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美國
證券交易委員會
華盛頓特區20549
表格 10-Q
x根據1934年證券交易法第13或15(d)節的季度報告
截至季度結束日期的財務報告2024年9月30日
佣金文件號 001-39482
Blue Logo 600x208.jpg
業務組織和說明
(根據其章程規定的註冊人準確名稱)

特拉華州
85-1966622
（設立或組織的其他管轄區域）（納稅人識別號碼）
333 Ludlow Street, 北塔架; 第6層
斯坦福, 康涅狄格州 06902
（總部地址）（郵編）
註冊人的電話號碼，包括區號： (888) 729-1206
在法案第12(b)條的規定下注冊的證券：
每一類的名稱交易代碼在其上註冊的交易所的名稱
每股A類普通股，面值爲$0.0001WGS納斯達克證券交易所 LLC
warrants可以購買一份A類普通股，每份行權價格爲379.50美元WGSWW納斯達克證券交易所 LLC
請在以下選項中勾選是否公司：(1)在過去12個月內(或公司需要提交這些報告的較短期間內)已提交1934年證券交易法第13條或第15(d)條規定提交的所有報告; (2)在過去90天內一直遵守提交報告的要求。是 x 沒有 o
請在以下複選框中打勾，指示註冊人是否已經電子提交了根據Regulation S-T規則405條(本章節的§232.405條)需要提交的所有互動數據文件在過去的12個月內(或註冊人被要求提交這些文件的更短期間內)。是 x 沒有 o
請勾選此項，指示註冊人是否爲大型加速申報人、加速申報人、非加速申報人、小型報告公司或新興增長公司。有關「大型加速申報人」、「加速申報人」、「小型報告公司」和「新興增長公司」的定義，請參見《交易法規1.2》條。
大型加速報告人o加速文件提交人x
非加速文件提交人o較小的報告公司x
新興成長公司x
如果是新興成長型企業，請勾選複選標記，表明註冊者已選擇不使用延長過渡期來符合根據證券交易法第13(a)條規定提供的任何新財務會計準則。 o
請用複選標記指示是否公司是殼公司（如證券法規定的規則120.2）。 是 o 沒有 x
截至2024年5月17日，申報人共有 27,471,397 2024年10月22日，A類普通股股份0.0001美元面值。


目錄
關於前瞻性聲明的警告


關於前瞻性陳述的注意事項
本報告中討論的某些問題，包括在「管理層對財務狀況和經營業績的討論與分析」標題下討論的內容，可能構成1933年修正案後的《證券法》及1934年修正案後的《證券交易法》（「交易法」）目的前瞻性聲明，涉及已知和未知的風險、不確定性和其他因素，這些因素可能導致我們的實際結果、業績或成就與前瞻性聲明所表現或暗示的未來結果、業績或成就有很大不同。 「預測」，「相信」，「估計」，「可能」，「期望」等詞通常旨在識別前瞻性聲明。由於各種因素，我們的實際結果可能與這些前瞻性聲明中預期的結果有很大不同，包括但不限於在本報告中討論的「風險因素」，「管理層對財務狀況和經營成果的討論與分析」以及其他地方討論的因素，以及我們與證券交易委員會（「SEC」）的其他申報文件中不時確定的其他因素，或在這些前瞻性聲明出現的文件中發現的其他因素。歸因於我們的所有書面或口頭前瞻性聲明在其整體上受到這些警告性聲明的明確限制。這種前瞻性聲明包括但不限於以下聲明：
•我們對現有資本資源的足夠性的估計，結合未來預期的現金流量和未來的資本需求，以滿足我們的運營需求和資本支出；
•我們期待在持續的基礎上產生營業收入、承擔虧損並實現盈利。
•一般經濟和政治條件引發的未預料到的情況或其他干擾正常業務運營的問題，例如衰退、通貨膨脹和利率期貨波動、供應鏈中斷和製造業-半導體限制、公共衛生緊急情況、自然災害、恐怖主義行爲或其他無法控制的事件；
•關於我們有望實現盈利能力規模化、追求新戰略方向的計劃，以及退出生殖與婦女業務和體細胞腫瘤檢測業務對我們毛利的成本節約和影響；
•我們成功實施業務策略的能力；
•我們進入服務、合作和其他合作協議的期望或能力；
•我們的期望或者製造行業的能力來打造自己的商業基礎設施，以擴大市場並銷售我們的產品;
•美國食品藥品監督管理局（「FDA」）或其他監管機構的行動或授權;
•與政府監管和其他法律義務相關的風險，包括隱私、數據保護、信息安全、消費者保護、反腐敗和反賄賂;
•我們的產品候選藥物的知識產權保護的獲得和維護;
•我們的能力與現有和新興技術競爭；
•第三方付款方的報銷和覆蓋決定、談判和解決方案;
•我們對第三方服務提供商在我們的數據程序中的依賴；
•我們的會計估計和判斷，包括我們對第三方付款方索賠準備金充分性的預期和對無形資產賬面價值適當性的結論；
•我們的股價及其波動性；
•初步達成協議，解決一起未決集體訴訟。
•我們吸引和留住關鍵人員的能力。
本報告中包含的前瞻性聲明僅反映我們的觀點和假設，僅截至本報告簽署之日。除非法律有要求，否則我們不承擔更新任何前瞻性聲明的責任。
我們通過這些警示語來限定我們所有前瞻性陳述。此外，關於我們所有前瞻性聲明，我們聲稱受到1995年私人證券訴訟改革法案中包含的關於前瞻性聲明的安全港的保護。
3
目錄

第I部分-財務信息
項目1. 摘要合併資產負債表
業務組織和說明
彙編的綜合資產負債表
(以千爲單位，除每股數據外)
2024年9月30日（未經審計）2023年12月31日
資產：
流動資產：
現金及現金等價物$57,894 $99,681 
有價證券58,566 30,467 
應收賬款38,220 32,371 
應收關聯方款項260 445 
114,467 10,770 8,777 
預付費用和其他流動資產20,300 10,598 
總流動資產186,010 182,339 
經營租賃權使用資產24,936 26,900 
資產和設備，淨值31,452 32,479 
無形資產, 淨額162,106 172,625 
其他4,336 4,413 
總資產$408,840 $418,756 
負債和股東權益：
流動負債:
應付賬款及應計費用$56,416 $37,456 
由於關聯方727 1,379 
短期租賃負債總額3,698 3,647 
其他流動負債16,501 16,336 
流動負債合計77,342 58,818 
開多期債務，淨電流部分52,034 52,688 
開多期權負債60,369 62,938 
其他負債13,540 14,735 
遞延所得稅1,054 1,560 
負債合計204,339 190,739 
購買承諾和或許事項（注9）
股東權益：
優先股，$0.00010.0001股份在2023年9月30日和2022年12月31日分別授權;1,000,000 0 2024年9月30日和2023年12月31日發行和流通的股份
— — 
A類普通股，$0.0005股，截至2024年4月30日和2024年1月31日，授權股票0.0005股；0.0001股份在2023年9月30日和2022年12月31日分別授權;1,000,000,000 27,433,803和頁面。25,978,863 而9月30日和2023年12月31日分別發行和流通的股份
2 2 
額外實收資本1,561,493 1,527,778 
累積赤字(1,357,912)(1,300,188)
累計其他綜合收益918 425 
股東權益總額204,501 228,017 
負債和股東權益總額$408,840 $418,756 
附帶說明是這些未經審計的簡化合並財務報表的組成部分。
4
目錄

業務組織和說明
簡明合併損益表和綜合損益（未經審計）
(以千爲單位，除每股數據外)
截至9月30日的三個月，截至9月30日的九個月
2024202320242023
營業收入
診斷測試收入$77,418 $51,955 $207,961 $140,440 
其他收入(544)1,348 1,849 4,708 
總收入76,874 53,303 209,810 145,148 
服務成本    29,045 28,044 81,618 85,896 
毛利潤47,829 25,259 128,192 59,252 
研發11,665 14,288 34,134 46,018 
銷售和營銷17,025 16,763 49,695 45,397 
ZSCALER, INC.26,145 26,099 73,760 107,129 
減值損失— 8,282 — 10,402 
其他營業費用，淨額774 2,794 2,622 5,259 
經營虧損(7,780)(42,967)(32,019)(154,953)
非營業性收入（費用），淨額
認股權證和計入營業收入的淨利潤變動 (880)590 (11,390)684 
利息(費用)收入，淨額(843)1,053 (2,334)2,092 
其他收入（費用）淨額1,144 (1,134)(12,300)1,668 
總非經營性收入（費用），淨額(579)509 (26,024)4,444 
稅前虧損(8,359)(42,458)(58,043)(150,509)
所得稅收益47 172 319 515 
淨虧損$(8,312)$(42,286)$(57,724)$(149,994)
其他綜合損失，淨額
與可供出售證券相關的未實現收益淨額459 — 493 — 
綜合虧損$(7,853)$(42,286)$(57,231)$(149,994)
A類普通股的加權平均已發行股份數27,095,986 25,788,747 26,593,877 23,777,327 
基本和攤薄每股A類普通股的淨虧損$(0.31)$(1.64)$(2.17)$(6.31)
附帶說明是這些未經審計的簡化合並財務報表的組成部分。
5
目錄

業務組織和說明
壓縮合並股東權益表（未經審計）
（以千爲單位，除股份數量外）
2024年9月30日止三個月
A類普通股額外實收資本
累積的
虧損
累計其他綜合收益股東權益總額
股份面值
2024年6月30日餘額26,926,383 $2 $1,543,182 $(1,349,600)$459 $194,043 
淨虧損— — — $(8,312)— (8,312)
按照股票期權行使發行的普通股11,434 — 86 — — 86 
股票補償費用— — 3,636 — — 3,636 
其他綜合收益，扣除稅後— — — — 459 459 
已歸屬限制性股票單位轉換爲普通股77,333 — — — — — 
在ATm發行中發行的普通股，扣除發行成本淨額418,653 — 14,589 — — 14,589 
2024年9月30日的餘額27,433,803$2 $1,561,493 $(1,357,912)$918 $204,501 
Nine months ended September 30, 2024
Class A Common StockAdditional paid-in capitalAccumulated
deficit		Accumulated other comprehensive incomeTotal stockholders’ equity
SharesPar value
Balance at December 31, 202325,978,863$2 $1,527,778 $(1,300,188)$425 $228,017 
Net loss— — — (57,724)— (57,724)
Common stock issued pursuant to stock option exercises43,380 — 247 — — 247 
Common stock issued pursuant to Perceptive warrant exercise645,414 — 12,586 — — 12,586 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 6,293 — — 6,293 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 493 493 
Vested restricted stock units converted to common stock347,493 — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock in ATM offering, net of issuance costs418,653 — 14,589 — — 14,589 
Balance at September 30, 202427,433,803$2 $1,561,493 $(1,357,912)$918 $204,501 
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Class A Common StockAdditional paid-in capitalAccumulated
deficit		Accumulated other comprehensive incomeTotal stockholders’ equity
SharesPar value
Balance at June 30, 202325,761,147$2 $1,528,240 $(1,232,129)$— $296,113 
Net loss— — — (42,286)— (42,286)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 431 — — 431 
Vested restricted stock units converted to common stock114,242 — — — — — 
Balance at September 30, 202325,875,389$2 $1,528,671 $(1,274,415)$— $254,258 
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Class A Common StockAdditional paid-in capitalAccumulated
deficit		Accumulated other comprehensive incomeTotal stockholders’ equity
SharesPar value
Balance at December 31, 202211,773,065$1 $1,378,125 $(1,124,421)$— 253,705 
Net loss— — — (149,994)— (149,994)
Common stock issued pursuant to stock option exercises50,444 — 266 — — 266 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 586 — — 586 
Vested restricted stock units converted to common stock328,197 — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock in registered direct offering, net of issuance costs676,868 — 7,564 — — 7,564 
Issuance of common stock for first Milestone Payment701,460 — 6,692 — — 6,692 
Fractional shares issued upon reverse stock split29,603 — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock in underwritten public offering, net of issuance costs12,315,752 1 135,438 — — 135,439 
Balance at September 30, 202325,875,389$2 $1,528,671 $(1,274,415)$— $254,258 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
Table of Contents

