How To Trade Penny Stocks: A Beginner’s Guide
How To Trade Penny Stocks: A Beginner’s Guide
Penny stocks can be the "stuff of legend" when they perform well. If you look at the history of cheap stocks, you'll likely find countless names that produced massive gains for investors. Some companies have even become market leaders competing with the likes of Pfizer (NYSE: PFE) and Moderna (NASDAQ: MRNA). This was the case with shares of a little-known biotech working on a treatment for influenza at the end of 2019.
當細價股表現良好時，它們可能會成為“傳奇人物”。如果你回顧一下廉價股票的歷史，你可能會發現無數為投資者帶來巨大收益的公司。一些公司甚至成為市場領導者，與輝瑞(NYSE：PFE)和Moderna(納斯達克：MRNA)等公司競爭。2019年底，一家鮮為人知的生物技術公司的股票就是這種情況。該公司正在研究一種治療流感的方法。
The 2020 pandemic shifted its fate, and Novavax (NASDAQ: NVAX) grew to become one of the top penny stocks in the last five years. If you were a reader back then, you would have seen NVAX stock trading under $4 and ultimately ran to highs of $331.68 within a year's time. It has been 8,100%+ moves like that, which have remained an attractive proposition for traders looking to leverage their money.
2020年的大流行改變了它的命運，諾華(納斯達克：NVAX)成長為最大的細價股在過去的五年裏。如果你是當時的讀者，你會看到NVAX的股票交易價格低於4美元，並最終在一年內漲至331.68美元的高點。這樣的波動已經超過8100%，對於希望利用資金進行槓桿操作的交易員來説，這仍然是一個有吸引力的提議。
What Are Penny Stocks
什麼是細價股
The definition of penny stocks includes stocks to buy under $5. Popular opinion likens all penny stocks to Over-The-Counter start-ups. However, there are plenty of NYSE and NASDAQ penny stocks to buy. The term "penny stocks" shouldn't be confused with "small-cap stocks" either. The "cap" in this term refers to the market capitalization of the underlying companies. In the article Are Penny Stocks Good For Beginners? [Answered], we shed some light on this topic.
這個細價股的定義包括5美元以下的股票。流行的觀點將所有的廉價股比作場外初創公司。不過，有大量紐約證交所和納斯達克的細價股可供買入。“細價股”一詞也不應與“小盤股”混淆。這個術語中的“市值”是指標的公司的市值。在文章中便士股票對初學者有好處嗎？[回答]，我們在這個話題上做了一些解釋。
Generally speaking, market caps or "market capitalizations" are divided into different segments. None of these segments have anything to do with price being the defining factor:
一般而言，市值或“市值”分為不同的部分。這些細分市場都與價格是決定性因素無關：
- Mega-cap stocks: These are companies with market capitalizations above $200 billion. Apple, Amazon (NASDAQ: AMZN), Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA), etc., fall into this category.
- Large-cap stocks: Companies with market capitalizations of $10 billion – $200 billion.
- Mid-cap stocks: Companies with market capitalizations of $2 billion – $10 billion.
- Small-cap stocks: Companies with market capitalizations of $300 million to $2 billion.
- Micro-cap stocks: Companies with market capitalizations of $50 million to $300 million.
- Nano-cap stocks: Companies with market capitalizations below $50 million.
- 巨型股：這些都是市值超過2000億美元的公司。蘋果、亞馬遜(納斯達克：AMZN)、特斯拉(納斯達克代碼:TSLA)等都屬於這一類。
- 大盤股：市值在100億至2000億美元之間的公司。
- 中型股：市值在20億至100億美元之間的公司。
- 小盤股：市值在3億至20億美元之間的公司。
- 小盤股：市值在5000萬至3億美元之間的公司。
- 納米股：市值低於5000萬美元的公司。
Case in point, Banco Santander (NYSE: SAN) is the "largest" penny stock by market cap at more than $40 billion. It's a stock that can be bought for less than $3 per share. Meanwhile, you've got Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. (NASDAQ: VBFC), which trades above $50 per share but has a market cap below $80 million. Those are two very different stocks with two very different market capitalizations.
例如，桑坦德銀行(紐約證券交易所股票代碼：SAN)是市值超過400億美元的“最大”便士股。這是一隻每股不到3美元就能買到的股票。同時，還有村鎮銀行和信託金融公司(納斯達克：VBFC)，其股價高於每股50美元，但市值低於8,000萬美元。這是兩隻截然不同的股票，市值也截然不同。
How To Trade Penny Stocks
如何交易細價股
How do you trade penny stocks and make money? The strategies for trading stocks under $5 vary depending on the type of investor you are. It would serve you well in learning the most commonly used techniques and seeing if they can be applied to your game plan. No matter your experience level, this guide can help you understand the basic trading styles.
