Participants

Jason Wilk; Chief Executive Officer, Co-Founder; Dave Inc

Kyle Beilman; Chief Financial Officer; Dave Inc

Devin Ryan; Analyst; JMP Securities

Gary prestopino; Analyst; Barrington Research

Zachary Gunn; Analyst; FT partners

Presentation

Operator

Good morning, everyone, and thank you for participating in today's conference call to discuss Dave's financial results for the first quarter ended March 31st, 2024. Joining us today are Dave CEO; Mr. Jason Wilk, and the company's CFO, Mr. Kyle Beilman.
By now everyone should have access to the first quarter 2024 earnings press release, which was issued earlier today. Release is available at the Investor Relations section of today's website dot eight.com. In addition, this call will also be available for webcast replay on the company's website. Following management's remarks, we'll open the call to your questions.
Certain comments made on this conference call and webcast are considered forward-looking statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain known and unknown risks and uncertainties as well as assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in these forward-looking statements.
These forward-looking statements are also subject to other risks and uncertainties that are described from time to time in the Company's filings with the SEC do not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which are being made only as of the date of this call. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to any forward-looking statements.
The company's presentation also includes certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted EBITDA, some supplemental measurements of performance of our business all non-GAAP measurements have been reconciled to the most direct directly comparable GAAP measures in accordance with the SEC rules. You'll find reconciliation charts and other important information in the earnings press release Form 8-K furnished by the SEC.
I would now like to turn the call over to Dave CEO, Mr. Jason Wilk. Please go ahead.