GeneDx Holdings Corp.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
Nine months ended September 30,
20242023
Operating activities
Net loss$(57,724)$(149,994)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense16,395 27,640 
Stock-based compensation expense6,293 586 
Change in fair value of warrants and contingent liabilities11,390 (684)
Deferred tax benefit(319)(515)
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory137 3,634 
Legal reserves12,123 — 
Change in third party payor reserves737 (6,848)
Gain on sale of assets— (2,954)
Gain on debt forgiveness— (2,750)
Impairment loss— 10,402 
Other2,639 1,071 
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable(5,850)10,726 
Inventory(2,131)682 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(7,807)(39,913)
Other assets and liabilities(1,196)(1,372)
Net cash used in operating activities(25,313)(150,289)
Investing activities
Consideration on escrow paid for Legacy GeneDx acquisition— (12,144)
Purchases of property and equipment(2,441)(2,874)
Proceeds from sales of assets— 3,887 
Purchases of marketable securities(52,725)(43,935)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities598 — 
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities24,955 16,665 
Development of internal-use software assets— (461)
Net cash used in investing activities(29,613)(38,862)
Financing activities
Proceeds from offerings, net of issuance costs14,589 143,002 
Exercise of stock options247 266 
Long-term debt principal payments(198)(2,000)
Finance lease payoff and principal payments(1,499)(2,133)
Net cash provided by financing activities13,139 139,135 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (41,787)(50,016)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at beginning of period100,668 138,303 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at end of period$58,881 $88,287 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest$6,068 $1,116 
Cash paid for taxes$910 $1,178 
Stock consideration paid for purchase of business$— $6,692 
Stock consideration paid pursuant to exercise of Perceptive warrant $12,586 $— 
Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued expenses$2,612 $1,220 
Assets acquired under capital leases obligations$689 $— 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
Table of Contents

GeneDx Holdings Corp.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Organization and Description of Business
GeneDx Holdings Corp., through its subsidiary GeneDx, LLC, is a leading genomics company—one that sits at the intersection of diagnostics and data science, pairing decades of genomic expertise with an ability to interpret clinical data at scale. The Company is focused on delivering personalized and actionable health insights to inform diagnosis, direct treatment and improve drug discovery. The Company believes it is well-positioned to accelerate the use of genomics and leverage large-scale clinical data to enable precision medicine as the standard of care. With a focus in pediatric and rare diseases today, the Company believes it has a competitive advantage in these two areas and can deliver on its vision. GeneDx, LLC serves healthcare professionals who work with their patients, bills third-party payors across the United States and offers solutions across the biopharma drug development pipeline.

Unless otherwise stated herein or unless the context otherwise requires, references in these notes to:
•“GeneDx Holdings” refers to GeneDx Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation (f/k/a Sema4 Holdings Corp.);
•“Legacy GeneDx” refers to GeneDx, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (formerly, GeneDx, Inc., a New Jersey corporation), which we acquired on April 29, 2022 (the “Acquisition”);
•“Legacy Sema4” refers to Mount Sinai Genomics, Inc. d/b/a Sema4, a Delaware corporation, which consummated the business combination with CM Life Sciences, Inc. (“CMLS”) on July 22, 2021 (the “Business Combination”); and
•“we,” “us” and “our,” the “Company” and “GeneDx” refer, as the context requires, to:
◦Legacy Sema4 prior to the Business Combination, and GeneDx Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Business Combination; and
◦Legacy GeneDx prior to the Acquisition, and GeneDx Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Acquisition.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the accounting disclosure rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP. These condensed financial statements consolidate the operations and accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Unless otherwise noted, all tabular dollars are in thousands, except per share amounts. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year condensed consolidated financial statements in order to conform to the current year’s presentation.
In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and the results of operations of the Company for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations or cash flows for a full year or any subsequent interim period. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”).
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012. In addition, the Company was previously a “smaller reporting company”, as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of the SEC’s Regulation S-K and currently takes advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies. As such, the Company is eligible for exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including reduced reporting, including the reporting of two fiscal years of financial statements, not being required to provide an auditor attestation of internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and extended transition periods to comply with new or revised accounting standards for public business entities. The Company has elected to avail itself of this exemption and, therefore, will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.
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Table of Contents

Use of Estimates
The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosures at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. The Company bases these estimates on current facts, historical and anticipated results, trends and various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable in the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates include, but are not limited to, the transaction price for certain contracts with customers, potential or actual claims for recoupment from third-party payors, the valuation of stock-based awards, the valuation of warrant liabilities, income taxes and intangible assets. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates, judgments and assumptions.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements included in the 2023 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates in the current period.
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
The Company assesses both the self-pay patient and, if applicable, the third-party payor that reimburses the Company on the patient’s behalf when evaluating concentration of credit risk. Significant patients and payors are those that represent more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues for the period or accounts receivable balance at each respective balance sheet date. The significant concentrations of accounts receivable as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were primarily from large managed care insurance companies, institutional billed accounts, and data arrangements. The Company does not require collateral as a means to mitigate customer credit risk.
For each significant payor, revenue as a percentage of total revenues and accounts receivable as a percentage of total accounts receivable are as follows:
RevenueAccounts Receivable
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,

