southern co. corporate units 2019 series a 01/08/20222
二氧化硫
SOFR
隔夜拆款利率
減稅和就業法案
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which reduced the corporate Federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%
TRM
A Transition Reconciliation Mechanism authorized by the MPSC that allows DTE Electric to recover through rates the deferred net incremental revenue requirement associated with the transition of customers from the city of Detroit's Public Lighting Department to DTE Electric's distribution system
Topic 606
FASb issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
Deferred revenues are included in Current Liabilities — Other and Other Liabilities — Other on DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Deferred revenues generally represent amounts paid by or receivables from customers for which the associated performance obligation has not yet been satisfied. Deferred revenues include amounts associated with REC performance obligations under certain wholesale full requirements power contracts. Deferred revenues related to RECs are recognized as revenue when control of the RECs has transferred. Other performance obligations associated with deferred revenues include providing products and services related to customer prepayments. Deferred revenues associated with these products and services are recognized when control has transferred to the customer.
The following table represents deferred revenue amounts for DTE Energy that are expected to be recognized as revenue in future periods:
DTE Energy
(In millions)
2024
$
121
2025
92
2026
1
2027
1
2028
—
2029 and thereafter
—
$
215
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
In accordance with optional exemptions available under Topic 606, the Registrants did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (1) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (2) with the exception of fixed consideration, contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which the Registrants have the right to invoice for goods provided and services performed, and (3) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation.
Such contracts consist of varying types of performance obligations across the segments, including the supply and delivery of energy related products and services. Contracts with variable volumes and/or variable pricing, including those with pricing provisions tied to a consumer price or other index, have also been excluded as the related consideration under the contract is variable at inception of the contract. Contract lengths vary from cancellable to multi-year.
The Registrants expect to recognize revenue for the following amounts related to fixed consideration associated with remaining performance obligations in each of the future periods noted:
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
NOTE 4 — REGULATORY MATTERS
2024 Gas Rate Case Filing
DTE Gas filed a rate case with the MPSC on January 8, 2024 requesting an increase in base rates of $266 million based on a projected twelve-month period ending September 30, 2025, and an increase in return on equity from 9.9% to 10.25%. The request reflects a net increase to customer rates of only $160 million, as an existing IRM surcharge of $106 million would be rolled into the new base rates. The requested increase is primarily due to increased investments in plant related to system reliability and pipeline safety and inflationary impacts on operating costs, partially offset by higher sales. A final MPSC order in this case is expected in November 2024.
2024 Electric Rate Case Filing
DTE Electric filed a rate case with the MPSC on March 28, 2024 requesting an increase in base rates of $456 million based on a projected twelve-month period ending December 31, 2025, and an increase in return on equity from 9.9% to 10.5%. The requested increase in base rates was primarily due to the capital investments required to support continued reliability improvements and the ongoing transition to cleaner energy. The requested increase in base rates was also due to the increased cost of debt resulting from market dynamics and increasing operating and maintenance expenses. A final MPSC order in this case is expected in January 2025.
NOTE 5 — EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income, adjusted for income allocated to participating securities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the dilution that would occur if any potentially dilutive instruments were exercised or converted into common shares. DTE Energy’s participating securities are restricted shares under the stock incentive program that contain rights to receive non-forfeitable dividends. Performance shares do not receive cash dividends; as such, these awards are not considered participating securities.
The following is a reconciliation of DTE Energy's basic and diluted income per share calculation:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Basic Earnings per Share
Net Income Attributable to DTE Energy Company
$
477
$
332
$
1,112
$
978
Less: Allocation of earnings to net restricted stock awards
2
—
3
2
Net income available to common shareholders — basic
$
475
$
332
$
1,109
$
976
Average number of common shares outstanding — basic
207
206
207
206
Basic Earnings per Common Share
$
2.30
$
1.61
$
5.37
$
4.74
Diluted Earnings per Share
Net Income Attributable to DTE Energy Company
$
477
$
332
$
1,112
$
978
Less: Allocation of earnings to net restricted stock awards
2
—
3
2
Net income available to common shareholders — diluted
$
475
$
332
$
1,109
$
976
Average number of common shares outstanding — basic
207
206
207
206
Average performance share awards
—
—
—
—
Average number of common shares outstanding — diluted
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
NOTE 6 — FAIR VALUE
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in a principal or most advantageous market. Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on inputs, which refer broadly to assumptions that market participants use in pricing assets or liabilities. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable inputs. The Registrants make certain assumptions they believe that market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities, including assumptions about risk, and the risks inherent in the inputs to valuation techniques. Credit risk of the Registrants and their counterparties is incorporated in the valuation of assets and liabilities through the use of credit reserves, the impact of which was immaterial at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Registrants believe they use valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable market-based inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
A fair value hierarchy has been established that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value in three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value might fall in different levels of the fair value hierarchy. All assets and liabilities are required to be classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Assessing the significance of a particular input may require judgment considering factors specific to the asset or liability and may affect the valuation of the asset or liability and its placement within the fair value hierarchy. The Registrants classify fair value balances based on the fair value hierarchy defined as follows:
•Level 1 — Consists of unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Registrants have the ability to access as of the reporting date.
•Level 2 — Consists of inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data.
•Level 3 — Consists of unobservable inputs for assets or liabilities whose fair value is estimated based on internally developed models or methodologies using inputs that are generally less readily observable and supported by little, if any, market activity at the measurement date. Unobservable inputs are developed based on the best available information and subject to cost-benefit constraints.
The following table presents assets and liabilities for DTE Energy measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis:
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Other(a)
Netting(b)
Net Balance
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Other(a)
Netting(b)
Net Balance
(In millions)
Assets
Cash equivalents(c)
$
29
$
933
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
962
$
13
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
13
Nuclear decommissioning trusts
Equity securities
860
—
—
148
—
1,008
776
—
—
145
—
921
Fixed income securities
125
415
—
110
—
650
127
371
—
92
—
590
Private equity and other
15
—
—
335
—
350
—
—
—
312
—
312
Hedge funds and similar investments
141
81
—
—
—
222
119
65
—
—
—
184
Cash equivalents
31
—
—
—
—
31
34
—
—
—
—
34
Other investments(d)
Equity securities
71
—
—
—
—
71
58
—
—
—
—
58
Fixed income securities
8
—
—
—
—
8
7
—
—
—
—
7
Cash equivalents
28
—
—
—
—
28
37
—
—
—
—
37
Other
—
1,071
—
—
—
1,071
—
—
—
—
—
—
Derivative assets
Commodity contracts(e)
Natural gas
116
175
108
—
(285)
114
241
217
179
—
(416)
221
Electricity
—
93
98
—
(98)
93
—
258
163
—
(243)
178
Environmental & Other
—
71
22
—
(73)
20
—
131
8
—
(132)
7
Other contracts
—
1
—
—
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
Total derivative assets
116
340
228
—
(456)
228
241
606
350
—
(791)
406
Total
$
1,424
$
2,840
$
228
$
593
$
(456)
$
4,629
$
1,412
$
1,042
$
350
$
549
$
(791)
$
2,562
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities
Commodity contracts(e)
Natural gas
$
(140)
$
(124)
$
(113)
$
—
$
277
$
(100)
$
(291)
$
(167)
$
(157)
$
—
$
429
$
(186)
Electricity
—
(102)
(69)
—
108
(63)
—
(272)
(116)
—
297
(91)
Environmental & Other
—
(59)
(3)
—
63
1
—
(148)
(2)
—
137
(13)
Other contracts
—
(12)
—
—
—
(12)
—
(19)
—
—
—
(19)
Total
$
(140)
$
(297)
$
(185)
$
—
$
448
$
(174)
$
(291)
$
(606)
$
(275)
$
—
$
863
$
(309)
Net Assets (Liabilities) at end of period
$
1,284
$
2,543
$
43
$
593
$
(8)
$
4,455
$
1,121
$
436
$
75
$
549
$
72
$
2,253
Assets
Current
$
111
$
2,250
$
151
$
—
$
(320)
$
2,192
$
215
$
461
$
247
$
—
$
(613)
$
310
Noncurrent
1,313
590
77
593
(136)
2,437
1,197
581
103
549
(178)
2,252
Total Assets
$
1,424
$
2,840
$
228
$
593
$
(456)
$
4,629
$
1,412
$
1,042
$
350
$
549
$
(791)
$
2,562
Liabilities
Current
$
(103)
$
(212)
$
(96)
$
—
$
317
$
(94)
$
(240)
$
(462)
$
(145)
$
—
$
670
$
(177)
Noncurrent
(37)
(85)
(89)
—
131
(80)
(51)
(144)
(130)
—
193
(132)
Total Liabilities
$
(140)
$
(297)
$
(185)
$
—
$
448
$
(174)
$
(291)
$
(606)
$
(275)
$
—
$
863
$
(309)
Net Assets (Liabilities) at end of period
$
1,284
$
2,543
$
43
$
593
$
(8)
$
4,455
$
1,121
$
436
$
75
$
549
$
72
$
2,253
_______________________________________
(a)Amounts represent assets valued at NAV as a practical expedient for fair value.
(b)Amounts represent the impact of master netting agreements that allow DTE Energy to net gain and loss positions and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
(c)Amounts include $21 million and $11 million recorded in Restricted cash on DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. All other amounts are included in Cash and cash equivalents on DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(d)Excludes cash surrender value of life insurance investments and certain securities classified as held-to-maturity that are recorded at amortized cost and not material to the consolidated financial statements.
(e)For contracts with a clearing agent, DTE Energy nets all activity across commodities. This can result in some individual commodities having a contra balance.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
The following table presents assets for DTE Electric measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of:
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Other(a)
Net Balance
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Other(a)
Net Balance
(In millions)
Assets
Cash equivalents(a)
$
21
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
21
$
11
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
11
Nuclear decommissioning trusts
Equity securities
860
—
—
148
1,008
776
—
—
145
921
Fixed income securities
125
415
—
110
650
127
371
—
92
590
Private equity and other
15
—
—
335
350
—
—
—
312
312
Hedge funds and similar investments
141
81
—
—
222
119
65
—
—
184
Cash equivalents
31
—
—
—
31
34
—
—
—
34
Other investments
Equity securities
26
—
—
—
26
21
—
—
—
21
Cash equivalents
19
—
—
—
19
11
—
—
—
11
Derivative assets — FTRs
—
—
21
—
21
—
—
7
—
7
Total
$
1,238
$
496
$
21
$
593
$
2,348
$
1,099
$
436
$
7
$
549
$
2,091
Assets
Current
$
21
$
—
$
21
$
—
$
42
$
11
$
—
$
7
$
—
$
18
Noncurrent
1,217
496
—
593
2,306
1,088
436
—
549
2,073
Total Assets
$
1,238
$
496
$
21
$
593
$
2,348
$
1,099
$
436
$
7
$
549
$
2,091
_______________________________________
(a)Amounts represent assets valued at NAV as a practical expedient for fair value.
(b)Amounts include $21 million and $11 million recorded in Restricted cash on DTE Electric's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. All other amounts are included in Cash and cash equivalents on DTE Electric's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents include investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. The cash equivalents shown in the fair value table are comprised of short-term investments in money market funds and time deposit accounts. The fair value of the time deposit investments does not include quoted prices but is otherwise directly observable.
Nuclear Decommissioning Trusts and Other Investments
The nuclear decommissioning trusts and other investments hold debt and equity securities directly and indirectly through commingled funds. Exchange-traded debt and equity securities held directly, as well as publicly-traded commingled funds, are valued using quoted market prices in actively traded markets. Non-exchange traded fixed income securities are valued based upon quotations available from brokers or pricing services.
Non-publicly traded commingled funds holding exchange-traded equity or debt securities are valued based on stated NAVs. There are no significant restrictions for these funds and investments may be redeemed with 7 to 65 days notice depending on the fund. There is no intention to sell the investment in these commingled funds.
Private equity and other assets include a diversified group of funds that are classified as NAV assets. These funds primarily invest in limited partnerships, including private equity, private real estate and private credit. Distributions are received through the liquidation of the underlying fund assets over the life of the funds. There are generally no redemption rights. The limited partner must hold the fund for its life or find a third-party buyer, which may need to be approved by the general partner. The funds are established with varied contractual durations generally in the range of 7 years to 12 years. The fund life can often be extended by several years by the general partner, and further extended with the approval of the limited partners. Unfunded commitments related to these investments totaled $142 million and $157 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
Hedge funds and similar investments utilize a diversified group of strategies that attempt to capture uncorrelated sources of return. These investments include publicly traded mutual funds that are valued using quoted prices in actively traded markets, as well as insurance-linked and asset-backed securities that are valued using quotations from broker or pricing services.
For pricing the nuclear decommissioning trusts and other investments, a primary price source is identified by asset type, class, or issue for each security. The trustee monitors prices supplied by pricing services and may use a supplemental price source or change the primary source of a given security if the trustee determines that another price source is considered preferable. The Registrants have obtained an understanding of how these prices are derived, including the nature and observability of the inputs used in deriving such prices.