Jason Wilk

Thank you and good morning, everyone. Dave strong business performance from last year continued into 2024 as we exceeded our growth and profitability targets in the first quarter, revenue grew by 25% year-over-year. Our second consecutive quarter of accelerating revenue growth and our operating expenses declined on a year-over-year basis for the fourth consecutive quarter as we continue to lean into the operating leverage inherent in our business model.
As a result, we posted our second consecutive quarter of profitability, generating $13.2 million of adjusted EBITDA in the first quarter, representing a nearly $18 million improvements relative to Q1 of last year and a 32% improvement sequentially.
As a result, we have raised our adjusted EBITDA guidance for 2024 to reflect these outstanding results as we further expand our multi transacting member base beyond the $2.1 million member inflection point at which we achieved profitability in 4Q of last year.
We are one of the pioneers in leveraging AI and machine learning techniques within financial services, harnessing the power of AI as an additional source of operating leverage across the business with our internally developed cash, AI underwriting engine and our AI-enabled chatbot called DGPG.
Cash. I underwrites our members cash flow data as we're able to detect income and spending patterns as well as employment signals at a granular level, extra cash is short duration lends itself to cash flow underwriting as we have originated nearly $100 million extra cash advances and since inception with steadily improving loss rates, providing a tremendous opportunity for cash uses machine learning to continually optimize.
We believe cash is time-tested and data rich ability to underwrite effectively through multiple economic cycles creates a powerful [moat] that continues to distinguish day from new and existing competitors. With cash, we've demonstrated our ability to consistently grow origination volume while improving loss rates further validating our ability to continue to scale while creating more opportunities for member value and improve monetization moving forward.
Meanwhile, Dave GPT. has helped us reduce member success related costs, while increasing member satisfaction and supporting member retention, which is a win-win for our members and for our cost structure.
In the first quarter of 2024, we extended our live chat hours of operation based on the strong resolution rates we have been achieving with JVPT. This increased the mix of member contacts that we are handling through the highly cost effective DGPT, platform, while contributing to a 14% sequential increase in our member success net promoter scores in the quarter.
Overall, we are continuing to invest deeply in AI as part of our strategy to maximize efficiency, generate operating leverage and further differentiate ourselves in the marketplace with that said, I'd now like to provide more detail on the first quarter and our continued progress on Dave growth strategy of acquiring new members efficiently engaging them effectively with interest rate credit via extra cash and deepening our relationship with them via Dave Karp BANKING engagements.
We continue to focus on acquiring members efficiently as one of our key competitive differentiators. We've made considerable progress, strengthening new member conversion as well as existing member retention and reactivation over the past year, which is translating into greater lifetime value of our members.
Given that our cash remained highly efficient in the first quarter of $16, which is consistent with the level we achieved in the year ago period. So, returns on our marketing investments, banding alongside member lifetime value.
Relative to the prior quarter, our cash rose by $1 as a result of seasonally softer demand for extra cash as tax refunds often support the liquidity needs of our member base. During the first quarter being an election year, we are keeping a watchful eye on potential election impacts on our tax.
So, we have not experienced any thus far. The member acquisition environment has remained very constructive thus far in Q2 and we remain optimistic about our ability to drive efficient member growth moving forward. That said, we will continue to exercise discipline as November approaches as we remain committed to our goal of ensuring our return hurdles are met with the marketing dollars we deployed.
Second pillar of our growth strategy is driving greater MTM engagement through the extra cash product as a starting point for the member journey. Our multi transacting member base continues to grow, with MTMs up 14% year-over-year and 6% sequentially to a record $2.2 million.
This growth was favorably impacted by the meaningful progress we've made strengthening member retention and reactivation as well as the successful implementation of our next-generation subscription billing system, which has helped to enhance subscriber retention. It is expected to enable to expand subscription opportunities in the future.
For the second consecutive quarter, we dispersed over $1 billion in extra cash advances to our members increasing originations, 32% year-over-year and 2% sequentially. This sustained growth, particularly during a seasonally softer quarter, is a testament to the strength of our proprietary cash a underwriting model, which allows us to effectively underwrite more Dave members for higher extra cash event sizes while improving upon credit performance.
Our 28-day delinquency rate remained significantly below Q1 2023 at 1.83%, a 77-basis point improvement year-over-year this extends our track record of improving our already stellar credit performance, differentiate ourselves from incumbents.
As mentioned on prior calls, we remain focused on investments in our cash and our underwriting model to expand credit access for our members as we aim to scale the member base while continuing to improve our ability to evaluate credit risk credit performance in the first quarter, benefits from the additional liquidity, which tax refunds provided to our members as a result of that dynamic.
We expect our 28-day delinquency rate to normalize through the rest of the year, consistent with historical patterns, still well below 2023 levels on a linked-quarter basis attributable to the sustained improvements we've made to the risk management.
Lastly, under the third pillar of our guiding framework, deepening member relationships by driving top of wallet spending through our data card offering. Our approach has been to leverage extra cash to drive cross attach of the Dave part by making the extra cash funds available more quickly and inexpensively incentive the daypart. These products are naturally complementary, which we expect to more fully leverage going forward by making members' experiences on either product even better when they use both products.
Our strategy is proving effective with cross attach rates up approximately 10% on a year-over-year basis. This is an efficient way for us to drive trial with a data card and an important step in building the trust required to win direct deposit relationships.
Direct deposit relationships are notably impactful. Given the five to six X transaction revenue RPU increase, we typically capture once a direct deposit relationship has been established. We're still in the early innings of winning direct deposit and top award spending behavior with our members, which is a strategic focus for us in 2024.
Overall, our Dave card continues to gain traction with spending volume in the first quarter, up 34% year-over-year and 7% sequentially to a record $394 million average transaction per MTM posted 15% year-over-year increase based on our continued focus on driving members to spend the extra cash on the daypart as well as improvements in extra cash engagements.
This metric declined on a sequential basis due to the full quarter impact of days new subscription billing system, which caused a higher proportion subscriber only MTN who transact one time per month. We believe there is plenty of room to continue growing this metric as we begin capitalizing on the opportunity to incentivize direct deposit engagement.
Pulling together the progress we've made across extra cash, the current subscriptions, we recorded a 10% increase in RPU in Q1 on a year-over-year basis due to improvements in both extra cash engagement and monetization as well as growth in Descartes RPU. Rpu declined 5% sequentially in Q1 due to seasonally lower demand for extra cash during tax refund season as well as a full quarter impact under the new subscription billing system, which increased the mix of subscriber only MTMs who typically generate the lowest RPU.
To wrap things up before I pass it over to Kyle, our outlook remains very positive. Our strategy and value proposition are squarely aligned with the needs of target customers and the macro backdrop remains supportive of our growth.
Our team is executing well, and I'm proud of the great work that we're delivering. We remain focused on identifying and executing on product improvements to expand member RPU and lifetime value as well as continuing to grow our monthly transacting member base.
Beyond the 2.1-million-member inflection point at which we achieve profitability, we plan to do this while remaining disciplined with our costs and utilizing our world-class technology, including the use of AI to deliver substantial operating leverage, we look forward to further delivering value to our customers and shareholders as we solidify Dave as a superior banking solution for everyday Americans.
With that, I will turn the call over to Karl to take you through our financial results.
Kyle.