September 30,

December 31,
202420232024202320242023
Payor A (1)
21%22%20%17%11%*
Payor B37%26%32%26%11%10%
* Less than 10%
(1)This payor group includes multiple individual plans and the Company calculates and presents the aggregated value from all plans, which is consistent with the Company’s portfolio approach used in accounting for diagnostic test revenue.
The Company is subject to a concentration of risk from a limited number of suppliers for certain reagents and laboratory supplies. One supplier accounted for approximately 9% and 4% of purchases for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 11% for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. A second supplier accounted for approximately 11% and 8% of purchases for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 10% for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. This risk is managed by maintaining a target quantity of surplus stock. Alternative suppliers are available for some or all of these reagents and supplies.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). The standard requires additional disclosures around disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The guidance will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). The standard requires enhanced segment reporting disclosures, including significant segment expenses and other segment items. Additionally, the standard requires public entities to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. ASU 2023-07 will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The guidance will
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be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in financial statements unless it is impractical to do so. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-07 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
3. Revenue Recognition
Disaggregated Revenue
The following table summarizes the Company’s disaggregated revenue by payor category:
Three months ended September 30,
20242023
GeneDxLegacy Sema4ConsolidatedGeneDxLegacy Sema4Consolidated
Diagnostic test revenue:
Patients with third-party insurance$59,291 $252 $59,543 $32,825 $2,950 $35,775 
Institutional customers17,415 — 17,415 15,720 — 15,720 
Self-pay patients460 — 460 457 3 460 
Total diagnostic test revenue77,166 252 77,418 49,002 2,953 51,955 
Other revenue(544)— (544)1,348 — 1,348 
Total$76,622 $252 $76,874 $50,350 $2,953 $53,303 
Nine months ended September 30,
20242023
GeneDxLegacy Sema4ConsolidatedGeneDxLegacy Sema4Consolidated
Diagnostic test revenue:
Patients with third-party insurance$152,631 $2,803 $155,434 $82,801 $8,876 $91,677 
Institutional customers50,784 — 50,784 47,528 — 47,528 
Self-pay patients1,743 — 1,743 1,232 3 1,235 
Total diagnostic test revenue205,158 2,803 207,961 131,561 8,879 140,440 
Other revenue1,849 — 1,849 4,708 — 4,708 
Total$207,007 $2,803 $209,810 $136,269 $8,879 $145,148 
Reassessment of Variable Consideration
Subsequent changes to the estimate of the transaction price, determined on a portfolio basis when applicable, are generally recorded as adjustments to revenue in the period of the change. The Company updates estimated variable consideration quarterly.
For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the total change in estimate resulted in a net increase to revenue of $6.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively, resulting from changes in the estimated transaction price due to contractual adjustments, obtaining updated information from payors and patients that was unknown at the time the performance obligation was met and potential and actual settlements with third party payors. The change in estimate also included an increase in revenue related to a partial release of a previously established payor reserve, as further disclosed in the “Certain Payor Matters” section below. The quarterly change in estimate did not result in material adjustments to the Company’s previously reported revenue or accounts receivable amounts.
Certain Payor Matters
As noted above, third-party payors, including government programs, may decide to deny payment or seek to recoup payments for tests performed by the Company that they contend were improperly billed, not medically necessary or against their coverage determinations, or for which they believe they have otherwise overpaid, including as a result of their own error. As a result, the Company may be required to refund payments already received, and the Company’s revenues may be subject to retroactive adjustment as a result of these factors among others, including without limitation, differing interpretations of billing and coding guidance, and changes by government agencies and payors in interpretations, requirements, policies and/or “conditions of participation” in various programs. The Company processes requests for recoupment from third-party payors in the ordinary course of its business, and it is likely that the Company will continue to do so in the future. If a third-party payor denies payment for testing or recoups money from the Company in a later period, reimbursement and the associated recognition of revenue for the Company’s testing services could decline.
From time to time, the Company may have an obligation to reimburse Medicare, Medicaid, and third-party payors for overpayments regardless of fault. Settlements with third-party payors for retroactive adjustments due to audits, reviews, or
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investigations are considered variable consideration and are included in the determination of the estimated transaction price for providing services. These settlements are estimated based on the terms of the payment agreement with the payor, correspondence from the payor, the Company’s historical settlement activity (if any), and the Company’s assessment of the probability a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will occur when the uncertainty is subsequently resolved. Estimated settlements are adjusted in future periods as such adjustments become known (that is, if new information becomes available), or as years are settled or are no longer subject to such audits, reviews, and investigations.
On December 30, 2022, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with one of its third-party payors (the “Payor”) in order to settle the claims related to coverage and billing matters allegedly resulting in the overpayments by the Payor to Legacy Sema4 (the “Disputed Claims”). Under the settlement agreement, $42.0 million is to be paid by the Company to the Payor in a series of payments each year through June 30, 2026. As of September 30, 2024, $22.0 million in scheduled payments under the agreement remain with $10.0 million due December 2024, $10.0 million in December 2025 and $2.0 million in 2026. In consideration for these payments, the Payor provided releases of the Disputed Claims, effective March 31, 2023.
As a result of this matter, and in connection with a review of certain billing policies and procedures undertaken by management, the Company considered the need to establish reserves for potential recoupments of payments previously made by third-party payors. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $24.7 million and $27.0 million of liabilities were recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively. The Company uses estimates, judgments, and assumptions to assess whether it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue may occur in future periods, based upon information presently available. These estimates are subject to change. In addition, as discussed above, the Company has made certain adjustments to its estimated variable consideration as result of this matter and other potential settlements with payors.
Costs to Fulfill Contracts
Costs associated with fulfilling the Company’s performance obligations pursuant to its collaboration service agreements include costs for services that are subcontracted to Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (“ISMMS”). Amounts are generally prepaid and then expensed in line with the pattern of revenue recognition. Prepayment of amounts prior to the costs being incurred are recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as current or non-current assets based upon forecasted performance.
The cost recognized was $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.0 million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These costs are recorded in the cost of services in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
4. Fair Value Measurements
The following tables set forth the fair value of financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
September 30, 2024
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial Assets:
Money market funds$17,906 $17,906 $— $— 
U.S. treasury bonds32,912 — 32,912 — 
Corporate and municipal bonds25,413 — 25,413 — 
Total financial assets$76,231 $17,906 $58,325 $— 
Financial Liabilities:
Public warrant liability$1,057 $1,057 $— $— 
Private warrant liability483 — 483 — 
Total financial liabilities$1,540 $1,057 $483 $— 
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December 31, 2023
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial Assets:
Money market funds$92,702 $92,702 $— $— 
U.S. treasury bonds6,128 — 6,128 — 
Corporate and municipal bonds24,098 — 24,098 — 
Total financial assets$122,928 $92,702 $30,226 $— 
Financial Liabilities:
Public warrant liability$149 $149 $— $— 
Private warrant liability71 — 71 — 
Perceptive warrant liability2,515 — — 2,515 
Total financial liabilities$2,735 $149 $71 $2,515 
There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.
The Company’s marketable securities presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 have maturity dates ranging from 2024 through 2027 and are classified as current assets as these investments are intended to be readily available to fund current operations. The differences between the fair value and amortized cost basis of each security are the unrealized gains or losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. As of September 30, 2024, the amortized cost for maturities less than one year and greater than one year were $40.5 million and $16.9 million, respectively.
Public and Private Warrants
As of the consummation of the merger in July 2021 in connection with the Business Combination, there were 666,516 warrants to purchase shares of Class A common stock outstanding, including 447,223 public warrants and 219,293 private placement warrants. As of September 30, 2024, there were 666,515 warrants to purchase shares of Class A common stock outstanding, including 457,323 public warrants and 209,192 private placement warrants outstanding. Each warrant expires five years after the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation, and entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $379.50 per share, subject to adjustment, at any time commencing on September 4, 2021.
The Company may redeem the outstanding public warrants if the price per share of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $594.00 as described below:
•in whole and not in part;
•at a price of $0.33 per public warrant;
•upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder; and
•if, and only if, the closing price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $594.00 per share (as adjusted) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three trading days before sending the notice of redemption to warrant holders.
The Company may redeem the outstanding public warrants if the price per share of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $330.00 as described below:
•in whole and not in part;
•at $3.30 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption provided that holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares based on the redemption date and the fair market value of the Class A common stock;
•if, and only if, the closing price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $330.00 per share (as adjusted) for any 20 trading days within the 30-trading day period ending three trading days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders; and
•if the closing price of the Class A common stock for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three trading days before the Company sends notice of redemption to the warrant holders is less than $594.00 per share (as adjusted), the private placement warrants must also be concurrently called for redemption on the same terms as the outstanding public warrants, as described above.
The private placement warrants were issued to CMLS Holdings, LLC, Mr. Munib Islam, Dr. Emily Leproust and Mr. Nat Turner, and are identical to the public warrants underlying the units sold in the initial public offering, except that (1) the private placement
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warrants and the Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the private placement warrants would not be transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of a business combination, subject to certain limited exceptions, (2) the private placement warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis, (3) the private placement warrants are non-redeemable (except as described above, upon a redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $330.00) so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, and (4) the holders of the private placement warrants and the Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the private placement warrants have certain registration rights. If the private placement warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the private placement warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the public warrants.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, a loss of $0.9 million and loss of $1.3 million, respectively, was recorded within the change in fair value of warrants and earn-out contingent liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The change in fair value of the warrants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was a loss of $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
Perceptive Warrant
On October 27, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into a Credit Agreement and Guaranty (the “Credit Agreement”) with Perceptive Credit Holdings IV, LP, as lender and administrative agent (“Perceptive”), which provides for a senior secured delayed draw term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75.0 million (the “Perceptive Term Loan Facility”). As consideration for the Credit Agreement, the Company issued to Perceptive a warrant to purchase up to 1,200,000 shares (the “Perceptive Warrant”) of its Class A common stock. 800,000 warrant shares (the “Initial Warrant Shares”) vested and became exercisable on the Closing Date and 400,000 warrant shares (the “Additional Warrant Shares” and, together with the Initial Warrant Shares, the “Warrant Shares”) will potentially vest and become exercisable on the Tranche B Borrowing Date, as defined in Note 8, “Long-Term Debt” included within this Quarterly Report.
On April 30, 2024 (the “Exercise Date”) Perceptive provided the Company with a notice to exercise the Initial Warrant Shares at an aggregate exercise price of $2.5 million and, as payment of the aggregate exercise price, instructed the Company to withhold a number of Initial Warrant Shares based on their aggregate fair market value as of the Exercise Date. The fair market value price of each Initial Warrant Share was equal to the 1-day volume weighted average price (the “1-day VWAP”) of the Company’s Class A common stock on the Exercise Date, or $16.4321. As a result, the Company issued 645,414 shares of its Class A common stock to Perceptive in satisfaction of the cashless exercise in respect of the Initial Warrant Shares. See Note 8, “Long-Term Debt” included within this Quarterly Report for further information.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, a loss of $10.1 million was recorded within the change in fair value of warrants and earn-out contingent liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss based on re-measurement performed through the Exercise Date.
Contingent Consideration (Legacy GeneDx)
In connection with the Acquisition, up to $150.0 million of contingent payments was to be payable to OPKO Health, Inc. (“OPKO”), based upon achievement of 2022 and 2023 revenue milestones (the “Milestone Payments”) pursuant to the merger agreement (the “Acquisition Merger Agreement”). The first Milestone Payment was paid out in full in April 2023 and the second Milestone Payment was valued at zero as the milestone was not met during fiscal year 2023.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, a gain of $1.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively, was recorded within the change in fair market value of warrant and earn-out contingent liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development Funding Commitment
The Company’s loan from the Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development (“DECD”) is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The loan was recorded at its carrying value of $6.1 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, with $1.2 million recorded in other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2024. The fair value of the loan as of September 30, 2024 was $5.0 million, which is estimated based on discounted cash flows using the yields of similar debt instruments of other companies with similar credit profiles.
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5. Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Capitalized software$32,171 $32,171 
Laboratory equipment14,853 15,538 
Leasehold improvements14,639 14,614 
Computer equipment6,307 5,819 
Building under finance lease4,530 4,529 
Equipment under finance leases3,293 2,604 
Furniture, fixtures and other equipment550 550 
Construction in-progress5,683 3,106 
Total property and equipment82,026 78,931 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(50,574)(46,452)
Property and equipment, net$31,452 $32,479 
For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, depreciation and amortization expense was $2.4 million and $5.2 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, depreciation and amortization expense was $5.9 million and $17.1 million, respectively.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a $0.6 million charge to accelerate the depreciation, net of trade-in credits, for certain lab equipment that was sold during the period as a trade-in associated with the purchase of new lab equipment.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a $3.4 million charge to accelerate the amortization for certain capitalized software projects associated with Legacy Sema4 that are not expected to be utilized, and also recorded a $3.0 million gain on sale of assets during the period associated with the closure of Legacy Sema4 facilities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a $8.3 million and $9.9 million non-cash impairment charge, respectively, on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (of which $4.8 million and $5.6 million, respectively, was allocated to the right-of-use asset associated with the sublease), which was driven by indicators of impairment related to a sublease agreement.
Depreciation and amortization expense is included within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Cost of services$1,495 $1,613 $3,119 $3,435 
Research and development
222 283 629 5,791 
Selling and marketing
— — — 2 
General and administrative
705 3,270 2,128 7,894 
Total depreciation and amortization expenses
$2,422 $5,166 $5,876 $17,122 
6. Intangible Assets
The following table reflects, as of September 30, 2024, the carrying values and remaining useful lives of acquired intangible assets:
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying ValueWeighted-Average Amortization Period (in years)
Tradenames and trademarks$50,000 $7,552 $42,448 13.6
Developed technology48,000 14,500 33,500 5.6
Customer relationships98,000 11,842 86,158 17.6
$196,000 $33,894 $162,106 
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Amortization expense for tradenames and trademarks and developed technology of $2.3 million and $2.3 million was recorded in general and administrative for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $6.8 million and $6.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Amortization expense for customer relationships of $1.2 million and $1.2 million was recorded in selling and marketing for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $3.7 million and $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
7. Related Party Transactions
Related Party Revenues
Total related party diagnostic testing revenues were $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.5 million and $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Related party revenues primarily include diagnostic testing revenues from a subsidiary of OPKO and the prices charged represent market rates.
Related Party Expenses
Total related party costs are included within cost of services and other operating expenses, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Cost of services$2,839 $1,305 $6,268 $3,769 
Other operating expenses, net
774 1,782 2,622 4,581 
Total related party costs
$3,613 $3,087 $8,890 $8,350 
On June 1, 2017, the Company signed a contribution and funding agreement and other agreements with ISMMS, whereby ISMMS contributed certain assets and liabilities related to the Company’s operations, provided certain services to the Company, and also committed to funding the Company up to $55.0 million in future capital contributions in exchange for equity in the Company, of which $55.0 million was drawn as of December 31, 2019. Following the transaction, the Company commenced operations and began providing the services and performing research.
Expenses recognized pursuant to other service arrangements with ISMMS totaled $1.1 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $3.6 million and $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts are included in either cost of services or other operating expenses, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss depending on the particular activity to which the costs relate. Payables due to ISMMS for the other service arrangements were $0.3 million and $3.8 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. These amounts are included within due to related parties on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Additionally, the Company incurred $7.5 million in purchases of diagnostic testing kits and materials and $2.4 million and $5.2 million was recorded in cost of services for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, from an affiliate of a member of the Board of Directors who has served in the role since July 2021. The Company incurred $2.2 million in purchases and $0.6 million and $1.4 million was recorded in cost of services for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
The prices paid represent market rates. Payables due were $0.5 million and $0.4 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Legacy GeneDx and OPKO entered into a Transition Services Agreement dated as of April 29, 2022 (the “OPKO TSA”) pursuant to which OPKO had agreed to provide services, at cost, subject to certain limited exceptions, in order to facilitate the transactions contemplated by the Acquisition Merger Agreement, including human resources, information technology support, and finance and accounting. Services in connection with the OPKO TSA were fully completed in October 2023. The Company recognized $0.3 million and $1.1 million of expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, related to the agreement.
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8. Long-Term Debt
At September 30, 2024, long-term debt matures as follows:
2024 (remainder of year)$299 
20251,211 
20261,235 
20271,260 
202851,285 
Thereafter762 
Total debt56,052 
Less: current portion of long-term debt(1,205)
Less: long-term debt issuance costs(2,813)
Total long-term debt, net of current portion and debt issuance costs$52,034 
Perceptive Term Loan Facility
On October 27, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into the Perceptive Term Loan Facility. An initial tranche of $50 million (the “Tranche A Loan”) was funded under the Perceptive Term Loan Facility on the Closing Date. In addition to the Tranche A Loan, the Perceptive Term Loan Facility includes an additional tranche of $25 million (the “Tranche B Loan,” and together with the Tranche A Loan, the “Term Loans”), which will be accessible by the Company so long as the Company satisfies certain customary conditions precedent, including a specified revenue milestone (the funding date of the Tranche B Loan, the “Tranche B Borrowing Date”). The Perceptive Term Loan Facility has a maturity date of October 27, 2028 (the “Maturity Date”) and provides for an interest-only period during the term of the loan with principal due at the maturity date.
Interest Rate
The Perceptive Term Loan Facility will accrue interest at an annual rate equal to the sum of (a) Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and (b) an applicable margin of 7.5% (the “Applicable Margin”). Accrued interest on the Term Loans is payable monthly in arrears. Upon an Event of Default (as defined in the Credit Agreement), the Applicable Margin will automatically increase by an additional 4% per annum.
Amortization and Prepayment
Prior to the Maturity Date, there will be no scheduled principal payments under the Perceptive Term Loan Facility. On the Maturity Date, the Company is required to pay Perceptive the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Term Loans and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon. The Term Loans may be prepaid at any time, subject to a prepayment premium equal to 0% to 10% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount being prepaid, depending on the date of prepayment.
Security Instruments and Warrant
In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company also entered into a Security Agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, with Perceptive, pursuant to which all of its obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a first lien perfected security interest on substantially all of its existing and after-acquired assets, subject to customary exceptions.
On the Closing Date, as consideration for the Credit Agreement, the Company issued the Perceptive Warrant to Perceptive, which allows them to purchase up to 1,200,000 Warrant Shares. The 800,000 Initial Warrant Shares vested and became exercisable on the Closing Date and the 400,000 Additional Warrant Shares will potentially vest and become exercisable on the Tranche B Borrowing Date. The per share exercise price for the Initial Warrant Shares is $3.1752 (the “Initial Warrant Exercise Price”), which is equal to the 10-day volume weighted average price (the “10-day VWAP”) of the Company’s Class A common stock at the end of the business day immediately prior to the Closing Date, and the per share exercise price for the Additional Warrant Shares will be equal to the lower of (a) the Initial Warrant Exercise Price or (b) the 10-day VWAP ending on the end of the business day immediately preceding the Tranche B Borrowing Date. The Perceptive Warrant will be exercisable, in whole or in part, until the 10th anniversary of the applicable vesting date.
On April 30, 2024, Perceptive provided the Company with a notice to exercise the Initial Warrant Shares at an aggregate exercise price of $2.5 million and instructed the Company to withhold a number of Initial Warrant Shares as payment for the aggregate exercise price. As a result, the Company issued 645,414 shares of its Class A common stock in satisfaction of the cashless exercise in respect of the Initial Warrant Shares. See Note 4, “Fair Value Measurements” included within this Quarterly Report for further information.
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Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development Funding Commitment
In June 2017, ISMMS assigned a loan funding commitment from the DECD to the Company (the “DECD Loan Agreement”) to support the Genetic Sequencing Laboratory Project in Branford, Connecticut, with funding based on the achievement of certain project development phases. The DECD Loan Agreement provided for a total loan commitment of $15.5 million at a fixed annual interest rate of 2.0% for a term of 10 years. The Company was required to make interest-only payments through July 2023 and principal and interest payments commencing in August 2023. The final payment of principal and interest was due in July 2028. However, under the terms of the DECD Loan Agreement, the DECD granted a partial principal loan forgiveness of up to $12.3 million in the aggregate. Such forgiveness was contingent upon the Company achieving certain job creation and retention milestones and $4.5 million had been forgiven at December 31, 2022. This commitment was collateralized by a security interest in certain machinery and equipment the Company acquired from ISMMS, as defined in a separate security agreement.
In January 2023, the Company amended the DECD Loan Agreement, which resulted in the Company agreeing to pay $2.0 million in principal, obtaining $2.8 million in debt forgiveness for achieving its Phase 2 job milestone, and agreeing to two new forgiveness milestone targets for its Phase 3 job milestone (eligible for $2.0 million in forgiveness) and a final phase job milestone (eligible for $1.0 million in forgiveness) (the “2022 Amended DECD Loan Agreement”). Upon execution of this amendment, the Company paid the $2.0 million in principal and received $2.8 million in debt forgiveness, and the Company recognized the debt forgiveness as other (expense) income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The terms of the 2022 Amended DECD Loan Agreement required the Company to make interest-only payments through July 2024 and requires the Company to make principal and interest payments commencing in August 2024 through July 2029 at the same fixed annual interest rate of 2.0%. The other terms of the 2022 Amended DECD Loan Agreement remained the same.
Commencing in August 2024, the Company made principal payments totaling $0.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024. The outstanding loan balance from the 2022 Amended DECD Loan Agreement was $6.1 million as of September 30, 2024.
9. Purchase Commitments and Contingencies
Purchase Commitments
The following sets forth purchase commitments with software and equipment providers as of September 30, 2024 with a remaining term of at least one year:
2024 (remainder of year)$1,363 
20258,844 
20268,719 
20274,556 
20284,021 
Total purchase commitments$27,503 
The Company enters into contracts with suppliers to purchase materials needed for diagnostic testing. These contracts generally do not require multi-year purchase commitments.
There have been no material changes to the lease obligations from those disclosed in Note 10, “Leases” to the consolidated financial statements included in the 2023 Form 10-K.
Contingencies
The Company is or may become subject to various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company does not believe that the outcome of any existing matters will have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. However, no assurance can be given that the ultimate resolution of such proceedings will not materially impact the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Except as described below, the Company was not a party to any material legal proceedings at September 30, 2024, nor is it a party to any material legal proceedings at the date of issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
On September 7, 2022, a shareholder class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut, styled Helo v. Sema4 Holdings Corp., et al, 22-cv-1131 (D. Conn.) against the Company and certain of the Company’s current and former officers. Following the appointment of a lead plaintiff, an amended complaint was filed on January 30, 2023. The defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint on August 21, 2023, and that motion was granted on July 31,
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2024. A second amended complaint was filed on September 13, 2024. As amended, the complaint purports to bring suit on behalf of the stockholders who purchased the Company’s publicly traded securities between January 18, 2022 and August 15, 2022. The second amended complaint purports to allege that the defendants made false and misleading statements about the Company’s business, operations, and prospects in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and seeks unspecified compensatory damages, fees, and costs. The Company believes the allegations and claims are without merit.
On November 28, 2023, a stockholder filed a derivative suit, allegedly on behalf of the Company, based largely on the same allegations in the securities class action referenced above. The suit was filed in federal court in the District of Delaware, styled Ghazaleh v. Schadt, et al, 23-cv-01357 (D. Del.), and purports to assert claims against certain of the Company’s former and current officers and directors under Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act, and for breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment and corporate waste. The Company is named only as a nominal defendant. The complaint seeks damages on the Company’s behalf, and seeks corporate governance and other relief. On March 11, 2024, the Court issued an order staying this suit pending resolution of the Helo class action referenced above.
On June 25, 2024, a substantially similar stockholder derivative suit was filed in federal court in the District of Connecticut, styled Scinto v. Schadt, et al, 2:24-cv-01100 (D. Conn.). The suit, also purportedly brought on the Company’s behalf against certain of its former or current officers and directors, asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, corporate waste, and violations of Sections 10(b) and 14(a) of the Exchange Act. The Company is named only as a nominal defendant. The Complaint seeks damages on the Company’s behalf, as well as corporate governance reforms and other relief. On August 8, 2024, the Court issued an order staying this suit until the earlier of a commencement of discovery, announcement of settlement, or dismissal with prejudice in the Helo class action referenced above.
On February 7, 2023, a stockholder commenced a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery. The suit is brought as a class action on behalf of stockholders of CMLS who did not redeem their shares in connection with the Business Combination between CMLS and Legacy Sema4. The defendants named in the amended complaint include and directors of CMLS at the time of the transaction, including certain directors who continue to serve on the Company’s Board of Directors, as well as CMLS Holdings LLC, Corvex Management LP, and Casdin Capital, LLC. The Company is not named as a defendant. The complaint alleges that the July 2, 2021 proxy statement mailed to CMLS stockholders in connection with the transaction contained false and misleading statements, and purports to assert a claim of breach of fiduciary duty against all individual defendants, and a similar claim against CMLS Holdings LLC and certain individuals for breach of fiduciary duty as control persons. The suit seeks to recover unspecified damages on behalf of the alleged class, among other relief. After defendants moved to dismiss the case, the plaintiff filed an amended complaint on July 6, 2023, revising certain allegations and adding third parties as defendants. The defendants answered the amended complaint on September 15, 2023. The Company is subject to certain claims for advancement and indemnification by the individual defendants in this proceeding.
During the second quarter of 2024, the parties reached an agreement in principle through mediation to resolve all claims for approximately $21 million, and during the third quarter of 2024, the parties executed a formal stipulation of settlement reflecting such agreement in principle. The settlement is expected to be funded by the Company (based on its indemnification obligations) and available insurance of approximately $10 million, and proceeds from the insurance of a third party defendant of approximately $1.4 million. The settlement must be approved by the Court in order to be finalized. There can be no assurance that such stipulation of settlement will be approved by the Court. As of September 30, 2024, the Company reserved the aforementioned settlement and associated litigation costs of approximately $2.6 million in accounts payable and accrued expenses, and recorded insurance recoveries in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
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10. Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is included within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Cost of services$174 $75 $308 $(1,340)
Research and development537 (533)697 (265)
Selling and marketing394 (115)742 (195)
General and administrative2,531 1,004 4,546 2,386 
Total stock-based compensation expense1,2
$3,636 $431 $6,293 $586 
1 The Company recorded an aggregate reversal of stock-based compensation of a nominal amount and $4.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $3.3 million and $20.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, due to forfeiture activities upon employee terminations.
2 Includes $210 thousand and $288 thousand of expense related to the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

