The Group’s CCyB is based on the buffer rate applicable for each jurisdiction in which the Group has exposures. The buffer rates set by other national authorities for non-UK exposures are not currently material.
The Group’s Pillar 2A requirement as per the PRA's Individual Capital Requirement is 4.6% of which at least 56.25% needs to be met with CET1 capital, equating to 2.6% of RWAs. The Pillar 2A requirement, based on a point in time assessment, has been set as a proportion of RWAs and is subject to at least annual review.
The Group’s CET1 target ratio of 13-14% takes into account headroom above requirements which includes a confidential institution-specific PRA buffer. The Group remains above its minimum capital regulatory requirements including the PRA buffer.
Leverage
The Group is subject to a UK leverage ratio requirement of 4.1%. This comprises the 3.25% minimum requirement, a G-SII additional leverage ratio buffer (G-SII ALRB) of 0.53% and a countercyclical leverage ratio buffer (CCLB) of 0.3%. The Group is also required to disclose an average UK leverage ratio which is based on capital on the last day of each month in the quarter and an exposure measure for each day in the quarter.
MREL
The Group is required to meet the higher of: (i) two times the sum of 8% Pillar 1 and 4.6% Pillar 2A equating to 25.2% of RWAs; and (ii) 6.75% of leverage exposures. In addition, the higher of regulatory capital and leverage buffers apply. CET1 capital cannot be counted towards both MREL and the buffers, meaning that the buffers, including the above mentioned confidential institution-specific PRA buffer, will effectively be applied above MREL requirements.
Significant regulatory updates in the period
Following its 12 December 2023 publication of ‘Implementation of the Basel 3.1 standards near-final part 1’ (PS12/23), covering Credit Valuation Adjustments, Counterparty Credit Risk, Market Risk and Operational Risk, on 12 September 2024 the PRA published its near-final policy statement ‘Implementation of the Basel 3.1 standards near-final part 2’ (PS9/24) covering the remaining aspects of the Basel 3.1 standards. This covered Credit Risk, Credit Risk Mitigation, the Output Floor, and Reporting and Disclosure requirements. Additionally, the policy statement confirmed that the implementation date for Basel 3.1 within the United Kingdom will be deferred by 6 months to 1 January 2026.
Fair value through other comprehensive income reserve
(1,516)
(1,366)
Cash flow hedging reserve
(2,298)
(3,707)
Own credit reserve
(729)
(240)
Other reserves and treasury shares
1,724
1,565
Total
(476)
(77)
,
Barclays PLC
44
Appendix: Non-IFRS Performance Measures
The Group’s management believes that the non-IFRS performance measures included in this document provide valuable information to the readers of the financial statements, as they enable the reader to identify a more consistent basis for comparing the businesses’ performance between financial periods, and provide more detail concerning the elements of performance which the managers of these businesses are most directly able to influence or are relevant for an assessment of the Group. They also reflect an important aspect of the way in which operating targets are defined and performance is monitored by management.
However, any non-IFRS performance measures in this document are not a substitute for IFRS measures and readers should consider the IFRS measures as well.
Returns
Nine months ended 30.09.24
Barclays UK
Barclays UK Corporate Bank
Barclays Private Bank and Wealth Management
Barclays Investment Bank
Barclays US Consumer Bank
Head Office
Barclays Group
Return on average tangible equity
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Attributable profit/(loss)
1,684
392
225
2,266
208
(424)
4,351
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
Average equity
14.4
3.0
1.1
29.8
3.7
6.3
58.3
Average goodwill and intangibles
(3.9)
—
(0.1)
—
(0.4)
(3.5)
(7.9)
Average tangible equity
10.5
3.0
1.0
29.8
3.3
2.8
50.4
Return on average tangible equity
21.4%
17.3%
29.5%
10.1%
8.4%
n/m
11.5%
Nine months ended 30.09.23
Barclays UK
Barclays UK Corporate Bank
Barclays Private Bank and Wealth Management
Barclays Investment Bank
Barclays US Consumer Bank
Head Office
Barclays Group
Return on average tangible equity
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Attributable profit/(loss)
1,580
525
283
2,190
134
(327)
4,385
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
Average equity
14.0
2.9
1.1
29.0
3.9
4.6
55.5
Average goodwill and intangibles
(3.8)
—
(0.1)
—
(0.7)
(3.9)
(8.5)
Average tangible equity
10.2
2.9
1.0
29.0
3.2
0.7
47.0
Return on average tangible equity
20.6%
24.4%
37.1%
10.1%
5.7%
n/m
12.5%
,
巴克萊銀行
45
附錄:非國際財務報告準則績效指標
巴克萊集團
平均有形股東權益回報率
Q324
Q224
Q124
Q423
Q323
Q223
Q123
Q422
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
歸屬利潤/(虧損)
1,564
1,237
1,550
(111)
1,274
1,328
1,783
1,036
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
平均股東權益
59.1
57.7
58.3
57.1
55.1
55.4
55.9
54.9
平均商譽及無形資產
(8.1)
(7.9)
(7.8)
(8.2)
(8.6)
(8.7)
(8.3)
(8.2)
平均有形股東權益
51.0
49.8
50.5
48.9
46.5
46.7
47.6
46.7
平均有形股東權益回報率
12.3%
9.9%
12.3%
(0.9)%
11.0%
11.4%
15.0%
8.9%
巴克萊銀行英國
平均分配實物股本回報
Q324
Q224
Q124
Q423
Q323
Q223
Q123
Q422
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
可歸屬利潤
621
584
479
382
531
534
515
474
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
平均分配股本
14.5
14.4
14.3
14.1
14.0
14.2
13.9
13.7
平均商譽及無形資產
(3.9)
(3.9)
(3.9)
(3.9)
(3.9)
(4.0)
(3.6)
(3.5)
平均分配有形股本
10.6
10.5
10.4
10.2
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.2
平均分配實物股本回報
23.4%
22.3%
18.5%
14.9%
21.0%
20.9%
20.0%
18.7%
巴克萊銀行英國企業銀行
平均分配實物股本回報
Q324
Q224
Q124
Q423
Q323
Q223
Q123
Q422
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
可歸屬利潤
144
135
113
59
129
239
157
131
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
平均分配的股本
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
平均商譽及無形資產
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
平均分配的有形股本
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
平均分配的有形股本回報率
18.8%
18.0%
15.2%
8.4%
18.3%
32.9%
21.7%
17.8%
巴克萊銀行私人銀行和财富管理
平均分配實物股本回報
Q324
Q224
Q124
Q423
Q323
Q223
Q123
Q422
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
£百萬
£百萬
可歸屬利潤
74
77
74
47
102
91
90
92
£十億
£十億
£十億
£十億
£十億
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
平均分配股本
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
平均商譽和無形資產
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