Kyle Beilman

Thank you and good morning, everyone. As Jason mentioned, our first quarter results represent new records across many of our key metrics. Our business continued to demonstrate significant operating leverage by driving higher revenue, largely through expanded RPU and member retention. We've also improved our cost structure through efficient marketing spend, strong credit performance and the optimization of our variable and fixed costs now to dive a little deeper into our results.
Revenue in Q1 was $73.6 million, up 25% from Q1 of last year. This revenue growth was driven by the 14% increase in MTM.s and a 10% increase in RPO. The MNTM. growth was driven by the continued efficiency of our member acquisition strategy. In addition to improvements in member retention and reactivation, we achieved that led to strong existing member engagement increases in extra cash engagement and growth in debit card spend led to the uplift in RPO.
Non-GAAP variable profit in Q1 increased 47% to $49.9 million, representing a 68% margin relative to our GAAP revenue up approximately 1,000 basis points from Q1 of last year. I would like to note that we revised our variable margin calculation to reflect non-GAAP variable profit as a percentage of GAAP revenue in prior disclosures, variable margin reflected non-GAAP variable profit as a percentage of non-GAAP revenue.
We made this change to align with the basis upon which our revenue guidance is predicated with respect to the improvement we experienced on variable margin. The sustained increase into 2024 was driven largely by the continued optimization of our cash and a underwriting engine, which has injected the credit performance of nearly $100 million unique extra cash advances originated since our inception.
We believe this provides us with a significant competitive advantage in evaluating credit risk the resulting improvement in credit loss experience has allowed us to reduce loss rates while increasing the revenue we can generate per extra cash advance additionally, our variable margin performance in Q1 was bolstered by our 2023 focus on vendor stack efficiency as we further optimized our usage of the payment networks and renegotiated contracts with several key vendors.
Moving to first quarter operating expenses, our provision for credit losses decreased 18% to $9.9 million compared to $12 million in Q1 of last year as a percentage of extra cash originations, the provision declined to 0.9% in the first quarter compared to 1.5% in the year ago period. This decrease in loss provision relates to the ongoing underwriting improvements we've made to cash AI,
As, Jason, mentioned, compared to the first quarter of last year, our 28-day delinquency rate improved by 77 basis points to 1.83%, which represents a 30% improvement while we grew originations by 32% year-over-year to over $1 billion for the second consecutive quarter.
Going forward, we anticipate provision expenses will increase consistent with historical patterns as we expect to grow originations and as seasonal dynamics normalize but for the avoidance of doubt, we expect our provision for credit losses for the remainder of the year to remain lower than 2023 levels, consistent with the improvements in credit performance we've been experiencing processing and servicing costs during the first quarter were $7.7 million compared to $7.1 million in the year ago period, representing 8% year-over-year growth.
While we grew revenue by 25% over the same period as a percentage of origination, volume, processing and servicing costs improved nearly 20 basis points to 0.7% compared to 0.9% in the year ago period this improvement was largely driven by the structural improvements we've made to our payment's infrastructure from late 2022 through the middle of 2023. We expect to sustain these improvements going forward and realize modest scale synergies as we can continue to grow the business.
Advertising and marketing expenses decreased 3% to $9.1 million during the first quarter compared to $9.4 million in the year ago period as we were able to achieve our MTM growth targets at lower levels of acquisition and spend.
As Jason mentioned, our tack of $16 in the first quarter remains highly efficient and was in line with the CapEx we achieved in a year ago period, we expect marketing investment over the coming quarters to expand in order to capitalize on the higher levels of demand for extra cash as we emerge from the seasonally slower first quarter, we believe we can achieve higher returns on investment and greater scale throughout the remainder of the year.
Compensation expense was $24.6 million in the first quarter compared to $24.4 million in the year ago period as a percentage of revenue, compensation expense declined from 41% in Q1 of 2023 to 33% in Q1 of 2024, demonstrating the significant operating leverage benefits that our technology platform affords us the benefits of which will continue to compound as we scale from here, as Jason alluded to, AI plays a major role in how we're able to consistently grow our revenue base while keeping compensation expenses largely flat since mid 2022.