The Company maintains the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2021 Plan”), which allows for grants of stock-based awards. No awards granted under the 2021 Plan are exercisable after 10 years from the date of grant, and the awards granted under the 2021 Plan generally vest over a four-year period on a graded vesting basis; however, the Company also granted certain RSUs with vesting terms beginning 12 months from the grant date and vesting immediately on the grant date. On January 1 of each year through 2031, the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan may be increased automatically by the number of shares equal to 5% of the total number of shares of all classes of common stock issued and outstanding immediately preceding December 31. In January 2024, the number of Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2021 Plan automatically increased by 1,298,943 shares.
The Company also maintains the 2023 Equity Inducement Plan (the “Equity Inducement Plan”), which allows for grants of equity awards of the Company’s Class A common stock to individuals who were not previously an employee or director of the Company, or following a bona fide period of non-employment, as an inducement material to such persons entering into employment with the Company.
As of September 30, 2024, there was an aggregate of 1,746,140 shares available for grants of stock options or other awards under the 2021 Plan and Equity Inducement Plan.
Stock Options
The following table summarizes the stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

Stock Options
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
497,976 $42.80 
Exercised(43,380)$5.72 
Forfeited/Expired(88,219)$63.45 
Outstanding at September 30, 2024
366,377 $42.23 
Options exercisable at September 30, 2024
305,879 $36.73 
At September 30, 2024, unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the unvested portion of the Company’s stock options was $0.8 million, which is expected to be recognized on a graded-vesting basis over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years.
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Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
The following table summarizes the time-based RSU activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

