The Hongmeng system officially released by Huawei on June 2 has undoubtedly occupied the C position of the recent hot topics, although it is not all praise, but this effort to break the monopoly in the United States, the attempt to challenge Alphabet Inc-CL C and Apple Inc's monopoly position in mobile operating systems will certainly become a milestone in the history of Chinese science and technology.

For the intelligent internal reference of this issue, we recommend the report "Huawei Hongmeng in-depth Research" of Societe Generale Securities, which comprehensively analyzes Hongmeng system from the background of Hongmeng system, the technical details of open source and the ecological circle of industry chain.

The background of the birth of Hongmeng

Generally speaking, there are six backgrounds for the emergence of Hongmeng:

1. The background of digitalization: the arrival of a new digital era requires a new operating system.

2. The arrival of the era of IoT and 5G:5G Internet of things puts forward new requirements for the operating system.

3. China faces the challenge of "sticking neck": independent research and development of operating system is an urgent need.

4. The rise of artificial intelligence: AIoT scenarios naturally require intelligent cooperation of multiple devices and an operating system suitable for all types of machines.

Big data and Cloud Computing: TB, PB big data needs an operating system that can provide multi-computer interconnection.

6. Global information security is facing challenges: network security threats show a trend of diversification, complexity and frequent occurrence, which needs to be guaranteed by a sufficiently secure system.

By the time Hongmeng appeared, the operating system had gone through four generations: Unix, Windows/Mac/Linux, iOS/Android and Hongmeng / Fuchsia.

Fuchsia is an open source system based on Zircon microkernel developed by Google. It can run on mobile phones, computers, smart home appliances and other hardware products.

Alphabet Inc-CL C's expected development of Fuchsia is to let it replace Android and Chrome OS and unify them into one operating system.

Compared with Android, both Hong Meng and Android are based on Linux development, Android is based on macro kernel structure design, and Hong Meng is based on micro kernel structure design. Hongmeng system is written in C and C++, which does not need the intermediate process of virtual machine, so it runs more efficiently.

Compared with iOS, iOS and Hongmeng are both operating systems dedicated to the Internet of everything. The bottom layer of iOS is based on Unix and closed source, while Hongmeng is based on Lmux and open source.

In 2012, Huawei began laying out its own distributed operating system out of concern that it would be difficult to maintain production if Alphabet Inc-CL C were cut off.

On May 15, 2019, Huawei was added to the so-called "entity list", and Alphabet Inc-CL C's Android service GMS banned Huawei from supplying.

With the rapid development of 5G and the advent of the era of the Internet of things, the layout of Huawei many years ago enabled Huawei to seize the best period of development.

Open source and technical details

Generally speaking, the advantage of Hongmeng's technology at this stage lies in openness, but its disadvantage is ecology. The system has advantages in distributed deployment, delay and fluency, but it has the largest deficiency ecology.

Building a mature ecology is the key to Hongmeng's survival and victory.

Technically, the Hongmeng system uses a micro-kernel architecture. The kernel is the most basic component in the operating system, so the design of the kernel also has a vital impact on the external characteristics of the operating system.

Common kernel structures can be divided into macro kernel, micro kernel, hybrid kernel, external kernel and so on.

The microkernel is a relatively new kernel structure, but it has many excellent features that the macro kernel does not have, so it has attracted many researchers.

The microkernel architecture consists of two types of components: core systems and plug-in modules. The core system is responsible for general functions and does not change as the business changes.

The plug-in module is responsible for implementing the specific business and can be changed and expanded according to the changes of the business.

The microkernel architecture mode can add the functions of other applications to the core application as plug-ins, thus providing application scalability, functional separation and independence.

Micro-kernel architecture usually has the following characteristics: high overall agility, easy deployment, high testability, excellent functional performance, strong scalability and difficult to develop.

Another great advantage of Hongmeng architecture is that it relies on distributed soft bus, distributed device virtualization, distributed data management, distributed task scheduling and other technologies, which can realize hardware mutual assistance and resource sharing among multiple types and numbers of devices.

The Hongmeng system is originally designed to meet the high-standard link requirements of the intelligent experience of the full scene, and can adapt to a wide range of terminal devices, such as mobile phones, tablets, televisions, smart cars, wearable devices, and so on. it will create the next generation operating system in the future intelligent society of the Internet of everything.

In terms of technical characteristics, Hong Meng hasSingle development, multi-terminal deploymentThe characteristics of.

The framework layer of Hongmeng OS provides user program framework, Ability framework and UI framework. They can support the reuse of multi-terminal device business logic and interface logic, so that the development efficiency of applications across devices is improved.

Another feature is thatUnified OS, resilient deployment. Through the design method of component and miniaturization, Hongmeng os makes it possible to choose the appropriate deployment scheme according to the requirements for various types of equipment.

