The Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) has recently published a new study in its JAMA Oncology section, which found that type 2 diabetes patients using GLP-1 therapy were significantly less likely to develop 10 types of cancer compared to those using insulin. Sitagliptin, developed by Novo Nordisk, is a famous representative of GLP-1 therapy. The indication of this drug in recent years has expanded to cardiovascular diseases associated with weight loss and obesity, and its market demand is booming. Although the new generation GLP-1 therapy Sitagliptin was only approved by the US FDA for type 2 diabetes treatment drugs at the end of 2017, the use of GLP-1 therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes has been nearly 20 years. In this latest study, researchers analyzed medical records of 1.6 million type 2 diabetes patients from March 2005 to November 2018, who had no history of 13 obesity-related cancers before medication. The researchers found that patients receiving GLP-1 therapy instead of insulin therapy had a significantly lower risk of developing 10 types of cancer, including esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, gallbladder cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, meningioma, and multiple myeloma. They claim that this finding may represent ‘preliminary evidence of the potential benefits of GLP-1 drugs for preventing cancer in high-risk populations,’ but this study is observational and therefore only determines an association between the two, and cannot establish a direct causal relationship as the risk of obesity-related cancer may be reduced by weight loss and diabetes control brought about by these drugs.