平均分配有形股本
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
平均分配有形股本回報率
29.0%
30.8%
28.7%
19.1%
41.2%
35.9%
34.5%
34.9%
,
巴克萊銀行
46
附錄:非國際財務報告準則績效指標
巴克萊銀行投資銀行
平均分配有形股本回報
Q324
Q224
Q124
Q423
Q323
Q223
Q123
Q422
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
歸屬利潤/(虧損)
652
715
899
(149)
580
562
1,048
313
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
億英鎊
億英鎊
億英鎊
平均分配股本
29.5
29.9
30.0
28.9
28.8
29.0
29.1
30.9
平均商譽和無形資產
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
平均分配有形股本
29.5
29.9
30.0
28.9
28.8
29.0
29.1
30.9
平均分配有形股本的回報率
8.8%
9.6%
12.0%
(2.1)%
8.0%
7.7%
14.4%
4.0%
巴克萊銀行美國消費銀行
平均已分配淨資產回報率
Q324
Q224
Q124
Q423
Q323
Q223
Q123
Q422
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
歸屬利潤/(損失)
89
75
44
(3)
3
72
59
101
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
十億英鎊
億英鎊
億英鎊
億英鎊
平均分配權益
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.1
平均商譽和無形資產
(0.5)
(0.3)
(0.3)
(0.3)
(0.7)
(0.8)
(0.8)
(0.9)
平均分配有形權益
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
平均分配有形權益的回報率
10.9%
9.2%
5.3%
(0.3)%
0.4%
9.3%
7.5%
12.6%
,
巴克萊銀行
47
附錄:非國際財務報告準則績效指標
不包括非有機活動影響的績效指標
截至2024年9月30日的九個月
巴克萊銀行英國
巴克萊銀行英國企業銀行
巴克萊銀行私人銀行與财富管理
巴克萊銀行投資銀行
巴克萊銀行美國消費銀行
總部
巴克萊集團
£百萬
£百萬
£百萬
£百萬
£百萬
£百萬
£百萬
總收入
5,659
1,322
958
9,198
2,469
218
19,824
無機活動
—
—
—
—
—
(240)
(240)
不包括無機活動的總收入
5,659
1,322
958
9,198
2,469
458
20,064
總營業費用
(3,114)
(708)
(657)
(5,818)
(1,193)
(653)
(12,143)
成本:不包括無機活動的收入比
55%
54%
69%
63%
48%
不適用
61%
歸屬利潤/(損失)
1,684
392
225
2,266
208
(424)
4,351
無機活動的稅後影響
—
—
—
—
—
(233)
(233)
不包括無機活動的歸屬利潤/(損失)
1,684
392
225
2,266
208
(191)
4,584
平均有形股本(十億英鎊)
10.5
3.0
1.0
29.8
3.3
2.8
50.4
除非內源活動外的平均有形股本回報率
21.4%
17.3%
29.5%
10.1%
8.4%
不適用
12.1%
截至2024年9月30日的三個月
巴克萊銀行英國
巴克萊銀行英國企業銀行
巴克萊銀行私人銀行及财富管理
巴克萊銀行投資銀行
巴克萊銀行美國消費銀行
總公司
巴克萊集團
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
百萬英鎊
總收入
1,946
445
326
2,851
791
188
6,547
非無機活動
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
不包括非無機活動的總收入
1,946
445
326
2,851
791
188
6,547
總營業費用
(1,006)
(222)
(221)
(1,916)
(393)
(204)
(3,962)
成本:不包括非無機活動的收入比率
52%
50%
68%
67%
50%
不適用
61%
歸屬利潤/(虧損)
621
144
74
652
89
(16)
1,564
非無機活動的稅後影響
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
不包括非無機活動的歸屬利潤/(虧損)
621
144
74
652
89
(16)
1,564
平均有形權益(十億英鎊)
10.6
3.1
1.0
29.5
3.3
3.5
51.0
排除非有機活動的平均有形權益回報率
23.4%
18.8%
29.0%
8.8%
10.9%
不適用
12.3%
,
Barclays PLC
48
Appendix: Non-IFRS Performance Measures
Reconciliation of total operating expenses to operating costs
Nine months ended 30.09.24
Nine months ended 30.09.23
£m
£m
Total operating expenses
(12,143)
(12,011)
UK regulatory levies1
(93)
—
Litigation and conduct
(99)
(32)
Operating costs
(11,951)
(11,979)
1Comprises the impact of the BoE levy scheme and the UK bank levy.
Reconciliation of group net interest income excluding IB and Head Office
Nine months ended 30.09.24
Nine months ended 30.09.23
£m
£m
Total Barclays Group net interest income
9,436
9,570
Barclays Investment Bank
747
1,111
Head Office
463
185
Group NII excluding IB and Head Office
8,226
8,273
Tangible net asset value per share
As at 30.09.24
As at 31.12.23
As at 30.09.23
£m
£m
£m
Total equity excluding non-controlling interests
70,972
71,204
68,315
Other equity instruments
(11,739)
(13,259)
(11,857)
Shareholders' equity attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent
59,233
57,945
56,458
Goodwill and intangibles
(8,123)
(7,794)
(8,265)
Tangible shareholders' equity attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent
51,110
50,151
48,193
m
m
m
Shares in issue
14,571
15,155
15,239
p
p
p
Net asset value per share
407
382
370
Tangible net asset value per share
351
331
316
,
Barclays PLC
49
Appendix: Non-IFRS Performance Measures
Profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent
Q324 YTD
Q323 YTD
Q324
Q224
Q124
Q423
Q323
Q223
Q123
Q422
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Barclays UK
1,684
1,580
621
584
479
382
531
534
515
474
Barclays UK Corporate Bank
392
525
144
135
113
59
129
239
157
131
Barclays Private Bank and Wealth Management
225
283
74
77
74
47
102
91
90
92
Barclays Investment Bank
2,266
2,190
652
715
899
(149)
580
562
1,048
313
Barclays US Consumer Bank
208
134
89
75
44
(3)
3
72
59
101
Head Office
(424)
(327)
(16)
(349)
(59)
(447)
(71)
(170)
(86)
(75)
Barclays Group
4,351
4,385
1,564
1,237
1,550
(111)
1,274
1,328
1,783
1,036
Average equity
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
Barclays UK
14.4
14.0
14.5
14.4
14.3
14.1
14.0
14.2
13.9
13.7
Barclays UK Corporate Bank
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
Barclays Private Bank and Wealth Management
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
Barclays Investment Bank
29.8
29.0
29.5
29.9
30.0
28.9
28.8
29.0
29.1
30.9
Barclays US Consumer Bank
3.7
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.1
Head Office
6.3
4.6
7.1
5.7
6.3
6.6
4.6
4.3
5.0
2.1
Barclays Group
58.3
55.5
59.1
57.7
58.3
57.1
55.1
55.4
55.9
54.9
Return on average equity
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Barclays UK
15.6
15.0
17.1
16.2
13.4
10.8
15.2
15.1
14.8
13.8
Barclays UK Corporate Bank
17.3
24.4
18.8
18.0
15.2
8.4
18.3
32.9
21.7
17.8
Barclays Private Bank and Wealth Management
27.0
34.0
26.5
28.1
26.3
17.4
37.6
32.8
31.6
32.1
Barclays Investment Bank
10.1
10.1
8.8
9.6
12.0
(2.1)
8.0
7.7
14.4
4.0
Barclays US Consumer Bank
7.5
4.6
9.3
8.4
4.8
(0.3)
0.3
7.5
6.0
9.9
Head Office
n/m
n/m
n/m
n/m
n/m
n/m
n/m
n/m
n/m
n/m
Barclays Group
9.9
10.5
10.6
8.6
10.6
(0.8)
9.3
9.6
12.8
7.5
,
Barclays PLC
50
Shareholder Information
Results timetable1
Date
2024 Full Year Results and Annual Report
13 February 2025
% Change3
Exchange rates2
30.09.24
30.06.24
31.12.23
30.09.23
30.06.24
31.12.23
30.09.23
Period end - USD/GBP
1.34
1.26
1.28
1.22
6%
5%
10%
YTD average - USD/GBP
1.28
1.30
1.24
1.24
(2)%
3%
3%
3 month average - USD/GBP
1.30
1.26
1.24
1.27
3%
5%
2%
Period end - EUR/GBP
1.20
1.18
1.15
1.15
2%
4%
4%
YTD average - EUR/GBP
1.17
1.19
1.15
1.15
(2)%
2%
2%
3 month average - EUR/GBP
1.18
1.18
1.15
1.16
—%
3%
2%
Share price data
Barclays PLC (p)
224.55
208.90
153.78
158.94
Barclays PLC number of shares (m)4
14,571
14,826
15,155
15,239
For further information please contact
Investor relations
Media relations
Marina Shchukina +44 (0) 20 7116 2526
Tom Hoskin +44 (0) 20 7116 4755
More information on Barclays can be found on our website: home.barclays
Registered office
1 Churchill Place, London, E14 5HP, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0) 20 7116 1000. Company number: 48839.
