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Merck Manuals Answers Common Questions About Temporomandibular Disorders

Merck Manuals Answers Common Questions About Temporomandibular Disorders

默沙東手冊回答顳下頜關節紊亂常見問題
PR Newswire ·  06/21 02:45

RAHWAY, N.J., June 20, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- People experiencing headaches, soreness when they chew, or a clicking jaw may be suffering from a temporomandibular disorder (TMD). There are many kinds of TMDs, each with their own causes and symptoms.

如果有頭痛,咀嚼時疼痛或下顎有咔嗒聲,可能患上了顳下頜關節紊亂(TMD)。有許多種TMD,每種都有自己的原因和症狀。

In a new editorial from MerckManuals.com, Gary D. Klasser, DMD, Louisiana State University School of Dentistry, answers some of the most common questions patients have about TMDs and how they can best find relief from the conditions.

在MerckManuals.com的一篇新社論中,路易斯安那州立大學牙科學院的Gary D. Klasser, DMD回答了患者對TMD的最常見問題以及如何最好地緩解這些疾病。

1. What's the difference between TMD and TMJ?

1. TMD和TMJ有什麼區別? “TMJ”通常被用作代表下顎疼痛和其它問題的簡寫,Klasser解釋道。但TMJ代表的是顳下頜關節,它只是身體的一部分,而不是狀況。具體來說,TMJ是連接顱骨和下顎骨(下頜骨)之間的連接點。 另一方面,TMD是連接您頭骨(顳骨)和下顎骨的關節、韌帶、肌腱或肌肉的狀況。以前被稱爲TMJ疾病的TMD在20多歲的女性和40到50歲之間的人中最爲常見。

"TMJ" is often used as shorthand for jaw pain and other issues, Klasser explains. But TMJ stands for temporomandibular joint. That's just a body part, not a condition. Specifically, TMJs are the connections between the temporal bones of the skull and the lower jawbone (mandible).

“TMJ”通常被用來代表下顎疼痛和其它問題,Klasser解釋道。但TMJ代表的是顳下頜關節。那只是身體的一部分而不是狀況。特別的,TMJ是頭骨上的顳骨和下顎骨(下頜骨)之間的連接點。

TMDs, on the other hand, are the conditions of the joints, ligaments, tendons, or muscles connecting part of your skull (the temporal bone) to your lower jawbone. TMDs, previously called TMJ disorders, are most common among women in their early 20s and those between the ages of 40 and 50.

TMD則是關節、韌帶、肌腱或肌肉連接您頭骨(顳骨)和下顎骨的狀況。TMD以前被稱爲TMJ疾病,在20多歲的女性和40到50歲之間的人中最爲常見。

2. What causes TMDs?

2. TMD是什麼原因導致的? 對於大多數人來說,TMD有多種可能導致的因素,其中一些因素患者可能甚至不自知。大多數TMD都有兩個原因之一,Klasser說。第一個是巨型創傷,例如直接打擊或頭部受傷導致疼痛。第二個原因,更爲常見,是微型創傷,一種隨着時間累積的重複勞損傷害。如果您在緊張時咬緊牙關,在睡覺時齒頜緊接,或者每天嚼口香糖,這些低強度的行爲可以累計爲TMD。

For most people, TMDs have multiple contributing factors, some of which patients may not even be aware of. Most TMDs have one of two causes, says Klasser. The first is macro trauma, something like a direct blow or injury to your jaw leading to pain. The second, more common cause is micro trauma, a repetitive strain injury that builds up over time. If you clench your jaw when you're stressed, grind your teeth in your sleep, or chew gum daily, those low-intensity behaviors can add up to a TMD, says Klasser.

對於大多數人而言,顳頜關節疾病有多個相關因素,其中有些患者甚至可能並不知道。Klasser說,顳頜關節疾病的原因大部分有兩種,第一種是宏觀創傷,比如直接的打擊或傷害導致頜部疼痛。第二種,更常見的原因是微創傷,即隨着時間的推移,反覆的應力損傷。如果你在緊張時咬緊牙關,睡覺時磨牙或每天嚼口香糖,這些低強度的行爲都可能導致顳頜關節疾病。

3. Who should I see about my jaw pain or headaches?

3. 誰可以檢查我顎部的疼痛或頭痛? 患者可能會有不同與TMD相關的症狀。一些共同的TMD症狀包括頭痛,在咀嚼時下顎肌肉痠痛,下顎出現咔噠聲或卡住,靠近關節的疼痛,頸部疼痛或僵硬向手臂傳播,頭暈,耳痛或耳塞,睡眠問題,或者張嘴容易受限。通常,一個人正在經歷的症狀會影響到他們首先與何種醫療專業人士交談。 即使您的家庭牙醫不是口腔面疼痛的專家,與他們談論您正在經歷的疼痛是一個好的開始,Klasser說。當您的牙醫詢問您口腔或健康方面的變化時,不要只考慮您的牙齒。提出頭痛、下顎疼痛和任何其他可能與TMD有關的症狀。在某些情況下,您的牙醫或家庭醫生可能會建議您看一位專家以處理TMD。

Patients may have different symptoms associated with a TMD. Some common TMD symptoms include headaches, soreness in the jaw muscles while chewing, clicking or locking of the jaw, pain near the joint, pain or stiffness in your neck spreading to your arms, dizziness, earaches or stuffiness in your ears, problems sleeping, or difficulty opening your mouth wide. Often, the symptoms a person is experiencing influences what type of healthcare professional they talk to first.

