Goldman Sachs released a report stating that it expects the S&P 500 Index to rise to 6,500 points by the end of this year, primarily driven by corporate profit growth; it estimates an 11% increase in earnings per share this year and 7% next year, with the PE expected to remain around 21.5 by year-end. Goldman Sachs noted that the total ROI of the S&P 500 Index reached 25% last year, marking the second consecutive year of returns exceeding 20%, the last time this occurred was in 1998 and 1999. Nearly half of last year's annual returns came from five stocks: NVIDIA, Apple, Amazon, Alphabet, and Broadcom.