We believe cash AI is a highly scalable system such that we can scale extra cash originations exponentially without the need to make significant additions to our credit team within member success we're able to service millions of members with an efficiently sized team.
Thanks in large part to Dave GPT. Finally, we have integrated AI based tools within our engineering team which has enhanced the productivity of our engineers and allowed us to grow that function only modestly over the last two years. While we have grown the broader business significantly,
Other operating expenses decreased 9% to $16.9 million in the first quarter compared to $18.5 million in the year ago period. This improvement was largely based on our ability to execute on cost rationalization opportunities with our fixed cost base.
In addition to the benefits of a key vendor contract renegotiation, which occurred in the fourth quarter of 2023 GAAP net income for the first quarter improved to $34.2 million compared to a GAAP net loss of $14 million in the first quarter of 2023.
We have also started disclosing adjusted net income or loss, which adjusts our GAAP net income or loss for stock-based compensation, changes in fair value of certain non-cash liabilities as well as any one-time gains and or losses such as a $33 million gain on the discounted repurchase of the FTX. convertible note during the first quarter.
With that context, adjusted net income for the first quarter of 2024 was $8.1 million compared to an adjusted net loss of $7.3 million in the first quarter of 2023. Adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter of 2024 was $13.2 million compared to an adjusted EBITDA loss of $4.5 million during the year ago period.
This improvement was once again due to a combination of revenue growth and variable margin expansion, rationalized marketing spend and tight cost controls across the business we're very proud that we have expanded our adjusted EBITDA profitability for the second consecutive quarter and grown it by 32% sequentially.
We expect to continue growing adjusted EBITDA over time, albeit not on a linear trajectory as among other factors, we optimize marketing investment levels on an ongoing basis based on the efficiency of our tests and the overall expected return profile of that spend.
Now turning to the balance sheet as of March 31st, 2024, we had approximately $101.5 million of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities investments and restricted cash compared to $157.3 million at December 31st, 2023.
The decrease in cash was driven by the repurchase of the $71 million convertible note issued to FTX. ventures. Excluding the impact of this note repurchase transaction, our cash position increased during the first quarter of 2024.
As at quarter end, our net receivables balance was $104.9 million, a decrease of approximately $7.9 million sequentially it's important to think about this net receivables balance relative to over $1 billion of origination volume during Q1, as we believe this underscores our ability to grow extra cash originations in a capital-efficient manner. Given the short duration and high velocity of the portfolio,
The amount drawn on our credit facility remained at $75 million as of the end of Q1 as we continue to rely on our balance sheet cash during the first quarter to fund extra cash originations growth versus our credit facility, given the cost of capital difference compared to the returns on corporate cash.
Overall, we believe we have ample liquidity to execute our growth plan moving forward, and we continue to believe that Dave is well positioned to achieve profitability objectives we have laid out without the need to raise additional equity capital.
Now turning to guidance, we continue to expect full year 2024 revenue to range between $305 million and $325 million dollars, representing growth of 18% to 25% compared to full year 2023 as a reminder, we are now providing our revenue guidance on a GAAP basis rather than the non-GAAP revenue basis to which we had guided in prior years.
We have raised our 2024 adjusted EBITDA guidance to a range between $30 million to $40 million, representing a $40 million to $50 million improvement compared to 2023. We continue to expect our adjusted EBITDA to remain positive on a quarterly basis. Going forward, though the growth may not be linear, as I mentioned.
Finally, we expect to make modest and carefully calibrated investments in product development and data capabilities throughout the rest of 2024, which will further position us for long-term growth in the years ahead.
Overall, our outlook remains positive, and we are well positioned to execute on our growth plan and objectives throughout the main remainder of 2024 and beyond and with that, I'll now hand it back over to Jason to conclude our call for the first quarter was a great start to the year for a company.

Jason Wilk

Our team has done a fantastic job to get us here and look forward to continuing our momentum throughout 2024. Operator, we can now open the call for questions.