Hongmeng supports a variety of component configuration scenarios:

1. Support the selection of components. Components do not have to be deployed. You can select appropriate components according to your needs.

2. Support the configuration of feature sets within components, and you can selectively configure feature sets for components according to your requirements.

3. Support the configuration of the feature set within the component, and you can selectively configure the feature set for the component according to the requirements.

In addition to the microkernel, another big selling point of Hongmeng is the Ark compiler. The Ark compiler makes it easy to port Android APP to Hongmeng.

The Ark Compiler is a compiler platform independently developed by Huawei, which transforms the inefficient operation mode of interpreting and executing into the efficient operation mode of compiling Java, C, C++ and other code into machine code at one time, and also realizes the unity of multiple languages.

According to Huawei's official data, the Ark compiler can improve operating system fluency by 24%, system responsiveness by 44% and tripartite application operation fluency by 60%.

Hongmeng Industrial chain and Ecological Circle

Huawei's current business can be divided into four major areas: consumer business, operator business, enterprise business and cloud services four business areas of mutual coordination and common development, spliced into Huawei ecological strategic layout.

The ecology of Hongmeng system can be summarized as 1-8 years old. The core of the "1" strategy is 1, that is, the smartphone. As the core part of Hongmeng ecology, smart phone provides corresponding communication support for other device terminals with the Kirin chip developed by Huawei Hayes.

Because of the importance of mobile phones in the IoE scenario, Huawei always aims to be number one in the global mobile phone market.

8 meansPC, flat panel, smart screen, speaker, glasses, watch, car phone, headsetThese eight items will be developed and participated in the market by Huawei, and will pursue a leading position in the market.

N isPeripheral intelligent hardware such as camera, floor sweeper, intelligent scale, etc.It covers five scene modes: mobile office, smart home, sports health, audio-visual entertainment and intelligent travel.

These areas are jointly developed with Hongmeng's partners. In the process of cooperation, Hongmeng will provide HiLink protocol standards, HiAI components, Lite OS and other technology platforms, and open source the Hongmeng operating system.

1. Hongmeng OS + Smart screen

In August 2019, the world's first honorable wisdom screen equipped with Huawei Hongmeng system was officially released.

As the first terminal product equipped with Hongmeng system at that time, Honor Wisdom screen broke through the concept of traditional TV. It was equipped with three Huawei self-developed chips and up-and-down AI cameras, including Swan 818 Wisdom Chip, and built-in Huawei system-level video call function, creating a new way of interaction between big screen and mobile phone.

2. Hongmeng OS + intelligent cockpit

In April 2021, Huawei's Hongmeng OS smart cockpit was officially released.

Hongmeng OS operating system is a car-oriented operating system, with the same platform as mobile phones. Hongmeng OS intelligent cockpit is equipped with a variety of applications, such as single-core multi-screen, multi-user concurrency, runtime certainty guarantee, distributed peripherals, in-vehicle network, multi-components and other applications, providing differential start-up recovery, extreme startup, multi-user switching, sound field control, multi-component collaboration and other functions.

Hongmeng OS intelligent ship can upgrade applications in time. Based on its HMS-Automotive platform, developers can provide better services and application experience, and achieve full scene collaboration among people, cars and homes.

At the same time, HOS-A subsystem is also developed for vehicle scene increment, which can realize the functions of account, multi-mode input, user program framework, meta-capability framework, multimedia, public communication, car-machine business start-up and recovery, etc., so that autopilot, navigation, video, music and call services can be seamlessly switched between intelligent cockpit and other devices, making intelligent driving simple, interesting and enjoyable.

According to the press conference, the intelligent driving ecological platform has been supported by 30 + hardware ecology and 50 + application ecological partners. in the future, Hongmeng OS will continue to strengthen the opening and cooperation with the automobile and application fields, and work with the industry chain to create the ultimate experience of intelligent driving.

3. Hongmeng OS + Smart Appliances

In July 2020, Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei's consumer business, formally signed the Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement with Fang Hongbo, chairman of Midea, and the two sides reached an "omni-directional strategic cooperation relationship" in the field of smart home.

In April 2021, as one of the first household appliances to support the Hongmeng system, Midea's household intelligent steaming oven S5mini is on the market. The intelligent steamer is equipped with Huawei Hongmeng system and the touch-connection characteristics of the Hongmeng system, which can quickly complete the distribution network.

After the success of the distribution network, the mobile phone will automatically jump to the lightweight product page built into Hongmeng's system, where users can get customized recipes that match the products, prepare ingredients according to the recipes, and start the machine and machine cooking automatically with one click.

Wise thingsIt is believed that, in the final analysis, the ultimate competition of digital business is the competition of the operating system. Apple Inc, Alphabet Inc-CL C and Microsoft Corp, who are among the top three in the world's market capitalization, all have an operating system. Hongmeng's launch, in the long run, determines whether it is possible to get the fourth operating system ticket in the era of heterogeneous computing.