Derivative Assets and Liabilities
Derivative assets and liabilities are comprised of physical and financial derivative contracts, including futures, forwards, options, and swaps that are both exchange-traded and over-the-counter traded contracts. Various inputs are used to value derivatives depending on the type of contract and availability of market data. Exchange-traded derivative contracts are valued using quoted prices in active markets. The Registrants consider the following criteria in determining whether a market is considered active: frequency in which pricing information is updated, variability in pricing between sources or over time, and the availability of public information. Other derivative contracts are valued based upon a variety of inputs including commodity market prices, broker quotes, interest rates, credit ratings, default rates, market-based seasonality, and basis differential factors. The Registrants monitor the prices that are supplied by brokers and pricing services and may use a supplemental price source or change the primary price source of an index if prices become unavailable or another price source is determined to be more representative of fair value. The Registrants have obtained an understanding of how these prices are derived. Additionally, the Registrants selectively corroborate the fair value of their transactions by comparison of market-based price sources. Mathematical valuation models are used for derivatives for which external market data is not readily observable, such as contracts which extend beyond the actively traded reporting period. The Registrants have established a Risk Management Committee whose responsibilities include directly or indirectly ensuring all valuation methods are applied in accordance with predefined policies. The development and maintenance of the Registrants' forward price curves has been assigned to DTE Energy's Risk Management Department, which is separate and distinct from the trading functions within DTE Energy.
The following tables present the fair value reconciliation of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for DTE Energy:
Three months ended September 30, 2024
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Natural Gas
Electricity
Other
Total
Natural Gas
Electricity
Other
Total
(In millions)
Net Assets (Liabilities) as of June 30
$
3
$
9
$
26
38
$
(54)
$
(4)
$
16
$
(42)
Transfers into Level 3 from Level 2
—
2
—
2
—
—
—
—
Total gains (losses)
Included in earnings
7
105
—
112
1
79
(1)
79
Recorded in Regulatory liabilities
—
—
2
2
—
—
(2)
(2)
Purchases, issuances, and settlements
Settlements
(15)
(87)
(9)
(111)
25
(71)
(2)
(48)
Net Assets (Liabilities) as of September 30
$
(5)
$
29
$
19
$
43
$
(28)
$
4
$
11
$
(13)
Total gains (losses) included in Net Income attributed to the change in unrealized gains (losses) related to assets and liabilities held at September 30(a)
$
(6)
$
75
$
(10)
$
59
$
4
$
26
$
(6)
$
24
Total gains (losses) included in Regulatory liabilities attributed to the change in unrealized gains (losses) related to assets and liabilities held at September 30
$
—
$
—
$
2
$
2
$
—
$
—
$
1
$
1
_______________________________________
(a)Amounts are reflected in Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations and Fuel, purchased power, gas, and other — non-utility in DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Natural Gas
Electricity
Other
Total
Natural Gas
Electricity
Other
Total
(In millions)
Net Assets (Liabilities) as of December 31
$
22
$
47
$
6
$
75
$
(255)
$
(33)
$
11
$
(277)
Transfers into Level 3 from Level 2
1
1
—
2
—
—
—
—
Total gains (losses)
Included in earnings(a)
13
196
(1)
208
163
109
1
273
Recorded in Regulatory liabilities
—
—
29
29
—
—
3
3
Purchases, issuances, and settlements
Settlements
(41)
(215)
(15)
(271)
64
(72)
(4)
(12)
Net Assets (Liabilities) as of September 30
$
(5)
$
29
$
19
$
43
$
(28)
$
4
$
11
$
(13)
Total gains (losses) included in Net Income attributed to the change in unrealized gains (losses) related to assets and liabilities held at September 30(a)
$
(25)
$
156
$
(41)
$
90
$
94
$
94
$
(36)
$
152
Total gains (losses) included in Regulatory liabilities attributed to the change in unrealized gains (losses) related to assets and liabilities held at September 30
$
—
$
—
$
21
$
21
$
—
$
—
$
10
$
10
_______________________________________
(a)Amounts are reflected in Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations and Fuel, purchased power, gas, and other — non-utility in DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table presents the fair value reconciliation of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for DTE Electric:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Net Assets as of beginning of period
$
28
$
14
$
7
$
11
Total gains (losses) recorded in Regulatory liabilities
2
(2)
29
3
Purchases, issuances, and settlements
Settlements
(9)
(2)
(15)
(4)
Net Assets as of September 30
$
21
$
10
$
21
$
10
Total gains (losses) included in Regulatory liabilities attributed to the change in unrealized gains (losses) related to assets and liabilities held at September 30
$
2
$
1
$
21
$
10
Derivatives are transferred between levels primarily due to changes in the source data used to construct price curves as a result of changes in market liquidity. Transfers in and transfers out are reflected as if they had occurred at the beginning of the period. There were no transfers from or into Level 3 for DTE Electric during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
The following tables present the unobservable inputs related to DTE Energy's Level 3 assets and liabilities:
September 30, 2024
Commodity Contracts
Derivative Assets
Derivative Liabilities
Valuation Techniques
Unobservable Input
Range
Weighted Average
(In millions)
Natural Gas
$
108
$
(113)
Discounted Cash Flow
Forward basis price (per MMBtu)
$
(1.28)
—
$
2.44
/MMBtu
$
(0.13)
/MMBtu
Electricity
$
98
$
(69)
Discounted Cash Flow
Forward basis price (per MWh)
$
(18.51)
—
$
16.65
/MWh
$
(3.38)
/MWh
December 31, 2023
Commodity Contracts
Derivative Assets
Derivative Liabilities
Valuation Techniques
Unobservable Input
Range
Weighted Average
(In millions)
Natural Gas
$
179
$
(157)
Discounted Cash Flow
Forward basis price (per MMBtu)
$
(1.57)
—
$
6.27
/MMBtu
$
(0.08)
/MMBtu
Electricity
$
163
$
(116)
Discounted Cash Flow
Forward basis price (per MWh)
$
(18.49)
—
$
15.47
/MWh
$
(3.99)
/MWh
The unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the electricity and natural gas commodity types consist of inputs that are less observable due in part to lack of available broker quotes, supported by little, if any, market activity at the measurement date or are based on internally developed models. Certain basis prices (i.e., the difference in pricing between two locations) included in the valuation of natural gas and electricity contracts were deemed unobservable. The weighted average price for unobservable inputs was calculated using the average of forward price curves for natural gas and electricity and the absolute value of monthly volumes.
The inputs listed above would have had a direct impact on the fair values of the above security types if they were adjusted. A significant increase (decrease) in the basis price would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value for long positions, with offsetting impacts to short positions.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments for DTE Energy:
(a)Current portion included in Current Assets — Other on DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(b)Included in Current Liabilities — Other and Other Liabilities — Other on DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(c)Includes debt due within one year and excludes finance lease obligations. Carrying value also includes unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
The following table presents the carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments for DTE Electric:
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Carrying
Fair Value
Carrying
Fair Value
Amount
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Amount
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
(In millions)
Notes receivable(a)
$
2
$
—
$
—
$
2
$
19
$
—
$
—
$
19
Short-term borrowings — affiliates
$
142
$
—
$
—
$
142
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Short-term borrowings — other
$
798
$
—
$
798
$
—
$
385
$
—
$
385
$
—
Notes payable(b)
$
14
$
—
$
—
$
14
$
33
$
—
$
—
$
33
Long-term debt(c)
$
11,899
$
—
$
11,053
$
142
$
11,043
$
—
$
9,999
$
126
_______________________________________
(a)Included in Current Assets — Other and Other Assets — Other on DTE Electric's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(b)Included in Current Liabilities — Other and Other Liabilities — Other on DTE Electric's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
(c)Includes debt due within one year and excludes finance lease obligations. Carrying value also includes unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs.
For further fair value information on financial and derivative instruments, see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Financial and Other Derivative Instruments."
Nuclear Decommissioning Trust Funds
DTE Electric has a legal obligation to decommission its nuclear power plants following the expiration of its operating licenses. This obligation is reflected as an Asset retirement obligation on DTE Electric's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Rates approved by the MPSC provide for the recovery of decommissioning costs of Fermi 2 and the disposal of low-level radioactive waste.
The following table summarizes DTE Electric's fair value of the nuclear decommissioning trust fund assets:
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(In millions)
Fermi 2
$
2,241
$
2,026
Fermi 1
3
3
Low-level radioactive waste
17
12
$
2,261
$
2,041
The costs of securities sold are determined on the basis of specific identification. The following table sets forth DTE Electric's gains and losses and proceeds from the sale of securities by the nuclear decommissioning trust funds:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Realized gains
$
11
$
5
$
41
$
24
Realized losses
$
(6)
$
(6)
$
(22)
$
(32)
Proceeds from sale of securities
$
91
$
104
$
438
$
527
Realized gains and losses from the sale of securities and unrealized gains and losses incurred by the Fermi 2 trust are recorded to Regulatory assets and the Nuclear decommissioning liability. Realized gains and losses from the sale of securities and unrealized gains and losses on the low-level radioactive waste funds are recorded to the Nuclear decommissioning liability.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
The following table sets forth DTE Electric's fair value and unrealized gains and losses for the nuclear decommissioning trust funds:
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Fair Value
Unrealized Gains
Unrealized Losses
Fair Value
Unrealized Gains
Unrealized Losses
(In millions)
Equity securities
$
1,008
$
568
$
(11)
$
921
$
459
$
(11)
Fixed income securities
650
22
(21)
590
8
(30)
Private equity and other
350
102
(8)
312
74
(8)
Hedge funds and similar investments
222
9
(4)
184
4
(9)
Cash equivalents
31
—
—
34
—
—
$
2,261
$
701
$
(44)
$
2,041
$
545
$
(58)
The following table summarizes the fair value of the fixed income securities held in nuclear decommissioning trust funds by contractual maturity:
September 30, 2024
(In millions)
Due within one year
$
16
Due after one through five years
103
Due after five through ten years
116
Due after ten years
305
$
540
Fixed income securities held in nuclear decommissioning trust funds include $110 million of non-publicly traded commingled funds that do not have a contractual maturity date.
Other Securities
At September 30, 2024, DTE Energy had $1.1 billion invested in time deposit accounts with an original maturity of greater than three months, which is included in Current investments on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The investment does not include quoted prices, but the fair value is otherwise directly observable.
At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, DTE Energy securities included in Other long-term investments on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position consisted primarily of investments within DTE Energy's rabbi trust. The rabbi trust is comprised primarily of trading securities recorded at fair value, as well as debt securities classified as held-to-maturity and recorded at amortized cost. The trust was established to fund certain non-qualified pension benefits, and therefore changes in market value of the trading securities and interest on the held-to-maturity securities are recognized in earnings. Gains and losses are allocated from DTE Energy to DTE Electric and are included in Other Income or Other Expense, respectively, in the Registrants' Consolidated Statements of Operations. Gains (losses) related to the trading securities were immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
NOTE 7 — FINANCIAL AND OTHER DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The Registrants recognize all derivatives at their fair value as Derivative assets or liabilities on their respective Consolidated Statements of Financial Position unless they qualify for certain scope exceptions, including the normal purchases and normal sales exception. Further, derivatives that qualify and are designated for hedge accounting are classified as either hedges of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow hedge); or as hedges of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (fair value hedge). For cash flow hedges, the derivative gain or loss is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and later reclassified into earnings when the underlying transaction occurs. For fair value hedges, changes in fair values for the derivative and hedged item are recognized in earnings each period. For derivatives that do not qualify or are not designated for hedge accounting, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings each period.
The Registrants' primary market risk exposure is associated with commodity prices, credit, and interest rates. The Registrants have risk management policies to monitor and manage market risks. The Registrants use derivative instruments to manage some of the exposure. DTE Energy uses derivative instruments for trading purposes in its Energy Trading segment. Contracts classified as derivative instruments include electricity, natural gas, oil, certain environmental contracts, forwards, futures, options, swaps, and foreign currency exchange contracts. Items not classified as derivatives include natural gas and environmental inventory, pipeline transportation contracts, certain environmental contracts, and natural gas storage assets.
DTE Electric — DTE Electric generates, purchases, distributes, and sells electricity. DTE Electric uses forward contracts to manage changes in the price of electricity and fuel. Substantially all of these contracts meet the normal purchases and normal sales exception and are therefore accounted for under the accrual method. Other derivative contracts are MTM and recoverable through the PSCR mechanism when settled. This results in the deferral of unrealized gains and losses as Regulatory assets or liabilities until realized.
DTE Gas — DTE Gas purchases, stores, transports, distributes, and sells natural gas, and buys and sells transportation and storage capacity. DTE Gas has fixed-priced contracts for portions of its expected natural gas supply requirements through March 2027. Substantially all of these contracts meet the normal purchases and normal sales exception and are therefore accounted for under the accrual method. Forward transportation and storage contracts are generally not derivatives and are therefore accounted for under the accrual method.
DTE Vantage — This segment manages and operates renewable gas recovery projects, power generation assets, and other customer specific energy solutions. Long-term contracts and hedging instruments are used in the marketing and management of the segment assets. These contracts and hedging instruments are generally not derivatives and are therefore accounted for under the accrual method.
Energy Trading — Commodity Price Risk — Energy Trading markets and trades electricity, natural gas physical products, and energy financial instruments, and provides energy and asset management services utilizing energy commodity derivative instruments. Forwards, futures, options, and swap agreements are used to manage exposure to the risk of market price and volume fluctuations in its operations. These derivatives are accounted for by recording changes in fair value to earnings unless hedge accounting criteria are met.