Restricted Stock Units
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
1,507,877 $15.48 
Granted1,187,165 $11.37 
Vested(347,493)$19.39 
Forfeited(242,572)$18.40 
Outstanding at September 30, 2024
2,104,977 $11.99 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP”) authorizes the issuance of shares of Class A common stock pursuant to purchase rights granted to employees. On January 1 of each year through 2031, the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2021 ESPP may be increased automatically by the number of shares equal to 1% of the total number of shares of all classes of common stock issued and outstanding immediately preceding December 31.
The 2021 ESPP became open for enrollment in April 2024. Under the 2021 ESPP, eligible employees may purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a discount through payroll deductions during each discrete six-month offering period. The purchase price under each discrete offering period is equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the Class A common stock on the first and last day of the offering period.
The first offering period will be completed on October 31, 2024. As such, the Company has not issued any shares under the 2021 ESPP during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. A total of 596,604 shares of Class A common stock were reserved for future issuance under the 2021 ESPP as of September 30, 2024.
11. Income Taxes
Income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Income taxes for these periods are recorded at the Company’s estimated annual effective income tax rate, subject to adjustments for discrete events should they occur. The Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate was 0.56% and 0.35% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The difference between the Company’s effective tax rates in 2024 and 2023 compared to the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% is primarily due to changes in valuation allowances associated with the Company’s assessment of the likelihood of the recoverability of deferred tax assets. The Company currently has valuation allowances against a significant portion of its deferred tax assets primarily related to its net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards.
12. Net Loss per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders$(8,312)$(42,286)$(57,724)$(149,994)
Denominator:
Basic and diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding27,095,986 25,788,747 26,593,877 23,777,327 
Basic and diluted loss per share$(0.31)$(1.64)$(2.17)$(6.31)
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The following table summarizes the outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the period presented as the effect would be anti-dilutive:
September 30,
20242023
Outstanding options and RSUs to purchase Class A common stock2,471,354 2,321,011 
Outstanding warrants
666,515 666,515 
Outstanding 2021 ESPP shares28,512 — 
Total
3,166,381 2,987,526 
13. Restructuring Costs
Total restructuring costs were $0.4 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.5 million and $4.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The table below provides certain information concerning restructuring activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:
Reserve Balance at December 31, 2023
Charged to Costs and Expenses Payments and Other
Reserve Balance at September 30, 2024
Severance$1,853 $1,460 $(2,698)$615 
On October 30, 2023, the Company announced a continued strategic realignment of its organization to key priorities which includes the elimination of approximately 50 positions impacted on August 23, 2023, and approximately 35 positions impacted on October 30, 2023. Together these actions reduced the size of the Company’s workforce by 10% from the total number that existed at the time of the August reduction in force. In total, the Company announced cost saving initiatives, including but not limited to these reductions in force, that are expected to result in an excess of $40 million in annual cost reduction. The Company expects that all remaining cash severance payments will be complete in less than one year.
14. Supplemental Financial Information
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total of the same amounts shown on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents$57,894 $99,681 
Restricted cash (included in other assets)987 987 
Total$58,881 $100,668 
Restricted cash as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 primarily consists of money market deposit accounts that secure an irrevocable standby letter of credit that serves as collateral for security deposit operating leases.
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses$7,678 $8,640 
Other current assets12,622 1,958 
Total$20,300 $10,598 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Accounts payable$9,022 $10,238 
Accrued purchases11,075 12,154 
Legal reserves23,573 25 
Reserves for refunds to insurance carriers and others12,746 15,039 
Total$56,416 $37,456 
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Other current liabilities consisted of the following:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Accrued compensation$12,821 $12,465 
Accrued severance615 1,853 
Other3,065 2,018 
Total$16,501 $16,336 
Other liabilities consisted of the following:
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Warrant liability$1,540 $2,735 
Third party payor reserve12,000 12,000 
Total$13,540 $14,735 
2023 Capital Raise
On January 31, 2023, the Company raised approximately $150.0 million in gross proceeds and announced the closing of an underwritten public offering of 9,962,316 shares of its Class A common stock and a concurrent registered direct offering of 2,353,436 shares of its Class A common stock. The net offering proceeds received after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions payable by the Company were approximately $135.4 million. On April 17, 2023, following the Company’s receipt of stockholder approval for the issuance, the Company issued the remaining 676,868 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock in its previously announced registered direct offering for gross proceeds of approximately $7.6 million.
At-the-Market Offering
On April 29, 2024, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with TD Securities (USA) LLC (“TD Cowen”), pursuant to which the Company may, but is not obligated to, offer and sell, from time to time, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock with an aggregate offering price up to $75.0 million through TD Cowen, as sales agent, subject to the terms and conditions described in the Sales Agreement and SEC rules and regulations (the “ATM offering”). During the third quarter of 2024, the Company issued 418,653 shares of its Class A common stock in connection with the ATM offering at an average price of $35.83 per share. Proceeds received, net of agent fees and other offering expenses, were $14.6 million.
15. Segment Reporting
The Company’s structure is aligned with how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews the business, makes investing and resource allocation decisions and assesses operating performance. The Company’s two reportable segments are: (i) GeneDx inclusive of Legacy GeneDx and Legacy Sema4 data revenues and associated costs and (ii) Legacy Sema4 diagnostics. The GeneDx segment primarily provides pediatric and rare disease diagnostics with a focus on whole exome and genome sequencing and, to a lesser extent, data and information services. The Legacy Sema4 diagnostics segment provided reproductive and women’s health and somatic oncology diagnostic testing and screening products and has been completely shut down.
The CODM evaluates segment performance based on revenue and adjusted gross profit.
Three months ended September 30,
20242023
GeneDxLegacy Sema4TotalGeneDxLegacy Sema4Total
Revenue$76,622 $252 $76,874 $50,350 $2,953 $53,303 
Adjusted cost of services27,370 — 27,370 26,079 225 26,304 
Adjusted gross profit (1)
49,252 252 49,504 24,271 2,728 26,999 
Reconciliations:
Depreciation and amortization1,495 — 1,495 1,613 — 1,613 
Stock-based compensation174 — 174 75 — 75 
Restructuring charges6 — 6 52 — 52 
Gross profit$47,577 $252 $47,829 $22,531 $2,728 $25,259 
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Nine months ended September 30,
20242023
GeneDxLegacy Sema4TotalGeneDxLegacy Sema4Total
Revenue$207,007 $2,803 $209,810 $136,269 $8,879 $145,148 
Adjusted cost of services77,992 145 78,137 81,357 2,305 83,662 
Adjusted gross profit (1)
129,015 2,658 131,673 54,912 6,574 61,486 
Reconciliations:
Depreciation and amortization3,119 — 3,119 3,322 113 3,435 
Stock-based compensation308 — 308 631 (1,971)(1,340)
Restructuring charges54 — 54 108 31 139 
Gross profit$125,534 $2,658 $128,192 $50,851 $8,401 $59,252 
(1)Adjusted cost of services and adjusted gross profit exclude depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation expense and restructuring costs.
Management manages assets on a total company basis, not by reporting segment. The CODM does not regularly review any asset information by reporting segment and, accordingly, the Company does not report asset information by reporting segment.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”). This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements. You should carefully read the section entitled “Risk Factors” to gain an understanding of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements.
Overview
We are a leading genomics company—one that sits at the intersection of diagnostics and data science, pairing decades of genomic expertise with an ability to interpret clinical data at scale. We are focused on delivering personalized and actionable health insights to inform diagnosis, direct treatment and improve drug discovery. We believe we are well-positioned to accelerate the use of genomics and leverage large-scale clinical data to enable precision medicine as the standard of care. Our focus is in pediatric and rare diseases today, two areas in which we believe we have competitive advantage and can deliver on our vision.
See Note 1, “Organization and Description of Business” included in this Quarterly Report for more information on the Company’s history.
Factors Affecting Our Performance
We believe several important factors have impacted, and will continue to impact, our performance and results of operations. While each of these areas presents significant opportunities for us, they also pose significant risks and challenges that we must address. See the section titled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report and in our 2023 Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report, for further information.
Number of Resulted Tests
A test is resulted once the appropriate workflow is completed and details are provided to the ordered patients or healthcare professional for reviews, which corresponds to the timing of our revenue recognition. We believe the number of resulted tests in any period is important and useful to our investors because it directly correlates with long-term patient relationships and the size of our genomic database.
Success Obtaining and Maintaining Reimbursement
Our ability to increase the number of billable tests and our revenue therefrom will depend on our success in achieving reimbursement for our tests from third-party payors. Reimbursement by a payor may depend on several factors, including a payor’s determination that a test is appropriate, medically necessary, cost-effective, and has received prior authorization. The commercial success of our current and future products, if approved, will depend on the extent to which our customers receive coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payors. Since each payor makes its own decision as to whether to establish a policy or enter into a contract to provide coverage for our tests, as well as the amount it will reimburse us for a test, seeking these approvals is a time-consuming and costly process.
In cases where we or our partners have established reimbursement rates with third-party payors, we face additional challenges in complying with their procedural requirements for reimbursement. These requirements often vary from payor to payor and are reassessed by third-party payors regularly. As a result, in the past we have needed additional time and resources to comply with the requirements.
Third-party payors may decide to deny payment or seek to recoup payments for tests performed by us that they contend were improperly billed, not medically necessary or against their coverage determinations, or for which they believe they have otherwise overpaid. As a result, we may be required to refund payments already received, and our revenues may be subject to retroactive adjustment as a result of these factors among others.
We expect to continue to focus our resources on increasing the adoption of, and expanding coverage and reimbursement for, our current and any future tests we may develop or acquire. If we fail to expand and maintain broad adoption of, and coverage and reimbursement for, our tests, our ability to generate revenue and our future business prospects may be adversely affected.
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Ability to Lower the Costs Associated with Performing our Tests
Reducing the costs associated with performing our diagnostic tests is both our focus and a strategic objective. We source, and will continue to source, components of our diagnostic testing workflows from third parties. We also rely upon third-party service providers for data storage and workflow management.
Increasing Adoption of our Services by Existing and New Customers
Our performance depends on our ability to retain and broaden the adoption of our services with existing customers as well as our ability to attract new customers. Our success in retaining and gaining new customers is dependent on the market’s confidence in our services and the willingness of customers to continue to seek more comprehensive and integrated genomic and clinical data insights.
Investment in Platform Innovation to Support Commercial Growth
We are seeking to leverage and deploy our platforms to develop a pipeline of future disease-specific research and diagnostic and therapeutic products and services. We have limited experience in the development or commercialization of clinical or research products in connection with our database and platform.
We operate in a rapidly evolving and highly competitive industry. Our business faces changing technologies, shifting provider and patient needs, and frequent introductions of rival products and services. To compete successfully, we must accurately anticipate technology developments and deliver innovative, relevant, and useful products, services, and technologies on time. As our business evolves, the competitive pressure to innovate will encompass a wider range of products and services. We must continue to invest significant resources in research and development, including investments through acquisitions and partnerships. These investments are critical to the enhancement of our current diagnostics and health information and data science technologies from which existing and new service offerings are derived.
We expect to incur significant expenses to advance these development efforts, but they may not be successful. New potential services may fail at any stage of development and, if we determine that any of our current or future services are unlikely to succeed, we may abandon them without any return on our investment. If we are unsuccessful in developing additional services, our growth potential may be impaired.
Key Performance Indicators
We use the following key financial and operating metrics to evaluate our business and operations, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, project our future performance, and make strategic decisions. These key financial and operating metrics should be read in conjunction with the following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this report.
The principal focus of our commercial operations is to offer our diagnostic tests through both our direct sales force and laboratory distribution partners. Test volume correlates with genomic database size and long-term patient relationships. Thus, test volumes drive database diversity and enable potential identification of variants of unknown significance and population-specific insights. The number of tests resulted and the mix of test results, with a focus on driving whole exome and whole genome sequencing, are key indicators that we use to assess the operational efficiency of our business. Once the appropriate workflow is completed, the test is resulted and details are provided to ordered patients or healthcare professionals for reviews.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we resulted 171,955 tests, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, in which we resulted approximately 165,339 tests.
Key Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
Diagnostic Test Revenue
The majority of our revenue is derived from genetic and genomic diagnostic testing services for three groups of customers: healthcare professionals working with patients with third-party insurance coverage or without third-party insurance coverage, institutional clients such as hospitals, clinics, state governments and reference laboratories, and self-pay patients. The amount of revenue recognized for diagnostic testing services depends on a number of factors, such as contracted rates with our customers and third-party insurance providers, insurance reimbursement policies, payor mix, historical collection experience, price concessions and other business and economic conditions and trends. To date, the majority of our diagnostic test revenue has been earned from orders received for patients with third-party insurance coverage. Our ability to increase our diagnostic test revenue
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will depend on our ability to increase our market penetration, obtain contracted reimbursement coverage from third-party payors, enter into contracts with institutions, and increase our reimbursement rate for tests performed.
Other Revenue
We also generate revenue from collaboration service agreements with biopharma companies and other third parties, pursuant to which we provide health information and patient identification support services. Certain of these contracts provide non-refundable payments, which we record as contract liabilities, and variable payments based upon the achievement of certain milestones during the contract term.
With respect to existing collaboration and service agreements, our revenue may fluctuate period to period due to the pattern in which we may deliver our services, our ability to achieve milestones, the timing of costs incurred, changes in estimates of total anticipated costs that we expect to incur during the contract period, and other events that may not be within our control. Our ability to increase our revenue will depend on our ability to enter into contracts with third-party partners.
Cost of Services
The cost of services reflect the aggregate costs incurred in performing services, which include expenses for reagents and laboratory supplies, personnel-related expenses (comprising salaries and benefits) and stock-based compensation for employees directly involved in revenue generating activities, shipping and handling fees, costs of third-party reference lab testing and phlebotomy services, if any, and allocated genetic counseling, facility and information technology costs associated with delivery services. Allocated costs include depreciation of laboratory equipment, facility occupancy, and information technology costs. The cost of services are recorded as the services are performed.
We expect the cost of services to generally increase in line with the anticipated growth in diagnostic testing volume and services we provide under our collaboration service agreements. However, we expect the cost per test to decrease over the long term due to the efficiencies we may gain from improved utilization of our laboratory capacity, automation, and other value engineering initiatives. These expected reductions may be offset by new tests which often have a higher cost per test during the introductory phases before we can gain efficiencies. The cost per test may fluctuate from period to period.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses represent costs incurred to develop our technology and future test offerings. These costs are principally associated with our efforts to develop the software we use to analyze data and process customer orders. These costs primarily consist of personnel-related expenses (comprising salaries and benefits), stock-based compensation for employees performing research and development, innovation and product development activities, costs of reagents and laboratory supplies, costs of consultants and third-party services, equipment and related depreciation expenses, non-capitalizable software development costs, research funding to our research partners as part of research and development agreements and allocated facility and information technology costs associated with genomics medical research. Research and development costs are generally expensed as incurred and certain non-refundable advanced payments provided to our research partners are expensed as the related activities are performed.
We generally expect our research and development expenses to continue to increase as we innovate and expand the application of our platforms. However, we expect research and development expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenue in the long term, although the percentage may fluctuate from period to period due to the timing and extent of our development and commercialization efforts and fluctuations in our compensation-related charges.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of personnel-related expenses (comprising salaries and benefits) and stock-based compensation for employees performing commercial sales, account management, marketing, and certain genetic counseling services. Selling and marketing costs are expensed as incurred.
We generally expect our selling and marketing expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars as we expand our commercial sales and marketing and counseling teams and increase marketing activities. However, we expect selling and marketing expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenue in the long term, subject to fluctuations from period to period due to the timing and magnitude of these expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel-related expenses (comprising salaries, billing and benefits) and stock-based compensation for employees in executive leadership, legal, finance and accounting, human resources,
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information technology, and other administrative functions. In addition, these expenses include office occupancy and information technology costs. General and administrative costs are expensed as incurred.
We generally expect our general and administrative expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we increase headcount and incur costs associated with operating as a public company, including expenses related to legal, accounting, and regulatory matters, maintaining compliance with requirements of Nasdaq and of the SEC, and director and officer insurance premiums. We expect these expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenue in the long term as revenue increases, although the percentage may fluctuate from period to period due to fluctuations in our compensation-related charges.
Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods presented:
Three months ended September 30,
20242023$ Change% Change
Revenue

