Deep Sea Mining Hits Breaks As Carvalho Takes ISA Leadership
Deep Sea Mining Hits Breaks As Carvalho Takes ISA Leadership
"Transparency and accountability is my top priority," Carvalho stated in an interview for Bloomberg, emphasizing her commitment to science-based governance.The International Seabed Authority (ISA) has elected Leticia Carvalho of Brazil as its new secretary-general. Her appointment could mean a shift in momentum regarding deep sea mining as nations scramble to secure vital minerals for the green energy transition.
國際海底管理局（ISA）選舉了巴西的萊蒂西婭·卡瓦略奧（Leticia Carvalho）擔任新的秘書長。她的任命可能意味着有關深海採礦的勢頭轉變，因爲國家爭先恐後地保護綠色能源轉型所需的重要礦物質。
Carvalho, an experienced oceanographer and former environmental regulator, will start a four-year term in January 2025. She will replace Michael Lodge, who served two terms and had a notable pro-mining stance. Carvalho brings a wealth of experience to this role, having previously served as an official at the UN Environment Program in Nairobi and worked with Brazil's oil regulator.
卡瓦略奧是一名經驗豐富的海洋學家和前環境監管者，在2025年1月開始擔任爲期四年的任期。她將取代任期爲兩屆且持有明顯親礦立場的邁克爾·洛奇（Michael Lodge）。卡瓦略奧在此職位中擁有豐富的經驗，此前曾擔任聯合國環境規劃署的官員，並與巴西石油監管機構合作。
Her background suggests an environmentally friendly ISA's approach to regulating sea-floor mining.
她的背景表明國際海底管理局的海底礦產開採監管方法是環保友好的。
"Transparency and accountability is my top priority," Carvalho stated in an interview for Bloomberg, emphasizing her commitment to science-based governance.
卡瓦略奧在接受彭博社採訪時表示：“透明度和問責制是我最優先考慮的問題，”強調了她對以科學爲基礎的治理的承諾。
The transition is critical for the ISA, which has been rushed to develop regulations for extracting polymetallic nodules and other mineral deposits. Companies like The Metals Company (NASDAQ:TMC) have been pushing for licenses to start mining operations; however, sea mining is proving to be a more complex topic than scientists have anticipated.
這一過渡對於國際海底管理局來說至關重要，該機構被迫爲開採多金屬結核狀物和其他礦物沉積物的規定和許可證制定條例。像金屬公司（納斯達克代碼：TMC）這樣的公司一直在推動開採許可證；但是，海洋開採證明比科學家預期的更爲複雜。
Recently, scientists discovered that polymetallic nodules in the Pacific Ocean produce oxygen, which has significant implications for marine ecosystems.
最近，科學家發現太平洋的多金屬結核狀物產生氧氣，這對於海洋生態具有重要意義。
The team of researchers led by Professor Andrew Sweetman discovered that potato-shaped nodules rich in manganese, cobalt, and nickel produce oxygen in complete darkness around 4,000 meters below the surface.
由安德魯·斯威特曼教授領導的研究團隊發現，在海平面以下約4000米處，豐富錳、鈷和鎳的土豆狀結核體處在完全黑暗環境中仍能產生氧氣。
"When we first got this data, we thought the sensors were faulty because every study ever done in the deep sea has only seen oxygen being consumed rather than produced," he said for CNBC, noting the magnitude of this discovery.
“當我們第一次得到這些數據時，我們認爲傳感器出現了故障，因爲在深海所做的每項研究都只看到氧氣被消耗而不是產生，”他在接受CNBC採訪時說道，並指出了這一發現的重要性。
This new data left environmentalists with more questions than answers, and Carvalho believes it will prolong the regulatory work, expected to be completed by mid-2025.
這些新數據給環保主義者留下了更多的問題。卡瓦略奧認爲，這將延長監管工作的時間，預計將在2025年中期完成。
"There is a big amount of work to be done. Logically, I can tell you that it's unlikely that this is going to be accomplished by the current deadline," she said.
“還有大量工作要做。從邏輯上講，我可以告訴您，目前的最後期限是不可能完成的，”她說。
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