
本文精编自中金《小牛电动:后发制胜,做高端锂电二轮车领导者》
摘要:小牛电动今年股价表现十分抢眼,年初以来累计上涨约277%,该公司也被外界誉为两轮电动车的特斯拉。基于对国内、外电动二轮车行业的展望,以及对小牛核心竞争力的理解,中金认为其仍处于高速增长期,年销量有望从2019年42万辆增长至2022年215万辆,CAGR高达72%,未来2-3年有望迎来集中利润释放。
一、行业层面,新国标驱动电动二轮车重启高增长
二轮车是出行工具的重要组成部分,按照年产规模看,2019年国内二轮车产销规模接近6000万辆,其中二轮车电动车约3000-3500万辆,电动化渗透率已经达到80%的较高水平。

从增速看,国内电动自行车高速增长期是2000-2012年,之后进入存量时代:
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不过行业在2018年出现了一个重大变量——新国标(电动车新国标的执行标准,2018.5.17发布),这一政策预计将在未来2-3年加速存量淘汰,拉动电动二轮车重启高增长。
中金初步估算非标车淘汰将带动约6000万辆提前替换需求,从而拉动行业销量在2022年达到5500万辆,在目前的基础上接近翻倍。
对企业而言,行业重启高增长无疑是难得发展机遇,以上也是中金看好小牛未来发展的大背景。
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二、后发制胜,小牛引领中高端锂电市场
小牛电动属于高举高达进入电动二轮车市场,目前已经站稳国内中高端锂电市场。
2014年小牛电动成立,2015年发布第一款电动车NQi,2019年末国内共有门店1050家,全球累计销售超过100万辆电动车。
公司电动二轮车销量从2016年8.5万辆增长至2019年42.1万辆,复合增速70.5%:
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财务方面,近几年小牛营收随销量快速增长,且横向对比同行具有高利润率、轻资产及优质现金流等优势。
小牛收入随销量快速增长,2020H1受疫情扰动,增速回落:
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2019年小牛经营利润率达到相对稳态,盈利能力远高于行业平均水平:
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横向对比,小牛还具备较轻的资产模式,资本开支有限,单车折旧摊销小:
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为什么作为新进入者,小牛却能够迅速站稳中高端锂电市场?中金分析这得益于小牛的核心竞争力,包括:
1)产品导入自上而下、高举高打,营销精准;
2)原创设计及核心技术赋能智能化+网联化;
2)APP应用深化社交圈层属性;
3)渠道布局循序渐进、管控力强;
4)国际化创始人团队与品牌调性相辅相成。
小牛目前拥有N/M/U/G四大电动二轮车产品系,覆盖2500元-1万元产品矩阵:
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上述能力使得小牛的产品售价远高与国内其它龙头厂商,而高产品售价又帮助其打开盈利空间,逐步塑造高端品牌:
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三、前景展望,小牛即将进入业绩爆发期
基于对国内、外电动二轮车行业的展望,以及对小牛核心竞争力的理解,中金认为该公司仍处于快速增长的阶段,并预计其年销量有望从2019年42万辆增长至2022年215万辆,CAGR高达72%。
首先国内市场,中金预计从2021年下半年开始国内市场逐步进入非标车替换期,并拉动行业销量在2022年达到5500万辆,在此期间,小牛国内销量预计由39万辆增长到194万辆。
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海外市场方面,中金预计小牛销量将由2019年的3万辆增加至2022年的21万辆,全球总销量将由2019年的42万辆增加至215万辆。
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业绩方面,中金预计小牛2020-2022 年营业收入分别为28.9亿元、49.9亿元及88.8亿元,GAAP净利润为2.2亿元、5.0亿元及9.3亿元,CAGR达到106%
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估值方面,中金参考了2个维度:
1)传统电动二轮车行业,港股上市公司雅迪、A股上市公司新日对应2021年P/E分别为27.2/20.7倍,相比之下,小牛具有更高增长空间,更好竞争格局,以及更强溢价能力,其估值应该享有溢价;
2)小家电、消费电子公司:在消费属性、单体价格和使用寿命等方面具有可比性,相关上市公司包括小熊电器、苏泊尔、九阳股份、科沃斯等对应2021年平均P/E为39.5倍。
综合上述考虑,中金认为小牛合理估值对应30倍P/E,首次覆盖给予跑赢行业评级。
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This article is edited from CICC "Niu Technologies: winning from the backwardness, being the leader of high-end lithium battery two-wheeler".
Summary:Niu Technologies's share price has performed very well this year, rising by about 277% since the beginning of the year.The company is also known as Tesla, Inc. of the two-wheeled electric car. Based on the outlook of the domestic and foreign electric two-wheeler industry, as well as the understanding of the core competitiveness of Mavericks, CICC believes that it is still in a period of rapid growth, and annual sales are expected to rise from 2019.年42Ten thousand vehicles increased to 2022年215Ten thousand cars, CAGRUp to 72%, future 2-3The year is expected to usher in the release of concentrated profits.