Diagnostic test revenue$77,418 $51,955 $25,463 49 %
Other revenue(544)1,348 (1,892)(140)%
Total revenue76,874 53,303 23,571 44 %
Cost of services    29,045 28,044 1,001 4 %
Gross profit47,829 25,259 22,570 89 %
Gross margin62 %47 %
Research and development11,665 14,288 (2,623)(18)%
Selling and marketing17,025 16,763 262 2 %
General and administrative26,145 26,099 46 — %
Impairment loss— 8,282 (8,282)NM
Other operating expenses, net774 2,794 (2,020)(72)%
Loss from operations(7,780)(42,967)35,187 (82)%
Non-operating income (expenses), net
Change in fair value of warrants and earn-out contingent liabilities (880)590 (1,470)NM
Interest (expense) income, net(843)1,053 (1,896)NM
Other income (expense), net1,144 (1,134)2,278 NM
Total non-operating income (expense), net(579)509 (1,088)(214)%
Loss before income taxes(8,359)(42,458)34,099 (80)%
Income tax benefit47 172 (125)(73)%
Net loss$(8,312)$(42,286)$33,974 (80)%
NM – Not Meaningful
Revenue
Total revenue increased by $23.6 million, or 44%, to $76.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $53.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Diagnostic test revenue increased by $25.5 million, or 49%, to $77.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $52.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase of $26.0 million, or 77%, primarily reflected an increase in whole exome and genome sequencing revenues resulting from a 46% increase in test volumes, partially coupled with higher whole exome and genome average reimbursement rates.
Other revenue decreased by $1.9 million, or 140%, to $(0.5) million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease reflected a negative adjustment in partnership revenues from our data business.
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Gross Profit
Gross profit increased by $22.6 million, or 89%, to $47.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $25.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, driven by a combination of a favorable shift in volume mix to higher margin whole exome and genome tests, an improvement in exome average reimbursement rates and continued cost per test leverage.
Research and Development
Research and development expense decreased by $2.6 million, or 18%, to $11.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $14.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower current period compensation costs of $1.0 million as a result of headcount reduction actions and a $1.7 million decrease in information technology, lab-related and sponsored research expenses related to the discontinued Legacy Sema4 business.
Selling and Marketing
Selling and marketing expense increased by $0.3 million, or 2%, to $17.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $16.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase reflected our investment to support growth in our commercial team.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense increased by a nominal amount, or 0.2%, to $26.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $26.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Lower depreciation expense as a result of the discontinued Legacy Sema4 business was offset by increased compensation and personnel-related costs.
Impairment Loss
The non-cash charge of $8.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 reflected the impairment of certain capital and right-of-use asset leases. See Note 5, “Property and Equipment, net” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
Other Operating Expenses, Net
Other operating expenses, net were $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared with $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. This decrease reflected a non-cash charge of $1.0 million in the prior period to reserve for obsolete Legacy Sema4 inventory and decreased services costs of $1.0 million following the expiration of the transition services agreement with OPKO in October 2023.
Non-Operating Income (Expense), Net
Non-operating income (expense), net decreased by $1.1 million, due to the significant increase in fair value of our warrant liabilities, an increase in interest expense as a result of the Perceptive term loan facility entered in the last quarter of 2023. This was offset by a reduction in legal reserves, net of insurance, of approximately $1.3 million. In addition, the prior period included contract termination costs of $1.0 million associated with the discontinued Legacy Sema4 business.
See Note 4, “Fair Value Measurements” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information on the changes in fair value of our warrant and earn-out contingent liabilities. Also see Note 9, “Purchase Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
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Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods presented:
Nine months ended September 30,
20242023$ Change% Change
Revenue