Energy Trading — Foreign Currency Exchange Risk — Energy Trading has foreign currency exchange forward contracts to economically hedge fixed Canadian dollar commitments existing under natural gas and power purchase and sale contracts and natural gas transportation contracts. Energy Trading enters into these contracts to mitigate price volatility with respect to fluctuations of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar. These derivatives are accounted for by recording changes in fair value to earnings unless hedge accounting criteria are met.
Corporate and Other — Interest Rate Risk — DTE Energy may use interest rate swaps, treasury locks, and other derivatives to hedge the risk associated with interest rate market volatility.
Credit Risk — DTE Energy maintains credit policies that significantly minimize overall credit risk. These policies include an evaluation of potential customers’ and counterparties’ financial condition, including the viability of underlying productive assets, credit rating, collateral requirements, or other credit enhancements such as letters of credit or guarantees. DTE Energy generally uses standardized agreements that allow the netting of positive and negative transactions associated with a single counterparty. DTE Energy maintains a provision for credit losses based on factors surrounding the credit risk of its customers, historical trends, and other information. Based on DTE Energy's credit policies and its September 30, 2024 provision for credit losses, DTE Energy’s exposure to counterparty nonperformance is not expected to have a material adverse effect on DTE Energy's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
Derivative Activities
DTE Energy manages its MTM risk on a portfolio basis based upon the delivery period of its contracts and the individual components of the risks within each contract. Accordingly, it records and manages the energy purchase and sale obligations under its contracts in separate components based on the commodity (e.g. electricity or natural gas), the product (e.g. electricity for delivery during peak or off-peak hours), the delivery location (e.g. by region), the risk profile (e.g. forward or option), and the delivery period (e.g. by month and year). The following describes the categories of activities represented by their operating characteristics and key risks:
•Asset Optimization — Represents derivative activity associated with assets owned and contracted by DTE Energy, including forward natural gas purchases and sales, natural gas transportation, and storage capacity. Changes in the value of derivatives in this category typically economically offset changes in the value of underlying non-derivative positions, which do not qualify for fair value accounting. The difference in accounting treatment of derivatives in this category and the underlying non-derivative positions can result in significant earnings volatility.
•Marketing and Origination — Represents derivative activity transacted by originating substantially hedged positions with wholesale energy marketers, producers, end-users, utilities, retail aggregators, and alternative energy suppliers.
•Fundamentals Based Trading — Represents derivative activity transacted with the intent of taking a view, capturing market price changes, or putting capital at risk. This activity is speculative in nature as opposed to hedging an existing exposure.
•Other — Includes derivative activity at DTE Electric related to FTRs. Changes in the value of derivative contracts at DTE Electric are recorded as Derivative assets or liabilities, with an offset to Regulatory assets or liabilities as the settlement value of these contracts will be included in the PSCR mechanism when realized.
The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments for DTE Energy:
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Derivative Assets
Derivative Liabilities
Derivative Assets
Derivative Liabilities
(In millions)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts
$
1
$
(11)
$
—
$
(16)
Foreign currency exchange contracts
—
(1)
—
(2)
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
$
1
$
(12)
$
—
$
(18)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Commodity contracts
Natural gas
$
399
$
(377)
$
637
$
(615)
Electricity
191
(171)
421
(388)
Environmental & Other
93
(62)
139
(150)
Foreign currency exchange contracts
—
—
—
(1)
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
$
683
$
(610)
$
1,197
$
(1,154)
Current
$
479
$
(411)
$
910
$
(847)
Noncurrent
205
(211)
287
(325)
Total derivatives
$
684
$
(622)
$
1,197
$
(1,172)
The fair value of derivative instruments at DTE Electric was $21 million and $7 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, comprised of FTRs recorded to Current Assets — Other on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and not designated as hedging instruments.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
Certain of DTE Energy's derivative positions are subject to netting arrangements which provide for offsetting of asset and liability positions as well as related cash collateral. Such netting arrangements generally do not have restrictions. Under such netting arrangements, DTE Energy offsets the fair value of derivative instruments with cash collateral received or paid for those contracts executed with the same counterparty, which reduces DTE Energy's Total Assets and Liabilities. Cash collateral is allocated between the fair value of derivative instruments and customer accounts receivable and payable with the same counterparty on a pro-rata basis to the extent there is exposure. Any cash collateral remaining, after the exposure is netted to zero, is reflected in Accounts receivable and Accounts payable as collateral paid or received, respectively.
DTE Energy also provides and receives collateral in the form of letters of credit which can be offset against net Derivative assets and liabilities as well as Accounts receivable and payable. DTE Energy had letters of credit of $2 million and $3 million issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which could be used to offset net Derivative liabilities. Letters of credit received from third parties which could be used to offset net Derivative assets were $1 million and $10 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Such balances of letters of credit are excluded from the tables below and are not netted with the recognized assets and liabilities in DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
For contracts with certain clearing agents, the fair value of derivative instruments is netted against realized positions with the net balance reflected as either 1) a Derivative asset or liability or 2) an Account receivable or payable. Other than certain clearing agents, Accounts receivable and Accounts payable that are subject to netting arrangements have not been offset against the fair value of Derivative assets and liabilities.
The following table presents net cash collateral offsetting arrangements for DTE Energy:
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(In millions)
Cash collateral netted against Derivative assets
$
(8)
$
—
Cash collateral netted against Derivative liabilities
—
72
Cash collateral recorded in Accounts receivable(a)
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
The following table presents the netting offsets of Derivative assets and liabilities for DTE Energy:
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)
Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)
Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
(In millions)
Derivative assets
Commodity contracts(a)
Natural gas
$
399
$
(285)
$
114
$
637
$
(416)
$
221
Electricity
191
(98)
93
421
(243)
178
Environmental & Other
93
(73)
20
139
(132)
7
Interest rate contracts
1
—
1
—
—
—
Foreign currency exchange contracts
—
—
—
—
—
—
Total derivative assets
$
684
$
(456)
$
228
$
1,197
$
(791)
$
406
Derivative liabilities
Commodity contracts(a)
Natural gas
$
(377)
$
277
$
(100)
$
(615)
$
429
$
(186)
Electricity
(171)
108
(63)
(388)
297
(91)
Environmental & Other
(62)
63
1
(150)
137
(13)
Interest rate contracts
(11)
—
(11)
(16)
—
(16)
Foreign currency exchange contracts
(1)
—
(1)
(3)
—
(3)
Total derivative liabilities
$
(622)
$
448
$
(174)
$
(1,172)
$
863
$
(309)
_______________________________________
(a)For contracts with a clearing agent, DTE Energy nets all activity across commodities. This can result in some individual commodities having a contra balance.
The following table presents the netting offsets of Derivative assets and liabilities showing the reconciliation of derivative instruments to DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position:
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Operations is as follows:
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives for the Three Months Ended September 30,
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives for the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Commodity contracts
Natural gas
Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations
$
(25)
$
(41)
$
(49)
$
89
Natural gas
Fuel, purchased power, gas, and other — non-utility
45
37
83
120
Electricity
Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations
99
85
189
30
Environmental & Other
Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations
(6)
(4)
(10)
(5)
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations
(1)
1
1
—
Total
$
112
$
78
$
214
$
234
Revenues and energy costs related to trading contracts are presented on a net basis in DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Operations. Commodity derivatives used for trading purposes, and financial non-trading commodity derivatives, are accounted for using the MTM method with unrealized and realized gains and losses recorded in Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations. Non-trading physical commodity sale and purchase derivative contracts are generally accounted for using the MTM method with unrealized and realized gains and losses for sales recorded in Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations and purchases recorded in Fuel, purchased power, gas, and other — non-utility.
The following represents the cumulative gross volume of DTE Energy's derivative contracts outstanding as of September 30, 2024:
Commodity
Number of Units
Natural gas (MMBtu)
2,128,196,720
Electricity (MWh)
39,767,287
Oil (Gallons)
1,068,000
Foreign currency exchange ($ CAD)
104,219,982
FTR (MWh)
105,362
Renewable Energy Certificates (MWh)
11,677,855
Carbon emissions (Metric Tons)
402,217
Interest rate contracts ($ USD)
700,000,000
Various subsidiaries and equity investees of DTE Energy have entered into derivative and non-derivative contracts which contain ratings triggers and are guaranteed by DTE Energy. These contracts contain provisions which allow the counterparties to require that DTE Energy post cash or letters of credit as collateral in the event that DTE Energy’s credit rating is downgraded below investment grade. Certain of these provisions (known as "hard triggers") state specific circumstances under which DTE Energy can be required to post collateral upon the occurrence of a credit downgrade, while other provisions (known as "soft triggers") are not as specific. For contracts with soft triggers, it is difficult to estimate the amount of collateral which may be requested by counterparties and/or which DTE Energy may ultimately be required to post. The amount of such collateral which could be requested fluctuates based on commodity prices (primarily natural gas, power, and environmental) and the provisions and maturities of the underlying transactions. As of September 30, 2024, DTE Energy's contractual obligation to post collateral in the form of cash or letters of credit in the event of a downgrade to below investment grade, under both hard trigger and soft trigger provisions, was $420 million.
As of September 30, 2024, DTE Energy had $482 millionof derivatives in net liability positions, for which hard triggers exist. There is no collateral that has been posted against such liabilities, including cash and letters of credit. Associated derivative net asset positions for which contractual offset exists were $435 million. The net remaining amount of $47 million is derived from the $420 million noted above.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
NOTE 8 — LONG-TERM DEBT
Debt Issuances
Refer to the table below for debt issued through September 30, 2024:
Company
Month
Type
Interest Rate
Maturity Date
Amount
(In millions)
DTE Energy
February
Senior Notes(a)
5.10%
2029
$
1,200
DTE Electric
February
Mortgage Bonds(b)
4.85%
2026
500
DTE Electric
February
Mortgage Bonds(b)
5.20%
2034
500
DTE Energy
May
Senior Notes (c)
5.85%
2034
850
DTE Energy
August
Senior Notes (d)
4.95%
2027
1,200
$
4,250
_______________________________________
(a)Proceeds used for the repayment of short-term borrowings and for general corporate purposes.
(b)Proceeds used for the repayment of short-term borrowings, for capital expenditures, and for other general corporate purposes.
(c)Proceeds to be used for the repayment of a portion of the $675 million 2016 Series C 2.53% Senior Notes due October 1, 2024, for repayment of a portion of the $1.3 billion 2019 Series F 4.22% Senior Notes due November 1, 2024, and for general corporate purposes. Pending repayment of the 2016 Series C and 2019 Series F Senior Notes, proceeds of the notes were invested in short-term investments.
(d)Proceeds to be used for the repayment of a portion of the $1.3 billion 2019 Series F 4.22% Senior Notes due November 1, 2024 and for general corporate purposes. Pending repayment of the 2019 Series F Senior Notes, a portion of the proceeds of the notes were invested in cash equivalents.
In October 2024, DTE Gas issued $160 million of 4.87% First Mortgage Bonds due November 1, 2034 and $160 million of 5.43% First Mortgage Bonds due November 1, 2054 to a group of institutional investors in a private placement transaction. Proceeds have been used for the repayment of short-term borrowings and for general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures.
Debt Redemptions
Refer to the table below for debt redeemed through September 30, 2024:
Company
Month
Type
Interest Rate
Maturity Date
Amount
(In millions)
DTE Electric
March
Mortgage Bonds
3.65%
2024
$
100
DTE Electric
June
Securitization Bonds
2.64%
2024
19
DTE Electric
September
Securitization Bonds
5.97%
2024
24
$
143
In October 2024, DTE Energy redeemed at maturity its $675 million 2016 Series C 2.53% Senior Notes. This redemption was funded through the maturity of a portion of time deposits which were included in Current investments on DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at September 30, 2024.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
NOTE 9 — SHORT-TERM CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND BORROWINGS
DTE Energy, DTE Electric, and DTE Gas have unsecured revolving credit agreements that can be used for general corporate borrowings, but are intended to provide liquidity support for each of the companies’ commercial paper programs. Borrowings under the revolvers are available at prevailing short-term interest rates. Letters of credit of up to $500 million may also be issued under the DTE Energy revolver. DTE Energy and DTE Electric also have other facilities to support letter of credit issuance and increase liquidity.
The unsecured revolving credit agreements require a total funded debt to capitalization ratio of no more than 0.70 to 1 for DTE Energy and 0.65 to 1 for DTE Electric and DTE Gas. In the agreements, "total funded debt" means all indebtedness of each respective company and their consolidated subsidiaries, including finance lease obligations, hedge agreements, and guarantees of third parties’ debt, but excluding contingent obligations, nonrecourse and junior subordinated debt, and certain equity-linked securities and, except for calculations at the end of the second quarter, certain DTE Gas short-term debt. "Capitalization" means the sum of (a) total funded debt plus (b) "consolidated net worth," which is equal to consolidated total equity of each respective company and their consolidated subsidiaries (excluding pension effects under certain FASB statements), as determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. At September 30, 2024, the total funded debt to total capitalization ratios for DTE Energy, DTE Electric, and DTE Gas were 0.66 to 1, 0.54 to 1, and 0.46 to 1, respectively, and were in compliance with this financial covenant.