Question and Answer Session

Operator

(Operator Instructions)
And our first question comes from the line of Devin Ryan from JMP Securities. Your question, please.

Devin Ryan

Great. Good morning, Jason and Kyle How are you doing?

Jason Wilk

Well, Devin, good morning.

Devin Ryan

Morning, So, first question here on originations. Obviously, as you guys highlighted, they grew modestly despite kind of normal seasonal dynamics. So I'm curious, was there just not seasonality in the industry because of the market backdrop? Or would you kind of characterize that as more of a Dave specific dynamic either because of higher average advances or adding members or other efforts to drive engagement? And then also just curious, because you kind of grew through normal seasonality. What does that suggest for kind of a normal, maybe seasonal rebound into the second quarter?

Jason Wilk

Thanks. I'm happy to take the first part of the question. So, Devin, I think it's a little bit of both. We've done a lot of great work on optimizing their cash AI engine to optimize for higher advanced payments for our customers, which is increasing engagement.
But I also think that there is a tougher macro backdrop going on with things like credit cards and personal loans still tightening their belt on credit originations, which leads to more volume on extra cash. I think that helped us beat some of the season and seasonality dynamics.

Kyle Beilman

Yes, just to jump in and add to that, I think to Jason's point, a lot of the improvements that we continue to make to extra cash and cash AI is really augmented customer retention and reengagement opportunities with our existing non transacting MTMs for us to gotten kind of reacquire into engaged MTM.s.
And so that just bolster the overall and the performance of the book on but I say it from a macro standpoint or an industry-wide standpoint, we did see relatively consistent performance in terms of total cash refund inflows into the customer accounts, which just leads me to believe that it was more I think what we were doing on our end to drive reengagement than something it has changed dramatically in the macro.

Devin Ryan

Got it. Okay. I appreciate the color, guys. And then I'm another one here. Just on origination. So continuing to see the average size tick up a bit and did again from the prior quarter to $159 transaction. I know this has been a focus of the firm, so good to see that, where do you see that going over time, assuming a reasonable backdrop continues? and then kind of how should we think about the interplay with that and revenue per advance? Neil, or credit as well? And then also how important are higher advances, higher advances to your kind of your differentiation story for your customers?

Jason Wilk

I think part of that has to do with just time on books. So, the longer customers retain the engine gets better. So, naturally, as retention improves, we can see advancements continue to scale up over time.
So, I'd expect that number to keep growing as we do a better job with the with the cash engine as well as keeping the retention continue to improve the retention.
In terms of monetization Devin, we expect to continue to grow monetization as we increased the average of the origination size, which is just overall kind of accretive to RPU. So it is a focus of ours to kind of pull people up the limit curve as we just.
Yes, to Jason's point, there's or there's a benefit of time on book, but there's also just better risk splitting opportunities that we have within the portfolio to fund that on your optimal amount to get to each customer and ensuring that we're providing the most value through the product that we can by kind of pulling people up the limit spectrum and there is monetization benefits to that for the company.
So, yeah, it is a focus of ours. We expect that number to continue to grow throughout the year based on a number of initiatives that we have within that part of the business. So and we yes, we would expect that to kind of increase as we move forward from here.

Devin Ryan

Kevin, just to highlight, we changed the monetization to present based pricing last year. So, the scale does work well, as we scaled origination amounts that should lead to increased monetization to just further the point from?

Kyle Beilman

Yeah, exactly. Okay. Thank you, if I can just ask another one here on spend. So obviously another nice quarter of volume growth, I think up 7% from last quarter, up 34% year-over-year. I'd love to just get a little bit more flavor around expectations to continue to drive customer engagement, spend activity, kind of what specifically you're doing in the strategy. And Jason, I know you also alluded to kind of some strategies to drive more direct deposit usage. So just love to kind of hear more broadly about that. Thanks,

Jason Wilk

Sure. So right now, we're really not doing too much. I would say it's mostly just customer messaging about the benefits of banking with Dave highlighting no overdraft fees, no minimum balance fees from an incentive perspective, all we're really doing at this point is offering customers a slight discount on their instant transfer fee for the advance of they send it to the date card, which does lead to a pretty meaningful engagement. And as noted that cross attach is up 10%.
So, we'll continue to lead in there. But we are excited to start looking at different ways to incentivize customers to set up direct deposit we know the RPU is worth five to six X, we can convert somebody. And so we're certainly not leaning in there. There are enough we'll be testing some various strategies here in Q2 and leaning in further in Q3 to see what the sort of upper bound of opportunity lies within extra cash to sort of direct deposit cross attach.