Diagnostic test revenue$207,961 $140,440 $67,521 48 %
Other revenue1,849 4,708 (2,859)(61)%
Total revenue209,810 145,148 64,662 45 %
Cost of services    81,618 85,896 (4,278)(5)%
Gross profit128,192 59,252 68,940 116 %
Gross margin61 %41 %
Research and development34,134 46,018 (11,884)(26)%
Selling and marketing49,695 45,397 4,298 9 %
General and administrative73,760 107,129 (33,369)(31)%
Impairment loss— 10,402 (10,402)NM
Other operating expenses, net2,622 5,259 (2,637)(50)%
Loss from operations(32,019)(154,953)122,934 (79)%
Non-operating income (expenses), net
Change in fair value of warrants and earn-out contingent liabilities (11,390)684 (12,074)NM
Interest (expense) income, net(2,334)2,092 (4,426)NM
Other income (expense), net(12,300)1,668 (13,968)NM
Total non-operating income (expense), net(26,024)4,444 (30,468)(686)%
Loss before income taxes(58,043)(150,509)92,466 (61)%
Income tax benefit319 515 (196)(38)%
Net loss$(57,724)$(149,994)$92,270 (62)%
NM – Not Meaningful
Revenue
Total revenue increased by $64.7 million, or 45%, to $209.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, from $145.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Diagnostic test revenue increased by $67.5 million, or 48%, to $208.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, from $140.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase of $69.6 million, or 82%, primarily reflected an increase in whole exome and genome sequencing revenues resulting from a 59% increase in test volumes coupled with improved whole exome and genome average reimbursement, partially offset by lower revenues from the now discontinued Legacy Sema4 business.
Other revenue decreased by $2.9 million, or 61%, to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, from $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease reflected a negative adjustment in partnership revenues from our data business.
Gross Profit
Gross profit increased by $68.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, driven by a combination of lower cost of services from the now discontinued Legacy Sema4 business and improved margins from Legacy GeneDx. The gross profit performance from Legacy GeneDx reflected favorable volume mix shift to higher margin whole exome and genome tests, partially offset by lower average cost per test associated with these tests.
Research and Development
Research and development expense decreased by $11.9 million, or 26%, to $34.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, from $46.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable
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to lower current period compensation costs as a result of headcount reduction actions and a decrease in depreciation expense of $5.2 million related to the discontinued Legacy Sema4 business.
Selling and Marketing
Selling and marketing expense increased by $4.3 million, or 9%, to $49.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, from $45.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase reflected our investment to support growth in our commercial team.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense decreased by $33.4 million, or 31%, to $73.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, from $107.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was attributable to lower current period expenses related to professional services, software and information technology related costs, insurance costs, fixed asset depreciation and personnel-related costs as a result of the restructuring to discontinue the Legacy Sema4 business.
Impairment Loss
The non-cash charge of $10.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 reflected the impairment of certain capital and right-of-use asset leases. See Note 5, “Property and Equipment, net” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
Other Operating Expenses, Net
Other operating expenses, net were $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared with $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in expense reflected decreased services costs following the expiration of the transition services agreement with OPKO in October 2023. This was partially offset by the impact of a gain recognized on the sale of certain assets sold as a result of an auction held during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which did not recur in the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Non-Operating Income (Expense), Net
Non-operating income (expense), net, decreased by $30.5 million, to $26.0 million of expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, from $4.4 million of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The current period results primarily included legal reserves, net of insurance, of approximately $12.1 million, net interest expense of $2.3 million, and non-cash charges of $10.1 million associated with the exercise of the Perceptive warrant and $1.3 million driven by the increase in fair value of our public and private warrant liabilities driven primarily by the increase in our stock price as of September 30, 2024. See Note 4, “Fair Value Measurements” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information on the changes in fair value of our warrant and earn-out contingent liabilities. Also see Note 9, “Purchase Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
The prior year results included net interest income of $2.1 million driven by higher cash balances as a result of the public offering of Class A common stock in the first quarter of 2023 and the principal loan forgiveness of $2.8 million under the amendment to our loan from the Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development (“DECD”). See Note 8, “Long-Term Debt” and Note 14, “Supplemental Financial Information” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to our results determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”), we believe the following non-GAAP measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use the following non-GAAP financial information to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance. However, non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly-titled non-GAAP measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison. A reconciliation is provided below for each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
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Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools and you should not consider them in isolation, or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. We may in the future incur expenses similar to the adjustments in the presentation of non-GAAP financial measures. Other limitations include that non-GAAP financial measures do not reflect:
•all expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
•changes in our working capital needs;
•the costs of replacing the assets being depreciated, which will often have to be replaced in the future;
•the non-cash component of employee compensation expense; and
•the impact of earnings or charges resulting from matters we consider not to be reflective, on a recurring basis, of our ongoing operations.
Adjusted Gross Profit and Adjusted Gross Margin
Adjusted gross profit is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as revenue less cost of services, excluding depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation expense and restructuring costs. We define adjusted gross margin as our adjusted gross profit divided by our revenue. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry, as these metrics generally eliminate the effects of certain items that may vary from company to company for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance.
The following is a reconciliation of gross profit to our adjusted gross profit and of our gross margin to adjusted gross margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Revenue$76,874 $53,303 $209,810 $145,148 
Cost of services29,045 28,044 81,618 85,896 
Gross profit $47,829 $25,259 $128,192 $59,252 
Gross margin62.2 %47.4 %61.1 %40.8 %
Add:
Depreciation and amortization expense$1,495 $1,613 $3,119 $3,435 
Stock-based compensation expense174 75 308 (1,340)
Restructuring costs (1)
6 52 54 139 
Adjusted gross profit $49,504 $26,999 $131,673 $61,486 
Adjusted gross margin64.4 %50.7 %62.8 %42.4 %
(1)Represent costs incurred for restructuring activities, which include severance costs to impacted employees and third-party consulting costs incurred during the periods presented.
Adjusted Net Income (Loss)
Adjusted net income (loss) is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as net loss adjusted for depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expenses, impairment loss, restructuring costs, change in fair value of financial liabilities, gain on sale of assets, provision for excess and obsolete inventory associated with Legacy Sema4, gain on debt forgiveness and other (income) expense, net. We believe adjusted net income (loss) is useful in evaluating our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry, as this metric generally eliminates the effects of certain factors that may vary from company to company for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance.
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The following is a reconciliation of our net loss to adjusted net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Net loss$(8,312)$(42,286)$(57,724)$(149,994)
Depreciation and amortization expense5,929 8,672 16,395 27,640 
Stock-based compensation expense3,636 431 6,293 586 
Impairment loss (1)
— 8,282 — 10,402 
Restructuring costs (2)
369 2,191 1,460 4,548 
Change in fair value of financial liabilities (3)
880 (590)11,390 (684)
Gain on sale of assets— — — (2,954)
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory associated with Legacy Sema4— 1,014 — 3,634 
Gain on debt forgiveness (4)
— — — (2,750)
Other (5)
(1,327)1,134 12,123 1,082 
Adjusted net income (loss)$1,175 $(21,152)$(10,063)$(108,490)
(1)Represents the impairment of certain capital and right-of-use asset leases.
(2)Represent costs incurred for restructuring activities, which include severance, and in the prior periods, third-party consulting costs.
(3)Represents the change in fair value of the liabilities associated with our public warrants, private placement warrants, Perceptive warrant and the earn-out shares.
(4)Represents principal loan forgiveness under the amendment to the DECD loan.
(5)For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, represents reserves net of insurance for a certain litigation matter. See Note 9 “Purchase Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, represents contract termination costs associated with the discontinued Legacy Sema4 business.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Management believes that our cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale marketable securities provide us with sufficient liquidity for at least 12 months from the filing date of this Quarterly Report.
Accordingly, our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report have been prepared on a basis that assumes we will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. Nevertheless, we may also seek additional funding in the future through the sale of common or preferred equity or convertible debt securities, drawing on the additional $25 million tranche of the term loan under the Perceptive term loan facility, the entry into other credit facilities or another form of third-party funding, by seeking other debt financing or by disposing assets or businesses. See Note 8, “Long-Term Debt” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Perceptive term loan facility.
We have an effective shelf registration statement that we filed with the SEC in August of 2022, registering $300 million shares of our Class A common stock and other securities. As of September 30, 2024, $150 million of securities remained available under this registration statement.
In addition, we have entered into a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with TD Securities (USA) LLC (“TD Cowen”) pursuant to which we may, but are not obligated to, offer and sell, from time to time, shares of our Class A common stock with an aggregate offering price up to $75.0 million through TD Cowen, as sales agent, subject to the terms and conditions described in the Sales Agreement and SEC rules and regulations (our “ATM offering”). During the third quarter of 2024, we issued 418,653 shares of our Class A common stock in connection with the ATM offering at an average price of $35.83 per share. Proceeds received, net of agent fees and other offering expenses, were $14.6 million.
Material Cash Requirements for Known Contractual Obligations and Commitments
We anticipate fulfilling our contractual obligations and commitments with existing cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale marketable securities, which amounted to $116.5 million at September 30, 2024, through additional capital raised to finance our operations, including pursuant to our ATM offering, or through an additional tranche of $25 million under the Perceptive credit facility, which is subject to certain conditions. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further information.
As discussed in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements, in 2022, we entered into an agreement with one of our third-party payors to settle for $42.0 million claims related to coverage and billing matters allegedly resulting in overpayments by the payor to Legacy Sema4. As of September 30, 2024, remaining payments due to the payor were $22.0 million.
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For more information regarding this matter, see Note 4, “Revenue Recognition” to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2023 Form 10-K and Note 3, “Revenue Recognition,” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included within this Quarterly Report, respectively.
Cash Flows
Nine months ended September 30,
20242023
Net cash used in operating activities$(25,313)$(150,289)
Net cash used in investing activities(29,613)(38,862)
Net cash provided by financing activities13,139 139,135 
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $25.3 million, driven by lower cash expenditures associated with the current period net loss as compared with the prior period, which reflected improved gross margin profitability, as well as the realization of cost savings from exiting the Legacy Sema4 business and other previously announced cost reduction initiatives.
Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $150.3 million, driven by higher cash expenditures associated with the prior period net loss, which reflected the costs associated with the exiting of the Legacy Sema4 business.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $29.6 million, which included purchases of marketable securities of $52.7 million and $2.4 million of capital expenditures, partially offset by $25.6 million in proceeds from the sales and maturities of marketable securities.
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $38.9 million, which primarily included purchases of marketable securities of $43.9 million, $12.1 million in consideration in escrow paid for the Legacy GeneDx acquisition and $2.9 million in purchases of property and equipment, which was offset partially by $16.7 million in proceeds from the maturities of marketable securities and $3.9 million in proceeds from the sale of assets.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $13.1 million, primarily driven by the $14.6 million net proceeds from our ATM offering, net of issuance costs, which was offset partially by $1.5 million of finance lease payments and $0.2 million of principal payments on the DECD loan.
Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $139.1 million, which was primarily driven by the $143.0 million net proceeds from our January 2023 underwritten public offering and concurrent registered direct offering, net of issuance costs, which was offset partially by a payment of $2.0 million on the DECD loan and $2.1 million of finance lease payments.
See Note 8, “Long-Term Debt” and Note 14, “Supplemental Financial Information” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported revenue generated and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about items that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Our critical accounting policies and estimates are described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements included in the 2023 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting
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policies and estimates in the current period. For further information, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Filer Status
Loss of Smaller Reporting Company Status
Because the market value of our shares of Class A common stock held by non-affiliates was between $250 million and $700 million as of June 30, 2024 and our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was more than $100 million, we will continue to be deemed an accelerated filer under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2024. However, we are no longer a “smaller reporting company” and will no longer be eligible to rely on the scaled disclosure exemptions available to smaller reporting companies starting with our first Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in 2025.
JOBS Act Accounting Election
We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”). The JOBS Act allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period and, as a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. We also intend to rely on other exemptions provided by the JOBS Act, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) September 1, 2025, (2) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, (3) the last day of the fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our Class A common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700.0 million as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such year or (4) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Additional information on recent accounting pronouncements can be found in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements included within our 2023 Form 10-K, and Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily relate to interest rates. Our cash, cash equivalents, available-for-sale marketable securities and restricted cash consists of bank deposits and money market funds, which totaled $117.4 million at September 30, 2024 and $131.1 million at December 31, 2023, respectively. Such interest-bearing instruments carry a degree of risk. However, because our investments are primarily high-quality credit instruments with short-term durations with high-quality institutions, we have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in interest rates. A 100-basis point change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair market value of our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash.
We are also exposed to interest rate risk on our variable rate debt associated with the Perceptive term loan facility. Changes in interest rates can impact future interest payments we are obligated to pay.
See Note 8, “Long-Term Debt” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2024 because of the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2023 that we previously identified in Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” of our 2023 Form 10-K had not been fully remediated at September 30, 2024.
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Notwithstanding the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, our management has concluded that our condensed consolidated financial statements included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are fairly stated in all material respects in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
Previously Reported Material Weakness
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
As described in more detail in Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” of our 2023 Form 10-K, the material weakness identified related to the fact that our accounting and operating systems lacked controls over access, and program change management that are needed to ensure access to financial data is adequately restricted to appropriate personnel, including consideration of the appropriate segregation of duties. As a result, it is possible that our business process controls that depend on the accuracy and completeness of data or financial reports generated by our information technology system could be adversely affected due to the lack of operating effectiveness of the information technology general controls (“ITGCs”).
Remediation Plan
