Futu Information on January 9, at the NIO Day2020 held in Chengdu on January 9, NIO Inc. announced the official launch of the 150kWh battery pack, which uses a solid-state battery. NIO Inc. ES8 carrying the battery pack will have a range of 730km and a maximum range of 910km.
So what is a solid state battery? What impact can solid-state batteries have on the industry? It's all below.
At present, the mainstream products of automobile companies are liquid lithium batteries (such as Ningde NCM811, Panasonic NCA), while solid-state batteries can greatly reduce the risk of thermal runaway by replacing liquid electrolytes with solid-state electrolytes; by using metal lithium negative electrodes, the energy density of the battery can be increased by 70%Above. But the disadvantage is that the conductivity of solid electrolyte is 10% lower than that of electrolyte.The utility model has the advantages of more than double, poor fast charging performance, complex preparation process and high cost.
However, it is precisely because of the importance of high safety, high battery life, many battery manufacturers, car companies are continuing to develop and verify solid-state battery commercial solutions. Such as Quantum Scape, an American solid-state battery company that has attracted a lot of attention recently., planned for 2024Mass production of solid-state batteries began in 2000.
Solid-state batteries-- the next generation of high-performance lithium-ion batteries
In 1991, Sony Group Corp launched commercial liquid lithium-ion batteries, and then liquid lithium batteries developed rapidly.
Since 2015, due to the global trend of automobile electrification, car companies continue to pursue long-life, high-safety power batteries to promote the continuous innovation of battery research and development.
In China, for example, the power battery in China has changed from lithium iron phosphate to high nickel ternary.The supplier speculates that depending on the existing ternary system in the next five years, it will be difficult for the single energy density of power lithium battery to be higher than that of power lithium battery.350Wh/kgThe goal is to fail to meet the national requirements。
In addition, in the process of turning lithium iron phosphate to high nickel ternary, many car companies appeared.Battery spontaneous combustion accident(ternary battery has high energy density, but poor safety), causing consumer safety concerns.
Because of the pursuit of higher energy density and higher safety, all countries are stepping up the research and development of solid-state batteries.。
Comparison of liquid lithium batterySolid-state batteries have the following advantages：
1) solid-state batteries replace liquid electrolytes withSolid electrolyte，Greatly reduce the risk of thermal runaway；
2) the electrochemical window of solid-state battery is more than 5V, which is higher than that of liquid lithium battery (4.2V).Match high energy positive electrode and metal lithium negative electrode to greatly increase the theoretical energy density.；
3) solid-state batteries can simplify the packaging and cooling system, and further reduce the weight of the battery in limited space.The volume energy density is higher than that of liquid lithium battery (graphite negative electrode).70%Above, reach 500Wh/kg。
Of course, solid-state batteries also face many problems at this stage.Technical obstacle, including:
The main results are as follows: 1) the conductivity of most solid electrolytes is more than 10 times lower than that of the electrolyte, and the fast charging performance is not good.
2) the physical contact becomes worse during the cycle, which affects the service life.
3) the preparation process is complex.
To sum upDue to the pursuit of higher energy density and higher safety, all countries are stepping up the research and development of solid-state batteries in order to seize the technical high point. Even if it takes time to realize the industrialization of all-solid-state battery, the technological innovation in the process has been continuously applied to improve the product power.
Second, under the guidance of the government, solid-state batteries have entered the stage of "arms race"
In recent years, governments have issued policies to support the new energy vehicle industry.A number of countries have clearly defined solid-state battery development goals and industrial technology plans:From 2020 to 2025, efforts were made to increase the energy density of batteries and transform them into solid-state batteries, and commercial all-solid-state batteries were developed in 2030.
The Chinese sideSome enterprises have entered the pilot stage of solid-state lithium-ion batteries (semi-solid batteries) and may achieve mass production by 2025, such as Ningde era, Huineng Technology and so on.
Japan and South KoreaToyota plans to mass-produce electric cars with solid-state batteries by 2022. At present, Japanese enterprises are in the lead in solid-state battery technology around the world, and many Japanese and South Korean enterprises choose to work together for research and development.
Europe seeks to make a comeback in the field of solid-state batteries.Major car companies in Europe and the United States have invested in solid-state battery start-ups. For example, start-ups derived from American universities, such as Solid Power, Solid Energy Systems, Quantum Scape and so on.
Obviously, the solid-state battery field has entered the stage of "arms race". There are many market participants. Car companies, battery enterprises, investment institutions, scientific research institutions and so on play games in three aspects: capital, technology and talents.
Most agencies expect that, based on current developments, 2025Solid-state batteries will be commercialized and mass produced in 2000. From the perspective of evolutionThe development of solid-state battery technology is expected to adopt a step-by-step subversion strategy, the content of liquid electrolyte decreases gradually, and all-solid-state battery is the final form.
Third, lithium subverter? Solid-state battery enterprise Quantum ScapeIt soared by 10% in January.倍
Shares of Quantum Scape, a US solid-state battery company, have soared tenfold in the past two months through a backdoor listing this year, with a market capitalization of $41.4 billion. With such a huge increase, where is the strength of QuantumScape?
Star team, industry giants endorse. Quantum Scape was founded in 2010 by Stanford University scientists Jagdeep Singh, Fritz Prinz and Tim Holme to develop solid-state batteries.
It is worth mentioning that Quantum ScapeThe "popular people" of the board of directors gathered. Partner of Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, the largest risk fund of Doerr-- in the United States; JB Straubel--, a former chief technology officer and co-founder of Tesla, Inc., was in charge of the research and development of Tesla, Inc. battery. In addition, two directors are related to Volkswagen Group, its largest shareholder.
As early as 2012Volkswagen has been working with Quantum Scape since 2000.Cooperation, 2018Volkswagen went to Quantum Scape inInvestment 1Billion US dollars, becoming its largest shareholder.And announced the establishment of a joint venture company, hoping to realize the industrial production of solid-state batteries.
According to the roadshow, Quantum Scape investors also include Bill Gates, Khosla Ventures, Kleiner Perkins, Qatar Investment Authority, SAIC and Continental. Before the listing, Quantum Scape had raised more than $800m.
Product aspectQuantum Scape released the latest performance data of its solid-state battery technology on December 8th, saying that its solid-state battery has an energy density of up to 400Wh/kg, will provide 80% longer mileage for electric vehicles, and can be recharged by 80% in 15 minutes.
CICC analysisThe solid state battery route of Quantum Scape is lanthanum zirconate lithium garnet oxide solid state battery in oxide system, and the mainstream electrolyte system is Li3La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), namely lanthanum lithium zirconate. Jagdeep Singh, CEO of Quantum Scape, believes that the follow-up commercial "task" will not be difficult, and that the next step will be to solve engineering and manufacturing problems, and plans to cooperate with Volkswagen for mass production of solid-state batteries in 2024.
With product performance breakthrough, there are talents, there are financiers, Quantum ScapeCan you become a lithium battery subverter?
This article is edited by Everbright Securities "solid State Battery, seize the commanding Point of the next Generation Lithium Technology" and CICC's "Real Progress of Garnet oxide solid State Battery from QuantumScape"