Devin Ryan

Got it. Okay. I will leave it there and let someone else ask, but I appreciate it guys.

Jason Wilk

Thanks for that.

Operator

Gary prestopino from Barrington Research.

Gary prestopino

Good, morning all a couple of questions here from. First of all, Jason, you talked about, and I couldn't write it down for us, not talking about some changes, too, the subscriber model in terms of I think maybe I'm reading into this, but what you are charging per month. I mean, could you go into that a little bit more and how those changes now played out in the quarter?

Jason Wilk

There was no actual change and good morning, Gray. There was no actual change to the price. It is still $1. We are looking at various price points to test drive Q2 and Q. three in the three to $5 price point range, but nothing that we've solidified. It's not something that's in our financial model today.
The subscription billing optimization we talked about as more of a new billing platform which got the system in a position to be able to test new price points. So, that's really what we highlighted in the call. It has nothing to do with new additional monetization.

Kyle Beilman

Gary, I think there, just to add to that, the important dynamic to call out that we touched on in the in our notes was just that we had an increase in subscriber only MTMs in the quarter, which is just, I think, a reflection of the benefits of the new billing system that we rolled out.
So that's that was the dynamic that we wanted to kind of expand upon in the notes, like I said,

Gary prestopino

Okay, on the quarterly delinquency rate on down fairly dramatically year-over-year and sequentially because it isn't your feeling? I know you've got this great model and all that. But is it your feeling that as you are proliferating more in the market and getting more positive on a press or whatever that you are starting to drive a little bit stronger, socioeconomic kind of individual to the day of platform?

Jason Wilk

I would say as we expand our set of channels from marketing we are seeing a broader consumer and tend to tick up in age as we look at channels like television and but ultimately, I would I would look at the delinquency performance improvement, really just as a testament to the extra cash AI engine, which is all AI driven and is continuously looking at the previous performance of the book and looking at the real-time events we have on the customer, most notably real-time access to their checking account data, which we know their income and sort of employment status.

Kyle Beilman

And also I'd add to that real quick, Gary and Jason touched on the time on book dynamic as we've increased the our retention rate of our customer base over time on the average tenure of origination has also gone up, which leads to a better performance on the delinquency rates because as you can expect, the longer that someone's with the company or the customer, the better performance that we see on the credit side. So, and we expect that to also just further support that performance moving forward as retention continues to improve.

Gary prestopino

And I mean do you have a metric you can share with us on a recurring extra cash on?

Kyle Beilman

We have not called that out explicitly, but the number of existing customer repeat originations in a given month or quarter is in excess of 95%.

Gary prestopino

Okay. That's a good step on what else could I wanted to ask here? Oh, yeah, you said the attach rates on the Dave card with the extra cash are about 10 grew 10%. I think when we first started talking you were at about 30% of extra cash advances on the date card, where are you now?

Kyle Beilman

Pretty consistent. Gary, it's right around the 30% of originations get sent to the Descartes and about 50% of new customers are trialing that Dave card with a with an extra cash origination within their first couple of months as a customer,

Gary prestopino

Okay, and then just lastly, I want to get ahead of the skis here. But you too often we talk about the fact that 20% adjusted EBITDA margin was a target of the company. It looks like you're at 17.6% this quarter and really in the early stages of your of your lifespan here on it, any changes to that potential target there, given what how well you are performing?

Kyle Beilman

And Gary, I don't recall putting a specific long-term EBITDA target out there for the company certainly not something that we've established as part of our outlook on. I certainly I don't want to comment too much on that 20% day. I think there's just a ton of operating leverage built into the business model that as we continue to grow yes, that there's a significant margin potential here that is, I would say, in well well in excess of 20% or that's not something that we've discussed as a management team as part of our disclosures.

Gary prestopino

Okay. Thank you.

Operator

(Operator Instructions)
Zachary Gunn from FT partners.
And our next question comes from the line of Zachary Gunn from FT partners. Your question, please.

