relative to local competitors pursuant to a multi-year Property of Tomorrow program. Such investments include development of more pronounced, attractive, and clearly identifiable color schemes and signage and upgrades to the configuration and layout of the offices and other customer zones to improve the customer experience. We spent approximately $106 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and expect to spend $130 million in 2024 on this effort. In addition, we have spent $36 million on the installation of solar panels in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and we expect to spend $70 million in 2024.
The capital spent to install solar panels and LED lights will significantly reduce electric utility usage resulting in lower property operating costs.
Requirement to Pay Distributions: For all periods presented herein, we have elected to be treated as a REIT, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code. For each taxable year in which we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we will not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our “REIT taxable income” (generally, taxable income subject to specified adjustments, including a deduction for dividends paid and excluding our net capital gain) that is distributed to our shareholders. We believe we have met these requirements in all periods presented herein, and we expect to continue to qualify as a REIT.
Our consistent, long-term dividend policy has been to distribute our taxable income. Future quarterly distributions with respect to the common shares will continue to be determined based upon our REIT distribution requirements after taking into consideration distributions to the preferred shareholders and will be funded with cash flows from operating activities.
The annual distribution requirement with respect to our preferred shares outstanding at September 30, 2024 is approximately $194.7 million per year.
49

Real Estate Investment Activities: We continue to seek to acquire additional self-storage facilities from third parties. Subsequent to September 30, 2024, we acquired or were under contract to acquire 14 self-storage facilities for a total purchase price of $181.2 million.
We are actively seeking to acquire additional facilities. However, future acquisition volume will depend upon whether additional owners will be motivated to market their facilities, which will in turn depend upon factors such as economic conditions and the level of seller confidence.
As of September 30, 2024, we had development and expansion projects at a total cost of approximately $712.4 million. Costs incurred through September 30, 2024 were $310.5 million, with the remaining cost to complete of $401.9 million expected to be incurred primarily in the next 18 to 24 months. Some of these projects are subject to contingencies such as entitlement approval. We expect to continue to seek to add projects to maintain and increase our robust pipeline. Our ability to do so continues to be challenged by various constraints such as difficulty in finding projects that meet our risk-adjusted yield expectations and challenges in obtaining building permits for self-storage facilities in certain municipalities.
Property Operating Expenses: The direct and indirect cost of our operations impose significant cash requirements. Direct operating costs include property taxes, on-site property manager payroll, repairs and maintenance, utilities, and marketing. Indirect operating costs include supervisory payroll and centralized management costs. The cash requirements from these operating costs will vary year to year based on, among other things, changes in the size of our portfolio and changes in property tax rates and assessed values, wage rates, and marketing costs in our markets.
Redemption of Preferred Securities: Historically, we have taken advantage of refinancing higher coupon preferred securities with lower coupon preferred securities. In the future, we may also elect to finance the redemption of preferred securities with proceeds from the issuance of debt. As of October 30, 2024, we have five series of preferred securities that are eligible for redemption, at our option and with 30 days’ notice: our 5.150% Series F Preferred Shares ($280.0 million), 5.050% Series G Preferred Shares ($300.0 million), 5.600% Series H Preferred Shares ($285.0 million), 4.875% Series I Preferred Shares ($316.3 million), and 4.700% Series J Preferred Shares ($258.8 million). See Note 9 to our September 30, 2024 consolidated financial statements for the redemption dates of all of our series of preferred shares. Redemption of such preferred shares will depend upon many factors, including the rate at which we could issue replacement preferred securities. None of our preferred securities are redeemable at the option of the holders.
Repurchases of Common Shares: Our Board has authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which management may purchase up to 35,000,000 of our common shares on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we repurchased 726,865 of our common shares under the repurchase program on the open market for a total cost of $200.0 million (none in the three months ended September 30, 2024). From the inception of the repurchase program through October 30, 2024, we have repurchased a total of 24,448,781 common shares at an aggregate cost of approximately $879.1 million. All the repurchased shares are constructively retired and returned to an authorized and unissued status. Future levels of common share repurchases will be dependent upon our available capital, investment alternatives and the trading price of our common shares.
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ITEM 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
To limit our exposure to market risk, we are capitalized primarily with preferred and common equity. Our preferred shares are redeemable at our option generally five years after issuance, but the holder has no redemption option. Our debt, which totals approximately $9.5 billion at September 30, 2024, is the only market-risk sensitive portion of our capital structure.
The fair value of our debt at September 30, 2024 is approximately $9.1 billion. The table below summarizes the annual maturities of our debt, which had a weighted average effective rate of 3.2% at September 30, 2024. See Note 7 to our September 30, 2024 consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our debt (amounts in thousands).
Remainder of 20242025202620272028 Thereafter Total
Debt $31$670,241$1,150,138$1,200,146$1,200,129$5,307,895$9,528,580
We have foreign currency exposure at September 30, 2024 related to (i) our investment in Shurgard, with a book value of $397.5 million, and a fair value of $1.6 billion based upon the closing price of Shurgard’s stock on September 30, 2024, and (ii) €1.6 billion ($1.8 billion) of Euro-denominated unsecured notes payable, providing a natural hedge against the fair value of our investment in Shurgard.
ITEM 4.    Controls and Procedures
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports we file and submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in accordance with SEC guidelines and that such information is communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures in reaching that level of reasonable assurance. We also have investment in certain unconsolidated real estate entity and because we do not control the entity, our disclosure controls and procedures with respect to such entity are substantially more limited than those we maintain with respect to our consolidated subsidiaries.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, at a reasonable assurance level.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II.        OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.    Legal Proceedings
We are a party to various legal proceedings and subject to various claims and complaints; however, we believe that the likelihood of these contingencies resulting in a material loss to the Company, either individually or in the aggregate, is remote.
ITEM 1A.    Risk Factors
In addition to the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the year ended December 31, 2023, in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, and in our other filings with the SEC. These factors may materially affect our business, financial condition and operating results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors relating to the Company disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
In addition, in considering the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and elsewhere, you should refer to the qualifications and limitations on our forward-looking statements that are described in Forward-Looking Statements at the beginning of Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
ITEM 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Common Share Repurchases
In May 2008, our Board authorized a share repurchase program of up to 35,000,000 of our common shares. There is no expiration date to our common share repurchase program and there are 10,551,219 common shares that may yet be repurchased under our repurchase program as of September 30, 2024. Under the repurchase program, management may repurchase our common shares on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we did not repurchase any of our common shares. From the inception of the repurchase program through October 30, 2024, we have repurchased a total of 24,448,781 common shares at an aggregate cost of approximately $879.1 million. We have no current plans to repurchase shares; however, future levels of common share repurchases will be dependent upon our available capital, investment alternatives, and the trading price of our common shares.
ITEM 5.    Other Information
During the three months ended September 30, 2024, no trustee or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
ITEM 6.    Exhibits
Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference and are listed in the attached Exhibit Index which is incorporated herein by reference.
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PUBLIC STORAGE
INDEX TO EXHIBITS (1)
(Items 15(a)(3) and 15(c))
31.1
31.2
32
101 .INSInline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101 .SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema. Filed herewith.
101 .CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. Filed herewith.
101 .DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase. Filed herewith.
101 .LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase. Filed herewith.
101 .PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Link. Filed herewith.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
_ (1) SECFile No. 001-33519 unless otherwise indicated.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
DATED: October 30, 2024
 PUBLIC STORAGE
 By: /s/ H. Thomas Boyle
 H. Thomas Boyle
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial and Investment Officer

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