The availability under these facilities as of September 30, 2024 is shown in the following table:
DTE Energy
DTE Electric
DTE Gas
Total
(In millions)
Unsecured revolving credit facility, expiring October 2028
$
1,500
$
800
$
300
$
2,600
Unsecured letter of credit facility, expiring June 2025(a)
175
—
—
$
175
Unsecured letter of credit facility, expiring February 2025
150
—
—
150
Unsecured letter of credit facility, expiring June 2026
100
—
—
100
Unsecured letter of credit facility(b)
50
—
—
50
Unsecured letter of credit facility(c)
—
125
—
125
1,975
925
300
3,200
Amounts outstanding at September 30, 2024
Commercial paper issuances
28
798
140
966
Letters of credit
83
92
—
175
111
890
140
1,141
Net availability at September 30, 2024
$
1,864
$
35
$
160
$
2,059
_______________________________________
(a)Uncommitted letter of credit facility.
(b)Uncommitted letter of credit facility with automatic renewal provision and therefore no expiration.
(c)Uncommitted letter of credit facility with automatic renewal provision and therefore no expiration. DTE Energy may also utilize availability under this facility.
In conjunction with maintaining certain exchange-traded risk management positions, DTE Energy may be required to post collateral with a clearing agent. DTE Energy has a demand financing agreement with its clearing agent, which allows the right of setoff with posted collateral. At September 30, 2024, the capacity under the facility was $200 million. The amounts outstanding under demand financing agreements were $133 million and $152 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and were fully offset by posted collateral.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
NOTE 10 — LEASES
Lessor
During the first quarter 2024, DTE Energy completed construction of and began operating certain energy infrastructure assets under a long-term agreement with a large industrial customer. DTE Energy began leasing these assets to the customer for a 20-year term ending in 2044. DTE Energy has accounted for this arrangement as a finance lease, recognizing a net investment of $157 million as of September 30, 2024. Under the long-term agreement, additional energy infrastructure assets remain under construction and are expected to be completed through the remainder of 2024. The assets will be subsequently leased to the customer and increase the net investment in finance leases accordingly.
The components of DTE Energy’s net investment in finance leases for remaining periods were as follows:
DTE Energy
September 30, 2024
(In millions)
2024
$
13
2025
52
2026
51
2027
51
2028
50
2029 and thereafter
644
Total minimum future lease receipts
861
Residual value of leased pipeline
17
Less unearned income
439
Net investment in finance lease
439
Less current portion
12
$
427
Interest income recognized under finance leases was $10 million and $6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $27 million and $20 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
DTE Energy’s lease income associated with operating leases, included in Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, was as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Fixed payments
$
4
$
4
$
11
$
11
Variable payments
15
15
34
33
$
19
$
19
$
45
$
44
NOTE 11 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Environmental
DTE Electric
Air — DTE Electric is subject to the EPA ozone and fine particulate transport and acid rain regulations that limit power plant emissions of SO2 and NOX. The EPA and the state of Michigan have also issued emission reduction regulations relating to ozone, fine particulate, regional haze, mercury, and other air pollution. These rules have led to controls on fossil-fueled power plants to reduce SO2, NOX, mercury, and other emissions. Additional rule making may occur over the next few years which could require additional controls for SO2, NOX, and other hazardous air pollutants.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
In 2015, the EPA finalized the NAAQS for ground level ozone. In August 2018, the EPA designated southeast Michigan as "marginal non-attainment" with the 2015 ozone NAAQS. In January 2022, after collecting several years of data, the state submitted a request to the EPA for redesignation of the southeast Michigan ozone non-attainment area to attainment, and to accept their maintenance plan and emission inventories as a revision to the Michigan SIP. On May 19, 2023, the EPA posted in the Federal Register the redesignation of attainment of the ozone standard for the seven-county Southeast Michigan region. DTE Electric does not expect a significant financial impact related to the ozone NAAQS at this time, pending finalization of the state rules and implementation plans.
In March 2024, the EPA finalized the NAAQS for fine particulate matter, particles of pollution with diameters generally 2.5 micrometers and smaller (PM2.5). It is likely that areas of Michigan in which DTE Electric operates will be designated as non-attainment in the future and the state will be required to develop a SIP for such areas. No impact is expected in the near term, and any long-term financial impacts cannot be assessed at this time.
In April 2024, the EPA finalized new rules to address emissions of GHGs from existing, new, modified, or reconstructed sources in the power sector. The new rules may impact future electric generation plans that will be defined in DTE Electric's next Integrated Resource Plan filing. Challenges to the rules have been filed, and DTE Electric will continue to monitor regulatory developments. The financial impacts of the new rules are still being assessed.
Pending or future legislation or other regulatory actions could have a material impact on DTE Electric's operations and financial position and the rates charged to its customers. Potential impacts include expenditures for environmental equipment beyond what is currently planned, financing costs related to additional capital expenditures, the purchase of emission credits from market sources, higher costs of purchased power, and the retirement of facilities where control equipment is not economical. DTE Electric would seek to recover these incremental costs through increased rates charged to its utility customers, as authorized by the MPSC.
To comply with air pollution requirements, DTE Electric has spent approximately $2.4 billion. DTE Electric does not anticipate additional capital expenditures for air pollution requirements, subject to the results of future rulemakings.
Water — In response to EPA regulations and in accordance with the Clean Water Act section 316(b), DTE Electric was required to examine alternatives for reducing the environmental impacts of the cooling water intake structures at several of its facilities. A final rule became effective in October 2014, which required studies to be completed and submitted as part of the NPDES permit application process to determine the type of technology needed to reduce impacts to fish. DTE Electric has completed the required studies and submitted reports for most of its generation plants, and a final study is in-process for Monroe power plant. Final compliance for the installation of any required technology to reduce the impacts of water intake structures will be determined by the state on a case by case, site specific basis.
DTE Electric is currently evaluating the compliance options and working with the state of Michigan on identifying any necessary controls or modifications to existing intake structures. DTE Electric's current capital plan includes an estimated $3 million of compliance-related expenditures for Belle River power plant after its conversion. Projected capital expenditures have decreased as a result of Monroe power plant's expected retirement and the planned conversion of the Belle River power plant to natural gas. However, discussions with the state are ongoing.
As part of the Monroe power plant NPDES permit, EGLE has added an option to evaluate the thermal discharge of the facility as it relates to Clean Water Act section 316(a) regulations in order to establish an appropriate temperature discharge limit. DTE Electric has submitted to EGLE a biological demonstration study plan to evaluate the thermal discharge impacts to an aquatic community. After approval of the plan by EGLE and completion of field sampling, data will be processed and compiled into a comprehensive report. At the present time, DTE Electric cannot predict the outcome of this evaluation or financial impact.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
Contaminated and Other Sites — Prior to the construction of major interstate natural gas pipelines, gas for heating and other uses was manufactured locally from processes involving coal, coke, or oil. The facilities, which produced gas, have been designated as MGP sites. DTE Electric conducted remedial investigations at contaminated sites, including three former MGP sites. The investigations at the former MGP sites have revealed contamination related to the by-products of gas manufacturing. Cleanup of one of the MGP sites is complete, and that site is closed. DTE Electric has also completed partial closure of one additional site. Cleanup activities associated with the remaining sites will continue over the next several years. In addition to the MGP sites, DTE Electric is also in the process of cleaning up other contaminated sites, including the area surrounding an ash landfill, electrical distribution substations, electric generating power plants, and underground and above ground storage tank locations. The findings of these investigations indicated that the estimated cost to remediate these sites is expected to be incurred over the next several years. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, DTE Electric had $9 million accrued for remediation. These costs are not discounted to their present value. Any change in assumptions, such as remediation techniques, nature and extent of contamination, and regulatory requirements, could impact the estimate of remedial action costs for the sites and affect DTE Electric’s financial position and cash flows. DTE Electric believes the likelihood of a material change to the accrued amount is remote based on current knowledge of the conditions at each site.
Coal Combustion Residuals and Effluent Limitations Guidelines — A final EPA rule for the disposal of coal combustion residuals, commonly known as coal ash, became effective in October 2015 and has continued to be updated in subsequent years. The rule is based on the continued listing of coal ash as a non-hazardous waste and relies on various self-implementation design and performance standards. DTE Electric currently owns and operates multiple coal ash storage facilities to manage coal ash from coal-fired power plants that are subject to federal, state, and local CCR and solid waste regulations. At certain facilities, the rule required ongoing sampling and testing of monitoring wells, compliance with groundwater standards, and the closure of basins at the end of the useful life of the associated power plant.
On August 28, 2020, Part A of the CCR rule was published in the Federal Register and required all unlined impoundments to initiate closure as soon as technically feasible, but no later than April 11, 2021. Additionally, the rule amends certain reporting requirements and CCR website requirements. On November 12, 2020, Part B of the CCR Rule was published in the Federal Register and provides a process to determine if certain unlined impoundments with an alternative liner system may be sufficiently protective and therefore may continue to operate.
DTE Electric submitted applications to the EPA that support continued use of all impoundments through their active lives. DTE Electric subsequently ceased receipt of waste at the St. Clair power plant bottom ash basins and initiated closure, resulting in withdrawal of the Part A demonstration for the plant. Additionally, DTE Electric implemented projects at the Belle River and Monroe power plants to cease receipt of waste within any unlined CCR impoundments, resulting in withdrawals of the Part B applications for those plants.
On May 8, 2024, the EPA finalized a new rule to regulate legacy CCR surface impoundments and CCR management units. The rule expands the reach of the CCR rule to inactive electric generation sites and previously unregulated CCR at any active facility. DTE Electric is in the process of evaluating the final rule, which may have significant financial impacts depending on the site-specific characteristics of the units that are regulated by the new rule. Long-term financial impacts cannot be clearly defined at this time and likely will not be clearly defined until the regulated units are identified. Challenges to the rule have been filed, and DTE Electric will continue to monitor for regulatory developments. The preliminary cost estimate to comply with the revised rule is approximately $210 million as of September 30, 2024, and is recorded to Asset retirement obligations. The estimate will be updated as necessary when site-specific details are more fully known. These costs are expected to be recoverable under the regulatory construct as part of removal costs.
At the state level, legislation was signed in December 2018 and provides for further regulation of the CCR program in Michigan. Additionally, the statutory revision provides the basis of a CCR program that EGLE has submitted to the EPA for approval to fully regulate the CCR program in Michigan in lieu of a federal permit program. The EPA is currently working with EGLE in reviewing the submitted state program, and DTE Electric will work with EGLE to implement the state program that may be approved in the future.
The EPA has updated and revised the ELG in 2015, 2020, and 2024. In each revision, EPA has re-established technology-based standards applicable to wastewaters created at facilities with an electrical generating unit. In each revision, the EPA also established new applicability dates.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
The Reconsideration Rule, finalized in 2020, provided additional opportunities by finalizing a group of compliance subcategories that provided cessation of coal as a compliance option. Additionally, the 2020 Reconsideration Rule established the Voluntary Incentives Program (VIP) for FGD wastewater compliance only. If a facility applies for the VIP, they must meet more stringent standards, but are allowed an extended time period to meet the compliance requirements by December 1, 2028. The Reconsideration Rule provided these new opportunities for DTE Electric to evaluate existing ELG compliance strategies and make any necessary adjustments to ensure full compliance with the ELGs in a cost-effective manner.
Compliance schedules for individual facilities and individual waste streams are determined through issuance of new NPDES permits by the state of Michigan. The state of Michigan has issued an NPDES permit for the Belle River power plant establishing compliance deadlines based on the 2020 Reconsideration Rule. On October 11, 2021, DTE Electric submitted a Notice of Planned Participation ("NOPP") to the state of Michigan that formally announced the intent to pursue compliance subcategories as ELG compliance options: the cessation of coal at the Belle River power plant no later than December 31, 2028 and the VIP for FGD wastewater at Monroe power plant by December 31, 2028.
The EPA also finalized Supplemental ELG Rules on May 9, 2024. This updated the regulations from the 2020 ELG rule for FGD wastewater, bottom ash transport water (BATW), combustion residual leachate (CRL), and legacy wastewater (LWW). The supplemental rule established new technology-based effluent limitations guidelines and standards applicable to FGD wastewater, BATW, CRL, and LWW. The applicability date for BATW is as soon as possible beginning July 8, 2024 and no later than December 31, 2029. FGD wastewater retrofits must be completed as soon as possible, beginning July 8, 2024 and no later than December, 31 2029 or December 31, 2028 if a permittee is pursuing the VIP subcategory for FGD wastewater. The Cessation of Coal compliance subcategory and VIP from the 2020 Reconsideration Rule were maintained in the 2024 Supplemental Rule and continue to be a fundamental component of DTE Electric's ELG compliance strategy.
DTE Electric's compliance strategy includes the conversion of the two generating units at the Belle River power plant to a natural gas peaking resource in 2025-2026, which was included in the NOPP filed in 2021. DTE Electric also submitted a new NOPP to apply for the cessation of coal compliance subcategory for generating units 3 and 4 at the Monroe power plant. DTE Electric plans to retire Monroe's generating units 1 and 2 in 2032.