Zachary Gunn

Hi there, and thanks for taking my question. I guess is on the deck that you've fully rolled out the percentage based fee structure to our numbers in 4Q. I know that's a change from the previous period dollar fuel fee structure. We're just curious if you're seeing kind of any headwinds and larger origination sides. Is there any changes in consumer behavior with that? Any commentary there would be great.

Jason Wilk

Thank you for joining the call and Zachary, appreciate I appreciate it on. But look, I think that nothing really to speak of there. It's been a positive change for us from a monetization standpoint. That just brings more consistency to the monetization as we scale up origination sizes.
And we've seen customers respond well. And what we like about the model is that it just really incentivizes us and aligns us with our customers to be able to pull them up the limit curve and kind of it provides the right incentives to for us to continue to do that on so yes, it's been it has been a positive change.

Kyle Beilman

Yes, I would just add that the customer is less price-sensitive and more credit responsive. And so that as Carl mentioned, the process-based pricing has allowed us to better scale the limit for the members. So, it's been a good business, member value exchange.

Zachary Gunn

Got it. that makes sense and then just as a follow-up on you mentioned improved credit performance. And I get that there's some benefit in the quarter from tax refunds and seasonality. But can you maybe just give us some commentary on the credit box. Are you holding at the same? I know there's comments about the macro being challenging, sort of anything in terms of what you're seeing with the credit box right now.

Kyle Beilman

So I think Q1 performance is really just demonstrative of the continuous improvements that we've made to our underwriting system over time. We've originated extra cash nearly $100 million times to date. And so that's just a significant amount of performance data for us to continue to refine our models.
And so that just allows us to have a better risk split between the portfolio, find new ways to segment customers to, again sort of align the right amount or the right offer with the right risk profile of our customer base.
So on, yes, we're continuing to feel very good about the performance there and our outlook for performance for a number of reasons as we continue just refine the model as I spoke of others, the benefits of just average time on book going up over time. That's supportive of better delinquency performance.
And that's just a really important and key focus of ours to continue to drive performance out of the out of the portfolio here. So it's up, yes, we're feeling good overall about the trajectory of it. Moving into the throughout the rest of the year.

Zachary Gunn

So, listen, thanks so much for that.
Great day.

Operator

And our next question is a follow-up question from Devin Ryan from JMP Securities. Your question, please?

Devin Ryan

Yeah, thanks, guys, for taking a follow-up here on. So just one on marketing, and you've heard obviously the commentary you'll look to ramp that a little bit and we can back into some overall expense numbers just based on the revenue and EBITDA guide.
But just how should we thinking about that? Is that going to come through in the way of promotions or kind of targeted ad placements and then how do you guys because you guys have been obviously running pretty lean here over the last year and done a great job on getting to the very strongly positive adjusted EBITDA and even GAAP profitability recently?
But how much can you really lean in on marketing, if you want to turn that back on where you can really benefit? And from that investment, how should we think about the return on investment before you start to hit maybe diminishing returns? And I ask the question, obviously, because we look at your CACLTV. performance and it would seem support more marketing that you can get the benefit off of that So just love to hear a little bit more about that components of it. Where does that come from?
And then how you're thinking about it more broadly, traditionally, you want me to take that?

Kyle Beilman

So, Devin, like, as we mentioned in the notes, we expect to ramp marketing spend throughout the remainder of the year as we come out of the seasonally softer period in Q1 with tax refunds and I'd say the overwhelming majority of that spend will come in the form of top of funnel marketing spend across our key channels where we have very effective tracking in place to manage the efficiency of that spend.
We do expect that to be a growth catalyst for us moving through the rest of the year on our returns are very solid. We look at things on a kind of a gross profit based a payback period. Our payback periods are sub six months at this point.
And so it is an opportunity for us to lean into more spend there to drive value creation through that investment. That's how we think about marketing is through the lens of and investment not and that's not an expense necessarily and we kind of evaluate it based on the return profiles of those investments. So, we do expect like I said the ramp things up here on moving into Q2 and through the remainder of the year, but certainly on yes, to do it in a disciplined way to drive returns.

Devin Ryan

Got it. Okay. Thanks for the color. Appreciate it.

Operator

Thank you. This does conclude the question-and-answer session as well as today's program. Everyone have a great day. You may now disconnect.