Registrar
Equiniti, Aspect House, Spencer Road, Lancing, West Sussex, BN99 6DA, United Kingdom.
Tel: +44 (0)371 384 2055 (UK and International telephone number)5.
American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)
EQ Shareowner Services
P.O. Box 64504
St. Paul, MN 55164-0504
United States of America
shareowneronline.com
Toll Free Number: +1 800-990-1135
Outside the US: +1 651-453-2128
Delivery of ADR certificates and overnight mail
EQ Shareowner Services, 1110 Centre Pointe Curve, Suite 101, Mendota Heights, MN 55120-4100, USA.
1Note that this date is provisional and subject to change.
2The average rates shown above are derived from daily spot rates during the year.
3The change is the impact to GBP reported information.
4The number of shares of 14,571m as at 30 September 2024 is different from the 14,561m quoted in the 1 October 2024 announcement entitled “Total Voting Rights” because the share buyback transactions executed on 27 and 30 September 2024 did not settle until 1 and 2 October 2024 respectively.
5Lines open 8.30am to 5.30pm (UK time), Monday to Friday, excluding UK public holidays in England and Wales.
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Barclays PLC
51
Glossary of terms
‘Advanced Internal Ratings Based (A-IRB)’ See ‘Internal Ratings Based (IRB)’.
‘Acceptances and endorsements’ Acceptances are an undertaking by a bank to pay a bill of exchange drawn on a customer, for which reimbursement by the customer is normally immediate. Endorsements are to change the payee of a bill of exchange but with no change to the bank’s liability.
‘Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital’ A type of capital as defined in CRR, largely comprising eligible non-common equity capital securities and any related share premium.
‘Additional Tier 1 (AT1) securities’ Non-common equity securities that are eligible as AT1 capital.
‘Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA)’ An approach used to quantify required capital for operational risk. Under the AMA, banks are allowed to develop their own empirical model to quantify the required capital for operational risk. Banks can only use this approach subject to approval from their applicable local regulators.
‘Agency Bonds’ Bonds issued by state and / or government agencies or government-sponsored entities.
‘Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities’ Mortgage-Backed Securities issued by government-sponsored entities.
‘All price risk (APR)’ An estimate of all the material market risks, including rating migration and default, for the correlation trading portfolio.
‘American Depository Receipts (ADR)’ A negotiable certificate that represents the ownership of depository shares in a non-US company (e.g. Barclays) trading on US financial markets.
‘Americas’ Geographic segment comprising the US, Canada and countries where Barclays operates within Latin America.
‘Annual Earnings at Risk (AEaR)’ A measure of the potential change in Net Interest Income (NII) due to interest rate movement over a one-year period.
‘Annualised cumulative weighted average lifetime PD’ The Probability of Default (PD) over the remaining life of the asset, expressed as an annual rate, reflecting a range of possible economic scenarios.
‘Application scorecards’ Algorithm based decision-making tools used to aid business decisions and manage credit risk, based on available customer data at the point of application for a product.
‘Arrears’ Customers are said to be in arrears when they are behind in fulfilling their obligations, with the result that an outstanding loan is unpaid or overdue. Such customers are also said to be in a state of delinquency. When a customer is in arrears, their entire outstanding balance is said to be delinquent, meaning that delinquent balances are the total outstanding loans on which payments are overdue.
‘Asia’ Geographic segment comprising countries where Barclays operates within Asia and the Middle East.
‘Asset Backed Commercial Paper (ABCP)’ Typically short-term notes secured on specified assets issued by consolidated special purpose entities for funding purposes.
‘Asset Backed Securities (ABS)’ Securities that represent an interest in an underlying pool of referenced assets. The referenced pool can comprise any assets which attract a set of associated cash flows but are commonly pools of residential or commercial mortgages and, in the case of a Collateralised Debt Obligation (CDO), the referenced pool may be ABS or other classes of assets.
‘Attributable profit’ Profit after tax that is attributable to ordinary equity holders of Barclays adjusted for the after tax amounts of capital securities classified as equity.
‘Average allocated tangible equity’ (for businesses) Calculated as the average of the previous month’s period end allocated tangible equity and the current month’s period end allocated tangible equity. The average allocated tangible equity for the period is the average of the monthly averages within that period.
‘Average tangible shareholders’ equity’ (for Barclays Group) Calculated as the average of the previous month’s period end tangible shareholders’ equity and the current month’s period end tangible shareholders’ equity. The average tangible shareholders’ equity for the period is the average of the monthly averages within that period.
‘Average UK leverage ratio’ In accordance with the PRA rulebook, calculated as the average capital measure based on the last day of each month in the quarter divided by the average exposure measure for the quarter, where the average exposure is based on each day in the quarter.
‘Back testing’ Includes a number of techniques that assess the continued statistical validity of a model by simulating how the model would have predicted recent experience.
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Glossary of terms
‘Balance weighted Loan to Value (LTV) ratio’ In the context of the credit risk disclosures on secured home loans, a means of calculating marked to market LTVs derived by calculating individual LTVs at account level, and weighting it by the balances to arrive at the average position. Balance weighted LTV ratio is calculated using the following formula: LTV = ((loan 1 balance x Marked to market (MTM) LTV% for loan 1) + (loan 2 balance x MTM LTV% for loan 2) + ...) / total outstanding balances in portfolio.
‘Bank of England (BoE)’ The central bank of the United Kingdom with devolved responsibility for managing monetary policy and to oversee regulation of the UK’s financial sector. The BoE prudentially regulates and supervises financial services firms through the PRA.
‘Bank of England levy scheme’ a new levy scheme which commenced on 1 March 2024 replacing the Cash Ratio Deposit scheme as a means of funding the BoE's monetary policy and financial stability operations.
‘Barclays Africa’ or ‘Absa’ or ‘Absa Group Limited’ Absa Group Limited (formerly Barclays Africa Group Limited), which was previously a subsidiary of the Barclays Group. As a consequence of its disposals of shares in April 2022 and September 2022, the Barclays Group has now exited its shareholding in Absa Group Limited.
‘Barclaycard Consumer UK’ One of three segments within Barclays UK comprising the UK Barclaycard business.
‘Barclays’ or ‘Barclays Group’ or ‘Group’ Barclays PLC, together with its subsidiaries.
‘Barclays Bank Group’ Barclays Bank PLC, together with its subsidiaries.
‘Barclays Bank UK Group’ Barclays Bank UK PLC, together with its subsidiaries.
‘Barclays Operating Businesses’ The core Barclays businesses, comprising Barclays UK (which consists of the UK Personal Banking; UK Business Banking and the Barclaycard Consumer UK businesses), UKCB, PBWM, IB and USCB.
‘Barclays Execution Services’ or ‘BX’ or ‘Group Service Company’ Barclays Execution Services Limited, the Group-wide service company providing technology, operations and functional services to businesses across the Barclays Group.
‘Barclays Investment Bank (IB)’ The Barclays Group’s investment bank which consists of origination led and returns focused Global Markets and Investment Banking businesses.