DTE Electric continues to evaluate compliance strategies, technologies and system designs to achieve compliance with the EPA rules at the Monroe power plant in accordance with the VIP subcategory for FGD and new discharge requirements for BATW. Additionally, DTE Electric is evaluating compliance strategies and options to address new requirement and deadlines for other wastewater streams in the 2024 Supplemental Rule at both Belle River Power Plant and Sibley Quarry.
DTE Electric currently estimates the impact of the CCR and ELG rules to be $413 million of capital expenditures, including $403 million for 2024 through 2028. This estimate may change in future periods as DTE Electric evaluates the CCR and ELG rules discussed above that have recently been finalized.
DTE Gas
Contaminated and Other Sites — DTE Gas owns or previously owned 14 former MGP sites. Investigations have revealed contamination related to the by-products of gas manufacturing at each site. Cleanup of eight MGP sites is complete and those sites are closed. DTE Gas has also completed partial closure of four additional sites. Cleanup activities associated with the remaining sites will continue over the next several years. The MPSC has established a cost deferral and rate recovery mechanism for investigation and remediation costs incurred at former MGP sites. In addition to the MGP sites, DTE Gas is also in the process of cleaning up other contaminated sites, including gate stations, gas pipeline releases, and underground storage tank locations. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, DTE Gas had $25 million and $26 million, respectively, accrued for remediation. These costs are not discounted to their present value. Any change in assumptions, such as remediation techniques, nature and extent of contamination, and regulatory requirements, could impact the estimate of remedial action costs for the sites and affect DTE Gas' financial position and cash flows. DTE Gas anticipates the cost amortization methodology approved by the MPSC, which allows for amortization of the MGP costs over a ten-year period beginning with the year subsequent to the year the MGP costs were incurred, will prevent the associated investigation and remediation costs from having a material adverse impact on DTE Gas' results of operations.
Air — In March 2023, the EPA published the Good Neighbor Rule, which includes provisions for compressor engines operated for the transportation of natural gas. In June 2024, the United States Supreme Court issued an opinion granting emergency applications to stay the Good Neighbor Rule. The stay will remain in effect during other litigation. The status of the rule remains uncertain as litigation is ongoing. At this time, DTE Gas does not expect a significant financial impact.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
As noted above for DTE Electric, the EPA finalized the NAAQS for fine particulate matter in March 2024. It is likely that areas of Michigan in which DTE Gas operates will be designated as non-attainment in the future and the state will be required to develop a SIP for such areas. No impact is expected in the near term, and any long-term financial impacts cannot be assessed at this time.
Non-utility
DTE Energy's non-utility businesses are subject to a number of environmental laws and regulations dealing with the protection of the environment from various pollutants.
In March 2019, the EPA issued an FOV to EES Coke Battery, LLC ("EES Coke"), the Michigan coke battery facility that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of DTE Energy, alleging that the 2008 and 2014 permits issued by EGLE did not comply with the Clean Air Act. In September 2020, the EPA issued another FOV alleging EES Coke's 2018 and 2019 SO2 emissions exceeded projections and hence violated non-attainment new source review permitting requirements. EES Coke evaluated the EPA's alleged violations and believes that the permits approved by EGLE complied with the Clean Air Act. EES Coke responded to the EPA's September 2020 allegations demonstrating its actual emissions are compliant with non-attainment new source review requirements. On June 1, 2022, the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ"), on behalf of the EPA, filed a complaint against EES Coke in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan alleging that EES Coke failed to comply with non-attainment new source review requirements under the Clean Air Act when it applied for the 2014 permit. In November 2022, the Sierra Club and City of River Rouge were granted intervention. The case is proceeding through discovery and trial is set for July 2025. On May 20, 2024, the court granted a motion allowing the DOJ to amend their complaint to add EES Coke's parent entities, including DTE Energy, as defendants. The parent entities were added in an attempt to share in any potential liability; there are no additional claims alleged. At the present time, DTE Energy cannot predict the outcome or financial impact of this matter.
Other
In 2010, the EPA finalized a new one-hour SO2 ambient air quality standard that requires states to submit plans and associated timelines for non-attainment areas that demonstrate attainment with the new SO2 standard in phases. Phase 1 addresses non-attainment areas designated based on ambient monitoring data. Phase 2 addresses non-attainment areas with large sources of SO2 and modeled concentrations exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for SO2. Phase 3 addresses smaller sources of SO2 with modeled or monitored exceedances of the new SO2 standard.
Michigan's Phase 1 non-attainment area included DTE Energy facilities. However, the EPA published a Federal Implementation Plan (FIP) for the area in June 2022 that did not impact any DTE Energy facilities. It is also not expected that Phase 3 will have any impact on DTE Energy.
Michigan's Phase 2 non-attainment area includes DTE Electric facilities in St. Clair County. The EPA approved a clean data determination request submitted by EGLE. This determination suspends certain planning requirements and sanctions for the non-attainment area for as long as the area continues to attain the 2010 SO2 air quality standards, but this does not automatically redesignate the area to attainment. Until the area is officially redesignated as attainment, DTE Energy is unable to determine the impacts.
REF Guarantees
DTE Energy provided certain guarantees and indemnities in conjunction with the sales of interests in or lease of its previously operated REF facilities. The guarantees cover potential commercial, environmental, and tax-related obligations that will survive until 90 days after expiration of all applicable statutes of limitations. DTE Energy estimates that its maximum potential liability under these guarantees at September 30, 2024 was $216 million. Payments under these guarantees are considered remote.
Other Guarantees
In certain limited circumstances, the Registrants enter into contractual guarantees. The Registrants may guarantee another entity’s obligation in the event it fails to perform and may provide guarantees in certain indemnification agreements. The Registrants may also provide indirect guarantees for the indebtedness of others. DTE Energy’s guarantees are not individually material with maximum potential payments totaling $69 million at September 30, 2024. Payments under these guarantees are considered remote.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
The Registrants are periodically required to obtain performance surety bonds in support of obligations to various governmental entities and other companies in connection with its operations. As of September 30, 2024, DTE Energy had $360 million of performance bonds outstanding, including $185 million for DTE Electric. Performance bonds are not individually material, except for $130 million of bonds supporting Energy Trading operations. These bonds are meant to provide counterparties with additional assurance that Energy Trading will meet its contractual obligations for various commercial transactions. The terms of the bonds align with those of the underlying Energy Trading contracts and are estimated to be outstanding approximately 1 to 3 years. In the event that any performance bonds are called for nonperformance, the Registrants would be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the performance bond. The Registrants are released from the performance bonds as the contractual performance is completed and does not believe that a material amount of any currently outstanding performance bonds will be called.
Labor Contracts
There are several bargaining units for DTE Energy subsidiaries' approximately 4,800 represented employees, including DTE Electric's approximately 2,500 represented employees. This represents 51% and 59% of DTE Energy's and DTE Electric's total employees, respectively. Of these represented employees, approximately 8% have contracts expiring within one year for DTE Energy. None of the represented employees have contracts expiring within one year for DTE Electric.
Purchase Commitments
Utility capital expenditures and expenditures for non-utility businesses will be approximately $4.7 billion and $3.4 billion in 2024 for DTE Energy and DTE Electric, respectively. The Registrants have made certain commitments in connection with the estimated 2024 annual capital expenditures.
Ludington Plant Contract Dispute
DTE Electric and Consumers Energy Company ("Consumers"), joint owners of the Ludington Hydroelectric Pumped Storage plant ("Ludington"), are parties to a 2010 engineering, procurement, and construction agreement with Toshiba America Energy Systems ("TAES"), under which TAES contracted to perform a major overhaul and upgrade of Ludington. The overhauled Ludington units are operational, but TAES' work has been defective and non-conforming. DTE Electric and Consumers have demanded that TAES provide a comprehensive plan to resolve those matters, including adherence to its warranty commitments and other contractual obligations. DTE Electric and Consumers have taken extensive efforts to resolve these issues with TAES, including a formal demand to TAES' parent, Toshiba Corporation, under a parent guaranty it provided. TAES has not provided a comprehensive plan or otherwise met its performance obligations. In order to enforce the contract, DTE Electric and Consumers filed a complaint against TAES and Toshiba Corporation in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan in April 2022.
In June 2022, TAES and Toshiba Corporation filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, along with counterclaims seeking approximately $15 million in damages related to payments allegedly owed under the parties' contract. During September 2022, the motion to dismiss the complaint was denied. DTE Electric believes the outstanding counterclaims are without merit, but would be liable for 49% of the damages if approved. In October 2022, the combined parties submitted a joint discovery plan to proceed with the litigation process and a potential trial during the second half of 2025. DTE Electric cannot predict the financial impact or outcome of this matter.
In May 2023, the MPSC approved a jointly-filed request by DTE Electric and Consumers for authority to defer as a regulatory asset the costs associated with repairing or replacing the defective work performed by TAES while the litigation with TAES and Toshiba Corporation moves forward. DTE Electric currently estimates its share of these repair and replacement costs ranges from $350 million to $400 million. Such costs will be offset by any potential litigation proceeds received from TAES or Toshiba Corporation. DTE Electric and Consumers will have the opportunity to seek recovery and ratemaking treatment for amounts which are not recovered from TAES or Toshiba Corporation.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
Other Contingencies
The Registrants are involved in certain other legal, regulatory, administrative, and environmental proceedings before various courts, arbitration panels, and governmental agencies concerning claims arising in the ordinary course of business. These proceedings include certain contract disputes, additional environmental reviews and investigations, audits, inquiries from various regulators, and pending judicial matters. The Registrants cannot predict the final disposition of such proceedings. The Registrants regularly review legal matters and record provisions for claims that they can estimate and are considered probable of loss. The resolution of these pending proceedings is not expected to have a material effect on the Registrants' Consolidated Financial Statements in the periods they are resolved.
For a discussion of contingencies related to regulatory matters and derivatives, see Notes 4 and 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Regulatory Matters" and "Financial and Other Derivative Instruments," respectively.
NOTE 12 — RETIREMENT BENEFITS AND TRUSTEED ASSETS
DTE Energy's subsidiary, DTE Energy Corporate Services, LLC, sponsors defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans covering certain employees of the Registrants. Participants of all plans are solely DTE Energy and affiliate participants.
The following tables detail the components of net periodic benefit costs (credits) for pension benefits and other postretirement benefits for DTE Energy:
Pension Benefits
Other Postretirement Benefits
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Three Months Ended September 30,
Service cost
$
14
$
15
$
4
$
4
Interest cost
52
54
16
17
Expected return on plan assets
(86)
(89)
(30)
(28)
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss
15
2
2
2
Prior service credit
—
(1)
(3)
(4)
Net periodic benefit credit
$
(5)
$
(19)
$
(11)
$
(9)
Pension Benefits
Other Postretirement Benefits
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Service cost
$
43
$
43
$
13
$
13
Interest cost
156
161
47
49
Expected return on plan assets
(256)
(264)
(90)
(83)
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss
44
5
5
7
Prior service credit
(1)
(2)
(8)
(14)
Settlements
—
7
—
—
Net periodic benefit credit
$
(14)
$
(50)
$
(33)
$
(28)
DTE Electric accounts for its participation in DTE Energy's qualified and non-qualified pension plans by applying multiemployer accounting. DTE Electric accounts for its participation in other postretirement benefit plans by applying multiple-employer accounting. Within multiemployer and multiple-employer plans, participants pool plan assets for investment purposes and to reduce the cost of plan administration. The primary difference between plan types is that assets contributed in multiemployer plans can be used to provide benefits for all participating employers, while assets contributed within a multiple-employer plan are restricted for use by the contributing employer.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
As a result of multiemployer accounting treatment, capitalized costs associated with these plans are reflected in Property, plant, and equipment in DTE Electric's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The same capitalized costs are reflected as Regulatory assets and liabilities in DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
DTE Energy's subsidiaries are responsible for their share of qualified and non-qualified pension benefit costs. DTE Electric's allocated portion of pension benefit costs included in regulatory assets and liabilities, operation and maintenance expense, other income and deductions, and capital expenditures were credits of $1 million and $4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $12 million and $28 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. These amounts may include recognized contractual termination benefit charges, curtailment gains, and settlement charges.
The following table details the components of net periodic benefit costs (credits) for other postretirement benefits for DTE Electric:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Service cost
$
3
$
3
$
10
$
10
Interest cost
11
12
35
37
Expected return on plan assets
(20)
(18)
(59)
(55)
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss
1
—
1
—
Prior service credit
(1)
(3)
(5)
(10)
Net periodic benefit credit
$
(6)
$
(6)
$
(18)
$
(18)
Pension and Other Postretirement Contributions
In September, DTE Energy made a nominal contribution to the qualified pension plans and no contributions are currently expected for DTE Energy’s postretirement benefit plans in 2024. Plans may be updated at the discretion of management and depending on economic and financial market conditions.
NOTE 13 — SEGMENT AND RELATED INFORMATION
DTE Energy sets strategic goals, allocates resources, and evaluates performance based on the following structure:
Electric segment consists principally of DTE Electric, which is engaged in the generation, purchase, distribution, and sale of electricity to approximately 2.3 million residential, commercial, and industrial customers in southeastern Michigan.
Gas segment consists principally of DTE Gas, which is engaged in the purchase, storage, transportation, distribution, and sale of natural gas to approximately 1.3 million residential, commercial, and industrial customers throughout Michigan and the sale of storage and transportation capacity.