患顳頜關節疾病的患者可能有不同的症狀。一些常見的顳頜關節疾病症狀包括頭痛,咀嚼時頜部肌肉痠痛,顎骨輕彈或鎖定,靠近關節處疼痛,頸部疼痛或僵硬延伸到手臂,頭暈,耳痛或耳塞,睡眠問題或口腔張合困難。通常,一個人正在經歷的症狀會影響他們首先與哪種醫療保健專業人員交談。

Even if your family dentist isn't a specialist in orofacial pain, a conversation with them about the pain you're experiencing is a good place to start, says Klasser. When your dentist asks about changes in your mouth or health, don't just think about your teeth. Bring up headaches, jaw pain, and any other symptoms that could be connected to a TMD. In some cases, your dentist or family doctor may recommend you see a specialist to address the TMD.

即使您的家庭牙醫不是口腔面疼痛的專家,與他們談論您正在經歷的疼痛是一個很好的開始,Klasser說。當牙醫詢問您口腔或健康狀況的變化時,不要只考慮您的牙齒。提出頭痛、頜部疼痛和任何可能與顳頜關節疾病有關的症狀。在某些情況下,您的牙醫或家庭醫生可能會建議您去看專家來處理顳頜關節疾病。

4. What can patients do about TMD?

4. 關於TMD,患者可以做什麼? 通常,醫生的重點是確定疼痛的來源並對其進行治療,Klasser說。在幫助患者應對與TMD相關的疼痛時,醫生通常會建議口腔保護器和止痛藥。在其他情況下,醫生可能會建議理療和下顎鍛鍊、其他藥物或手術。另一個建議是去看治療師或行爲健康專家,以幫助管理壓力。

Typically, doctors focus on identifying the source of the pain and treating it, Klasser says. When helping patients navigate pain associated with TMDs, doctors will often recommend a mouth guard and pain medicine. In other cases, doctors may suggest physical therapy and jaw exercises, other medications, or surgery. Another recommendation may be to see a therapist or behavioral health expert to help manage stress.

通常,醫生會專注於確定疼痛的來源並進行治療,Klasser說。在幫助患者應對與顳頜關節疾病相關的疼痛時,醫生通常會建議使用牙套和止痛藥。在其他情況下,醫生可能會建議進行物理療法和頜部鍛鍊、其他藥物或手術。另一個建議可能是去看治療師或行爲健康專家幫助管理壓力。

5. Which mouthguard is best for most patients?

5. 對於大多數患者來說,哪種口腔保護器是最好的? 口腔保護器的選擇幾乎像衣服選擇一樣,Klasser說。可以量身定製適合您的規格和規格的衣服。或者您可以購買現成的衣服,它可能不會完全適合。在某些情況下,不適合的衣服實際上會使TMD的疼痛更加嚴重。這就是爲什麼許多牙醫推薦量身定製的口腔保護器。但是您不必從一開始就開始購買價值不菲的產品——僅適合並且舒適的簡單塑料器具就足以解決問題。

Mouthguard options are almost like clothing options, says Klasser. You can get a suit tailored to your exact sizing and specifications. Or you can buy one off the rack, which probably won't fit quite as well. In some cases, the poor fit can actually make TMD pain worse. That's why many dentists recommend a custom mouthguard. But you don't have to start with anything fancy – a simple plastic device that fits well and is comfortable will do the trick.

牙套選擇幾乎就像衣服選擇一樣,Klasser說。你可以量身定做一套符合你尺寸和規格的西裝。或者你可以買一件現成的,在某些情況下,糟糕的貼合實際上會使顳頜關節疼痛加重。這就是爲什麼許多牙醫建議使用定製的牙套。但您不必從精緻的東西開始——一款舒適合適的簡單塑料裝置就可以做到。

You can read more of Klasser's insights on TMDs in this editorial on MerckManuals.com.