‘Barclays Private Bank and Wealth Management (PBWM)’ This division serves UK and international private banking clients providing a range of investment, banking and lending products alongside expert advice. It also serves UK wealth management and UK digital investing clients offering a range of financial services.
‘Barclays UK’ This segment broadly represents businesses that sit within the UK ring-fenced bank entity, Barclays Bank UK PLC, and comprises Personal Banking, Business Banking and Barclaycard Consumer UK.
‘Barclays UK Corporate Bank (UKCB)’ This division brings together lending, trade and working capital, liquidity, payments and FX solutions for UK corporate clients with an annual turnover from £6.5 million and higher, excluding those clients that form part of the FTSE 350, which are included within the IB.
‘Barclays US Consumer Bank (USCB)’ is a co-branded credit card issuer and financial services partner in the United States for travel, entertainment, retail and affinity institutions. It offers co-branded, small business and private label credit cards, installment loans, online savings accounts and certificates of deposits.
‘Basel 3’ or ‘Basel III’ The third of the Basel Accords, setting minimum requirements and standards that apply to internationally active banks. Basel 3 is a set of measures developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision aiming to strengthen the regulation, supervision and risk management of banks.
‘Basel 3.1' refers to the revision of BCBS standards to complete the BCBS' post global financial crisis reforms. Basel 3.1 introduces changes to how to calculate capital requirements for all risk types, for both standardised and internal model approaches.
‘Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS)’ or ‘The Basel Committee’ A forum for regular cooperation on banking supervisory matters which develops global supervisory standards for the banking industry. Its 45 members are officials from central banks or prudential supervisors from 28 jurisdictions.
‘Basic Indicator Approach (BIA)’ An approach used to quantify required capital for operational risk. Under the BIA, banks are required to hold regulatory capital for operational risk equal to 15% of the annual average, calculated over a rolling three-year period, of the relevant income indicator for the bank as whole.
‘Basis point(s)’ or ‘bp(s)’ One hundredth of a per cent (0.01%); 100 basis points is 1%. The measure is used for quoting movements in interest rates, yields on securities and for other purposes.
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Glossary of terms
‘Basis risk’ Index/tenor risk that arises when floating rate products are linked to different interest rate indices, which are imperfectly correlated, especially under stressed market conditions.
‘Behavioural scorecards’ Algorithm-based decision tools used to aid business decisions and manage credit risk based on existing customer data derived from account usage.
'Board’ The board of directors of the relevant Barclays Group entity.
‘Book quality’ In the context of the Capital Risk section of the Barclays PLC Annual Report (or equivalent section in quarterly or half yearly results), changes in RWAs caused by factors such as underlying customer behaviour or demographics leading to changes in risk profile.
‘Book size’ In the context of the Capital Risk section of the Barclays PLC Annual Report (or equivalent section in quarterly or half yearly results), changes in RWAs driven by business activity, including net originations or repayments.
‘Bounce Back Loan Scheme (BBLS)’ A UK Government (British Business Bank) backed loan scheme which allowed SMEs to borrow between £2,000 and £50,000. The UK Government guarantees 100% of the loan and pays the first 12 months of interest on behalf of the borrowers, subject to terms and conditions. The scheme closed on 31 March 2021.
‘Business Banking’ One of three segments within Barclays UK. Includes Business Banking services for UK clients with an annual turnover of typically up to £6.5 million, as well as the Education, Social Housing and Local Authority (ESHLA) portfolio.
‘Business Growth Fund (BGF)’ An independent company established by the UK’s largest banks, including Barclays, to help young, fast-growing businesses by providing long-term growth capital. Barclays holds an associate interest in BGF.
‘Business scenario stresses’ Multi-asset scenario analysis of extreme, but plausible, events that may impact the market risk exposures of the IB.
‘Buy to let mortgage’ A mortgage whereby the intention of the customer is to let the property at origination.
‘Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB)’ A capital buffer of 2.5% of a bank’s total exposures that needs to be met with an additional amount of Common Equity Tier 1 capital above the 4.5% minimum requirement for Common Equity Tier 1 set out in CRR. Its objective is to conserve a bank’s capital by ensuring that banks build up surplus capital outside periods of stress which can be drawn down if losses are incurred.
‘Capital ratios’ Key financial ratios measuring the bank's capital adequacy or financial strength expressed as a percentage of RWAs.
‘Capital Requirements Directive (CRD)’ Directive 2013/36/EU (as amended), which accompanies the CRR and which prescribes further prudential standards including capital buffers and "Pillar 2A" capital requirements. CRD was implemented before Brexit. In the EU, further amendments to CRD are made by Directive (EU) 2024/1619 ('CRD VI'), which member states must transpose by January 2026.
‘Capital Requirements Directive IV (CRD IV)’ The Fourth Capital Requirements Directive, comprising an EU amending Directive and an accompanying Regulation (CRR) that together prescribe EU capital adequacy and liquidity requirements, and which implements Basel 3 in the European Union.
‘Capital Requirements Directive V (CRD V)’ The Fifth Capital Requirements Directive, comprising an EU amending Directive and an accompanying amending Regulation (CRR II) that together prescribe EU capital adequacy and liquidity requirements, and which implements enhanced Basel 3 proposals in the European Union.
‘Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR)’ Refers to EU CRR and/or UK CRR as the context requires.
‘Capital Requirements Regulation II (CRR II)’ Regulation (EU) 2019/876, amending Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (CRR). This is a component of the EU Risk Reduction Measure package. The requirements set out in CRR II were introduced between 27 June 2019 and 28 June 2023. Following a consultation process in 2021, the PRA finalized their implementation of the CRR II package through Policy Statement 22/21. The finalized requirements were implemented in the UK through the PRA rulebook with effect from 1 January 2022.
‘Capital requirements on the underlying exposures (KIRB)’ An approach available to banks when calculating RWAs for securitisation exposures. This is based upon the RWA amounts that would be calculated under the IRB approach for the underlying pool of securitised exposures in the programme, had such exposures not been securitised.
‘Capital resources’ Common Equity Tier 1, Additional Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital that are eligible to satisfy regulatory capital requirements. Referred to as ‘own funds’ within EU and UK regulatory texts.
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Glossary of terms
‘Capital risk’ The risk that the Barclays Group has an insufficient level or composition of capital to support its normal business activities and to meet its regulatory capital requirements under normal operating environments or stressed conditions (both actual and as defined for internal planning or regulatory testing purposes). This includes the risk from the Barclays Group’s pension plans.
‘Cash Ratio Deposit scheme’ A scheme that previously funded the BoE's monetary policy and financial stability functions, until it was replaced with the BoE levy scheme on 1 March 2024.
‘Central Counterparty’ or ‘Central Clearing Counterparties (CCPs)’ A clearing house mediating between the buyer and the seller in a financial transaction, such as a derivative contract or repurchase agreement (Repo). Where a Central Counterparty is used, a single bi-lateral contract between the buyer and seller is replaced with two contracts, one between the buyer and the CCP and one between the CCP and the seller. The use of CCPs allows for greater oversight and improved credit risk mitigation in over-the-counter (OTC) markets.
‘Charge-off’ In the retail segment this refers to the point in time when collections activity changes from the collection of arrears to the recovery of the full balance. This is normally when six payments are in arrears.
‘Client Assets’ Assets managed or administered by the Barclays Group on behalf of its clients including assets under management (AUM), custody assets, assets under administration and client deposits.
‘Client assets and liabilities’ Customer deposits, lending and invested assets.
‘Climate risk’ The impact on Financial and Operational Risks arising from climate change through physical risks, risks associated with transitioning to a lower carbon economy and connected risks arising as a result of second order impacts of these two drivers on portfolios.