DTE Vantage is comprised primarily of renewable energy projects that sell electricity and pipeline-quality gas and projects that deliver custom energy solutions to industrial, commercial, and institutional customers.
Energy Trading consists of energy marketing and trading operations.
Corporate and Other includes various holding company activities, holds certain non-utility debt, and holds certain investments, including funds supporting regional development and economic growth.
Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
Inter-segment billing for goods and services exchanged between segments is based upon tariffed or market-based prices of the provider. Such billing primarily consists of power sales, sale and transportation of natural gas, and renewable natural gas sales in the segments below, as well as charges from Electric to other segments for use of the shared capital assets of DTE Electric.
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Electric
$
18
$
20
$
54
$
55
Gas
5
4
12
13
DTE Vantage
7
13
25
32
Energy Trading
21
20
66
65
Corporate and Other
—
—
—
—
$
51
$
57
$
157
$
165
All inter-segment transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation for DTE Energy. Centrally incurred costs such as labor and overheads are assigned directly to DTE Energy's business segments or allocated based on various cost drivers, depending on the nature of service provided.
The federal income tax provisions or benefits of DTE Energy’s subsidiaries are determined on an individual company basis and recognize the tax benefit of tax credits and net operating losses, if applicable. The state and local income tax provisions of the utility subsidiaries are also determined on an individual company basis and recognize the tax benefit of various tax credits and net operating losses, if applicable. The subsidiaries record federal, state, and local income taxes payable to or receivable from DTE Energy based on the federal, state, and local tax provisions of each company.
Financial data of DTE Energy's business segments follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Operating Revenues — Utility operations
Electric
$
1,695
$
1,623
$
4,772
$
4,324
Gas
230
227
1,230
1,245
Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations
Electric
2
3
11
10
DTE Vantage
190
199
555
572
Energy Trading
840
893
2,610
3,365
Corporate and Other
—
—
—
—
Reconciliation and Eliminations
(51)
(57)
(157)
(165)
Total
$
2,906
$
2,888
$
9,021
$
9,351
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to DTE Energy by Segment
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following combined discussion is separately filed by DTE Energy and DTE Electric. However, DTE Electric does not make any representations as to information related solely to DTE Energy or the subsidiaries of DTE Energy other than itself.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
DTE Energy is a diversified energy company and is the parent company of DTE Electric and DTE Gas, regulated electric and natural gas utilities engaged primarily in the business of providing electricity and natural gas sales, distribution, and storage services throughout Michigan. DTE Energy also operates two energy-related non-utility segments with operations throughout the United States.
The following table summarizes DTE Energy's financial results:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Net Income Attributable to DTE Energy Company
$
477
$
332
$
1,112
$
978
Diluted Earnings per Common Share
$
2.30
$
1.61
$
5.36
$
4.74
The increase in Net Income Attributable to DTE Energy Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to higher earnings in the Electric and Corporate and Other segments, partially offset by lower earnings in the Energy Trading, Gas, and DTE Vantage segments.
STRATEGY
DTE Energy's strategy is to achieve long-term earnings per share growth with a strong balance sheet and attractive dividend.
DTE Energy's utilities are investing capital to support a modern, reliable grid and cleaner, affordable energy through investments in base infrastructure and new generation. Increasing intensity of windstorms and other weather events, coupled with increasing electric vehicle adoption, will drive a continued need for substantial grid investment over the long-term.
DTE Energy plans to reduce the carbon emissions of its electric utility operations by 65% in 2028, 85% in 2032, and 90% by 2040 from 2005 carbon emissions levels. DTE Energy plans to end its use of coal-fired power plants in 2032 and is committed to a net zero carbon emissions goal by 2050 for its electric and gas utility operations.
Additionally, as a result of legislation passed by the state of Michigan in 2023, DTE Energy will be required to meet a 100% clean energy portfolio standard by 2040. Clean energy sources include renewables, nuclear, and natural gas-fired plants equipped with a carbon capture and storage system that is at least 90% effective in reducing carbon emissions to the atmosphere. The legislation also requires 50% of an electric utility's energy to be generated from renewable sources by 2030 and 60% by 2035. DTE Energy is currently assessing the impacts of this legislation and will include updates in its next Integrated Resource Plan to comply with the new requirements.
To achieve carbon reduction goals at the electric utility, DTE Energy will continue its transition away from coal-powered energy sources and is replacing or offsetting the generation from these facilities with renewable energy, natural gas, battery storage, and energy waste reduction initiatives. Refer to the "Capital Investments" section below for further discussion regarding DTE Energy's retirement of its aging coal-fired plants and transition to renewable energy and other sources. Over the long-term, DTE Energy is also monitoring the advancement of emerging technologies such as long-duration storage, modular nuclear reactors, and carbon capture and sequestration, and how these technologies may support clean, reliable generation and customer affordability.
For the gas utility, DTE Energy aims to cut carbon emissions across the entire value chain. DTE Energy plans to reduce the carbon emissions from its gas utility operations by 65% by 2030 and 80% by 2040, and is committed to a goal of net zero emissions by 2050 from internal gas operations and gas suppliers. To achieve net zero, DTE Energy is working to source gas with lower methane intensity, reduce emissions through its gas main renewal and pipeline integrity programs, and if necessary, use carbon offsets to address any remaining emissions. DTE Energy also aims to help DTE Gas customers reduce their emissions by approximately 35% by 2040 by increasing energy efficiency, pursuing advanced technologies such as hydrogen and carbon capture and sequestration, and through the CleanVision Natural Gas Balance program which provides customers the option to use carbon offsets and renewable natural gas.
DTE Energy expects that these initiatives at the electric and gas utilities will continue to provide significant opportunities for capital investments and result in earnings growth. DTE Energy is focused on executing its plans to achieve operational excellence and customer satisfaction with a focus on customer affordability. To support its goals for customer affordability, DTE Energy is working to implement operational efficiencies and optimize opportunities from the Inflation Reduction Act to generate tax credits relating to renewable energy, nuclear generation, energy storage, and carbon capture and sequestration. These tax credits may reduce the cost of owning related assets and reduce customer rate impacts from any future cost recoveries. DTE Energy's utilities operate in a constructive regulatory environment and have solid relationships with their regulators.
DTE Energy also has significant investments in non-utility businesses and expects growth opportunities in its DTE Vantage segment. DTE Energy employs disciplined investment criteria when assessing growth opportunities that leverage its assets, skills, and expertise, and provides attractive returns and diversity in earnings and geography. Specifically, DTE Energy invests in targeted markets with attractive competitive dynamics where meaningful scale is in alignment with its risk profile.
A key priority for DTE Energy is to maintain a strong balance sheet which facilitates access to capital markets and reasonably priced financing. Growth will be funded through internally generated cash flows and the issuance of debt and equity. DTE Energy has an enterprise risk management program that, among other things, is designed to monitor and manage exposure to earnings and cash flow volatility related to commodity price changes, interest rates, and counterparty credit risk.
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
DTE Energy's utility businesses will require significant capital investments to maintain and improve the electric generation and electric and natural gas distribution infrastructure and to comply with environmental regulations and achieve goals for carbon emission reductions. Capital plans may be regularly updated as these requirements and goals evolve and may be subject to regulatory approval.
DTE Electric's capital investments over the 2024-2028 period are estimated at $20 billion, comprised of $9 billion for distribution infrastructure, $4 billion for base infrastructure, and $7 billion for cleaner generation including renewables.
DTE Electric has retired all eleven coal-fired generation units at the Trenton Channel, River Rouge, and St. Clair facilities, and plans to repurpose the Trenton Channel plant to a battery energy storage system in 2026. DTE Electric has also announced plans to retire its remaining six coal-fired generating units, including converting the two units at the Belle River facility from a base load coal plant to a natural gas peaking resource in 2025-2026. The four units at the Monroe facility are expected to be retired in two stages in 2028 and 2032. Generation from the retired facilities will continue to be replaced or offset with a combination of renewables, energy waste reduction, demand response, battery storage, and natural gas fueled generation.
DTE Gas' capital investments over the 2024-2028 period are estimated at $3.7 billion, comprised of $2.1 billion for base infrastructure and $1.6 billion for the gas renewal program, which includes main and service renewals, meter move-out, and pipeline integrity projects.
DTE Electric and DTE Gas plan to seek regulatory approval for capital expenditures consistent with ratemaking treatment.
DTE Energy's non-utility businesses' capital investments are primarily for expansion, growth, and ongoing maintenance in the DTE Vantage segment, including approximately $1 billion to $1.5 billion from 2024-2028 for renewable energy projects and custom energy solutions, while expanding into carbon capture and sequestration.
The Registrants are subject to extensive environmental regulations, including those addressing climate change. Additional costs may result as the effects of various substances on the environment are studied and governmental regulations are developed and implemented. Actual costs to comply could vary substantially. The Registrants expect to continue recovering environmental costs related to utility operations through rates charged to customers, as authorized by the MPSC.
Increased costs for energy produced from traditional coal-based sources due to recent, pending, and future regulatory initiatives could also increase the economic viability of energy produced from renewable, natural gas fueled generation, and/or nuclear sources, energy waste reduction initiatives, and the potential development of market-based trading of carbon instruments.
For further discussion of environmental matters, see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Commitments and Contingencies."
OUTLOOK
The next few years will be a period of rapid change for DTE Energy and for the energy industry. DTE Energy's strong utility base, combined with its integrated non-utility operations, position it well for long-term growth.
Looking forward, DTE Energy will focus on several areas that are expected to improve future performance:
•electric and gas customer satisfaction;
•electric distribution system reliability;
•new electric generation and storage;
•gas distribution system renewal;
•reducing carbon emissions at the electric and gas utilities;
•rate competitiveness and affordability;
•regulatory stability and investment recovery for the electric and gas utilities;
•strategic investments in growth projects at DTE Vantage;
•employee engagement, health, safety and wellbeing, and diversity, equity, and inclusion;
•cost structure optimization across all business segments; and
•cash, capital, and liquidity to maintain or improve financial strength.
DTE Energy will continue to pursue opportunities to grow its businesses in a disciplined manner if it can secure opportunities that meet its strategic, financial, and risk criteria.
The following sections provide a detailed discussion of the operating performance and future outlook of DTE Energy's segments. Segment information, described below, includes intercompany revenues, expenses, and other income and deductions that are eliminated in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to DTE Energy by Segment
Electric
$
437
$
268
$
886
$
547
Gas
(13)
(5)
153
190
DTE Vantage
33
56
74
109
Energy Trading
42
65
82
234
Corporate and Other
(22)
(52)
(83)
(102)
Net Income Attributable to DTE Energy Company
$
477
$
332
$
1,112
$
978
ELECTRIC
The Results of Operations discussion for DTE Electric is presented in a reduced disclosure format in accordance with General Instruction H(2) of Form 10-Q.
The Electric segment consists principally of DTE Electric. Electric results and outlook are discussed below:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Operating Revenues
Utility operations
$
1,695
$
1,623
$
4,772
$
4,324
Non-utility operations
2
3
11
10
1,697
1,626
4,783
4,334
Operating Expenses
Fuel and purchased power — utility
461
438
1,248
1,113
Operation and maintenance
347
372
1,064
1,095
Depreciation and amortization
365
337
1,075
989
Taxes other than income
91
88
263
256
1,264
1,235
3,650
3,453
Operating Income
433
391
1,133
881
Other (Income) and Deductions
97
104
292
279
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
(101)
19
(45)
55
Net Income Attributable to DTE Energy Company
$
437
$
268
$
886
$
547
See DTE Electric's Consolidated Statements of Operations for a complete view of its results. Differences between the Electric segment and DTE Electric's Consolidated Statements of Operations are primarily due to non-utility operations at DTE Sustainable Generation (some of which includes intra-segment activity that is eliminated in consolidation) and the classification of certain benefit costs. Refer to Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Retirement Benefits and Trusteed Assets" for additional information.
Operating Revenues increased $71 million and $449 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Revenues associated with certain mechanisms and surcharges, including recovery of fuel and purchased power, are offset by related expenses elsewhere in the Registrants' Consolidated Statements of Operations. The increase in both periods was due to the following:
Three Months
Nine Months
(In millions)
Implementation of new rates
$
100
$
268
Weather
86
157
Regulatory mechanism - DTE Securitization I and II
15
47
Base sales
(1)
33
Power Supply Cost Recovery(a)
(63)
21
Interconnection sales
2
14
Rate mix
15
2
Regulatory mechanism - RPS(b)
(71)
(95)
Other regulatory mechanisms and other(c)
(12)
2
$
71
$
449
______________________________
(a)Includes accruals for expected benefits from nuclear production tax credits, which offset power supply costs.
(b)Includes the impact of solar investment tax credits recognized in third quarter 2024, which offset income tax expense (benefit).
(c)Primarily includes regulatory mechanisms relating to EWR and TRM.
