The upsurge is coming.
The year 2025 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of quantum mechanics. UNESCO has designated this year as the 'International Year of Quantum Science and Technology,' signifying a pivotal moment where quantum technology transitions from foundational theoretical research to a phase of accelerated industrialization.
Today, quantum technology is no longer a niche laboratory study but a strategic core in the competition for technological and economic prowess among major global nations. It is also a critical area for safeguarding national technological sovereignty and maintaining developmental initiative. As of August 2025, over 30 countries and regions worldwide have introduced or updated development plans in the field of quantum information, with cumulative investments exceeding 350 billion US dollars.
Domestically, the '15th Five-Year Plan' lists quantum technology as the top priority for future industrial layout, with continuous policy support bolstering its advancement. Industrial ecosystems centered around Hefei, Beijing, and Shanghai have taken shape, forming a tripartite balance of power with the United States and Europe.
The chain breakthroughs in quantum technology are ushering in a new era of industry, presenting the market with highly promising investment opportunities.
01
Quantum Technology Becomes Core of Major Power Competition
Three Key Domains Form the Foundation of the Industry
The reason quantum technology has become the core battleground of global technological competition lies in its ability to transcend the performance limits of classical technologies. Currently, three core domains have emerged: quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum precision measurement. Each domain possesses unique technical advantages and application value.
Quantum computing, with its extraordinary parallel computing and simulation capabilities, can solve problems that would take traditional supercomputers centuries to complete. Once technological breakthroughs occur, it will revolutionize the classical information security system.
Quantum communication represents the only method of communication that is unconditionally secure in principle. Quantum key distribution has already been implemented on a practical level, with the goal of building a global wide-area quantum communication network comprising fiber optics, repeaters, and satellite platforms.
Quantum precision measurement leverages the unique properties of quantum mechanics to achieve ultra-high-precision detection, far surpassing classical sensors. It can measure various physical quantities such as magnetic fields and gravity and holds significant potential in industries like manufacturing, healthcare, and navigation.
From the perspective of the industrial ecosystem, the number of global quantum information-related enterprises has exceeded 800, with nearly half operating in the quantum computing sector, while over a hundred companies are active in the post-quantum cryptography (PQC) field. Although China has 145 quantum enterprises, lagging behind Europe and the U.S. in quantity, it has achieved a leading position in the quantum communication domain.
Capital markets continue to show strong enthusiasm for quantum technology, with more than 1,400 financing deals totaling $14.5 billion in the global quantum information sector over the past decade. Quantum computing remains the core focus of capital investment, accounting for over 80% of total funding, while the PQC sector is emerging as a new investment hotspot, providing robust financial support for industry development.
At the same time, the quantum information product system now comprises four major categories: computing, communication, precision measurement products, and supporting processing and testing equipment. The industrial chain continues to improve, laying a solid foundation for commercial implementation.
02
Quantum Computing Enters Commercial Cycle
Multi-dimensional Breakthroughs Unlock Application Potential
Currently, quantum computing is entering its first true commercial cycle, rapidly transitioning from laboratory research to practical applications, becoming the core driver of quantum technology industrialization.
Although quantum computing is still in the 'Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum' (NISQ) era, where qubits remain prone to errors, multiple technological approaches—such as superconducting, ion traps, neutral atoms, and photonic quantum systems—are advancing competitively, with continuous breakthroughs emerging globally.
D-Wave’s quantum annealer has demonstrated quantum supremacy for the first time, completing programmable material simulations in minutes that would take classical supercomputers nearly a million years.
IBM and Google have achieved key breakthroughs in quantum error correction and error mitigation technologies, laying the groundwork for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
The ion trap quantum computer introduced by Quantinuum has achieved industry-leading performance improvements. Continuous advancements across various technical routes are bringing quantum computing closer to commercial viability.
As technological breakthroughs continue, the application scenarios for quantum computing are expanding. Early commercial value will concentrate in four major areas: simulation, optimization, machine learning, and cryptography, spanning industries such as pharmaceuticals, finance, logistics, and aerospace.