–Physical risks: Physical risks resulting from a changing climate can be event driven (acute risks), including increased severity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, hurricanes and floods. Longer term shifts in climate patterns (chronic risks) arise from sustained higher temperatures that may cause rises in sea levels, rising mean temperatures and more severe weather events. These changes are likely to lead to risks for sovereigns, business models and supply chains.
–Transition risks: The transition to a lower carbon economy will involve significant rapid policy, regulatory and legal changes, as evolving technology and markets adapt to a changing climate and associated impacts. These changes will lead to risks for sovereigns, business models and supply chains.
–Connected risks: The second-order risks arising from physical or transition risk impacts. Connected risk is diverse, impacting customer and wholesale portfolios.
‘CLOs and other insured assets’ Highly-rated CLO positions wrapped by monolines, non-CLOs wrapped by monolines and other assets wrapped with Credit Support Annex (CSA) protection.
‘Collateralised Debt Obligation (CDO)’ A security issued by a third party which references Asset Backed Securities and/or certain other related assets purchased by the issuer. CDOs may feature exposure to sub-prime mortgage assets through the underlying assets.
‘Collateralised Loan Obligation (CLO)’ A security backed by repayments from a pool of commercial loans.
‘Collateralised Mortgage Obligation (CMO)’ A security backed by mortgages. A special purpose entity receives income from the mortgages and passes them on to investors in the security.
‘Combined Buffer Requirement (CBR)’ In the context of the CRD capital obligations, the total Common Equity Tier 1 capital required to meet the combined requirements of the Capital Conservation Buffer, the GSII Buffer, the counter-cyclical buffer, and the O-SII buffer if applicable to a firm.
‘Commercial paper (CP)’ Typically short-term notes issued by entities, including banks, for funding purposes.
‘Commercial real estate (CRE)’ Commercial real estate includes office buildings, medical centres, hotels, retail stores, shopping centres, farm land, multifamily housing buildings, warehouses, garages, industrial properties and other similar properties. Commercial real estate loans are loans backed by a package of commercial real estate. Note: for the purposes of the Credit Risk section, the UK CRE portfolio includes property investment, development, trading and housebuilders but excludes social housing contractors.
‘Commissions and other incentives’ Includes commission-based arrangements, guaranteed incentives and Long Term Incentive Plan awards.
‘Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission Framework (COSO)’ A joint initiative of five private sector organisations dedicated to the development of frameworks and providing guidance on enterprise risk management, internal control and fraud deterrence.
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Glossary of terms
‘Commodity derivatives’ Exchange traded and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives based on an underlying commodity (e.g. metals, precious metals, oil and oil related products, power and natural gas).
‘Commodity risk’ Measures the impact of changes in commodity prices and volatilities, including the basis between related commodities (e.g. Brent vs. WTI crude prices).
‘Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital’ The highest quality form of regulatory capital under CRR that comprises common shares issued and related share premium, retained earnings and other reserves, less specified regulatory adjustments.
‘Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio’ A measure of CET1 capital expressed as a percentage of RWAs.
‘Compensation: income ratio’ The ratio of compensation expense over total income. Compensation represents total staff costs less non-compensation items (consisting of outsourcing, staff training, redundancy costs and retirement costs).
‘Compliance Risk’ The risk of poor outcomes for, or harm to, customers, clients and markets, arising from the delivery of the firm’s products and services (also known as 'Conduct Risk') and the risk to Barclays, its clients, customers or markets from a failure to comply with the laws, rules and regulations applicable to the firm (also known as Laws, Rules and Regulations Risk 'LRR Risk’).
‘Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR)’ An annual exercise, required by and evaluated by the Federal Reserve, through which the largest banks' holding companies operating in the US assess whether they have sufficient capital to continue operations through periods of economic and financial stress and have robust capital-planning processes that account for their unique risks.
‘Comprehensive Risk Capital Charge (CRCC)’ An estimate of all the material market risks, including rating migration and default, for the correlation trading portfolio.
‘Comprehensive Risk Measure (CRM)’ An estimate of all the material market risks, including rating migration and default, for the correlation trading portfolio. Also referred to as All Price Risk (APR) and Comprehensive Risk Capital Charge (CRCC).
‘Constant Currency Basis’ Excluding the impact of foreign currency conversion to GBP when comparing financial results in two different financial periods.
‘Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme (CBILS)’ A loan scheme by the British Business Bank (BBB) to support UK based small and medium-sized businesses (turnover of up to £45 million) adversely impacted by COVID-19. The CBILS scheme provided loans of up to £5 million which are backed by an 80% UK Government (BBB) guarantee. The UK Government will pay interest and fees for the first 12 months on behalf of the borrowers, subject to terms and conditions. This scheme ended on 31 March 2021.
‘Coronavirus Large Business Interruption Loan Scheme (CLBILS)’ A loan scheme by the British Business Bank (BBB) to support UK based medium-sized businesses (turnover above £45 million, but with no access to Covid Corporate Finance Facility (CCFF)) adversely impacted by COVID-19. The CLBILS scheme provided loans of up to £200 million which are backed by an 80% UK Government (BBB) guarantee. This scheme ended on 31 March 2021.
‘Correlation risk’ Refers to the change in marked to market value of a security when the correlation between the underlying assets changes over time.
‘Cost of Equity’ The rate of return targeted by the equity holders of a company.
‘Cost: income jaws’ Relationship between the percentage change movement in operating expenses relative to total income.
‘Cost: income ratio’ Total operating expenses divided by total income.
‘Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB)’ A capital buffer that requires banks to have an additional cushion of CET 1 capital with which to absorb potential losses, enhancing their resilience and contributing to a stable financial system.
‘Countercyclical leverage ratio buffer (CCLB)’ A macroprudential capital buffer that has applied to specific PRA regulated institutions since 2018 and is calculated at 35% of any risk weighted countercyclical capital buffer set by the Financial Policy Committee (FPC). The CCLB applies in addition to the minimum of 3.25% and any G-SII additional leverage ratio buffer that applies.
‘Counterparty credit risk (CCR)’ The risk that a counterparty to a transaction could default before the final settlement of a transaction’s cash flows. In the context of RWAs, a component of RWAs that represents the risk of loss from derivatives, repurchase agreements and similar transactions as a result of the default of the counterparty.
‘Coverage ratio’ This represents the percentage of impairment allowance reserve against the gross exposure.
‘Covered bonds’ Debt securities backed by a portfolio of mortgages that are segregated from the issuer’s other assets solely for the benefit of the holders of the covered bonds.
‘Customer deposits’ Money deposited by all individuals and companies that are not credit institutions. Such funds are recorded as liabilities in the Barclays Group’s balance sheet under “deposits at amortised cost” (Customer liabilities).
‘Customer liabilities’ See ‘Customer deposits’.
‘Daily Value at Risk (DVaR)’ An estimate of the potential loss which might arise from market movements under normal market conditions if the current positions were to be held unchanged for one business day, measured to a specified confidence level.
‘Debit Valuation Adjustment (DVA)’ The opposite of Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA). It is the difference between the risk-free value of a portfolio of trades and the market value which takes into account the Barclays Group’s risk of default. The DVA, therefore, represents an estimate of the adjustment to fair value that a market participant would make to incorporate the credit risk of the Barclays Group due to any failure to perform contractual obligations. The DVA decreases the value of a liability to take into account a reduction in the remaining balance that would be settled should the Barclays Group default or not perform any contractual obligations.
‘Debt buybacks’ Purchases of the Barclays Group’s issued debt securities, including equity accounted instruments, leading to their de-recognition from the balance sheet.
‘Debt securities in issue’ Transferable securities evidencing indebtedness of the Barclays Group. These are liabilities of the Barclays Group and include certificates of deposit and commercial paper.