Revenue results are impacted by changes in sales volumes, which are summarized in the table below:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In thousands of MWh)
DTE Electric Sales
Residential
4,623
4,292
11,774
11,070
Commercial
4,527
4,433
12,452
12,163
Industrial
2,255
2,202
6,569
6,477
Other
44
46
141
146
11,449
10,973
30,936
29,856
Interconnection sales
2,734
2,314
6,162
5,229
Total DTE Electric Sales
14,183
13,287
37,098
35,085
DTE Electric Deliveries
Retail and wholesale
11,449
10,973
30,936
29,856
Electric retail access
1,183
1,177
3,353
3,317
Total DTE Electric Sales and Deliveries
12,632
12,150
34,289
33,173
Fuel and purchased power — utility expense increased $23 million and $135 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The increase in both periods was due to the following:
Three Months
(In millions)
Coal - higher consumption and higher prices
$
17
Higher transmission expenses
11
Nuclear fuel - higher amortization due to higher generation
5
Purchased power - lower market prices and lower purchase volumes due to higher generation
Purchased power - MISO refund in 2023 and higher volumes in 2024 primarily due to higher demand
32
Nuclear fuel - lower amortization due to refueling outage in 2024
(5)
Other
2
$
135
Operation and maintenance expense decreased $25 million and $31 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The decrease in the third quarter was primarily due to lower distribution operations expense of $38 million (primarily due to lower storm restoration costs), lower plant generation expense of $9 million, and lower EWR expense of $6 million, partially offset by higher RPS expense of $15 million, higher uncollectible expense of $11 million, and higher legal expense of $4 million. The decrease in the nine-month period was primarily due to lower distribution operations expense of $113 million (primarily due to lower storm restoration costs), partially offset by one-time costs of $32 million resulting from the voluntary separation incentive program, higher RPS expense of $22 million, higher uncollectible expense of $15 million, higher legal expense of $7 million, and higher plant generation expense of $6 million.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $28 million and $86 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The increase in the third quarter was primarily due to a higher depreciable base. The increase in the nine-month period was primarily due to a higher depreciable base of $77 million and an increase of $6 million associated with the TRM.
Taxes other than income increased $3 million and $7 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The increase in both periods was primarily due to higher property taxes.
Other (Income) and Deductions decreased $7 million and increased $13 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The decrease in the third quarter was primarily due to higher AFUDC equity earnings of $15 million and higher investment earnings of $8 million, partially offset by higher net interest expense of $16 million. The increase in the nine-month period was primarily due to higher net interest expense of $59 million, partially offset by higher AFUDC equity earnings of $35 million and higher investment earnings of $9 million.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) changed $120 million and $100 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The change in both periods was primarily due to higher investment tax credits related to 2024 solar projects and higher nuclear production tax credits, partially offset by higher earnings. The impact of tax credits are offset in Operating Revenues through various regulatory mechanisms and have no impact on Net Income.
Outlook— DTE Electric will continue to move forward in its efforts to achieve operational excellence, sustain strong cash flows, and earn its authorized return on equity. DTE Electric expects that planned significant capital investments will result in earnings growth. DTE Electric will maintain a strong focus on customers by increasing reliability and satisfaction while working to keep customer rate increases affordable. Looking forward, additional factors may impact earnings such as weather, the outcome of regulatory proceedings, uncertainty of legislative or regulatory actions regarding environmental compliance, and effects of energy waste reduction programs.
DTE Electric filed a rate case with the MPSC on March 28, 2024 requesting an increase in base rates of $456 million based on a projected twelve-month period ending December 31, 2025, and an increase in return on equity from 9.9% to 10.5%. The requested increase in base rates was primarily due to the capital investments required to support continued reliability improvements and the ongoing transition to cleaner energy. The requested increase in base rates was also due to the increased cost of debt resulting from market dynamics and increasing operating and maintenance expenses. A final MPSC order in this case is expected in January 2025.
The Gas segment consists principally of DTE Gas. Gas results and outlook are discussed below:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Operating Revenues — Utility operations
$
230
$
227
$
1,230
$
1,245
Operating Expenses
Cost of gas — utility
17
23
316
331
Operation and maintenance
125
115
389
366
Depreciation and amortization
57
51
166
153
Taxes other than income
25
23
89
82
Asset (gains) losses and impairments, net
—
—
—
(1)
224
212
960
931
Operating Income
6
15
270
314
Other (Income) and Deductions
24
23
70
64
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
(5)
(3)
47
60
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to DTE Energy Company
$
(13)
$
(5)
$
153
$
190
Operating Revenues — Utility operations increased $3 million and decreased $15 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Revenues associated with certain mechanisms and surcharges, including recovery of the cost of gas, are offset by related expenses elsewhere in DTE Energy's Consolidated Statements of Operations. The change in both periods was due to the following:
Three Months
Nine Months
(In millions)
Weather
$
(1)
$
(23)
Gas Cost Recovery
(6)
(15)
Regulatory mechanism - EWR
(2)
(5)
Base sales
1
(1)
Infrastructure recovery mechanism
10
28
Other
1
1
$
3
$
(15)
Revenue results are impacted by changes in sales volumes, which are summarized in the table below:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In Bcf)
Gas Markets
Gas sales
8
8
84
89
End-user transportation
39
40
127
129
47
48
211
218
Intermediate transportation
116
121
381
401
Total Gas sales
163
169
592
619
Cost of gas — utility expense decreased $6 million and $15 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The decrease in the third quarter was primarily due to lower cost of gas of $6 million. The decrease in the nine-month period was primarily due to lower sales volumes of $20 million partially offset by higher cost of gas of $5 million.
Operation and maintenance expense increased $10 million and $23 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The increase in the third quarter was primarily due to higher uncollectible expense of $7 million and higher gas operations expense of $5 million. The increase in the nine-month period was primarily due to higher gas operations expense of $13 million, one-time costs resulting from the voluntary separation incentive program of $8 million, and higher uncollectible expense of $6 million, partially offset by lower legal expenses of $2 million.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $6 million and $13 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The increase in both periods was primarily due to a higher depreciable base.
Taxes other than income expense increased $2 million and $7 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The increase in both periods was primarily due to higher property taxes.
Other (Income) and Deductions increased $1 million and $6 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The increase in the nine-month period was primarily due to higher net interest expense of $10 million partially offset by lower non-operating retirement benefits expense of $2 million and higher investment earnings of $2 million.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) increased $2 million and decreased $13 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The decrease in the nine-month period was primarily due to lower earnings.
Outlook — DTE Gas will continue to move forward in its efforts to achieve operational excellence, sustain strong cash flows, and earn its authorized return on equity. DTE Gas expects that planned significant infrastructure capital investments will result in earnings growth. Looking forward, additional factors may impact earnings such as weather and the outcome of regulatory proceedings. DTE Gas expects to continue its efforts to improve productivity and decrease costs while improving customer satisfaction with consideration of customer rate affordability.
DTE Gas filed a rate case with the MPSC on January 8, 2024 requesting an increase in base rates of $266 million based on a projected twelve-month period ending September 30, 2025, and an increase in return on equity from 9.9% to 10.25%. The request reflects a net increase to customer rates of only $160 million, as an existing IRM surcharge of $106 million would be rolled into the new base rates. The requested increase is primarily due to increased investments in plant related to system reliability and pipeline safety and inflationary impacts on operating costs, partially offset by higher sales. A final MPSC order in this case is expected in November 2024.
The DTE Vantage segment is comprised primarily of renewable energy projects that sell electricity and pipeline-quality gas and projects that deliver custom energy solutions to industrial, commercial, and institutional customers. DTE Vantage results and outlook are discussed below:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In millions)
Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations
$
190
$
199
$
555
$
572
Operating Expenses
Fuel, purchased power, and gas — non-utility
87
98
279
288
Operation and maintenance
66
50
199
171
Depreciation and amortization
14
14
43
39
Taxes other than income
2
2
8
7
Asset (gains) losses and impairments, net
—
(12)
(1)
(9)
169
152
528
496
Operating Income
21
47
27
76
Other (Income) and Deductions
(23)
(7)
(66)
(25)
Income Taxes
Expense
13
15
25
28
Tax credits
(2)
(17)
(6)
(36)
11
(2)
19
(8)
Net Income Attributable to DTE Energy Company
$
33
$
56
$
74
$
109
Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations decreased $9 million and $17 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The decrease in both periods was due to the following:
Three Months
Nine Months
(In millions)
Lower demand and prices in the Steel business
$
(5)
$
(16)
Lower sales in the Renewables business
(8)
(6)
Sale of project in the On-site business
—
(3)
New project in the On-site business
4
8
$
(9)
$
(17)
Fuel, purchased power, and gas — non-utility expense decreased $11 million and $9 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The decrease in both periods was due to the following:
Three Months
Nine Months
(In millions)
Lower demand and prices in the Steel business
$
(9)
$
(12)
Sale of project in the On-site business
—
(3)
Costs in the Renewables business
(2)
6
$
(11)
$
(9)
Operation and maintenance expense increased $16 million and $28 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in the third quarter was primarily due to higher costs in the Renewables business of $6 million, On-site business of $5 million, and Steel business of $4 million. The increase in the nine-month period was primarily due to higher costs in the On-site business of $12 million, Renewables business of $8 million, and Steel business of $8 million.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $4 million in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024. The increase in the nine-month period was primarily due to new projects in the Renewables business.
Asset (gains) losses and impairments, net decreased $12 million and $8 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The decrease in both periods was primarily due to a gain in 2023 of $17 million resulting from a change in estimate of an asset retirement obligation in the Steel business, partially offset by asset write-offs in other business units of $5 million. The remaining decrease in the nine-month period was primarily due to settlement of contingent consideration relating to a 2017 acquisition in the Renewables business in 2023.
Other (Income) and Deductions increased $16 million and $41 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The increase in the third quarter was primarily due to higher interest income of $12 million associated with a new project in the On-site business and higher equity earnings of $8 million, partially offset by higher interest expense of $3 million. The increase in the nine-month period was primarily due to higher interest income of $28 million associated with a new project in the On-site business and a gain in the Renewables business of $25 million attributed to the sale of a partnership interest, partially offset by higher interest expense of $10 million.
Income Taxes — Tax credits decreased $15 million and $30 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The decrease in both periods was primarily due to investment tax credits related to new projects in the On-site and Renewables businesses in 2023.
Outlook — DTE Vantage will continue to leverage its extensive energy-related operating experience and project management capability to develop additional renewable natural gas projects and other projects that will provide customer specific energy solutions. DTE Vantage is also developing decarbonization opportunities relating to carbon capture and sequestration projects.
ENERGY TRADING
Energy Trading focuses on physical and financial power, natural gas and environmental marketing and trading, structured transactions, enhancement of returns from its asset portfolio, and optimization of contracted natural gas pipeline transportation and storage positions. Energy Trading also provides natural gas, power, environmental, and related services, which may include the management of associated storage and transportation contracts on the customers' behalf and the supply or purchase of environmental attributes to various customers. Energy Trading results and outlook are discussed below:
Operating Revenues — Non-utility operations decreased $53 million and $755 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The following tables detail changes relative to the comparable prior periods:
Three Months
(In millions)
Realized gas structured and gas transportation strategies - ($72) primarily due to lower gas prices, $19 settled financial hedges
$
(53)
Unrealized MTM - $11 gains compared to $21 gains in the prior period
(10)
Other realized gain (loss)
10
$
(53)
Nine Months
(In millions)
Realized gas structured and gas transportation strategies - ($476) primarily due to lower gas prices, ($48) settled financial hedges
$
(524)
Unrealized MTM - ($67) losses compared to $105 gains in the prior period
(172)
Other realized gain (loss)
(59)
$
(755)
Purchased power, gas, and other — non-utility expense decreased $23 million and $550 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The following tables detail changes relative to the comparable prior periods:
Three Months
(In millions)
Realized gas structured and gas transportation strategies - primarily lower gas prices
$
(46)
Unrealized MTM - ($45) gains compared to ($36) gains in the prior period
(9)
Other realized (gain) loss
32
$
(23)
Nine Months
(In millions)
Realized gas structured and gas transportation strategies - primarily lower gas prices
$
(536)
Unrealized MTM - ($83) gains compared to ($120) gains in the prior period
37
Other realized (gain) loss
(51)
$
(550)
Operation and maintenance expense decreased $1 million and increased $7 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The increase in the nine-month period was primarily due to higher compensation costs.
Natural gas structured transactions typically involve a physical purchase or sale of natural gas in the future and/or natural gas basis financial instruments which are derivatives and a related non-derivative pipeline transportation contract. These gas structured transactions can result in significant earnings volatility as the derivative components are marked-to-market without revaluing the related non-derivative contracts.
Operating Income decreased $30 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, which includes a $15 million unfavorable change in timing related gains primarily related to gas strategies that will reverse in future periods as the underlying contracts settle. The decrease also includes a $9 million unfavorable change in timing related losses primarily related to gas strategies that were recognized in previous periods and reversed in the current period as the underlying contracts settled.
Operating Income decreased $212 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which includes a $139 million unfavorable change in timing related gains primarily related to gas strategies that will reverse in future periods as the underlying contracts settle. The decrease also includes a $93 million unfavorable change in timing related gains and losses primarily related to gas strategies that were recognized in previous periods and reversed in the current period as the underlying contracts settled.
Other (Income) and Deductions increased $1 million and changed $9 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The change in the nine-month period was primarily due to higher interest income.