According to professional data estimates, the deployment of commercial quantum systems will generate over $500 billion in economic value annually across just four industries—finance, technology, logistics, and pharmaceuticals. Market potential in sectors like automotive, aerospace, and chemical industries also reaches hundreds of billions of dollars.
To lower usage barriers, quantum computing cloud platforms have become core infrastructure. International giants like IBM and Google have achieved global layouts, while domestic platforms such as China Mobile's 'Wuyue Ji Yuan' and Origin Quantum's 'Origin Quantum Cloud' are making significant progress simultaneously.
At the same time, hybrid quantum-classical computing has become a key breakthrough for practical implementation. Companies like NVIDIA and IBM are accelerating their efforts to promote the synergistic operation of quantum and classical computing power.
Furthermore, the integration of quantum computing and artificial intelligence holds broad prospects for development. The research and development of quantum AI platforms has become a focal point, effectively overcoming computational bottlenecks in classical AI. Practical commercial applications have already emerged in fields such as drug discovery, financial forecasting, and logistics optimization.
03
Post-quantum cryptography embraces development opportunities.
Building security defenses is an urgent necessity.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses severe challenges to traditional cryptographic systems. Mathematical problems such as integer factorization and discrete logarithms, which form the basis of conventional public-key cryptosystems, can be easily cracked by Shor's algorithm on quantum computers. This makes the migration to post-quantum cryptographic systems an inevitable trend. As a core technology ensuring future information security, PQC (Post-Quantum Cryptography) is entering a strategic overlap period of standard industrialization and migration engineering, presenting unprecedented development opportunities.
Currently, there are two main strategies to address quantum cryptographic threats: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). Each has its advantages and can complement each other, jointly constructing the information security defenses of the post-quantum era.
QKD achieves absolute security at the physical layer based on the principles of quantum physics. It is the optimal solution for key distribution, eliminating eavesdropping at its root. However, it requires specialized equipment and links, with high deployment costs and limited transmission distances.
PQC is built on mathematical problems resistant to quantum computing, requiring no specialized quantum devices, and can operate on existing digital infrastructure with low deployment costs, unrestricted transmission, and seamless compatibility with general internet applications.
In terms of industrial advancement, countries around the world are accelerating the migration and strategic layout of post-quantum cryptography. European and American nations are leading the way, while China is also simultaneously advancing related standardization and industrialization efforts.
Post-quantum cryptographic technology has already demonstrated application benchmarks in critical areas such as network communications, financial transactions, and military command. It is not only an essential requirement for information security but also a significant growth driver for the quantum technology industry, presenting unprecedented development opportunities.
04
Investment Recommendations:
Focus on high-quality targets within core sectors.
The industrialization of quantum technology is accelerating, with continuous breakthroughs in core technologies and application implementations across various fields exceeding expectations. The industry is entering a golden era of development. We recommend positioning investments across three key directions involving high-quality targets.
First, focus on leading enterprises specializing in complete quantum technology systems and products, with particular attention to industry leaders covering the three domains of quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement, as well as firms holding stakes in core quantum technology companies or strategically positioned in quantum application scenarios.
Second, pay attention to component and infrastructure support companies, prioritizing high-quality enterprises in areas such as quantum security chips, core components for quantum measurement, and optical devices and fiber optic cables used in quantum communication.
Third, seize the opportunity in the post-quantum security sector by focusing on companies offering quantum-resistant cryptographic products and services, as well as those involved in post-quantum cryptographic migration, to benefit from industry growth dividends.
05
Risk Warning
Quantum technology remains in the early stages of industrialization, with uncertainties in technological research and commercial implementation. Performance realization among related companies tends to be slow, accompanied by significant valuation volatility. This sector exhibits high elasticity and strong thematic characteristics; it may experience rapid surges during favorable market conditions but could also undergo substantial corrections when sentiment wanes, with fluctuations significantly higher than in ordinary industries. Investors are advised to approach this rationally, make prudent decisions, and remain mindful of associated investment risks.
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