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Glossary of terms
‘Default grades’ The Barclays Group classifies ranges of default probabilities into a set of 21 intervals called default grades, in order to distinguish differences in the PD risk.
‘Default fund contributions’ The contribution made by members of a Central Counterparty (CCP). All members are required to contribute to this fund in advance of using a CCP. The default fund can be used by the CCP to cover losses incurred by the CCP where losses are greater than the margins provided by a defaulting member.
‘Delinquency’ See ‘Arrears’.
‘Derivatives netting’ Adjustments applied across asset and liability marked to market derivative positions pursuant to legally enforceable bilateral netting agreements and eligible cash collateral received in derivative transactions that meet the requirements of BCBS 270 (Basel III leverage ratio framework and disclosure requirements).
‘Diversification effect’ Reflects the fact that the risk of a diversified portfolio is smaller than the sum of the risks of its constituent parts. It is measured as the sum of the individual asset class Daily Value at Risk (DVaR) estimates less the total DVaR.
‘Dodd-Frank Act (DFA)’ The US Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as amended.
‘Domestic Liquidity Sub-Group Arrangement (DoLSub)’ An intra-group capital and liquidity support agreement that secures certain regulatory permissions authorised by the PRA.
‘External Credit Assessment Institutions (ECAI)’ Institutions whose credit assessments may be used by credit institutions for the determination of risk weight exposures according to UK CRR or EU CRR (as the case may be).
‘External ratings based approach / internal assessment approach (SEC-ERBA / IAA)’ This is a method to calculate risk-weighted exposure amounts for securitisation positions. Under the SEC-ERBA approach, regulatory capital is assigned to securitisation tranches on the basis of their external credit rating. The SEC-ERBA approach can also be used for unrated ABCP exposures where the institution has the regulatory permission to use the Internal Assessment Approach (IAA) to assign a credit rating to the unrated ABCP exposure.
‘Foreclosures in Progress’ The process by which a bank initiates legal action against a customer with the intention of terminating a loan agreement whereby the bank may repossess the property used as collateral for the loan, subject to applicable law, and recover amounts it is owed.
‘Foreign exchange risk’ In the context of DVaR, the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates and volatilities.
'Foundation Internal Ratings Based (F-IRB)’ See ‘Internal Ratings Based (IRB)’.
'FTSE 350’ The Financial Times Stock Exchange index comprising the 350th largest companies by capitalisation listed on the London Stock Exchange.
‘Full time equivalent (FTE)’ Full time equivalent units are the on-job hours paid for employee services divided by the number of ordinary-time hours normally paid for a full-time staff member when on the job (or contract employees where applicable).
‘Fully loaded’ When a measure is presented or described as being on a fully loaded basis, it is calculated without applying the transitional provisions set out in Part Ten of UK CRR or EU CRR (as the case may be).
‘Funded credit protection’ A technique of credit risk mitigation where the reduction of the credit risk on the exposure of an institution derives from the right of that institution, in the event of the default of the counterparty or on the occurrence of other specified credit events relating to the counterparty, to liquidate, or to obtain transfer or appropriation of, or to retain certain assets or amounts, or to reduce the amount of the exposure to, or to replace it with the amount of the difference between the amount of the exposure and the amount of a claim on the institution.
‘FY23 Investor Update’ An event held in connection with Barclays resegmentation of businesses which was announced on 20 February 2024 and is part of its strategy to become Simpler, Better and more Balanced. Introducing the new segments of Barclays UK, Barclays UK Corporate, Barclays Private Bank and Wealth Management, Barclays Investment Bank, Barclays US Consumer Bank and Head Office.
‘Gains on acquisitions’ The amount by which an acquirer’s interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities, recognised in a business combination, exceeds the cost of the combination.
‘General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)’ GDPR (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) is a regulation intended to strengthen and unify data protection for all individuals within the European Union. GDPR forms part of UK law pursuant to the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, as amended.
‘General market risk’ The risk of a price change in a financial instrument due to a change in the level of interest rates or owing to a broad equity market movement unrelated to any specific attributes of individual securities.
‘Global markets’ Offers clients a full range of liquidity, risk management and financing solutions, ideas and content tailored to their investment and risk management needs, including execution capabilities across the spectrum of financial products.
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Glossary of terms
‘Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs or G-SIIs)’ Global financial institutions whose size, complexity and systemic interconnectedness, mean that their distress or failure would cause significant disruption to the wider financial system and economic activity. The Financial Stability Board and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision publish a list of global systemically important banks.
‘G-SII additional leverage ratio buffer (G-SII ALRB)’ A macroprudential buffer that applies to G-SIBs and other major domestic UK banks and building societies, including banks that are subject to ring-fencing requirements. The G-SII ALRB will be calibrated as 35% (on a phased basis) of the combined buffers that apply to the bank.
‘G-SII Buffer’ Common Equity Tier 1 capital required to be held to ensure that G-SIBs build up surplus capital to compensate for the systemic risk that such institutions represent to the financial system.
‘Inflation risk’ In the context of DVaR, the impact of changes in inflation rates and volatilities on cash instruments and derivatives.
‘Insurance Risk’ The risk of the Barclays Group’s aggregate insurance premiums received from policyholders under a portfolio of insurance contracts being inadequate to cover the claims arising from those policies.
‘Interchange’ Income paid to a credit card issuer for the clearing and settlement of a sale or cash advance transaction.
‘Interest-only home loans’ Under the terms of these loans, the customer makes payments of interest only for the entire term of the mortgage, although customers may make early repayments of the principal within the terms of their agreement. The customer is responsible for repaying the entire outstanding principal on maturity, which may require the sale of the mortgaged property.
‘Interest rate derivatives’ Derivatives linked to interest rates. This category includes interest rate swaps, collars, floors options and swaptions. An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange fixed rate and floating rate interest by means of periodic payments based upon a notional principal amount and the interest rates defined in the contract. Certain agreements combine interest rate and foreign currency swap transactions, which may or may not include the exchange of principal amounts. A basis swap is a form of interest rate swap, in which both parties exchange interest payments based on floating rates, where the floating rates are based upon different underlying reference indices. In a forward rate agreement, two parties agree a future settlement of the difference between an agreed rate and a future interest rate, applied to a notional principal amount. The settlement, which generally occurs at the start of the contract period, is the discounted present value of the payment that would otherwise be made at the end of that period.
‘Interest rate risk’ The risk of interest rate volatility adversely impacting the Barclays Group’s NIM. In the context of the calculation of market risk DVaR, measures the impact of changes in interest (swap) rates and volatilities on cash instruments and derivatives.
‘Interest rate risk in the banking book (IRRBB)’ The risk that the Barclays Group is exposed to capital or income volatility because of a mismatch between the interest rate exposures of its (non-traded) assets and liabilities.
‘Internal Assessment Approach (IAA)’ One of three types of calculation that a bank with permission to use the Internal Ratings Based (IRB) approach may apply to securitisation exposures. It consists of mapping a bank's internal rating methodology for credit exposures to those of an External Credit Assessment Institution (ECAI) to determine the appropriate risk weight based on the ratings based approach. Its applicability is limited to ABCP programmes related to liquidity facilities and credit enhancement.
‘Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP)’ It describes how the Barclays Group identifies, manages and qualifies the risks to which it is exposed, in pursuit of its business strategy. It assesses whether the quality and quantity of capital is available to absorb capital losses for the risks the firm undertakes. The capital adequacy is assessed on a point of time basis and on a forward looking basis taking into account baseline and stressed economic capital conditions.