Outlook — In the near-term, Energy Trading expects market conditions to remain challenging. The profitability of this segment may be impacted by the volatility in commodity prices and the uncertainty of impacts associated with regulatory changes, and changes in operating rules of Regional Transmission Organizations. Significant portions of the Energy Trading portfolio are economically hedged. Most financial instruments, physical power and natural gas contracts, and certain environmental contracts are deemed derivatives; whereas, natural gas and environmental inventory, contracts for pipeline transportation, storage assets, and some environmental contracts are not derivatives. As a result, Energy Trading will experience earnings volatility as derivatives are marked-to-market without revaluing the underlying non-derivative contracts and assets. Energy Trading's strategy is to economically manage the price risk of these underlying non-derivative contracts and assets with futures, forwards, swaps, and options. This results in gains and losses that are recognized in different interim and annual accounting periods.
See also the "Fair Value" section herein and Notes 6 and 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Fair Value" and "Financial and Other Derivative Instruments," respectively.
CORPORATE AND OTHER
Corporate and Other includes various holding company activities, holds certain non-utility debt, and holds certain investments, including investments supporting regional development and economic growth. The net loss of $22 million and $83 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, represents a decrease of $30 million and $19 million from the net loss of $52 million and $102 million in the comparable 2023 periods. The decrease in the third quarter was primarily due to the effective tax rate adjustments. The decrease in the nine-month period was primarily due to the effective tax rate adjustments and higher equity investment income, partially offset by higher net interest expense and higher state income taxes.
Outlook — Corporate and Other will continue to support DTE Energy's goals to achieve long-term earnings growth by managing corporate costs such as interest and tax expense. Corporate and Other will also continue to support DTE Energy in achieving a strong balance sheet, access to capital markets, and implementation of a financing plan that includes interest rate management in order to manage interest costs.
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
Cash Requirements
DTE Energy uses cash to maintain and invest in the electric and natural gas utilities, to grow the non-utility businesses, to retire and pay interest on long-term debt, and to pay dividends. DTE Energy believes it will have sufficient internal and external capital resources to fund anticipated capital and operating requirements. DTE Energy expects that cash from operations in 2024 will be approximately $3.3 billion. DTE Energy anticipates base level utility capital investments, including environmental, renewable, and energy waste reduction expenditures, and expenditures for non-utility businesses of approximately $4.7 billion in 2024. DTE Energy plans to seek regulatory approval to include utility capital expenditures in regulatory rate base consistent with prior treatment. Capital spending for growth of existing or new non-utility businesses will depend on the existence of opportunities that meet strict risk-return and value creation criteria.
Refer below for analysis of cash flows relating to operating, investing, and financing activities, which reflect DTE Energy's change in financial condition. Any significant non-cash items are included in the Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, as applicable.
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
(In millions)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period
$
51
$
43
Net cash from operating activities
2,559
2,375
Net cash used for investing activities
(4,713)
(2,941)
Net cash from financing activities
3,126
589
Net Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
972
23
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period
$
1,023
$
66
Cash from Operating Activities
A majority of DTE Energy's operating cash flows are provided by the electric and natural gas utilities, which are significantly influenced by factors such as weather, electric retail access, regulatory deferrals, regulatory outcomes, economic conditions, changes in working capital, and operating costs.
Net cash from operations increased by $184 million in 2024. The increase was primarily due to increases in Net income, Depreciation and amortization, and working capital items, partially offset by decreases in cash related to deferred taxes and Allowance for equity funds used during construction.
The change in working capital items in 2024 was primarily due to increases in cash related to Accounts payable, Derivative assets and liabilities, and Other current and noncurrent assets and liabilities, partially offset by decreases in cash related to Accounts receivable, net and Inventories.
Cash used for Investing Activities
Cash inflows associated with investing activities are primarily generated from the sale of assets, while cash outflows are the result of plant and equipment expenditures and acquisitions. In any given year, DTE Energy looks to realize cash from under-performing or non-strategic assets or matured, fully valued assets.
Capital spending within the utility businesses is primarily to maintain and improve electric generation and the electric and natural gas distribution infrastructure, and to comply with environmental regulations and renewable energy goals.
Capital spending within the non-utility businesses is primarily for ongoing maintenance, expansion, and growth. DTE Energy looks to make growth investments that meet strict criteria in terms of strategy, management skills, risks, and returns. All new investments are analyzed for their rates of return and cash payback on a risk adjusted basis. DTE Energy has been disciplined in how it deploys capital and will not make investments unless they meet the criteria. For new business lines, DTE Energy initially invests based on research and analysis. DTE Energy starts with a limited investment, evaluates the results, and either expands or exits the business based on those results. In any given year, the amount of growth capital will be determined by the underlying cash flows of DTE Energy, with a clear understanding of any potential impact on its credit ratings.
Net cash used for investing activities increased by $1.8 billion in 2024 primarily due to the Investment in time deposits and increases in utility plant and equipment expenditures and Notes receivable.
Cash from Financing Activities
DTE Energy relies on both short-term borrowing and long-term financing as a source of funding for capital requirements not satisfied by its operations.
DTE Energy's strategy is to have a targeted debt portfolio blend of fixed and variable interest rates and maturity. DTE Energy targets balance sheet financial metrics to ensure it is consistent with the objective of a strong investment grade debt rating.
Net cash from financing activities increased by $2.5 billion in 2024 primarily due to increases in cash related to the Issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs and Redemption of long-term debt, partially offset by a decrease in cash related to Short-term borrowings, net.
Outlook
Sources of Cash
DTE Energy expects cash flows from operations to increase over the long-term, primarily as a result of growth from the utility and non-utility businesses. Growth in the utilities is expected to be driven primarily by capital spending which will increase the base from which rates are determined. DTE Energy expects long-term growth in sales related to vehicle electrification, but no significant impacts in the near-term. Non-utility growth is expected from additional investments in the DTE Vantage segment, primarily related to renewable energy and custom energy solutions, while expanding into carbon capture and sequestration. DTE Vantage expects enhanced growth opportunities in decarbonization as a result of the Inflation Reduction Act, including tax credits for renewable natural gas and carbon capture projects.
DTE Energy's utilities may be impacted by the timing of collection or refund of various recovery and tracking mechanisms, as a result of timing of MPSC orders. Energy prices are likely to be a source of volatility with regard to working capital requirements for the foreseeable future. DTE Energy continues its efforts to identify opportunities to improve cash flows through working capital initiatives and maintaining flexibility in the timing and extent of long-term capital projects.
At the discretion of management and depending upon economic and financial market conditions, DTE Energy expects to issue up to $100 million of equity in 2024. DTE Energy anticipates these discretionary equity issuances to be made through contributions to the dividend reinvestment plan and/or employee benefit plans.
Over the long-term, DTE Energy does not have any equity commitments and will continue to evaluate equity needs on an annual basis. DTE Energy currently expects its primary source of long-term financing to be the issuance of debt and is monitoring changes in interest rates and impacts on the cost of borrowing.
Uses of Cash
DTE Energy has $3.2 billion in long-term debt, including securitization bonds and finance leases, maturing within twelve months. Repayment of the debt is expected to be made through internally generated funds, the issuance of short-term and/or long-term debt, and the redemption of time deposits.
DTE Energy has paid quarterly cash dividends for more than 100 consecutive years and expects to continue paying regular cash dividends in the future, including approximately $0.8 billion in 2024. Any payment of future dividends is subject to approval by the Board of Directors and may depend on DTE Energy's future earnings, capital requirements, and financial condition. Over the long-term, DTE Energy expects continued dividend growth and is targeting a payout ratio consistent with pure-play utility companies.
Various subsidiaries and equity investees of DTE Energy have entered into derivative and non-derivative contracts which contain ratings triggers and are guaranteed by DTE Energy. These contracts contain provisions which allow the counterparties to require that DTE Energy post cash or letters of credit as collateral in the event that DTE Energy's credit rating is downgraded below investment grade. Certain of these provisions (known as "hard triggers") state specific circumstances under which DTE Energy can be required to post collateral upon the occurrence of a credit downgrade, while other provisions (known as "soft triggers") are not as specific. For contracts with soft triggers, it is difficult to estimate the amount of collateral which may be requested by counterparties and/or which DTE Energy may ultimately be required to post. The amount of such collateral which could be requested fluctuates based on commodity prices (primarily natural gas, power, and environmental) and the provisions and maturities of the underlying transactions. As of September 30, 2024, DTE Energy's contractual obligation to post collateral in the form of cash or letters of credit in the event of a downgrade to below investment grade, under both hard trigger and soft trigger provisions, was $420 million.
Other obligations are further described in the following Combined Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements:
Note
Title
1
Organization and Basis of Presentation
2
Significant Accounting Policies
7
Financial and Other Derivative Instruments
8
Long-Term Debt
9
Short-Term Credit Arrangements and Borrowings
11
Commitments and Contingencies
12
Retirement Benefits and Trusteed Assets
Also refer to the "Capital Investments" section above regarding DTE Energy's capital strategy and estimated spend over the next five years. For additional information regarding DTE Energy's future cash obligations, including scheduled debt maturities and interest payments, minimum lease payments, and future purchase commitments, refer to DTE Energy's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Liquidity
DTE Energy has approximately $3.0 billion of available liquidity at September 30, 2024, consisting primarily of cash and cash equivalents and amounts available under unsecured revolving credit agreements.
DTE Energy believes it will have sufficient operating flexibility, cash resources, and funding sources to maintain adequate amounts of liquidity and to meet future operating cash and capital expenditure needs. However, virtually all of DTE Energy's businesses are capital intensive, or require access to capital, and the inability to access adequate capital could adversely impact earnings and cash flows.
FAIR VALUE
Derivatives are generally recorded at fair value and shown as Derivative assets or liabilities. Contracts DTE Energy typically classifies as derivative instruments include power, natural gas, some environmental contracts, and certain forwards, futures, options and swaps, and foreign currency exchange contracts. Items DTE Energy does not generally account for as derivatives include natural gas and environmental inventory, pipeline transportation contracts, storage assets, and some environmental contracts. See Notes 6 and 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Fair Value" and "Financial and Other Derivative Instruments," respectively.
The tables below do not include the expected earnings impact of non-derivative natural gas storage, transportation, certain power contracts, and some environmental contracts which are subject to accrual accounting. Consequently, gains and losses from these positions may not match with the related physical and financial hedging instruments in some reporting periods, resulting in volatility in the Registrants' reported period-by-period earnings; however, the financial impact of the timing differences will reverse at the time of physical delivery and/or settlement.
The Registrants manage their MTM risk on a portfolio basis based upon the delivery period of their contracts and the individual components of the risks within each contract. Accordingly, the Registrants record and manage the energy purchase and sale obligations under their contracts in separate components based on the commodity (e.g. electricity or natural gas), the product (e.g. electricity for delivery during peak or off-peak hours), the delivery location (e.g. by region), the risk profile (e.g. forward or option), and the delivery period (e.g. by month and year).
The Registrants have established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value in three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). For further discussion of the fair value hierarchy, see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, "Fair Value."
The following table provides details on changes in DTE Energy's MTM net asset (or liability) position:
DTE Energy
(In millions)
MTM at December 31, 2023
$
97
Reclassified to realized upon settlement
(213)
Changes in fair value recorded to income
214
Amounts recorded to unrealized income
1
Changes in fair value recorded in Regulatory liabilities
29
Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income, pre-tax
7
Change in collateral
(80)
MTM at September 30, 2024
$
54
The table below shows the maturity of DTE Energy's MTM positions. The positions from 2027 and beyond principally represent longer tenor gas structured transactions:
Source of Fair Value
2024
2025
2026
2027 and Beyond
Total Fair Value
(In millions)
Level 1
$
(8)
$
(11)
$
(6)
$
1
$
(24)
Level 2
22
18
13
(10)
43
Level 3
10
40
16
(23)
43
MTM before collateral adjustments
$
24
$
47
$
23
$
(32)
62
Collateral adjustments
(8)
MTM at September 30, 2024
$
54
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market Price Risk
The Electric and Gas businesses have commodity price risk, primarily related to the purchases of coal, natural gas, uranium, and electricity. However, the Registrants do not bear significant exposure to earnings risk, as such changes are included in the PSCR and GCR regulatory rate-recovery mechanisms. Earnings may be indirectly impacted if PSCR or GCR charges increase such that it impacts the collectability of receivables and increases uncollectible expense. Refer to the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts section below for additional information.
Changes in the price of natural gas can also impact the valuation of lost and unaccounted for gas, storage sales, and transportation services revenue at the Gas segment. The Gas segment manages its market price risk related to storage sales revenue primarily through the sale of long-term storage contracts. The Registrants are exposed to short-term cash flow or liquidity risk as a result of the time differential between actual cash settlements and regulatory rate recovery.
The DTE Vantage segment is subject to price risk for electricity, natural gas, coal products, and environmental attributes generated from its renewable natural gas investments. DTE Energy manages its exposure to commodity price risk through the use of long-term contracts and hedging instruments, when available.
DTE Energy's Energy Trading business segment has exposure to electricity, natural gas, environmental, crude oil, heating oil, and foreign currency exchange price fluctuations. These risks are managed by the energy marketing and trading operations through the use of forward energy, capacity, storage, options, and futures contracts, within predetermined risk parameters.
Supplemental Indenture dated as of August 1, 2024, to the Amended and Restated Indenture dated as of April 9, 2001, by and between DTE Energy Company and the Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee. (2024 Series E)