您可以在MerckManuals.com上閱讀更多關於TMD的有關Klasser的見解。

About The Merck Manuals and MSD Manuals

關於MerckManuals和MSD手冊 自1899年首次作爲醫生和藥師的小型參考書出版以來,Merck手冊在大小和範圍上得到了擴大,成爲世界上最廣泛使用的綜合性醫學資源之一,供醫療專業人員和消費者使用。隨着手冊的發展,它不斷擴展其提供的內容範圍和深度,以反映提供最佳醫學信息給廣泛用戶的任務,包括醫療專業人員和學生、獸醫和獸醫學生以及消費者。2015年,手冊啓動了全球醫學知識2020計劃,目標是在2020年前讓最佳的醫學信息可供30億專業人士和患者在全球近250個國家使用。手冊實現了這一目標,如今它的醫學信息可在14種語言中的近250個國家獲得。通過擴大增加資源、教育和創造新的可靠醫學資源等方式,它繼續着其雄心勃勃的任務。訪問MerckManuals.com或MSDManuals.com了解成千上萬的帶有圖像、視頻和不斷增加的資源的醫學話題,並通過社交媒體與我們聯繫:美國及其屬地消費者:X(前Twitter)、Facebook;美國及其屬地專業人員:X(前Twitter)、Facebook。

First published in 1899 as a small reference book for physicians and pharmacists, The Merck Manual grew in size and scope to become one of the world's most widely used comprehensive medical resources for professionals and consumers. As The Manual evolved, it continually expanded the reach and depth of its offerings to reflect the mission of providing the best medical information to a wide cross-section of users, including medical professionals and students, veterinarians and veterinary students, and consumers. In 2015, The Manuals kicked off Global Medical Knowledge 2020, a global initiative with the goal to make the best current medical information accessible by up to three billion professionals and patients around the world by 2020. The Manuals achieved that goal, and today its medical information is available in nearly 250 countries and in 14 languages. It's continuing its ambitious mission through outreach, education and creating new reliable medical resources. For access to thousands of medical topics with images, videos and a constantly expanding set of resources, visit MerckManuals.com or MSDManuals.com and connect with us on social media: For Consumers in the U.S. and its territories: X (formerly Twitter) and Facebook. For Professionals in the U.S. and its territories: X (formerly Twitter) and Facebook

《默克手冊》最初是1899年作爲爲醫生和藥劑師提供的小型參考書而出版的,隨着時間的推移,它不斷擴大自己的範圍和深度,成爲全球專業人士和消費者廣泛使用的綜合醫學資源之一。隨着手冊的發展,它不斷擴大了自己的覆蓋範圍和深度,以反映提供最佳醫學信息的使命,覆蓋的用戶範圍包括醫務專業人員和學生、獸醫和獸醫學生以及消費者。2015年,《默克手冊》啓動了全球醫學知識2020行動計劃,目標是在2020年前使最好的當前醫學信息可以被約30億全球專業人士和患者獲得。《默克手冊》成功實現了這一目標,今天它的醫學信息在近250個國家和地區以14種語言發佈。《默克手冊》通過外展、教育和創建新的可靠醫療資源來繼續實現其雄心勃勃的使命。要了解成千上萬的帶有圖像、視頻和不斷擴大的資源的醫學主題,可以訪問MerckManuals.com或MSDManuals.com,並在社交媒體上關注我們:美國及其領土的消費者:X(前Twitter)和Facebook。美國及其領土的專業人士:X(前Twitter)和Facebook

About Merck

關於Merck 在美國和加拿大以外被稱爲MSD的Merck,我們的使命是利用領先的科學力量,挽救和改善全球各地生命。超過130年來,我們通過開發重要的藥物和疫苗爲人類帶來希望。我們渴望成爲全球首屈一指的研究型生物製藥公司,並且今天我們處於通過研究交付創新的健康解決方案的研究前沿,以推進預防和治療人和動物的疾病。我們促進多元包容的全球勞動人口,每天以負責任的方式運作,爲所有人和社區創造一個安全、可持續和健康的未來。了解更多信息,請訪問網站並通過X (前Twitter)、Facebook、Instagram、YouTube和LinkedIn與我們聯繫。

At Merck, known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, we are unified around our purpose: We use the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. For more than 130 years, we have brought hope to humanity through the development of important medicines and vaccines. We aspire to be the premier research-intensive biopharmaceutical company in the world – and today, we are at the forefront of research to deliver innovative health solutions that advance the prevention and treatment of diseases in people and animals. We foster a diverse and inclusive global workforce and operate responsibly every day to enable a safe, sustainable and healthy future for all people and communities. For more information, visit and connect with us on X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and LinkedIn.

在默沙東(即美國及加拿大以外地區的MSD),我們的目標是使用領先科學的力量來拯救和改善全球人民的生活。130多年來,通過開發重要藥物和疫苗,我們給人類帶來了希望。我們渴望成爲世界上首屈一指的研究型生物製藥公司,今天,我們處於研究創新的前沿,以推進預防和治療人類和動物疾病的創新健康解決方案。我們培養多樣化和包容性的全球員工隊伍,並每天負責任地運營,爲所有人和社區創造一個安全、可持續和健康的未來。要了解更多信息,請訪問並在X(前Twitter)、Facebook、Instagram、YouTube和LinkedIn上關注我們。

SOURCE The Merck Manuals

來源:Merck手冊

譯文內容由第三人軟體翻譯。


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