你如何交易細價股並賺錢？交易5美元以下股票的策略根據你是哪種投資者而有所不同。它將很好地幫助你學習最常用的技術，並看看它們是否可以應用到你的比賽計劃中。無論你的經驗水平如何，這本指南都可以幫助你瞭解基本的交易風格。
Trading penny stocks can be very lucrative, but it takes some know-how to get there. Luckily we have 4 of the most commonly used strategies for you to learn. Trying out new things is always risky – why take that chance? If you are learning how to trade penny stocks or haven't traded in the past, utilizing a trading simulator is an excellent place to start. Simulators allow you to risk fake or "paper" money instead of your own. While you won't make big bucks from winning trades, a significant loss won't negatively impact your real back account either and will allow you to learn from your mistakes.
交易細價股可能非常有利可圖，但要做到這一點需要一些訣竅。幸運的是，我們有4個最常用的策略供您學習。嘗試新事物總是有風險的--為什麼要冒這個險？如果你正在學習如何交易細價股，或者過去沒有交易過，使用交易模擬器是一個很好的起點。模擬器允許你冒假幣或紙幣的風險，而不是你自己的。雖然你不會從成功的交易中賺到大筆錢，但重大損失也不會對你真正的賬户造成負面影響，而且會讓你從錯誤中吸取教訓。
The first place to begin is learning the different ways to play the market and how numerous trading styles can be used to profit from other moves.
首先要學習不同的市場運作方式，以及如何利用多種交易風格從其他交易中獲利。
How To Trade Penny Stocks #1: Scalping
如何交易細價股#1：倒賣
Scalping is a typical trading style used by active traders. The basic idea of scalping, as the name suggests, is to execute many trades throughout each day and take profits based on rapid price changes. Think of quick small bites versus trying to invest in one big dish at once. To be successful, though, you need more than just good insight into prices; there's also timing involved. Making investments quickly before the opportunity is gone or getting out when things get too high risk is critical. Scalping isn't for everyone and should be conducted by experienced traders.
倒賣是活躍交易者使用的典型交易風格。顧名思義，倒賣的基本理念是每天執行許多交易，並根據價格的快速變化獲利。想想快速小口咬一口，而不是試圖一次投資一大盤。然而，要想成功，你不僅需要對價格有好的洞察力，還需要掌握時機。在機會消失之前迅速進行投資，或者在風險太高時退出，這一點至關重要。倒賣並不適合每個人，應該由經驗豐富的交易員進行。
How To Trade Penny Stocks #2: DayTrading
如何交易細價股#2：日間交易
Whether this is your first foray into the stock market or you're a pro, you've likely heard of day trading penny stocks. Day trading is all about finishing out a trade before that day's closing bell. Holding a position overnight is not usually part of the game plan.
無論這是你第一次涉足股市，還是你是專業人士，你都可能聽説過日內交易的細價股。當日交易就是在當天收盤前完成交易。持倉過夜通常不是遊戲計劃的一部分。
What's interesting about day trading penny stocks is that these traders don't aim to capitalize on any overnight activity. While it is a slower trading style than scalping, it isn't more or less risky. Day traders usually pay attention to more than just price action. Media headlines and speculation surrounding the stocks they're watching are also used as tools. Day trading is a very active trading style within a finite amount of time.
有什麼有趣的？當日交易的細價股這些交易員並不打算從任何隔夜交易中獲利。雖然它是一種比黃牛交易慢的交易方式，但它的風險並不高或低。日內交易者通常關注的不僅僅是價格走勢。媒體頭條和圍繞他們關注的股票的猜測也被用作工具。日內交易是一種在有限時間內非常活躍的交易方式。
One of the main downsides that new traders face is when they allow emotion to play a role. The idea of "what if it goes higher" or "what if this is the bottom" can cause more pain than anything. That's why, no matter the type of trade you're making, having a plan and determining things like profit targets and stop losses is key to becoming consistently profitable.
新交易員面臨的主要不利因素之一是，當他們允許情緒發揮作用時。“如果它漲得更高了怎麼辦”或“如果這是底部怎麼辦”的想法可能會比任何事情都帶來更多的痛苦。這就是為什麼，無論你做的是哪種類型的交易，制定計劃並確定利潤目標和止損等事情是實現持續盈利的關鍵。
How To Trade Penny Stocks #3: Swing Trading
如何交易細價股#3：擺動交易
Swing trading penny stocks refers to a style of trading used by traders trying to make gains over a more extended period. This is usually longer than that of a day trader or a scalper. Naturally, there are two types of swing trading: short-term and long-term.