'Internal Model Approach (IMA)’ In the context of RWAs, a method for calculating RWAs where the exposure amount has been derived via the use of a regulator approved internal market risk model.
‘Investment Banking’ Provides clients with strategic advice on mergers and acquisitions (M&A), corporate finance, financial risk management and equity and debt issuance. As part of its International Corporate Banking offering it also provides lending, trade & working capital, liquidity, payments and FX solutions to multinational companies and financial institutions globally and to FTSE 350 companies in the UK.
‘Investment Banking Fees’ In the context of IB analysis of Total Income, fees generated from origination activity businesses – including financial advisory, debt and equity underwriting.
‘Investment grade’ A debt security, treasury bill or similar instrument with a credit rating of AAA to BBB as measured by external credit rating agencies.
‘IPO’ Initial Public Offering.
‘IRB Roadmap’ Contains several EBA technical standards and sets of guidelines developed with the intent to reduce unwarranted variability across firms in IRB Risk-Weighted Assets for Credit Risk. The PRA required UK firms to implement these changes from 1 January 2022.
‘ISDA Master Agreement’ The most commonly used master contract for over-the-counter (OTC) derivative transactions internationally. It is part of a framework of documents, designed to enable OTC derivatives to be documented fully and flexibly. The framework consists of a master agreement, a schedule, confirmations, definitions booklets, and a credit support annex. The ISDA Master Agreement is published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA).
‘Key Risk Scenarios (KRS)’ Key Risk Scenarios are a summary of the extreme potential risk exposure for each key risk in each business and function, including an assessment of the potential frequency of risk events, the average size of losses and three extreme scenarios. The Key Risk Scenario assessments are a key input to the Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) calculation of regulatory and economic capital requirements.
‘Large exposure’ A large exposure is defined as the total exposure of a bank to a counterparty or group of connected clients, whether in the banking book or trading book or both, which in aggregate equals or exceeds 10% of the bank's eligible capital.
‘Legal risk' or 'LRR risk' The risk of loss or imposition of penalties, damages or fines from the failure of the firm to meet applicable laws, rules and regulations or contractual requirements or to assert or defend its intellectual property rights.
‘Lending’ In the context of IB analysis of Total Income, lending income includes NII, gains or losses on loan sale activity, and risk management activity relating to the loan portfolio.
‘Letters of credit’ A letter typically used for the purposes of international trade guaranteeing that a debtor’s payment to a creditor will be made on time and in full. In the event that the debtor is unable to make payment, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase.
‘Level 1 assets’ High-quality liquid assets (HQLA) under the Basel Committee’s Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), including cash, central bank reserves and higher quality government securities.
‘Level 2 assets’ High-quality liquid assets (HQLA) under the Basel Committee’s Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), comprising Level 2A assets, including, e.g. lower quality government securities, covered bonds and corporate debt securities, and Level 2B assets, including, e.g. lower rated corporate bonds, Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities and equities that meet certain conditions.
‘Lifetime expected credit losses’ An assessment of expected losses associated with default events that may occur during the life of an exposure, reflecting the present value of cash shortfalls over the remaining expected life of the asset.
‘Lifetime Probability’ The likelihood of accounts entering default during the expected remaining life of the asset.
‘Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)’ The ratio of the stock of high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) to expected net cash outflows over the next 30 days. HQLA should be unencumbered, liquid in markets during a time of stress and, ideally, be central bank eligible. These include cash and claims on central governments and central banks.
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‘Liquidity Pool’ The Barclays Group liquidity pool comprises cash at central banks and highly liquid collateral specifically held by the Barclays Group as a contingency to enable the bank to meet cash outflows in the event of stressed market conditions.
‘Liquidity Risk’ The risk that the Barclays Group is unable to meet its contractual or contingent obligations, or that it does not have the appropriate amount, tenor and composition of funding and liquidity to support its assets.
‘Liquidity risk appetite (LRA)’ The level of liquidity risk that the Barclays Group chooses to take in pursuit of its business objectives and in meeting its regulatory obligations.
‘Liquidity Risk Management Framework (the Liquidity Framework)’ The Liquidity Risk Management Framework incorporates liquidity policies, systems and controls that the Barclays Group has implemented to manage liquidity risk within tolerances approved by the Board and regulatory agencies.
‘Litigation and conduct charges’ or ‘Litigation and conduct’ Litigation and conduct charges include regulatory fines, litigation settlements and conduct-related customer redress.
‘Loan loss rate (LLR)’ Quoted in basis points and represents total impairment charges divided by gross loans and advances held at amortised cost at the balance sheet date.
‘Loan to deposit ratio’ or ‘Loan: deposit ratio’ Loans and advances at amortised costs divided by deposits at amortised cost.
‘Loan to value (LTV) ratio’ Expresses the amount borrowed against an asset (i.e. a mortgage) as a percentage of the appraised value of the asset. The ratios are used in determining the appropriate level of risk for the loan and are generally reported as an average for new mortgages or an entire portfolio. Also see ‘Marked to market (MTM) LTV ratio’.
‘London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)’ A benchmark interest rate at which banks can borrow funds from other banks in the London interbank market, currently phased out.
‘Loss Given Default (LGD)’ The percentage of Exposure at Default (EAD) that will not be recovered following default. LGD comprises the actual loss (the part that is not expected to be recovered), together with the economic costs associated with the recovery process.
‘Prime Services’ Involves financing of fixed income and equity positions using Repo and stock lending facilities. The Prime Services business also provides brokerage facilitation services for hedge fund clients offering execution and clearance facilities for a variety of asset classes.
‘Principal’ In the context of a loan, the amount borrowed, or the part of the amount borrowed which remains unpaid (excluding interest).
‘Private equity investments’ Investments in equity securities in operating companies not quoted on a public exchange. Investment in private equity often involves the investment of capital in private companies or the acquisition of a public company that results in the delisting of public equity. Capital for private equity investment is raised by retail or institutional investors and used to fund investment strategies such as leveraged buyouts, venture capital, growth capital, distressed investments and mezzanine capital.
‘Principal Risks’ The principal risks affecting the Barclays Group, as described in the Risk Review section of the Barclays PLC Annual Report.
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‘Pro-cyclicality’ Movements in financial variables (including capital requirements) following natural fluctuations in the economic cycle, where the subsequent impact on lending or other market behaviours acts as an amplification of the economic cycle by the financial sector.
‘Probability of Default (PD)’ The likelihood that a loan will not be repaid and will fall into default. PD may be calculated for each client who has a loan (normally applicable to wholesale customers/clients) or for a portfolio of clients with similar attributes (normally applicable to retail customers). To calculate PD, Barclays assesses the credit quality of borrowers and other counterparties and assigns them an internal risk rating. Multiple rating methodologies may be used to inform the rating decision on individual large credits, such as internal and external models, rating agency ratings, and for wholesale assets, market information such as credit spreads. For smaller credits, a single source may suffice such as the result from an internal rating model.
‘Product structural hedge’ An interest rate hedge put in place to reduce earnings volatility on product balances with instant access (such as non-interest bearing current accounts and managed rate deposits) and to smoothen the income over a medium/long term.
‘Profit before impairment’ Calculated by excluding credit impairment charges or releases from profit before tax.
‘Properties in Possession held as ‘Loans and Advances to Customers’’ Properties in the UK and Italy where the customer continues to retain legal title but where the bank has enforced the possession order as part of the foreclosure process to allow for the disposal of the asset or the court has ordered the auction of the property.
‘Properties in Possession held as ‘Other Real Estate Owned’’ Properties in South Africa where the bank has taken legal ownership of the title as a result of purchase at an auction or similar and treated as ‘Other Real Estate Owned’ within other assets on the bank’s balance sheet.
