How To Trade Penny Stocks: A Beginner’s Guide
How To Trade Penny Stocks: A Beginner’s Guide
Penny stocks can be the "stuff of legend" when they perform well. If you look at the history of cheap stocks, you'll likely find countless names that produced massive gains for investors. Some companies have even become market leaders competing with the likes of Pfizer (NYSE: PFE) and Moderna (NASDAQ: MRNA). This was the case with shares of a little-known biotech working on a treatment for influenza at the end of 2019.
当细价股表现良好时，它们可能会成为“传奇人物”。如果你回顾一下廉价股票的历史，你可能会发现无数为投资者带来巨大收益的公司。一些公司甚至成为市场领导者，与辉瑞(NYSE：PFE)和Moderna(纳斯达克：MRNA)等公司竞争。2019年底，一家鲜为人知的生物技术公司的股票就是这种情况。该公司正在研究一种治疗流感的方法。
The 2020 pandemic shifted its fate, and Novavax (NASDAQ: NVAX) grew to become one of the top penny stocks in the last five years. If you were a reader back then, you would have seen NVAX stock trading under $4 and ultimately ran to highs of $331.68 within a year's time. It has been 8,100%+ moves like that, which have remained an attractive proposition for traders looking to leverage their money.
2020年的大流行改变了它的命运，诺华(纳斯达克：NVAX)成长为最大的细价股在过去的五年里。如果你是当时的读者，你会看到NVAX的股票交易价格低于4美元，并最终在一年内涨至331.68美元的高点。这样的波动已经超过8100%，对于希望利用资金进行杠杆操作的交易员来说，这仍然是一个有吸引力的提议。
What Are Penny Stocks
什么是细价股
The definition of penny stocks includes stocks to buy under $5. Popular opinion likens all penny stocks to Over-The-Counter start-ups. However, there are plenty of NYSE and NASDAQ penny stocks to buy. The term "penny stocks" shouldn't be confused with "small-cap stocks" either. The "cap" in this term refers to the market capitalization of the underlying companies. In the article Are Penny Stocks Good For Beginners? [Answered], we shed some light on this topic.
这个细价股的定义包括5美元以下的股票。流行的观点将所有的廉价股比作场外初创公司。不过，有大量纽约证交所和纳斯达克的细价股可供买入。“细价股”一词也不应与“小盘股”混淆。这个术语中的“市值”是指标的公司的市值。在文章中便士股票对初学者有好处吗？[回答]，我们在这个话题上做了一些解释。
Generally speaking, market caps or "market capitalizations" are divided into different segments. None of these segments have anything to do with price being the defining factor:
一般而言，市值或“市值”分为不同的部分。这些细分市场都与价格是决定性因素无关：
- Mega-cap stocks: These are companies with market capitalizations above $200 billion. Apple, Amazon (NASDAQ: AMZN), Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA), etc., fall into this category.
- Large-cap stocks: Companies with market capitalizations of $10 billion – $200 billion.
- Mid-cap stocks: Companies with market capitalizations of $2 billion – $10 billion.
- Small-cap stocks: Companies with market capitalizations of $300 million to $2 billion.
- Micro-cap stocks: Companies with market capitalizations of $50 million to $300 million.
- Nano-cap stocks: Companies with market capitalizations below $50 million.
- 巨型股：这些都是市值超过2000亿美元的公司。苹果、亚马逊(纳斯达克：AMZN)、特斯拉(纳斯达克代码:TSLA)等都属于这一类。
- 大盘股：市值在100亿至2000亿美元之间的公司。
- 中型股：市值在20亿至100亿美元之间的公司。
- 小盘股：市值在3亿至20亿美元之间的公司。
- 小盘股：市值在5000万至3亿美元之间的公司。
- 纳米股：市值低于5000万美元的公司。
Case in point, Banco Santander (NYSE: SAN) is the "largest" penny stock by market cap at more than $40 billion. It's a stock that can be bought for less than $3 per share. Meanwhile, you've got Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. (NASDAQ: VBFC), which trades above $50 per share but has a market cap below $80 million. Those are two very different stocks with two very different market capitalizations.
例如，桑坦德银行(纽约证券交易所股票代码：SAN)是市值超过400亿美元的“最大”便士股。这是一只每股不到3美元就能买到的股票。同时，还有村镇银行和信托金融公司(纳斯达克：VBFC)，其股价高于每股50美元，但市值低于8,000万美元。这是两只截然不同的股票，市值也截然不同。
How To Trade Penny Stocks
如何交易细价股
How do you trade penny stocks and make money? The strategies for trading stocks under $5 vary depending on the type of investor you are. It would serve you well in learning the most commonly used techniques and seeing if they can be applied to your game plan. No matter your experience level, this guide can help you understand the basic trading styles.