Our management is actively engaged and committed to taking the steps necessary to remediate the material weakness over user access and program change management in order to establish a strong internal control environment. Remediation actions undertaken during 2023 and planned are described in more detail in Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” of our 2023 Form 10-K.
While significant progress has been made to strengthen the design and operating effectiveness of our ITGCs, management has concluded that as of September 30, 2024, there was not a sufficient period of time available to sufficiently test nor conclude that enhanced internal controls were fully implemented and operating effectively. We will continue to monitor the effectiveness of ITGC remediation actions in connection with future assessments of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Assessment results will be used to validate the efficacy of our ITGC remediation efforts and identify any additional actions necessary to ensure ongoing design and operating effectiveness.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 covered by this Quarterly Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We are continuing to take steps to remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, as discussed above.
Inherent Limitation on the Effectiveness of Internal Control
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures, or our internal controls, will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company have been detected.
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Part II - Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Information required under this Item is contained above in Part I. Financial Information, Item 1, Note 9, “Purchase Commitments and Contingencies,” included within this Quarterly Report and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Except for as set forth below, there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our 2023 Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of each of our Quarterly Reports for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2024, and June 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on July 30, 2024, which sections are incorporated by reference herein.
Changes in FDA enforcement discretion for laboratory developed tests (“LDTs”) could subject our operations to much more significant regulatory requirements.
We currently offer an LDT version of certain tests. Historically, the FDA has exercised a policy of enforcement discretion with respect to most LDTs, whereby the FDA did not actively enforce its medical device regulatory requirements for such tests. However, at various points in recent years, FDA has indicated that it intends to end enforcement discretion for many tests offered as LDTs, and to require such tests to comply with certain FDA regulatory requirements. The FDA Commissioner and the Director of the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (“CDRH”) have expressed significant concerns regarding performance disparities between some LDTs and in vitro diagnostics that have been reviewed, cleared, authorized or approved by the FDA.
Most recently, on April 29, 2024, the FDA published a final rule on LDTs, in which FDA outlines its plans to end enforcement discretion for many LDTs in five stages over a four-year period. In Phase 1 (effective May 6, 2025), clinical laboratories would be required to comply with medical device (adverse event) reporting, correction/removal reporting, and certain quality systems complaint handling requirements. In Phase 2 (effective May 6, 2026), clinical laboratories would be required to comply with all other device requirements (e.g., registration/listing, labeling, investigational use), except for remaining quality systems requirements and premarket review. In Phase 3 (effective May 6, 2027), clinical laboratories would be required to comply with all remaining applicable quality systems requirements. In Phase 4 (effective November 6, 2027), clinical laboratories would be required to comply with premarket submission requirements for high-risk tests (i.e., tests subject to premarket approval (PMA) requirement). Finally, in Phase 5 (effective May 6, 2028), clinical laboratories would be required comply with premarket submission requirements for moderate- and low-risk tests (i.e., tests subject to de novo or 510(k) requirement). The final rule potentially extends enforcement discretion for certain tests – e.g., LDTs approved by the New York State Department of Health, and LDTs first marketed prior to May 6, 2024 which are not modified or are modified in certain limited ways – from certain FDA regulatory requirements, provided certain important limitations have been met. We are actively reviewing the final rule to evaluate its applicability to our operations, and the extent to which we may be required to modify our operations to comply with its requirements.
Multiple lawsuits have been filed challenging the FDA’s authority to regulate LDTs as medical devices under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The outcome of these lawsuits is uncertain at this time.
If the FDA were to determine that certain tests offered by us as LDTs are no longer eligible for enforcement discretion for any reason, including new rules, policies or guidance, or due to changes in statute, our tests may become subject to extensive FDA requirements or our business may otherwise be adversely affected. If the FDA were to actively regulate our LDTs, we could experience reduced revenue or increased costs, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. If required, the regulatory marketing authorization process required to bring our current or future LDTs into compliance may involve, among other things, successfully completing additional clinical validations and submitting to and obtaining clearance from the FDA for a premarket clearance (510(k)) submission or authorization for a de novo submission or approval of a premarket approval application. Furthermore, pending legislative proposals, if enacted, such as the VALID Act, could create new or different regulatory and compliance burdens on us and could have a negative effect on our ability to keep products on the market or develop new products, which could have a material effect on our business. In the event that the FDA requires marketing authorization of our LDTs in the future, the FDA may not ultimately grant any clearance, authorization or approval requested by us in a timely manner, may limit our indication in a way that is not commercially desirable, or refuse to provide such authorization at all. In addition, if the FDA inspects our laboratory in relation to the marketing of any FDA-authorized test, any enforcement action the FDA takes might not be limited to the FDA-authorized test carried by us and could encompass our other testing services.
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Complying with numerous statutes and regulations pertaining to our business is an expensive and time-consuming process, and any failure to comply could result in substantial penalties.
In addition to the risks set out under this heading in our 2023 Form 10-K, the U.S. Supreme Court recently reversed its longstanding approach under the Chevron doctrine, which provided for judicial deference to regulatory agencies. As a result of this decision, we cannot be sure whether there will be increased challenges to existing agency regulations or how lower courts will apply the decision in the context of other regulatory schemes without more specific guidance from the U.S. Supreme Court. For example, the U.S. Supreme Court's decision could significantly impact healthcare, privacy, artificial intelligence and anti-corruption practices and other regulatory regimes with which we are required to comply. Any such regulatory developments could result in uncertainty about and changes in the ways such regulations apply to us, and may require additional resources to ensure our continued compliance.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Plan Adoptions and Modifications
On August 16, 2024, Katherine Stueland, our Chief Executive Officer, entered into a written plan for the potential sale of up to an aggregate of 312,808 shares of our Class A common stock, including shares underlying Ms. Stueland’s restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards (the “Stueland 10b5-1 Plan”). The Stueland 10b5-1 Plan is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act and will be effective from November 15, 2024 to October 30, 2025.
On August 21, 2024, Kevin Feeley, our Chief Financial Officer, entered into a written plan for the potential sale of up to an aggregate of 117,713 shares of our Class A common stock, including shares underlying Mr. Feeley’s RSU and stock option awards (the “Feeley 10b5-1 Plan”). The Feeley 10b5-1 Plan is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act and will be effective from November 21, 2024 to October 30, 2025.
Each 10b5-1 plan included a representation from the applicable officer to the broker administering the plan that the officer was not in possession of any material nonpublic information regarding the Company or the securities subject to the plan. A similar representation was made to us in a certification from each officer provided to us in connection with the adoption of the applicable plan under our insider trading policy. Those representations were made as of the date of adoption of the applicable 10b5-1 plan or the certification, as applicable, and speak only as of those dates. In making those representations, there is no assurance with respect to any material non-public information of which the officer was unaware, or with respect to any material non-public information acquired by the officer or us after the applicable date of the representation.
Other than as disclosed above, during the three months ended September 30, 2024, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements” or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
Supplemental Disclosure to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023
The following updates Part I, Item 1. “Business—Intellectual Property—Patents” in our 2023 Form 10-K:
Patents
The fields of genomic and health information analysis present limited opportunities for patent protection, based on current legal precedents. Our patent protection strategy has focused on seeking protection for certain of our non-gene specific technology and our specific biomarkers. In this regard, we have three pending U.S. non-provisional utility patent applications and two U.S. provisional patent applications. The utility patent applications include a U.S. patent application related to generating a cancer
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diagnosis from electronic health records using a cancer diagnosis analysis system, a U.S. patent application related to providing a homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency score for a cancer patient, and a U.S. patent application related to therapeutic treatment for subjects having certain polymorphic markers associated with specific human leukocyte antigen alleles. If patents are issued from the currently pending applications, the earliest patents will begin expiring in the early 2040s, subject to potential extensions of the patent term that will be calculated based on the length of the patent examination process. The claim scope of any potentially issued patents stemming from the present applications may be narrower than initial filings due to any amendments that may arise throughout their prosecution.
We do not presently have any patents directed to the sequences of specific genes or variants of such genes, nor do we currently rely on any in-licensed gene patent rights of any third party. We may, in time, seek additional patent protection to protect technology that is not gene-specific and that provides us with a potential competitive advantage as we focus on making comprehensive genetic information less expensive and more broadly available to our customers.
The following updates Part I, Item 1. “Business—Government Regulation—Information Blocking Prohibition” in our 2023 Form 10-K, and Part II, Item 5 “Supplemental Disclosure to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023” of each of our Quarterly Reports for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2024, and June 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on July 30, 2024:
Information Blocking Prohibition
On May 1, 2020, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (“ONC”) promulgated final regulations under the authority of the 21st Century Cures Act to impose new conditions to obtain and maintain certification of certified health information technology and prohibit certain covered actors, including developers of certified health information technology, health information networks/health information exchanges, and health care providers, from engaging in activities that are likely to interfere with the access, exchange, or use of electronic health information (information blocking). The final regulations further defined exceptions for activities that are permissible, even though they may have the effect of interfering with the access, exchange, or use of electronic health information. The information blocking regulations compliance date was April 5, 2021 and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) subsequently issued a final rule called the HTI-1 Rule that, among other things, revised the information blocking regulations, effective March 11, 2024. On August 5, 2024, ONC published in the Federal Register a proposed rule called the HTI-2 Proposed Rule that, among other things, will further revise the information blocking regulations, if finalized. Under the 21st Century Cures Act, health care providers that violate the information blocking prohibition will be subject to appropriate disincentives. On July 1, 2024, the HHS published in the Federal Register a final rule to establish such disincentives, effective July 31, 2024. Developers of certified information technology and health information networks/health information exchanges, however, may be subject to civil monetary penalties of up to $1 million per violation (adjusted for inflation). The HHS Office of Inspector General has the authority to impose such penalties and on July 3, 2023, published a final rule in the Federal Register codifying new authority in regulation, which became effective September 1, 2023. On July 29, 2024, HHS published a statement in the Federal Register that, among other things, announced a reorganization of certain roles and functions and renamed ONC the Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy and Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, or ASTP/ONC.
The following updates Part I, Item 1. “Business—Government Regulation—Reimbursement and Billing” in our 2023 Form 10-K, and Part II, Item 5 “Supplemental Disclosure to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023” of each of our Quarterly Reports for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2024, and June 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on July 30, 2024:
Reimbursement and Billing
In April 2014, Congress passed the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (“PAMA”), which included substantial changes to the way in which clinical laboratory services are paid under Medicare. Under PAMA (as amended) and its implementing regulations, laboratories that realize at least $12,500 in Medicare Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule (“CLFS”) revenues during the six month reporting period and that receive the majority of their Medicare revenue from payments made under the CLFS or the Physician Fee Schedule must report, beginning in 2017, and then in 2026 and every three years thereafter (or annually for “advanced diagnostic laboratory tests”), private payor payment rates and volumes for their tests. None of our tests meet the current definition of advanced diagnostic laboratory tests, and therefore we believe we are required to report private payor rates for our tests on an every three- years basis, starting next in 2026. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) use the rates and volumes reported by laboratories to develop Medicare payment rates for the tests equal to the volume-weighted median of the private payor payment rates for the tests. Laboratories that fail to report the required payment information may be subject to substantial civil money penalties.
As set forth under the regulations implementing PAMA, for tests furnished on or after January 1, 2018, Medicare payments for clinical diagnostic laboratory tests are paid based upon these reported private payor rates. For clinical diagnostic laboratory tests that are assigned a new or substantially revised code, initial payment rates for clinical diagnostic laboratory tests that are not
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advanced diagnostic laboratory tests will be assigned by the crosswalk or gap-fill methodology, as under prior law. Initial payment rates for new advanced diagnostic laboratory tests will be based on the actual list charge for the laboratory test.
The payment rates calculated under PAMA went into effect starting January 1, 2018. Where applicable, reductions to payment rates resulting from the new methodology were limited to 10% per test per year in each of the years 2018 through 2020. Rates were held at 2020 levels during 2021 through 2024 and will continue to be held at such levels in 2025. Then, where applicable based upon median private payor rates reported in 2017 or 2026, reduced by up to 15% per test per year in each of 2026 through 2028 (with a second round of private payor rate reporting in 2026 to establish rates for 2027 through 2029).
PAMA codified Medicare coverage rules for laboratory tests by requiring any local coverage determination to be made following the local coverage determination process. PAMA also authorizes CMS to consolidate coverage policies for clinical laboratory tests among one to four laboratory-specific Medicare Administrative Contractors (“MACs”). These same contractors may also be designated to process claims if CMS determines that such a model is appropriate. It is unclear whether CMS will proceed with contractor consolidation under this authorization.
PAMA also authorized the adoption of new, temporary billing codes and/or unique test identifiers for FDA-cleared or approved tests as well as advanced diagnostic laboratory tests. The American Medical Association has created a section of billing codes, Proprietary Laboratory Analyses (“PLA”), to facilitate implementation of this section of PAMA. These codes may apply to one or more of our tests if we apply for PLA coding.
Reimbursement and billing for diagnostic services is highly complex, and errors in billing potentially can result in denied claims and/or in substantial obligations to repay overpayments to payors. Laboratories must bill various payors, such as private third-party payors, including managed care organizations (“MCO”), and state and federal health care programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and each may have different billing requirements. Additionally, the audit requirements we must meet to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations, as well as our internal compliance policies and procedures, add further complexity to the billing process. Other factors that complicate billing include:
•variability in coverage and information requirements among various payors;
•patient financial assistance programs;
•missing, incomplete or inaccurate billing information provided by ordering physicians;
•billings to payors with whom we do not have contracts;
•disputes with payors as to which party is responsible for payment; and
•disputes with payors as to the appropriate level of reimbursement.
Depending on the reimbursement arrangement and applicable law, the party that reimburses us for our services may be:
•a third party who provides coverage to the patient, such as an insurance company or MCO;
•a state or federal healthcare program; or
•the patient.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report.
No.Description of ExhibitFiled Herewith
31.1X
31.2X
32.1**X
32.2**X
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document.
X
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
X
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
X
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.X
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
X
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.X
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibit 101).
X
** Furnished
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
GENEDX HOLDINGS CORP.
Date:
October 29, 2024
/s/ Katherine Stueland
Name:
Katherine Stueland
Title:
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:
October 29, 2024
/s/ Kevin Feeley
Name:
Kevin Feeley
Title:
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
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