‘Proprietary trading’ When a bank, brokerage or other financial institution trades on its own account, at its own risk, rather than on behalf of customers, so as to make a profit for itself.
‘Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA)’ The PRA is part of the BoE and regulates and supervises banks, building societies, insurers and a small number of significant investment banks in the UK.
‘Prudential Valuation Adjustment (PVA)’ A calculation which adjusts the accounting values of positions held on the balance sheet at fair value to comply with regulatory valuation standards, which place greater emphasis on the inherent uncertainty around the value at which a trading book position could be exited.
‘Public benchmark’ Unsecured medium-term notes issued in public syndicated transactions.
‘Qualifying central bank claims’ An amount calculated in line with the PRA policy statement allowing banks to exclude claims on the central bank from the calculation of the leverage exposure measure, as long as these are matched by liabilities denominated in the same currency and of identical or longer maturity. Prior to 1 January 2022, banks were only permitted to exclude claims on the central bank which were matched by deposits (rather than liabilities).
‘Qualifying Revolving Retail Exposure (QRRE)’ In the context of the IRB approach to credit risk RWA calculations, an exposure meeting the criteria set out in Article 154.4 of UK CRR and EU CRR (as applicable). It includes most types of credit card exposure.
‘Rates’ In the context of IB income analysis, trading revenue relating to government bonds and interest rate derivatives.
‘Re-aging’ The returning of a delinquent account to up-to-date status without collecting the full arrears (principal, interest and fees).
‘Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (REMICs)’ An entity that holds a fixed pool of mortgages and that is separated into multiple classes of interests for issuance to investors.
‘Recovery book’ Represents the total amount of exposure which has been transferred to recovery units who set and implement strategies to recover the Barclays Group’s exposure.
‘Recovery book Impairment Coverage Ratio’ Impairment allowance held against recoveries balances expressed as a percentage of balance in recoveries.
‘Recovery book proportion of outstanding balances’ Represents the amount of recoveries (gross month-end customer balances of all accounts that have charged-off) as at the period end compared to total outstanding balances. The size of the recovery book would ultimately have an impact on the overall impairment requirement on the portfolio. Balances in recovery will decrease if assets are written-off, amounts are collected, or assets are sold to a third party (i.e. debt sale).
‘Regulatory capital’ The amount of capital that a bank holds to satisfy regulatory requirements.
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‘Renegotiated loans’ Loans are generally renegotiated either as part of an ongoing customer relationship or in response to an adverse change in the circumstances of the borrower. In the latter case, renegotiation can result in an extension of the due date of payment or repayment plans under which the Barclays Group offers a concessionary rate of interest to genuinely distressed borrowers. This will result in the asset continuing to be overdue, and individually impaired if the renegotiated payments of interest and principal will not recover the original carrying amount of the asset. In other cases, renegotiation will lead to a new agreement, which is treated as a new loan.
‘Repurchase agreement (Repo)’ or ‘Reverse repurchase agreement (Reverse repo)’ Arrangements that allow counterparties to use financial securities as collateral for an interest bearing cash loan. The borrower agrees to sell a security to the lender subject to a commitment to repurchase the asset at a specified price on a given date. For the party selling the security (and agreeing to repurchase it in the future), it is a Repurchase agreement or Repo; for the counterparty to the transaction (buying the security and agreeing to sell in the future), it is a Reverse repurchase agreement or Reverse repo.
‘Reputation risk’ The risk that an action, transaction, investment or event will reduce trust in the Barclays Group’s integrity and competence by clients, counterparties, investors, regulators, employees or the public.
‘Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (RMBS)’ Securities that represent interests in a group of residential mortgages. Investors in these securities have the right to cash received from future mortgage payments (interest and/or principal).
‘Residual maturity’ The remaining contractual term of a credit obligation associated with a credit exposure.
‘Restructured loans’ Comprises loans where, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, a concession has been granted to the debtor that would not otherwise be considered. Where the concession results in the expected cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate being less than the loan’s carrying value, an impairment allowance will be raised.
‘Retail Loans’ Loans to individuals or small and medium sized enterprises rather than to financial institutions and larger businesses. It includes both secured and unsecured loans such as mortgages and credit card balances, as well as loans to certain smaller business customers, typically with exposures up to £3 million or with an annual turnover of up to £5 million.
‘Return on average Risk Weighted Assets (RoRWA)’ Statutory profit after tax as a proportion of average RWAs.
‘Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity (RoTE)’ (for Barclays Group) Annualised Group attributable profit, as a proportion of average shareholders’ tangible equity.
‘Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity (RoTE)’ (for businesses) Annualised business attributable profit, as a proportion of that business's average allocated tangible equity.
‘Risk appetite’ The level of risk that Barclays is prepared to accept whilst pursuing its business strategy, recognising a range of possible outcomes as business plans are implemented.
‘Risk weighted assets (RWAs) / Risk weighted exposure amounts (RWEAs)’ A measure of a bank’s assets adjusted for their associated risks. Risk weightings are established in accordance with the Basel framework as implemented in local law.
‘Risks not in VaR (RNIVS)’ Refers to all the key market risks which are not captured or not well captured within the VaR model framework.
‘RWA Flow / movements in RWAs’
Book size/Asset size
Credit risk and counterparty risk (including CVA)
This represents RWA movements driven by changes in the size and composition of underlying positions, measured using EAD values for existing portfolios over the period. This includes, but is not exclusive to:
–new business and maturing loans
–changes in product mix and exposure growth for existing portfolios
–book size reductions owing to risk mitigation and write-offs.
Market risk
This represents RWA movements owing to the changes in risk level i.e. trading positions and volumes driven by business activity.
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Book quality/Asset quality
Credit risk and counterparty risk (including CVA)
This represents RWA movements driven by changes in the underlying credit quality and recoverability of portfolios and reflected through model calibrations or realignments where applicable. This includes, but is not exclusive to:
–PD migration and LGD changes driven by economic conditions
–ratings migration for standardised exposures
Market risk
This is the movement in RWAs owing to changing risk levels in the trading book caused by fluctuations in market conditions.
Model updates
Credit risk and counterparty risk (including CVA)
This is the movement in RWAs as a result of both internal and external model updates. This includes, but is not exclusive to:
–updates to existing model inputs driven by both internal and external review
–model enhancements to improve models performance
Market risk
This is the movement in RWAs reflecting change in model scope, changes to market data levels, volatilities, correlations, liquidity and ratings used as input for the internal modelled RWA calculations.
Methodology and policy
Credit risk and counterparty risk (including CVA)
This is the movement in RWAs as a result of both internal and external methodology, policy and regulatory changes. This includes, but is not exclusive to:
–updates to RWA calculation methodology, communicated by the regulator
–the implementation of credit risk mitigation to a wider scope of portfolios
Market risk
This is the movement in RWAs as a result of both internal and external methodology, policy and regulatory changes for market risk.
Acquisitions and disposals
This is the movement in RWAs as a result of the disposal or acquisition of business operations impacting the size of banking and trading portfolios.
Foreign exchange movements
This is the movement in RWAs as a result of changes in the exchange rate between the functional currency of the Barclays business area or portfolio and our presentational currency for consolidated reporting. It should be noted that foreign exchange movements shown in RWA flow or movements in RWAs tables do not include the impact of foreign exchange for the counterparty credit risk or market risk RWAs.
Other
This is the movement in RWAs driven by items that cannot be reasonably assigned to the other driver categories. In relation to market risk RWAs, this includes changes in measurement that are not driven by methodology, policy or model updates.
‘Sarbanes-Oxley requirements’ The Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 (SOX), which was introduced by the US Government to safeguard against corporate governance scandals.