你如何交易细价股并赚钱？交易5美元以下股票的策略根据你是哪种投资者而有所不同。它将很好地帮助你学习最常用的技术，并看看它们是否可以应用到你的比赛计划中。无论你的经验水平如何，这本指南都可以帮助你了解基本的交易风格。
Trading penny stocks can be very lucrative, but it takes some know-how to get there. Luckily we have 4 of the most commonly used strategies for you to learn. Trying out new things is always risky – why take that chance? If you are learning how to trade penny stocks or haven't traded in the past, utilizing a trading simulator is an excellent place to start. Simulators allow you to risk fake or "paper" money instead of your own. While you won't make big bucks from winning trades, a significant loss won't negatively impact your real back account either and will allow you to learn from your mistakes.
交易细价股可能非常有利可图，但要做到这一点需要一些诀窍。幸运的是，我们有4个最常用的策略供您学习。尝试新事物总是有风险的--为什么要冒这个险？如果你正在学习如何交易细价股，或者过去没有交易过，使用交易模拟器是一个很好的起点。模拟器允许你冒假币或纸币的风险，而不是你自己的。虽然你不会从成功的交易中赚到大笔钱，但重大损失也不会对你真正的账户造成负面影响，而且会让你从错误中吸取教训。
The first place to begin is learning the different ways to play the market and how numerous trading styles can be used to profit from other moves.
首先要学习不同的市场运作方式，以及如何利用多种交易风格从其他交易中获利。
How To Trade Penny Stocks #1: Scalping
如何交易细价股#1：倒卖
Scalping is a typical trading style used by active traders. The basic idea of scalping, as the name suggests, is to execute many trades throughout each day and take profits based on rapid price changes. Think of quick small bites versus trying to invest in one big dish at once. To be successful, though, you need more than just good insight into prices; there's also timing involved. Making investments quickly before the opportunity is gone or getting out when things get too high risk is critical. Scalping isn't for everyone and should be conducted by experienced traders.
倒卖是活跃交易者使用的典型交易风格。顾名思义，倒卖的基本理念是每天执行许多交易，并根据价格的快速变化获利。想想快速小口咬一口，而不是试图一次投资一大盘。然而，要想成功，你不仅需要对价格有好的洞察力，还需要掌握时机。在机会消失之前迅速进行投资，或者在风险太高时退出，这一点至关重要。倒卖并不适合每个人，应该由经验丰富的交易员进行。
How To Trade Penny Stocks #2: DayTrading
如何交易细价股#2：日间交易
Whether this is your first foray into the stock market or you're a pro, you've likely heard of day trading penny stocks. Day trading is all about finishing out a trade before that day's closing bell. Holding a position overnight is not usually part of the game plan.
无论这是你第一次涉足股市，还是你是专业人士，你都可能听说过日内交易的细价股。当日交易就是在当天收盘前完成交易。持仓过夜通常不是游戏计划的一部分。
What's interesting about day trading penny stocks is that these traders don't aim to capitalize on any overnight activity. While it is a slower trading style than scalping, it isn't more or less risky. Day traders usually pay attention to more than just price action. Media headlines and speculation surrounding the stocks they're watching are also used as tools. Day trading is a very active trading style within a finite amount of time.
有什么有趣的？当日交易的细价股这些交易员并不打算从任何隔夜交易中获利。虽然它是一种比黄牛交易慢的交易方式，但它的风险并不高或低。日内交易者通常关注的不仅仅是价格走势。媒体头条和围绕他们关注的股票的猜测也被用作工具。日内交易是一种在有限时间内非常活跃的交易方式。
One of the main downsides that new traders face is when they allow emotion to play a role. The idea of "what if it goes higher" or "what if this is the bottom" can cause more pain than anything. That's why, no matter the type of trade you're making, having a plan and determining things like profit targets and stop losses is key to becoming consistently profitable.
新交易员面临的主要不利因素之一是，当他们允许情绪发挥作用时。“如果它涨得更高了怎么办”或“如果这是底部怎么办”的想法可能会比任何事情都带来更多的痛苦。这就是为什么，无论你做的是哪种类型的交易，制定计划并确定利润目标和止损等事情是实现持续盈利的关键。
How To Trade Penny Stocks #3: Swing Trading
如何交易细价股#3：摆动交易
Swing trading penny stocks refers to a style of trading used by traders trying to make gains over a more extended period. This is usually longer than that of a day trader or a scalper. Naturally, there are two types of swing trading: short-term and long-term.
