PARIS—For just over a month this summer, the LVMH MC 0.48%increase; green up pointing triangle luxury empire turned the Paris Olympics and Paralympics into one long exercise in product placement. As the roughly 150-million-euro sponsor of the Games, the company made sure it was everywhere, from an eye-popping cameo of Louis Vuitton trunks in the Opening Ceremony to the Chaumet-manufactured medals around athletes' necks.

Now LVMH has its next target in sports. Starting next year, the company led by luxury titan Bernard Arnault will leap on the global resurgence of Formula One with a 10-year sponsorship deal that will put LVMH brands front and center of motor racing's premier traveling circus.