搖擺不定的交易細價股指的是交易員試圖在更長的時間內獲利的一種交易風格。這通常比日內交易者或黃牛更長。當然，有兩種類型的波動交易：短期和長期。
Short-term swing trading focuses on anywhere between one to two days. Like day trading, short-term swing traders use very little fundamental analysis. Compared to day traders, short-term swing traders must be wary of overnight price action. Gap ups or gap downs can make their trades far riskier.
短期波動交易集中在一到兩天之間的任何地方。與日間交易一樣，短期搖擺型交易者很少使用基本面分析。與日間交易者相比，短期搖擺型交易者必須警惕隔夜價格走勢。缺口上漲或缺口下跌可能會使他們的交易風險大得多。
For instance, if you're a swing trader and found a penny stock that has consistently risen over the last week, you might take a position. Outside of your control or foresight, late in the evening, the company announces a financing that was done at a steep discount to the market. There is a gap down the next day, essentially wiping out any gains and may even eat into your principle, presenting a more significant loss. This is a risk that swing traders take on, which day traders or scalpers don't usually encounter.
例如，如果你是一名搖擺交易者，發現一隻便士股票在過去一週持續上漲，你可能會建立頭寸。在你無法控制或預見的情況下，深夜，該公司宣佈了一項融資，融資價格比市場低得多。第二天會有一個缺口，基本上抹去了所有的收益，甚至可能會侵蝕你的原則，帶來更大的損失。這是搖擺交易者承擔的風險，而日內交易者或黃牛通常不會遇到這種風險。
Long-term swing trading focuses on price movements over several weeks or months. Many refer to this style of trading as "the long game." Like short-term, long-term swing trading is susceptible to gap ups and gap downs. But the difference is that long-term swing traders will typically ride out these movements in hopes of more sustainable growth over time.
長期波動交易關注的是幾周或幾個月內的價格變動。許多人將這種交易風格稱為“長期遊戲”。與短期交易一樣，長期波動交易也容易受到缺口起伏的影響。但不同的是，長期搖擺型交易者通常會安然度過這些波動，希望隨着時間的推移實現更可持續的增長。
How To Trade Penny Stocks #4: Investing
如何交易細價股#4：投資
Investing in penny stocks is an entirely different ball game than trading. Long-term investors will prepare to hold positions for several months to several years. Those investing in penny stocks tend to rely more heavily on company fundamentals or broad market events compared to price action or speculation.
投資於細價股是與交易完全不同的一種遊戲。長期投資者將準備持有幾個月至幾年的頭寸。與價格走勢或投機行為相比，那些投資於細價股的人往往更多地依賴於公司基本面或整體市場事件。
While penny stocks aren't typical investment choices, that doesn't mean they aren't worth it. If you want to invest in penny stocks, understand that pricing risk can play a significant role. For any investment type, it's best to consult a professional before making any investment decisions.
雖然廉價股不是典型的投資選擇，但這並不意味着它們不值得投資。如果你想投資細價股，要明白定價風險可以發揮重要作用。對於任何投資類型，最好在做出任何投資決定之前諮詢專業人士。
Final Thoughts On Penny Stocks
關於細價股的最後思考
Now that you've got some of the basics of how to trade penny stocks, it's time to learn what to look for next. What I mean by this is your journey is just beginning. Identifying your trader identity is critical in finding penny stocks to buy that fit your approach to making money in the stock market. If you are new, check out some of our articles on penny stock basics:
現在你已經掌握瞭如何交易細價股的一些基礎知識，是時候學習下一步要尋找什麼了。我的意思是，你的旅程才剛剛開始。識別你的交易者身份是找到適合你在股市賺錢的方法的細價股的關鍵。如果你是新手，看看我們關於細價股基礎知識的一些文章：
- 4 Reasons You're Not Making Money With Penny Stocks
- What Is Stagflation & Why Does It Matter For Penny Stocks? [Answered]
- How to Find the Best Penny Stocks to Buy in 2022
- Can You Buy Penny Stocks In An IRA? The Answer May Surprise You
- Penny Stocks To Buy: 5 Tips For Trading Stocks Under $5
- What Are Penny Stocks? A Beginner's Guide To Making Money Trading
- 你不能用細價股賺錢的4個原因
- 什麼是滯脹&為什麼它對細價股很重要？[回答]
- 如何在2022年找到最值得購買的便宜股
- 你能在個人退休帳户中購買便士股票嗎？答案可能會讓你大吃一驚
- 購買便宜股：交易5美元以下股票的5個小貼士
- 什麼是便士股票？新手交易賺錢指南
譯文內容由第三人軟體翻譯。