摇摆不定的交易细价股指的是交易员试图在更长的时间内获利的一种交易风格。这通常比日内交易者或黄牛更长。当然，有两种类型的波动交易：短期和长期。
Short-term swing trading focuses on anywhere between one to two days. Like day trading, short-term swing traders use very little fundamental analysis. Compared to day traders, short-term swing traders must be wary of overnight price action. Gap ups or gap downs can make their trades far riskier.
短期波动交易集中在一到两天之间的任何地方。与日间交易一样，短期摇摆型交易者很少使用基本面分析。与日间交易者相比，短期摇摆型交易者必须警惕隔夜价格走势。缺口上涨或缺口下跌可能会使他们的交易风险大得多。
For instance, if you're a swing trader and found a penny stock that has consistently risen over the last week, you might take a position. Outside of your control or foresight, late in the evening, the company announces a financing that was done at a steep discount to the market. There is a gap down the next day, essentially wiping out any gains and may even eat into your principle, presenting a more significant loss. This is a risk that swing traders take on, which day traders or scalpers don't usually encounter.
例如，如果你是一名摇摆交易者，发现一只便士股票在过去一周持续上涨，你可能会建立头寸。在你无法控制或预见的情况下，深夜，该公司宣布了一项融资，融资价格比市场低得多。第二天会有一个缺口，基本上抹去了所有的收益，甚至可能会侵蚀你的原则，带来更大的损失。这是摇摆交易者承担的风险，而日内交易者或黄牛通常不会遇到这种风险。
Long-term swing trading focuses on price movements over several weeks or months. Many refer to this style of trading as "the long game." Like short-term, long-term swing trading is susceptible to gap ups and gap downs. But the difference is that long-term swing traders will typically ride out these movements in hopes of more sustainable growth over time.
长期波动交易关注的是几周或几个月内的价格变动。许多人将这种交易风格称为“长期游戏”。与短期交易一样，长期波动交易也容易受到缺口起伏的影响。但不同的是，长期摇摆型交易者通常会安然度过这些波动，希望随着时间的推移实现更可持续的增长。
How To Trade Penny Stocks #4: Investing
如何交易细价股#4：投资
Investing in penny stocks is an entirely different ball game than trading. Long-term investors will prepare to hold positions for several months to several years. Those investing in penny stocks tend to rely more heavily on company fundamentals or broad market events compared to price action or speculation.
投资于细价股是与交易完全不同的一种游戏。长期投资者将准备持有几个月至几年的头寸。与价格走势或投机行为相比，那些投资于细价股的人往往更多地依赖于公司基本面或整体市场事件。
While penny stocks aren't typical investment choices, that doesn't mean they aren't worth it. If you want to invest in penny stocks, understand that pricing risk can play a significant role. For any investment type, it's best to consult a professional before making any investment decisions.
虽然廉价股不是典型的投资选择，但这并不意味着它们不值得投资。如果你想投资细价股，要明白定价风险可以发挥重要作用。对于任何投资类型，最好在做出任何投资决定之前咨询专业人士。
Final Thoughts On Penny Stocks
关于细价股的最后思考
Now that you've got some of the basics of how to trade penny stocks, it's time to learn what to look for next. What I mean by this is your journey is just beginning. Identifying your trader identity is critical in finding penny stocks to buy that fit your approach to making money in the stock market. If you are new, check out some of our articles on penny stock basics:
现在你已经掌握了如何交易细价股的一些基础知识，是时候学习下一步要寻找什么了。我的意思是，你的旅程才刚刚开始。识别你的交易者身份是找到适合你在股市赚钱的方法的细价股的关键。如果你是新手，看看我们关于细价股基础知识的一些文章：
- 4 Reasons You're Not Making Money With Penny Stocks
- What Is Stagflation & Why Does It Matter For Penny Stocks? [Answered]
- How to Find the Best Penny Stocks to Buy in 2022
- Can You Buy Penny Stocks In An IRA? The Answer May Surprise You
- Penny Stocks To Buy: 5 Tips For Trading Stocks Under $5
- What Are Penny Stocks? A Beginner's Guide To Making Money Trading
- 你不能用细价股赚钱的4个原因
- 什么是滞胀&为什么它对细价股很重要？[回答]
- 如何在2022年找到最值得购买的便宜股
- 你能在个人退休帐户中购买便士股票吗？答案可能会让你大吃一惊
- 购买便宜股：交易5美元以下股票的5个小贴士
- 什么是便士股票？新手交易赚钱指南
译文内容由第三方软件翻译。