First, at the industry level, the new GB drives electric two-wheelers to restart high growth
Two-wheeled vehicles are an important part of travel tools. According to the annual production scale, the domestic production and sales scale of two-wheeled vehicles is close to 60 million in 2019, of which about 3000-35 million electric vehicles are two-wheeled vehicles, and the electrified permeability has reached a high level of 80%.

From the point of view of the growth rate, the rapid growth period of domestic electric bicycles is from 2000 to 2012, and then enter the stock era:
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But the industry is in 2018.In # there was a major variable-the new national standard (the implementation standard of the new national standard for electric vehicles, 2018.5.17Publish)This policy is expected to accelerate stock elimination in the next 2-3 years, driving electric two-wheelers to restart high growth.
Preliminary estimation of CICCThe elimination of non-standard cars will drive demand for about 60 million vehicles to be replaced in advance, driving industry sales to 55 million in 2022, nearly doubling from the current level.
For enterprises, the resumption of high growth in the industry is undoubtedly a rare development opportunity, and the above is also the background that CICC is optimistic about the future development of Mavericks.。
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Second, the late-start wins, the Mavericks lead the middle and high-end lithium electricity market
Niu Technologies is a member of Gao Da to enter the electric two-wheeler market, and has now established a firm foothold in the domestic middle and high-end lithium battery market.。
Niu Technologies was founded in 2014 and launched its first electric car, NQi, in 2015. There were 1050 stores in China at the end of 2019, and more than 1 million electric cars were sold worldwide.
The company's electric two-wheeler sales increased from 85000 in 2016 to 421000 in 2019, a compound growth rate of 70.5%:
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In terms of finance, Mavericks' revenue has increased rapidly with sales in recent years, and horizontal comparison of peers has the advantages of high profit margin, light assets and high-quality cash flow.。
Mavericks' income increases rapidly with sales, 2020H1 is disturbed by the epidemic, and the growth rate slows down:
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In 2019, Mavericks' operating profit margin reached a relatively steady state, and its profitability was much higher than the industry average:
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By horizontal comparison, the Mavericks also have a lighter asset model, limited capital expenditure and small depreciation and amortization of bicycles:
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Why, as a new entrant, Mavericks can quickly stand firm in the middle and high-end lithium battery market?CICC analyzes that this benefits from the Mavericks' core competitiveness, including:
1) Product introduction from top to bottom, high-flying, accurate marketing
2) original design and core technology enabling intelligence + networking
2) APP application deepens the attributes of social circle layer
3) gradual channel layout and strong management and control
4) the international founder team and the brand tone complement each other.
Mavericks currently have four major N/M/U/G electric two-wheeler product lines, covering a product matrix of 2500-10,000 yuan:
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The above capabilities make Mavericks' products sell much higher than other leading domestic manufacturers, and high product prices help it open up profit margins and gradually shape high-end brands:
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III. Prospect: the Mavericks are about to enter a period of explosive performance.
Based on the outlook of the domestic and foreign electric two-wheeler industry, as well as the understanding of Mavericks' core competitiveness, CICC believes that the company is still in the stage of rapid growth.And its annual sales are expected to grow from 420000 in 2019 to 2.15 million in 2022, with a CAGR of 72%.
First, the domestic marketCICC expects the domestic market to gradually enter a non-standard car replacement period from the second half of 2021, and drive industry sales to 55 million in 2022, during which Mavericks' domestic sales are expected to grow from 390000 to 1.94 million.
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In overseas marketsCICC expects calf sales to increase from 30, 000 in 2019 to 210000 in 2022, and total global sales to 2.15 million from 420000 in 2019.
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In terms of performance, CICC expects Mavericks' operating income from 2020 to 2022 to be 2.89 billion yuan, 4.99 billion yuan and 8.88 billion yuan respectively, the net profit of GAAP is 220 million yuan, 500 million yuan and 930 million yuan, and CAGR reaches 106%.
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In terms of valuation, CICC made reference to 2.Dimensions:
1) in the traditional electric two-wheeler industry, Hong Kong listed company Yadi and A-share listed company Xinri correspond to 27.2Maple 20.7 times of 2021 respectively. By contrast, Mavericks have higher growth space, better competitive pattern and stronger premium ability, so their valuation should enjoy a premium.
2) small household appliances and consumer electronics companies: they are comparable in terms of consumer attributes, unit prices and service life. The relevant listed companies, including Xiaoxiong Electric Appliances, Supor, Jiuyang shares and Kovos, etc., correspond to an average of 39.5 times of Pmax E in 2021.
Based on the above considerations, CICC believes that the reasonable valuation of the Mavericks corresponds to 30%.Doubling PBG EFor the first time, covering the rating of outperforming industries。
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